Tom Osborn: A new way to help young people with their mental health | TED

Translator: Rian Saputra Reviewer: Karina Prabowo

Around the world and especially in low-resource countries

Seluruh dunia, dan terutama kota yang rendah sumber daya

like my home country of Kenya,

seperti negara asalku, Kenya,

mental health problems prevent young people

masalah kesehatan mental mencegah pemuda

from living independent and successful lives.

dari hidup mandiri dan sukses.

I was born and raised in a small sugarcane farm.

Aku lahir dan besar di area kecil perkebunan tebu.

Some of my early memories are those of my younger brother and I

Beberapa kenangan masa laluku, ketika aku dan adikku

walking around and pretending that we owned the sugarcane.

berkeliling dan pura-pura menjadi pemilik tebu.

But most of these memories were actually from school.

Tapi, semua kenangan itu saat kami masih sekolah.

My parents and especially my mother,

Orang tuaku, terutama ibuku,

made sure that I knew how much they'd sacrificed

Memastikanku tahu mereka banyak berkorban

for me to have the education

agar aku mendapatkan pendidikan

and the path to success that they did not.

dan jalan kesuksesan yang tidak mereka dapatkan.

They were very clear that the stakes were too high.

Mereka tahu rintangannya sulit.

There was no room for disappointment.

Tidak ada ruang untuk kecewa.

There was no room for failure.

Tidak ada ruang untuk kegagalan.

When I was 12,

Ketika aku berumur 12,

I moved to the boarding section of a local primary school.

aku pindah tempat ke sekolah dasar asrama lokal.

Here we will wake up at 4am to a set of math problems

Di sana, kami bangun jam 4 pagi untuk mengerjakan soal matematika

that we had to solve before breakfast.

yang harus selesai sebelum sarapan pagi.

We'd only go to bed, sometimes after 11,

Kami hanya boleh tidur setelah jam 11,

if we solved that night's science problems.

jika kita menyelesaikan pertanyaan dari ilmu sains.

In high school, the pressure was even higher.

Di SMA, tekanan semakin berat

The early-morning to late-night routines

Kegiatan pada awal pagi hingga larut malam

were now supplemented by Saturday and Sunday classes.

kini ditambah kelas hari Sabtu dan Minggu.

It was here in high school

Itu saat SMA

where I began to notice the personal,

ketika aku mulai tahu kepribadian,

emotional and behavioral toll that this pressure-cooker system

emosi dan perilaku dari sistem tekanan ini

had exerted of myself and those around me.

memaksaku dan orang-orang sekitarku.

I noticed it, for example,

Aku sadar, contohnya,

when tired of cramming the production of sulfuric acid,

saat capek memadatkan produksi asam sulfur,

I stopped taking notes or engaging with chemistry in 10th grade.

aku berhenti mencatat atau sibuk dengan kimia kelas 10.

I noticed it when my friend Onsongo

Aku sadar ketika temanku, Onsongo

tired that his life had been reduced to a letter grade,

capek akan hidupnya yang telah menurunkan nilainya satu tingkat,

had enough and quit school.

merasa lelah dan keluar sekolah.

I noticed it when a schoolmate, whom I will call Otieno,

Aku sadar ketika temanku, yang kupanggil Otieno,

took his own life.

mengakhiri hidupnya.

But all this time,

Tapi selama ini,

all this time, what came to mind was that this was life.

selama ini, yang ada di pikiran adalah: inilah hidup.

Life was trouble sleeping or sleeping too much.

Hidup adalah kesulitan tidur atau tidur berlebihan.

Life was little interest or pleasure in doing the things that gave you joy.

Hidup adalah sedikit menarik atau senang saat melakukan hal yang disukai.

Life was constantly feeling down,

Hidup seakan jatuh,

crushing under the weight of the feelings of hopelessness.

terbebani rasa putus asa.

That was life.

Itulah hidup.

It was only recently, some five years after high school,

Itu hanya sesaat, sekitar 5 tahun setelah SMA,

that I began to realize that what we thought was life

saat itu aku sadar, apa yang kita anggap sebagai hidup

could have, in fact, been mental health problems.

nyatanya, tentang masalah kesehatan mental.

Was it possible that we were struggling with depression and anxiety

Apakah mungkin kita berjuang dari depresi dan rasa khawatir

and just didn't know about it?

dan tidak tau akan hal itu?

That, in fact, was the case.

Itu lah masalahnya.

Studies now show that almost 50 percent of Kenyan adolescents

Studi menunjukkan bahwa hampir 50% remaja di Kenya

struggle with mental health problems.

berjuang dari masalah kesehatan mental.

And in such a youthful country,

Dan di kota yang banyak pemuda,

where half the population is 19 years or younger,

di mana separuh populasi berusia 19 tahun atau lebih muda,

youth mental health has now become an urgent public health priority.

masalah kesehatan mental sekarang menjadi prioritas kesehatan publik.

Over the past few years,

Beberapa tahun terakhir,

I've been working to turn this public health problem

aku berusaha mengubah masalah kesehatan publik ini

into an opportunity for young people

menjadi kesempatan bagi pemuda

to reimagine and redefine what mental health care could look like.

untuk mengubah pengertian dari bagaimana penanganan kesehatan mental.

We're doing this by tackling the three big issues

Kami melakukannya dengan mengatasi 3 isu terbesar

that prevent young people from getting help.

yang mencegah pemuda dari mendapatkan bantuan.

