Tom Osborn: A new way to help young people with their mental health | TED

翻译人员: li dongjin 校对人员: Helen Chang

Around the world and especially in low-resource countries

在资源贫乏的国家

like my home country of Kenya,

像我的故乡肯尼亚

mental health problems prevent young people

年轻人由于心理健康问题

from living independent and successful lives.

没办法进行独立正常的生活

I was born and raised in a small sugarcane farm.

我生长在一小片甘蔗地里

Some of my early memories are those of my younger brother and I

那时我和弟弟会在地里来回逛

walking around and pretending that we owned the sugarcane.

好像地是我们的

But most of these memories were actually from school.

但这些回忆实际上大都发生在学校里

My parents and especially my mother,

我父母，尤其是我的妈妈

made sure that I knew how much they'd sacrificed

告诉我为了能让我们接受教育

for me to have the education

他们做的努力

and the path to success that they did not.

为了给孩子提供他们不曾有的教育机会

They were very clear that the stakes were too high.

他们明白其中的风险

There was no room for disappointment.

所以不允许失望

There was no room for failure.

也不允许失败

When I was 12,

当我12岁时

I moved to the boarding section of a local primary school.

我转到当地小学的寄宿部

Here we will wake up at 4am to a set of math problems

早上4点便起床做数学题

that we had to solve before breakfast.

要赶在早饭前完成

We'd only go to bed, sometimes after 11,

晚上经常到11点后才睡觉

if we solved that night's science problems.

前提是讨论完当晚的科学题

In high school, the pressure was even higher.

到了高中压力更大

The early-morning to late-night routines

经常从早学到晚

were now supplemented by Saturday and Sunday classes.

甚至周六日也不放过

It was here in high school

直到上高中

where I began to notice the personal,

我开始注意到我个人情绪化和行为

emotional and behavioral toll that this pressure-cooker system

在高压系统下

had exerted of myself and those around me.

已经影响自己和周围的人

I noticed it, for example,

例如我发现

when tired of cramming the production of sulfuric acid,

我厌烦了死记硬背硫酸类的化学名称

I stopped taking notes or engaging with chemistry in 10th grade.

在我高一的时候 便不再专注学习化学或记笔记

I noticed it when my friend Onsongo

我注意到我的朋友Onsongo

tired that his life had been reduced to a letter grade,

厌烦了他的生活，过得越来越糟糕

had enough and quit school.

受够了学校的生活选择了退学

I noticed it when a schoolmate, whom I will call Otieno,

我注意到我的同学Otieno

took his own life.

选择了自杀

But all this time,

但一直以来

all this time, what came to mind was that this was life.

一直以来，我想到的是 这就是生活

Life was trouble sleeping or sleeping too much.

生活就是要么睡不着 要么睡得太多

Life was little interest or pleasure in doing the things that gave you joy.

生活就是做一点有意思 或者让人愉悦的事情

就会让人感觉到快乐

Life was constantly feeling down,

生活也是不断感到压抑

crushing under the weight of the feelings of hopelessness.

在失望的深渊中经受折磨

That was life.

这就是生活

It was only recently, some five years after high school,

在高中毕业五年以后

that I began to realize that what we thought was life

偶然间我不经意地意识到 那些我们对于生活的想法

could have, in fact, been mental health problems.

事实上也许是我们的心理出了问题

Was it possible that we were struggling with depression and anxiety

我们在压力和焦虑之中挣扎

and just didn't know about it?

却对此一无所知

That, in fact, was the case.

这事实上才是真正的问题

Studies now show that almost 50 percent of Kenyan adolescents

研究显示几乎一半的肯尼亚成人

struggle with mental health problems.

面临着心理健康问题

And in such a youthful country,

在这样一个年轻的国家

where half the population is 19 years or younger,

当一半的人口是19岁 甚至是更年轻的群体

youth mental health has now become an urgent public health priority.

年轻人的心理健康已经成为 亟待解决的健康事项

Over the past few years,

在过去的几年中

I've been working to turn this public health problem

我一直在致力于把这种公众健康问题

into an opportunity for young people

转变为一个可以让年轻人

to reimagine and redefine what mental health care could look like.

重新认识和理解 如何关注心理健康的一个机会

We're doing this by tackling the three big issues

我们致力于研究

阻碍年轻人得到帮助的三大困境

that prevent young people from getting help.

One, the lack of mental health experts.

其一，缺少心理健康方面的专家

Two, the stigma around mental health.

