The lies our culture tells us about what matters --- and a better way to live | David Brooks
2,150,525 views ・ 2019-07-03
请双击下面的英文字幕来播放视频。
翻译人员: Cissy Yun
校对人员: Ziyao Wang
00:12
So, we all have bad seasons in life.
0
12911
2108
人生总会经历枯季。
00:15
And I had one in 2013.
1
15754
1920
我的枯季在2013年。
00:18
My marriage had just ended,
2
18373
1346
我的婚姻破裂了,
00:19
and I was humiliated
by that failed commitment.
3
19743
2652
我失败的婚姻让我感到羞辱。
00:22
My kids had left home for college
or were leaving.
4
22419
2802
我的孩子们离开家
去上大学了。
00:26
I grew up mostly
in the conservative movement,
5
26045
2323
我在保守派运动中成长,
00:28
but conservatism had changed,
6
28392
1600
但如今,保守主义变了,
00:30
so I lost a lot of those friends, too.
7
30016
1992
因此我失去了不少老朋友。
00:32
And so what I did is,
I lived alone in an apartment,
8
32441
2989
我能做的仅是
独居于公寓中,
00:35
and I just worked.
9
35454
1200
埋头工作。
00:37
If you opened the kitchen drawers
where there should have been utensils,
10
37417
3413
若你在我家拉开厨具抽屉,
00:40
there were Post-it notes.
11
40854
1523
你看到会是各种便利贴。
00:42
If you opened the other drawers
where there should have been plates,
12
42916
3215
你若拉开盘具抽屉,
那儿将充满信封。
00:46
I had envelopes.
13
46155
1150
00:47
I had work friends, weekday friends,
but I didn't have weekend friends.
14
47885
3397
我有同事朋友,工作日的友人,
但到周末,我又是孤身一人。
00:51
And so my weekends
were these long, howling silences.
15
51942
3600
我的周末是漫长的寂静。
00:56
And I was lonely.
16
56268
1372
我很孤独。
00:58
And loneliness, unexpectedly,
came to me in the form of --
17
58395
3573
寂寞以意想不到的方式击垮了我,
01:02
it felt like fear,
a burning in my stomach.
18
62399
2849
它像是一种恐惧,
一种胃中的焦灼感。
01:05
And it felt a little like drunkenness,
19
65272
2681
有时又像是醉酒的感觉,
01:07
just making bad decisions,
just fluidity, lack of solidity.
20
67977
4930
我无法作出正确的选择,
一切都随波逐流,毫无立足点。
01:13
And the painful part of that moment
was the awareness
21
73911
3266
最让我痛苦的是,
我意识到
01:17
that the emptiness in my apartment
was just reflective of the emptiness
22
77201
3403
空空荡荡的公寓
只是我内心空虚的
01:20
in myself,
23
80628
1599
一种外在映射,
01:22
and that I had fallen for some of the lies
that our culture tells us.
24
82251
3727
我被我们的文化中的谎言欺骗。
01:27
The first lie is that
career success is fulfilling.
25
87196
3409
第一条谎言是
事业成功会让你感到满足。
01:30
I've had a fair bit of career success,
26
90629
1837
我在事业上是小有成就,
01:32
and I've found that it helps me avoid
the shame I would feel
27
92490
2838
它帮助我避免那种
觉得自己是个废物的
挫败感,
01:35
if I felt myself a failure,
28
95352
1674
01:37
but it hasn't given me any positive good.
29
97050
2531
但它也给不了我
任何的正能量。
01:40
The second lie is I can make myself happy,
30
100201
3596
第二个谎言是
若我可以再胜利一次,
01:44
that if I just win one more victory,
31
104484
2080
我可以让自己变快乐。
01:46
lose 15 pounds, do a little more yoga,
32
106588
3491
像是减肥15磅,做一下瑜伽,
01:50
I'll get happy.
33
110103
1150
我就会变得开心起来。
01:51
And that's the lie of self-sufficiency.
34
111743
2318
这是“自给自足”的谎言。
01:54
But as anybody
on their deathbed will tell you,
35
114419
2682
任何即将离世的人
都会跟你说,
01:57
the things that make people happy
is the deep relationships of life,
36
117125
3264
人生中最愉悦的莫过于
各种深厚的交情,
02:00
the losing of self-sufficiency.
37
120413
2067
忘记自给自足的概念。
02:03
The third lie is the lie
of the meritocracy.
38
123804
2667
第三个是关于
精英主义的谎言。
02:07
The message of the meritocracy
is you are what you accomplish.
