What happens in your throat when you beatbox? | Tom Thum and Matthew Broadhurst

翻译人员: mingli wen 校对人员: Yolanda Zhang

(Beatboxing) Yo, what up?

（节奏口技）嘿，怎么样？

My name is Tom Thum,

我叫汤姆·桑，

and I've got to say it's a pleasure to be back at TEDx.

很高兴再次来到TEDx。

When I first stepped upon the Sydney stage in 2013

作为一个来自布里斯班的 充满幻想的男孩，

我在2013年第一次走上悉尼的舞台时，

as a starry-eyed boy from Brisbane,

I had no idea that I was about to deliver the most watched TEDx presentation ever.

根本没想到将要做 有史以来最多人观看的TEDx演讲。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

（掌声）

(Applause)

But you know, I was stoked because it was completely unexpected.

我很激动, 因为这完全出乎意料。

However, standing before you today

但是，今天站在你们面前

as a slightly inflated, time-battered version of myself five years later,

是五年后的我，受了时间的洗礼， 稍微长胖了一点，

我非常有信心。

I'm very confident.

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Confident that I'm about deliver

我有信心会发表一个

the most instantly switched off and walked-out-on,

史上最迅速被关掉和最多半途离席的，

让人恶心的演讲。

vomit-inducing talk of all time.

I'm about to show you things

接下来，我准备给你们看一些东西，

that I think you'll find hard to unsee,

让你们很难视而不见，

but all in the name of science.

但都是以科学的名义。

First, for those unfamiliar with what I do,

首先，对于那些不熟悉我工作的人，

I guess if you distilled it right down to its essence,

如果想简单归结成一句话，

you would call me a beatboxer.

你可以说我是个节奏口技表演者。

(Beatboxing) Yo, for example ...

（节奏口技）哟，比如说⋯⋯

here's a sample:

这是一个示范：

(Beatboxing)

（节奏口技）

(Rhythm changes)

（转换节奏）

(Hums a tune)

（哼出旋律）

(Applause and cheers)

（掌声及喝采）

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）

And being a beatboxer,

而作为节奏口技表演者，

it means that professionally,

就我的专业来说，

I am 100 percent reliant on the --

我百分百倚靠着——

(Beatboxing) flexibility of the unfiltered human voice.

（节奏口技）未经过滤的人声的灵活性。

And for years, my contemporaries and I have been fielding questions like,

多年来，我和同行 一直在回答这样的问题：

"Oh my God, that's so cool.

“哇，天哪，太酷了。

When did you figure out you could do that?"

你是何时发现自己有这种技能的？ ”

After I practiced for thousands and thousands of hours --

在我练习了成千上万个小时之后——

(Laughter)

（笑声）

"And what do you do for a real job?"

“你是做什么工作的？ ”

"I'm a full-time beatboxer, Your Honor."

“阁下，我是一名全职的节奏口技表演者。 ”

But there is one question that I get quite a lot

但我常常遇到的

that's a little bit more difficult to answer,

一个比较难回答的问题，

and that is how are you doing it --

就是，你是如何做到的——

how are you making those noises?

你如何发出这些声音？

And I mean, I know muscle memory dictates where I position my lips

事实上，我懂得肌肉记忆 指示我该如何调整嘴唇位置，

in order to --

为了做到——

（节奏口技）

(Beatboxing)

but I have no idea about the inner mechanics of everything.

可是我对一切的内在机制一无所知。

You know, all the flappy bits and kind of dangly things

也就是，那些飞扬的和悬荡的部分

and how they interact in --

以及它们是如何相互作用的——

(Laughter)

（笑声）

in a way that allows me to --

让我能够做到——

(Beatboxing)

（节奏口技）

To put it metaphorically,

打比方说，

I know how to drive,

我会开车，

I just don't know what's under the hood.

我只是不知道引擎盖下面是什么。

So I decided to find out

所以我決定找出答案，

and invite 5,000 captive strangers,

并邀请5000位陌生人，

a few uncomfortable cameras,

一些让人不适的摄像头，

everybody watching online and their browser history

每个人都在网上观看， 他们的浏览器历史

into a place where not even the most intimate of encounters have been ...

进入了一个最亲密接触 也无法涉足的地方...

my throat.

我的喉咙。

And to help me do that,

为了帮助我做到这一点，

I'd like to introduce to the stage a very specialist guest

我要为大家介紹一个十分专业的嘉宾，

from the Queensland Voice Center,

他来自昆士兰语音中心，

这男士接触我嘴巴的次数 比我愿意承认的还要多，

a man that's been in my mouth more times than I'd care to admit,

a legend of the larynx,

喉的传奇，

ENT doctor and laryngeal surgeon,

耳鼻喉科医生，

马修·布罗德赫斯特。

Matthew Broadhurst.

(Applause and cheers)

（掌声和欢呼）

MB: Thank you, Tom, thank you.

马修：多谢你，汤姆，多谢你。

And a very good evening everyone.

大家晚上好。

It is a pleasure to be here on the TEDx stage tonight.

今晚，我很荣幸可以来到TEDx的台上。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Whoo.

喔。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

TT: He's not warming up his hands.

汤姆：他不是在暖手。

It doesn't get that intimate.