其二，心理健康的羞耻感

And three, the sad reality that most mental health treatments

其三，令人悲哀的现实 是大多数心理健康治疗

were not built and designed for young people

并没有专门针对年轻人设计

who look like me and have my background.

像我这种情况或者跟我情况相似的人

Because we have only two clinicians for every one million Kenyans,

因为每一百万肯尼亚人 才有两个专业医师

and two -- yes, only two --

两个，是的，只有两个

child and adolescent psychiatrist in the whole country,

孩童以及成年人精神学家在整个国家

we are expanding mental health care access by training [18- to 22-year-old] Kenyans

我们正在通过培训18到22岁肯尼亚人

as lay providers.

作为志愿者的形式来宣传心理健康

These young Kenyans are delivering evidence-based care to their peers

这些年轻的肯尼亚人向他们的同龄人 传递了很多关注心理健康的方法

through a structured and tiered model

通过一个有组织的、有等级的模型

that ensures that all young people who want can get help.

确保所有想要寻求帮助的年轻人 都能得到帮助

Because of a stigma of mental health

因为心理健康的羞耻感

that still exists from Kenya's colonial past,

从过去肯尼亚的殖民历史存在至今

we are delivering interventions

我们给出一些调解措施

without a formal diagnosis of mental health,

在没有心理健康正式诊断的情况下

and our interventions focus on building character strengths,

并且我们的调解 主要基于增强个人的性格力量

on strengthening individual autonomy

增强个人自主管理的能力

and on improving overall human functioning and well-being.

并且提高个人情绪管理和幸福感的水平

Because our lay providers work within the communities

因为我们的志愿者们主要服务

where they come from,

于他们所处的环境

in the school systems that they themselves went to

在学校的系统中 他们真正的服务于那些年轻人

and deliver what is truly a for-youth and by-youth mental health care treatment,

以及适合年轻人的心理健康治愈方法

we are fixing the divide between mental health treatment

我们正在缩小心理健康治疗 和社会文化需求之间的差距

and the social and cultural needs of the communities that they serve.

通过志愿者们 为他们所在的群体提供服务

Since 2018, we have used this youth-based model

自从2018年 我们已经使用了年轻人模型

to bring mental health care across Kenya.

来为肯尼亚人提供心理健康治疗

And what we have found is that this model works.

并且我们发现这个模型已经起了作用

Young people are reporting reductions in depression and anxiety symptoms.

年轻人们压抑和焦虑的症状 得到了很大的缓解

They’re reporting improvements in their social relationships

他们的社交能力得到了很大的提升

and in their views about their abilities to change the world.

在他们看来 他们也有了改变这个世界的能力

And in what will make my mom happy,

并且令我母亲高兴的是

they are also reporting improvements in their academic grades.

他们的学业成绩也得到了提高

Mental health is not a Kenyan problem.

心理健康并不是一个 专属于肯尼亚的问题

It is not an African problem.

也不是非洲的问题

This is a global problem.

这是一个世界问题

We need big ideas to tackle this problem.

我们需要共同关注这个问题

And our case for optimism is that our youth-oriented,

我们的情况乐观 因为我们基于年轻人的研究方向

community-focused model can be a template for the rest of the world.

基于交流的模型 也可以成为其他国家参考的案例

One other early memory from childhood

在我童年时

is a story that my grandmother, Yunita, told me.

我的祖母 Yunita 曾经 给我讲过这样一个故事

A long time ago, before the sugarcane farms,

很久以前，在甘蔗农场形成以前

before the grass-thatched huts and the round compounds,

在茅草屋搭成以前，人类世界形成以前

the animals lived happily because there was plenty in the land

动物们生活的自由自在 因为他们的生活空间充足

and a future to look forward to.

并且未来充满希望

But farming threatened the land,

但是农场占据了土地

and the future was all of a sudden bleak.

未来突然变得毫无希望

And so the lion roared.

所以雄狮怒吼

But there was no water.

水源枯竭

And the elephant grunted.

大象哼叫

But there was no water.

没有水

And the cheetah yelped,

猎豹吼叫

but there was no water.

没有水

But when the young antelope asked them to come together

但是当年轻的羚羊让伙伴们聚集到一起

and build a well, there was water.

凿了个井

有了水

There was a future.

有了未来

There was hope.

有了希望

This is our young antelope moment.

现在是我们年轻羚羊们的机会

Let us come together and let us build a world

让我们聚集起来，创造一个新世界

where all young people, all over the world can flourish and thrive.

来自世界各地的年轻人 都能繁衍存续下去

Thank you.

谢谢

(Applause)

（掌声）