39
127591
3199
这个主义传递着一个信息:
你的成就造就了你。
02:11
The myth of the meritocracy
is you can earn dignity
40
131133
2467
精英主义告诉人们,
他们可以通过
02:13
by attaching yourself
to prestigious brands.
41
133624
2610
穿戴名牌赢得自尊。
02:16
The emotion of the meritocracy
is conditional love,
42
136258
2805
精英主义是有条件的爱,
02:19
you can "earn" your way to love.
43
139087
1855
你可以努力“挣”到爱。
02:20
The anthropology of the meritocracy
is you're not a soul to be purified,
44
140966
3421
精英主义不会把你看作
一个需要被救赎的灵魂,
02:24
you're a set of skills to be maximized.
45
144411
2468
而是技能被最大化利用的技能套装。
02:26
And the evil of the meritocracy
46
146903
1849
它最邪恶之处是
02:28
is that people who've achieved
a little more than others
47
148776
2658
比别人取得多一点成就的人
02:31
are actually worth
a little more than others.
48
151458
2286
会被看作更有价值。
02:34
And so the wages of sin are sin.
49
154141
1863
罪的代价还是罪恶。
02:36
And my sins were the sins of omission--
50
156815
1884
而我的罪在于我的疏忽,
02:38
not reaching out,
failing to show up for my friends,
51
158723
2468
没有主动去社交,
没有和友人保持联系,
02:41
evasion, avoiding conflict.
52
161215
1515
回避、绕开冲突。
02:43
And the weird thing was
that as I was falling into the valley --
53
163560
3128
更奇怪的是,当我
渐渐跌入低谷中时--
02:46
it was a valley of disconnection --
54
166712
1704
就与外界失联了--
02:48
a lot of other people
were doing that, too.
55
168440
2034
很多人也正经历着这些。
02:51
And that's sort of
the secret to my career;
56
171014
2009
这也算是我事业的秘密吧,
02:53
a lot of the things that happen to me
57
173047
1773
我的人生中发生的事,
02:54
are always happening
to a lot of other people.
58
174844
2158
通常也会发生在其他人身上。
我是个平凡的人,
虽然我的沟通能力还行。
02:57
I'm a very average person
with above average communication skills.
59
177026
3194
03:00
(Laughter)
60
180244
1103
(笑声)
03:01
And so I was detached.
61
181371
1466
我产生被孤立感的同时,
03:03
And at the same time,
a lot of other people were detached
62
183252
3262
很多人也有同感,
感到自己是座孤岛,
03:06
and isolated and fragmented
from each other.
63
186538
2515
与别人被拆分开。
03:09
Thirty-five percent of Americans
over 45 are chronically lonely.
64
189077
3080
百分之三十五45岁以上的
美国人长期感到孤独。
03:12
Only eight percent of Americans
report having meaningful conversation
65
192181
3341
只有百分之八的美国人
与他们的邻居之间
03:15
with their neighbors.
66
195546
1150
有过深度交谈。
03:16
Only 32 percent of Americans
say they trust their neighbors,
67
196720
2825
只有百分之三十二的美国人,
以及百分之十八的千禧一代说
03:19
and only 18 percent of millennials.
68
199569
2254
他们信任他们的邻居。
03:21
The fastest-growing
political party is unaffiliated.
69
201847
2441
发展最快的政治党派是独立的。
03:24
The fastest-growing religious
movement is unaffiliated.
70
204312
2587
扩张得最快的宗教运动
也是与别的宗教无关联的。
03:26
Depression rates are rising,
mental health problems are rising.
71
206923
2976
抑郁症比例在上升,
心理疾病变得更普遍。
03:29
The suicide rate has risen
30 percent since 1999.
72
209923
3241
自杀率自1999年
上升了百分之三十。
03:33
For teen suicides
over the last several years,
73
213188
2176
近几年青少年自杀率
03:35
the suicide rate has risen by 70 percent.
74
215388
2659
上升了百分之七十。
03:39
Forty-five thousand Americans
kill themselves every year;
75
219249
2675
每年四万五千美国人死于自杀,
03:41
72,000 die from opioid addictions;
76
221948
2230
七万两千死于鸦片类药品上瘾;
03:44
life expectancy is falling, not rising.
77
224202
3349
平均寿命在变短而不是变长。
03:48
So what I mean to tell you,
I flew out here to say
78
228985
2587
所以我今天来到这里想说的是
03:51
that we have an economic crisis,
we have environmental crisis,
79
231596
2928
如今人类面临着经济、环境危机
03:54
we have a political crisis.
80
234548
1365
还有政治危机。
03:55
We also have a social
and relational crisis;
81
235937
2079
我们还经历着社交
与人际关系危机。
03:58
we're in the valley.