One, the lack of mental health experts.

Pertama, kurangnya ahli di kesehatan mental.

Two, the stigma around mental health.

Kedua, stigma tentang kesehatan mental.

And three, the sad reality that most mental health treatments

Dan ketiga, sedihnya realita dari penanganan kesehatan mental

were not built and designed for young people

yang tidak terbangun dan didesain bagi pemuda

who look like me and have my background.

seperti aku dan punya latar belakang sepertiku.

Because we have only two clinicians for every one million Kenyans,

Karena kami hanya punya dua dokter untuk satu juta orang Kenya,

and two -- yes, only two --

dan dua - ya, hanya dua -

child and adolescent psychiatrist in the whole country,

psikiater anak dan remaja di seluruh Kenya.

we are expanding mental health care access by training [18- to 22-year-old] Kenyans

Kami perluas akses kesehatan mental dengan melatih pemuda Kenya umur 18-20

as lay providers.

sebagai penyedia pertama.

These young Kenyans are delivering evidence-based care to their peers

Para pemuda Kenya memberikan pelayanan berbasis bukti ke rekan mereka

through a structured and tiered model

lewat model deret terstruktur

that ensures that all young people who want can get help.

yang memastikan semua pemuda yang ingin penanganan akan mendapatkannya.

Because of a stigma of mental health

Karena stigma kesehatan mental

that still exists from Kenya's colonial past,

yang masih ada sejak masa koloni Kenya,

we are delivering interventions

kita menyalurkan intervensi

without a formal diagnosis of mental health,

tanpa diagnosis formal dari kesehatan mental,

and our interventions focus on building character strengths,

dan intervensi kita fokus pada pembentukan kekuatan karakter,

on strengthening individual autonomy

di penguatan otonomi sendiri

and on improving overall human functioning and well-being.

dan meningkatkan seluruh fungsi kemanusiaan dan kesejahteraan.

Because our lay providers work within the communities

Karena penyedia awam kami bekerja di dalam komunitas

where they come from,

di tempat asal mereka,

in the school systems that they themselves went to

Di sistem sekolah yang mereka dapatkan dulu

and deliver what is truly a for-youth and by-youth mental health care treatment,

dan memberitahu perawatan kesehatan mental untuk pemuda dan dari pemuda.

we are fixing the divide between mental health treatment

Kita membenahi pembagian perawatan kesehatan mental

and the social and cultural needs of the communities that they serve.

dan kebutuhan sosial serta budaya oleh komunitas yang dilayani.

Since 2018, we have used this youth-based model

Sejak 2018, kami sudah menggunakan model berbasis pemuda ini

to bring mental health care across Kenya.

untuk membawa kesehatan mental di Kenya.

And what we have found is that this model works.

Dan apa yang kita temukan adalah model ini berhasil.

Young people are reporting reductions in depression and anxiety symptoms.

Pemuda melaporkan penurunan tanda depresi dan rasa khawatir.

They’re reporting improvements in their social relationships

Mereka melaporkan peningkatan di hubungan sosial

and in their views about their abilities to change the world.

dan pandangan mereka tentang kemampuan mengubah dunia.

And in what will make my mom happy,

Dan yang akan membuat ibuku bahagia,

they are also reporting improvements in their academic grades.

mereka juga melaporkan adanya peningkatan pada nilai akademik mereka.

Mental health is not a Kenyan problem.

Kesehatan mental bukan masalah orang Kenya.

It is not an African problem.

Itu bukan masalah orang Afrika.

This is a global problem.

Ini masalah dunia.

We need big ideas to tackle this problem.

Kita perlu ide besar untuk mengatasi masalah ini.

And our case for optimism is that our youth-oriented,

Dan kasus kita untuk optimisme adalah orientasi pemuda kita,

community-focused model can be a template for the rest of the world.

model yang berfokus pada komunitas bisa menjadi pola untuk seluruh dunia.

One other early memory from childhood

Salah satu memori awal ketika masih kecil

is a story that my grandmother, Yunita, told me.

adalah cerita yang nenekku, Yunita, ceritakan padaku.

A long time ago, before the sugarcane farms,

Dulu, sebelum kebun tebu,

before the grass-thatched huts and the round compounds,

sebelum gubuk rumput jerami dan sekitarnya menyatu,

the animals lived happily because there was plenty in the land

hewan hidup bahagia karena semua tersedia di alam

and a future to look forward to.

dan punya masa depan yang mereka harapkan.

But farming threatened the land,

Tetapi bertani mengancam lahan,

and the future was all of a sudden bleak.

dan masa depan tiba-tiba suram.

And so the lion roared.

Dan singa mengaum.

But there was no water.

Tapi tidak ada air di sana.

And the elephant grunted.

Dan gajah mendengus.

But there was no water.

Tapi tidak ada air di sana.

And the cheetah yelped,

Dan citah mendengking,

but there was no water.

Tapi tidak ada air di sana.

But when the young antelope asked them to come together

Terapi ketika kijang muda meminta ke mereka untuk datang bersama

and build a well, there was water.

dan membangun sumur, barulah ada air.

There was a future.

Ada masa depan di sana.

There was hope.

Ada harapan.

This is our young antelope moment.

Inilah momen kijang muda kita.

Let us come together and let us build a world

Mari kita bersama dan mari membangun dunia

where all young people, all over the world can flourish and thrive.

di mana semua pemuda di seluruh dunia bisa terus berkembang.

Thank you.

Terima kasih.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)