82
238040
1339
我们正处于那个低谷。
03:59
We're fragmented from each other,
83
239403
1603
人际关系支离破碎,
而政界也是谎话连篇...
04:01
we've got cascades of lies
coming out of Washington ...
84
241030
2592
04:03
We're in the valley.
85
243646
1333
我们困在了这个低谷。
04:05
And so I've spent the last five years --
86
245466
1977
在过去的这五年中,
04:07
how do you get out of a valley?
87
247467
1514
我一直在思考
如何走出这个低谷。
04:09
The Greeks used to say,
"You suffer your way to wisdom."
88
249356
3113
古希腊人常说说,
“必经磨难,终得智慧”。
04:13
And from that dark period where I started,
I've had a few realizations.
89
253006
3660
在我人生那段黑暗时光中,
我有了些许认识。
04:17
The first is, freedom sucks.
90
257228
2921
第一,自由糟透了。
04:20
Economic freedom is OK,
political freedom is great,
91
260998
2674
经济自由还可以,
政治自由非常好,
04:23
social freedom sucks.
92
263696
1801
社交自由是件坏事。
04:26
The unrooted man is the adrift man.
93
266036
2327
无根之人注定要漂泊。
04:28
The unrooted man is the unremembered man,
because he's uncommitted to things.
94
268387
3983
无根之人注定会被遗忘,
因为他从不会做出承诺。
04:32
Freedom is not an ocean
you want to swim in,
95
272776
3534
自由不是你可畅游的海洋,
04:36
it's a river you want to get across,
96
276334
1730
而是你需跨越的一条河流,
04:38
so you can commit and plant yourself
on the other side.
97
278088
2666
这样你才可以
扎根于河对岸。
04:41
The second thing I learned
98
281270
1659
我学到的第二件事是,
04:42
is that when you have
one of those bad moments in life,
99
282953
2596
当坏事发生在你身上时,
04:45
you can either be broken,
100
285573
1295
你不是被打击,
04:46
or you can be broken open.
101
286892
1539
就是思维被打开。
04:48
And we all know people who are broken.
102
288905
1826
我们都认识受过打击的人。
04:50
They've endured some pain
or grief, they get smaller,
103
290755
2516
他们忍受着痛苦与
悲伤,愈加变小,
04:53
they get angrier, resentful,
they lash out.
104
293295
2380
愈发愤世嫉俗,抨击时事。
04:55
As the saying is,
105
295699
1155
俗话说,
04:56
"Pain that is not transformed
gets transmitted."
106
296878
2698
“不被转化的痛苦会被传播”。
04:59
But other people are broken open.
107
299927
1829
另一些人的思维
会被磨难打开。
05:03
Suffering's great power
is that it's an interruption of life.
108
303125
3101
磨难的破坏力在于
它会扰乱正常生活。
05:06
It reminds you you're not the person
you thought you were.
109
306250
2769
它会提醒你,
你与想象中的自己不一样。
05:09
The theologian Paul Tillich said
110
309043
1537
神学家保罗·提利时说
05:10
what suffering does is it carves through
what you thought was the floor
111
310604
3417
磨难会穿透你以为是
05:14
of the basement of your soul,
112
314045
1383
你的灵魂最深的地方,
05:15
and it carves through that,
revealing a cavity below,
113
315452
2510
露出一个蛀洞,
05:17
and it carves through that,
revealing a cavity below.
114
317986
2492
然后再往深处挖掘,
露出又一个蛀洞。
05:20
You realize there are depths of yourself
you never anticipated,
115
320502
3009
你触及到深度是
你从未预料到的,
05:23
and only spiritual and relational food
will fill those depths.
116
323535
2951
而能填补那深层空虚的只有
精神粮食和人际关系。
05:28
And when you get down there,
you get out of the head of the ego
117
328173
2968
当你到达那深处,
你会忘记自我,
触及心灵,
05:31
and you get into the heart,
118
331165
1682
05:32
the desiring heart.
119
332871
1762
充满渴求的心灵。
05:34
The idea that what we really yearn for
is longing and love for another,
120
334657
3631
我们真正想要的是
对他人的爱与思念,
05:38
the kind of thing that Louis de Bernières
described in his book,
121
338312
3046
路易·德博尼尔在他的书中
写过有关的感受。
05:41
"Captain Corelli's Mandolin."
122
341382
1898
在《柯莱利上尉的曼陀林》中,
05:43
He had an old guy talking to his daughter
123
343304
1979
他写了一个老人和他女儿诉说
05:45
about his relationship with his late wife,
124
345307
2018
他与去世的妻子的故事,
05:47
and the old guy says,
125
347349
1387
老人说到,
05:48
"Love itself is whatever is leftover
when being in love is burned away.
126
348760
3698
“爱的本质是热爱之火
烧尽时剩下的一切。
05:52
And this is both an art
and a fortunate accident.
127
352482
2857
这既是一种艺术,
也是幸运的巧合。
05:55
Your mother and I had it.
128
355704
1683
你妈妈和我有幸拥有它。
05:57
We had roots that grew
towards each other underground,
129
357411
2539
我们的根在地底深深缠绕,
05:59
and when all the pretty blossoms
had fallen from our branches,
130
359974
2929
当那些美丽的花瓣
从树枝上凋落时,
06:02
we discovered that we are
one tree and not two."
131
362927
2452
我们发现,我们早已
融为一棵大树。”
06:05
That's what the heart yearns for.
132
365696
1873
这是我们心之所求。
06:07
The second thing
you discover is your soul.
133
367593
2761
第二件事是
你会认识自己的灵魂。
06:10
Now, I don't ask you to believe in God
or not believe in God,
134
370932
2878
我并非要传教,
让你去相信上帝,
06:13
but I do ask you to believe
that there's a piece of you
135
373834
2587
但我希望你可以相信
你的一部分是无形,无色,无量的,
06:16
that has no shape, size, color or weight,
136
376445
1976
06:18
but that gives you
infinite dignity and value.
137
378445
2926
但它能给予你无限的自尊和价值。
06:21
Rich and successful people
don't have more of this
138
381395
2357
富有、成功人士并不会
06:23
than less successful people.
139
383776
1365
比那些尚未成功之人
多一丝的灵魂。
06:25
Slavery is wrong because
it's an obliteration of another soul.
140
385974
3182
奴隶制之所以是错的
是因为它试图抹杀一个灵魂。
06:29
Rape is not just an attack
on a bunch of physical molecules,
141
389180
2834
强奸不仅是对肉体的折磨,
06:32
it's an attempt to insult
another person's soul.
142
392038
2928
更是对一个灵魂的亵渎。
06:34
And what the soul does
is it yearns for righteousness.
143
394990
3046
灵魂渴求的是正义。
06:38
The heart yearns for fusion with another,
the soul yearns for righteousness.
144
398060
3579
心之所求是与另一颗心的融合,
而灵魂之所求则是正义。
06:41
And that led to my third realization,
which I borrowed from Einstein:
145
401663
3285
这也让我意识到第三件事,
这里我借用爱因斯坦的话:
06:45
"The problem you have
is not going to be solved
146
405655
2486
“用产生问题的
思维解决问题
是行不通的。
06:48
at the level of consciousness
on which you created it.
147
408165
2714
06:50
You have to expand
to a different level of consciousness."
148
410903
3873
你要拓展思维至新的层次”。
06:54
So what do you do?
149
414800
1214
那么我们应该怎么办呢?
第一件事是,让自己
全身投入于朋友之间,
06:56
Well, the first thing you do
is you throw yourself on your friends
150
416038
3110
06:59
and you have deeper conversations
that you ever had before.
151
419172
2961
与他们进行从未有过的深层交谈。
第二件事有些不同,
07:02
But the second thing you do,
152
422157
1357
你需要独自融入大自然。
07:03
you have to go out alone
into the wilderness.
153
423538
2134
你需要去到一个地方,
在那儿没有任何人会是你的观众,
07:05
You go out into that place
where there's nobody there to perform,
154
425696
3072
在这里你的自尊心
毫无用处并逐渐粉碎,
07:08
and the ego has nothing to do,
and it crumbles,
155
428792
2380
只有那时,你才可以被爱。
07:11
and only then are you capable
of being loved.
156
431196
2159
07:13
I have a friend who said
that when her daughter was born,
157
433712
3337
我有一个朋友告诉我,
当她女儿出生时,
07:17
she realized that she loved her
more than evolution required.
158
437073
3603
她意识到,她爱女儿多过于进化所需。
07:21
(Laughter)
159
441041
1143
(笑声)
07:22
And I've always loved that.
160
442208
1405
我太喜欢这句话了。
07:23
(Applause)
161
443637
1142
(掌声)
07:24
Because it talks about the peace
that's at the deep of ourself,
162
444803
2957
因为它讲述的是我们
内心深处的平静,
07:27
our inexplicable care for one another.
163
447784
2705
我们对彼此难以言述的关心。
07:30
And when you touch that spot,
you're ready to be rescued.
164
450513
2944
当你触及那个层次,
你就可以被救赎了。
07:33
The hard thing about
when you're in the valley
165
453815
2316
当你处在低谷中时,
最难的事莫过于
无法独自爬出这个低洼;
07:37
is that you can't climb out;
166
457300
1348
07:38
somebody has to reach in and pull you out.
167
458672
2157
有人需要伸出援手,将你拉出。
07:41
It happened to me.
168
461331
1155
这也发生在了我身上。
07:42
I got, luckily, invited over to a house
by a couple named Kathy and David,
169
462510
3527
我有幸被凯茜和大卫夫妇邀请
07:46
and they were --
170
466061
1405
去他们家。
07:48
They had a kid in the DC
public school, his name's Santi.
171
468196
2675
他们的孩子桑提在
华盛顿的公立学校读书。
07:50
Santi had a friend
who needed a place to stay
172
470895
2102
桑提的一个朋友
需要找个地方住,
因为他的妈妈有些健康问题。
07:53
because his mom had some health issues.
173
473021
1866
07:54
And then that kid had a friend
and that kid had a friend.
174
474911
2682
而那个朋友也认识个
需要帮助的朋友,以此类推。
07:57
When I went to their house six years ago,
175
477617
2008
当我去到他们家做客时,
07:59
I walk in the door, there's like
25 around the kitchen table,
176
479649
2897
我走进门,餐桌旁
坐着二十五个人,
08:02
a whole bunch sleeping
downstairs in the basement.
177
482570
2349
还有一些正在地下室睡着。
08:04
I reach out to introduce myself to a kid,
178
484943
2063
我正要向一个孩子做自我介绍,
08:07
and he says, "We don't really
shake hands here.
179
487030
2604
他说道,
“我们这儿可不流行握手,
08:10
We just hug here."
180
490331
1448
抱一个吧。“
08:12
And I'm not the huggiest guy
on the face of the earth,
181
492323
2976
我虽不是地球上
最喜欢拥抱的人,
08:15
but I've been going back to that home
every Thursday night when I'm in town,
182
495323
3579
但有着什么一直吸引着我,
在每周四去到他们家时,
08:18
and just hugging all those kids.
183
498926
1544
与这些孩子一个个拥抱问好。
08:20
They demand intimacy.
184
500494
1885
他们想与你亲密无间。
08:22
They demand that you behave in a way
where you're showing all the way up.
185
502403
3610
他们需要你完全放开自我。
08:26
And they teach you a new way to live,
186
506442
1794
他们教会你一种全新的生活方式,
08:28
which is the cure
for all the ills of our culture
187
508260
2301
可以治愈所有文化之殇,
08:30
which is a way of direct --
really putting relationship first,
188
510585
2946
这其实很简单,就是将
人际关系放在第一位,
08:33
not just as a word, but as a reality.
189
513555
3170
并非空谈,而要实践。
08:37
And the beautiful thing is,
these communities are everywhere.
190
517557
4071
而最美好之处就是,
这种团体无处不在。
08:41
I started something at the Aspen Institute
called "Weave: The Social Fabric."
191
521652
3647
我在阿斯彭研究所建立了
“织:社会之网”。
这是我们的标志。
08:45
This is our logo here.
192
525323
1156
08:46
And we plop into a place and we find
weavers anywhere, everywhere.
193
526503
3733
我们发现身边有很多织网者。
08:50
We find people like Asiaha Butler,
who grew up in --
194
530761
2517
像是艾依莎·巴特勒 --
08:54
who lived in Chicago, in Englewood,
in a tough neighborhood.
195
534056
2817
她居住在芝加哥的英格伍德,
那是一个危险的街区。
08:56
And she was about to move
because it was so dangerous,
196
536897
2953
因为身处危险地段,
她正想要搬家,
09:00
and she looked across the street
and she saw two little girls
197
540173
2868
但她看到路对边,
有两个小女孩
09:03
playing in an empty lot
with broken bottles,
198
543065
2076
在空停车场里玩碎瓶子。
09:05
and she turned to her husband
and she said, "We're not leaving.
199
545165
3182
她转头和她丈夫说,
“我们不搬了。
09:08
We're not going to be just another family
that abandon that."
200
548371
2976
我们不能像其他家庭那样
一走了之,丢下这里不管。”
09:11
And she Googled "volunteer in Englewood,"
and now she runs R.A.G.E.,
201
551371
3208
她马上搜索了“英格伍德志愿者”,
现在她管理着“R.A.G.E”,
09:14
the big community organization there.
202
554603
1797
那里最大的社区组织。
09:16
Some of these people
have had tough valleys.
203
556424
2979
很多人都经历过人生的低谷。
09:19
I met a woman named Sarah in Ohio
who came home from an antiquing trip
204
559427
3705
我遇见一个叫莎拉的女士,
她在一段古董之旅结束回家后,
09:23
and found that her husband
had killed himself and their two kids.
205
563156
3762
发现她丈夫杀了她的
两个孩子后自杀了。
09:27
She now runs a free pharmacy,
she volunteers in the community,
206
567815
3380
她现在管理一所免费药房,
在社区里积极做志愿工作,
09:31
she helps women cope
with violence, she teaches.
207
571219
2992
帮助并教其他女性处理暴力事件,
09:34
She told me, "I grew from this
experience because I was angry.
208
574235
3064
“我能从这段经历里成长,
是因为我很愤怒”,她说,
09:37
I was going to fight back against
what he tried to do to me
209
577323
2770
“我要反击并通过改变这个世界
09:40
by making a difference in the world.
210
580117
1746
来向他宣战。
09:41
See, he didn't kill me.
211
581887
2055
他没能杀了我。
09:43
My response to him is,
212
583966
1185
我想对他说,
09:45
'Whatever you meant to do to me,
screw you, you're not going to do it.'"
213
585175
4196
‘无论你怎样试图伤害我,
去你的,你就是不行。' "
09:50
These weavers are not living
an individualistic life,
214
590029
3373
这些织网者都不以
个人主义的方式生活,
09:53
they're living a relationist life,
they have a different set of values.
215
593426
3373
他们重视人际关系,
有一套不同的价值观。
09:56
They have moral motivations.
216
596823
1420
他们充满道德积极性。
09:58
They have vocational certitude,
they have planted themselves down.
217
598267
3128
他们愿意发声,
他们平易近人。
10:01
I met a guy in Youngstown, Ohio,
218
601419
1587
我曾在俄亥俄州的
扬斯敦遇见一个人,
他当时在镇中心
举着一块牌子,
10:03
who just held up a sign
in the town square,
219
603030
2031
上面写着:“捍卫扬斯敦”。
10:05
"Defend Youngstown."
220
605085
1151
10:06
They have radical mutuality,
221
606260
1873
他们有着超前的集体感,
10:08
and they are geniuses at relationship.
222
608157
2533
他们是人际关系方面天才。
10:11
There's a woman named Mary Gordon
223
611180
1675
有一位叫玛丽·戈登的女士
10:12
who runs something
called Roots of Empathy.
224
612879
2123
运营着“同理心种子计划”。
他们聚集一群八年级的孩子,
10:15
And what they do is they take
a bunch of kids, an eighth grade class,
225
615026
3265
10:18
they put a mom and an infant,
226
618315
1739
找到一对母婴,
10:20
and then the students have to guess
what the infant is thinking,
227
620078
3024
并让这些学生猜
婴儿在想些什么,
10:23
to teach empathy.
228
623126
1151
由此来培养他们的同理心。
10:24
There was one kid in a class
who was bigger than the rest
229
624301
3106
课上有一个孩子,
看起来比其他人都要大,
10:27
because he'd been held back,
been through the foster care system,
230
627431
3583
他留了几级并且
一直住在寄养家庭,
他亲眼目睹了他母亲被杀。
10:31
seen his mom get killed.
231
631038
1626
10:32
And he wanted to hold the baby.
232
632688
1881
他想要抱抱这个婴儿。
10:34
And the mom was nervous
because he looked big and scary.
233
634593
2635
那个妈妈有些紧张,因为男孩
人高马大,有些吓人。
10:37
But she let this kid,
Darren, hold the baby.
234
637252
2595
但她仍让这个名叫
达伦的男孩抱了婴儿。
10:39
He held it, and he was great with it.
235
639871
1849
他抱着小孩,做得特别棒。
10:43
He gave the baby back and started
asking questions about parenthood.
236
643014
3486
他把孩子递还给了妈妈,
开始问有关当父母的问题。
10:47
And his final question was,
237
647015
1929
他最后的问题是,
10:48
"If nobody has ever loved you,
do you think you can be a good father?"
238
648968
3301
“若从没有人爱过你,
你还可能成为一个好父亲吗?”
10:52
And so what Roots of Empathy does
239
652642
1667
这就是“同理心种子计划”的力量,
10:54
is they reach down and they grab
people out of the valley.
240
654333
2720
他们伸出援手,
将人拉出低谷。
10:57
And that's what weavers are doing.
241
657077
1853
这也是织网者所做的。
11:01
Some of them switch jobs.
242
661300
2187
他们中的一些人换了工作。
11:03
Some of them stay in their same jobs.
243
663950
2531
另一些会待在同一个岗位上。
11:06
But one thing is,
they have an intensity to them.
244
666982
2500
但他们都有着同样的热情。
11:09
I read this --
245
669982
1383
我正在读 --
11:11
E.O. Wilson wrote a great book
called "Naturalist," about his childhood.
246
671389
5987
E·O·威尔森写的一本关于
他童年的书,叫《自然主义者》。
11:17
When he was seven,
his parents were divorcing.
247
677712
2699
他七岁时,他的父母要离婚。
11:21
And they sent him
to Paradise Beach in North Florida.
248
681291
3167
他们把他送到
北佛罗里达的天堂滩。
11:24
And he'd never seen the ocean before.
249
684482
1836
他从未见过海洋。
11:26
And he'd never seen a jellyfish before.
250
686731
2331
没见过水母。
11:29
He wrote, "The creature was astonishing.
It existed beyond my imagination."
251
689086
4091
他写道: “这种生物太惊奇了。
它存在于我想象力之外”。
11:33
He was sitting on the dock one day
252
693596
1661
有天,他坐在码头上,
11:35
and he saw a stingray
float beneath his feet.
253
695281
2737
看到一条魟鱼在他脚下游过。
11:38
And at that moment, a naturalist was born
in the awe and wonder.
254
698365
4080
那一刻,在敬畏和惊奇中,
一个自然主义者诞生了。
11:42
And he makes this observation:
255
702469
2145
他发现,
11:44
that when you're a child,
256
704638
1217
当你是个孩子时,
11:45
you see animals at twice the size
as you do as an adult.
257
705879
3147
会把动物看作
大人眼中两倍大。
11:50
And that has always impressed me,
258
710162
1774
这打动了我,
11:51
because what we want as kids
is that moral intensity,
259
711960
4760
因为我们所需的正是
孩子所有的强烈道德感,
11:56
to be totally given ourselves
over to something
260
716744
2944
让我们完全臣服于某物,
11:59
and to find that level of vocation.
261
719712
2334
找到那种使命感。
12:02
And when you are around these weavers,
262
722480
1969
当你身边围绕着这些织网者时,
12:04
they see other people
at twice the size as normal people.
263
724473
2968
他们会将别人看作两倍大,
12:07
They see deeper into them.
264
727465
1733
他们看人更深,
12:09
And what they see is joy.
265
729997
2158
他们看到乐趣。
12:13
On the first mountain of our life,
when we're shooting for our career,
266
733315
3404
在人生第一座大山上,
我们的事业刚刚起步时,
12:16
we shoot for happiness.
267
736743
2159
我们追逐的是幸福感。
12:19
And happiness is good,
it's the expansion of self.
268
739649
3047
幸福感是不错,
它是自我的膨胀。
12:22
You win a victory,
269
742720
1746
你赢了一场战役,
12:24
you get a promotion,
your team wins the Super Bowl,
270
744490
3993
你升职了,你的队伍
赢得了超级碗,
12:28
you're happy.
271
748507
1150
你很开心。
12:30
Joy is not the expansion of self,
it's the dissolving of self.
272
750149
3721
但乐趣不是自我膨胀,
而是自我溶解。
12:34
It's the moment when the skin barrier
disappears between a mother and her child,
273
754764
4238
乐趣存在于母亲和她孩子
之间再无肌肤之隔时,
12:39
it's the moment when a naturalist
feels just free in nature.
274
759026
3309
乐趣会在一个自然主义者
在大自然中放飞自我时出现。
12:43
It's the moment where you're so lost
in your work or a cause,
275
763232
2945
当你完全沉浸在工作和事业中,
12:46
you have totally self-forgotten.
276
766201
2000
乐趣会在你忘乎自我时找到你。
12:48
And joy is a better thing
to aim for than happiness.
277
768649
2886
寻找乐趣比追逐幸福更好。
12:51
I collect passages of joy,
of people when they lose it.
278
771559
3041
我一直在收集人们
描写乐趣的文字。
12:54
One of my favorite is from Zadie Smith.
279
774624
2247
其中我最喜欢的是
扎迪·史密斯写的一段。
12:56
In 1999, she was in a London nightclub,
280
776895
3310
1999年,她在伦敦的一家夜店,
13:00
looking for her friends,
wondering where her handbag was.
281
780229
3095
她一边寻找她的的朋友,
一边在找自己的手袋。
13:03
And suddenly, as she writes,
282
783348
2103
她写道,“突然间,
13:05
"... a rail-thin man with enormous eyes
reached across a sea of bodies
283
785475
3322
一个有着大眼睛的精瘦男人
13:08
for my hand.
284
788821
1176
越过人海,向我伸出手。
13:10
He kept asking me the same thing
over and over, 'Are you feeling it?'
285
790021
3739
他一遍遍地问我同一个问题,
‘你感受到了吗?’
13:13
My ridiculous heels were killing me,
I was terrified that I might die,
286
793784
3849
我正受着高跟鞋的折磨,
担心着我的人身安全,
13:17
yet I felt simultaneously
overwhelmed with delight
287
797657
2448
但同时,我心中充满了喜悦,
13:20
that 'Can I Kick It?'
should happen to be playing
288
800129
2311
因为 ‘Can I Kick It?’ 这首歌
13:22
on this precise moment
in the history of the world
289
802464
2346
正好在人类历史的
这个特定时刻
13:24
on the sound system,
290
804834
1155
在这家夜店的音响中播出,
13:26
and it was now morphing
into 'Teen Spirit.'
291
806013
2128
现在,正慢慢渐进到
‘Teen Spirit’ 这首歌。
13:28
I took the man's hand,
the top of my head blew away,
292
808165
3158
我握住了那个男人的手,
我完全被震住了,
13:31
we danced, we danced,
we gave ourselves up to joy."
293
811347
3400
我们不停地跳着舞,无比快乐”。
13:35
And so what I'm trying to describe
is two different life mindsets.
294
815680
3806
所以说,我尝试描述的
是两种生活方式。
13:39
The first mountain mindset, which is about
individual happiness and career success.
295
819998
4468
第一种“登山模式”有关
个人幸福和事业成功。
13:44
And it's a good mindset,
I have nothing against it.
296
824490
2563
我不反对这种价值观,
因为它没什么问题。
13:47
But we're in a national valley,
297
827077
2294
但我们的国家正处在低谷中,
13:49
because we don't have
the other mindset to balance it.
298
829395
2833
正因为我们缺少另一种
生活方式来维持平衡。
13:52
We no longer feel good
about ourselves as a people,
299
832252
2563
我们不再为自己感到高兴,
13:54
we've lost our defining
faith in our future,
300
834839
2690
我们已失去了对未来的信念,
13:57
we don't see each other deeply,
we don't treat each other as well.
301
837553
3382
我们不再与人交往颇深,
我们不再友善地对待他人。
14:01
And we need a lot of changes.
302
841538
1991
我们急需改变。
14:03
We need an economic change
and environmental change.
303
843553
2706
我们需要经济和环境的改变。
14:06
But we also need a cultural
and relational revolution.
304
846902
2945
但我们同时也需要文化
和社会关系上的革命。
14:09
We need to name the language
of a recovered society.
305
849871
4270
我们需要一种语言来
描述这个正在恢复的社会。
14:14
And to me, the weavers
have found that language.
306
854553
2738
对我来说,织网者
找到了这一语言。
14:17
My theory of social change
is that society changes
307
857593
3101
我认为,社会改变在于
14:20
when a small group of people
find a better way to live,
308
860718
2645
一些人找到更好的生活方式,
14:23
and the rest of us copy them.
309
863387
1675
而其他人效仿。
14:25
And these weavers have found
a better way to live.
310
865765
2638
这些织网者已经找到了
一个更好的生活方式。
14:28
And you don't have to theorize about it.
311
868427
1953
你无须将它理论化。
14:30
They are out there as community builders
all around the country.
312
870404
3229
他们作为团体的建造者
遍布在这个国家的每个角落。
14:34
We just have to shift our lives a little,
313
874277
2277
我们只需稍微
改变一下自己的生活,
14:36
so we can say, "I'm a weaver,
we're a weaver."
314
876578
2731
这样我们就能说,
“我是一个织网者,我们都是织网者。”
14:39
And if we do that,
315
879999
1366
当我们都这样做时,
14:42
the hole inside ourselves gets filled,
316
882079
2349
我们内心的空虚将被填补,
14:44
but more important,
the social unity gets repaired.
317
884452
2825
更重要的是,
整个社会将被修复。
14:47
Thank you very much.
318
887301
1167
谢谢。
14:48
(Applause)
319
888492
4065
(掌声)
New videos
Original video on YouTube.com
关于本网站
这个网站将向你介绍对学习英语有用的YouTube视频。你将看到来自世界各地的一流教师教授的英语课程。双击每个视频页面上显示的英文字幕,即可从那里播放视频。字幕会随着视频的播放而同步滚动。如果你有任何意见或要求,请使用此联系表与我们联系。