没有那么亲密。

MB: We set out a little while ago to try to go deep into the world --

马修：我们提前准备了一下， 好能深入一个世界——

and the throat --

也就是喉咙——

of this beatboxer extraordinaire

这位杰出口技表演者的喉咙，

to try to understand how such a vast array of sounds are humanly possible.

试图理解人类是如何发出如此多的声音。

And what we found --

我们发现——

these are going in the mouth by the way --

顺便说一下，我的手 待会儿要深入喉咙——

and what we found was something absolutely amazing.

我们发现了非常了不起的东西。

Even after my two years of laryngeal surgery

即使是我在哈佛医学院

in Harvard Medical School

与世界著名教授

with world-renowned professor Steven Zeitels,

史提芬泽·特尔斯一起 做了两年的喉部手术，

we never saw anything as extraordinary or fascinating as this,

我们也从来没见过 如此非凡和迷人的东西，

这也是我们今天晚上 将要展示给你们看的。

and that's what we're going to show you tonight.

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Alright, so for those of you who might be a little squeamish,

对于那些可能有些敏感的，

the next 10 minutes or so will get incrementally more graphic

接下来的十分钟左右， 会出现令人不适的图像，

and stomach-churning,

且让人反胃，

so let's get into it --

我们开始吧——

TT: Feel free to use the bucket.

汤姆：请随意使用水桶。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

MB: So when we make sound,

马修：当我们发声时，

我们用声带从肺部吸气，

we use the vocal cords to take air from the lungs

and then turn it into a vibrating air column in the throat.

然后在喉咙里转变成振动的气柱。

If you think of it like a trumpet,

如果你把它想象成小号，

we've got the mouthpiece -- that's the vocal folds --

乐器的吹口—— 那是声带——

and then the horn section is the throat.

然后铜管就是喉咙。

If we took your head off,

假如我们把你的头砍掉，

took a bit of your neck off

把你的脖子割掉一点

and left you as a torso with just your vocal folds vibrating,

让你的躯干只有声带在振动，

this is what you'd sound like.

这就是你的声音。

(Flatulent sound)

（浮夸的声音）

汤姆：（高音调）

TT: (High pitch)

马修：很难沟通，但是 幸运的是我们有喉咙。

MB: Pretty hard to communicate, but fortunately we've got a throat.

我们拥有所有的软组织，

We've got all the soft tissues,

给了你所有不可思议的声音动力学，

and that actually gives you all the incredible dynamics of sound

that you'll hear tonight.

也是今天晚上你将会听到的。

Now, this is a rigid laryngoscope.

这是个坚硬的喉镜。

TT: Hmm, spicy boy.

汤姆：嗯，不好搞啊。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

MB: I know, I know.

马修：我知道，我知道。

(Laughter)

10 millimeters in diameter,

直径10 毫米，

它提供了我们能得到的 最高分辨率的喉咙图像。

it gives us the highest resolution image of the larynx we can get.

And we teed up with a stroboscope here

在这里，我们还会同时使用频闪观察仪

and a trigger microphone.

以及触发传声器。

The mic will pick up the frequency

传声器会接收频率，

and that will allow us to show you how this all works.

这帮助我们能够展示 所有部分的工作原理。

So, if we can have the lights down?

我们是否可以把现场的灯调暗？

TT: (Low pitch)

汤姆：（低音调）

MB: Turn the light on here.

马修：打开这里的灯。

TT: (High and low pitches)

汤姆：（高音和低音）

MB: So I've got the frequency of sound matched with the stroboscope.

马修：我已经把频闪观察仪的 声音频率配好了。

That's the light you're seeing flickering in the cup.

就是你看到的在杯子里闪烁的光。

TT: (Low pitch)

汤姆：（低音）

MB: And that's at about 80 hertz or so.

马修：大约80赫兹。

So what we can do then is we can take that

我们等下要做的就是利用它

and put the phase of the strobe and the sound just out of sync.

再让频闪仪的相位和声音不同步。

That lets us capture real-time, slow-motion activity of vibrating tissues.

这让我们能够实时捕捉到 振动组织的慢动作活动。

When we apply that to the larynx,

当我们把这应用到喉部时，

we get this fluid, slow-motion of the vibrating vocal folds.

就得到了这种振动声带流畅的慢动作。

So that's what we're going to get on and do.

这就是我们接下来要做的。

Alright, you ready?

你准备好了吗？

TT: Yup.

汤姆：对。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

MB: OK, so here we go.

马修：好的，那么我们开始。

We're going to have a look at the voice box.

我们马上要查看这音箱。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

It's very hard not to gag with this.

很难忍着不呕吐。

Say, "e."

说，“e。”

TT: (Singing) E --

汤姆：（唱）E——

马修：在底部你可以看到声带，

MB: So down the bottom you see the vocal cords,

the little cord-like structures.

小小带状的结构。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And now just look at the skin on the neck

现在看看颈上的皮肤，

and you'll see how strong the light is to penetrate the skin.

你能看见光线强度足够穿透皮肤。

Alright, so if you'll have the lights back on?

能把灯打开吗？

(Laughter)

（笑声）

（掌声）

(Applause)

Alright, so just give us a comfortable "e."

好，给我们一个舒服的“e。”

TT: (Singing) E.

汤姆：（唱）E。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

TT: (Singing) E.

汤姆：（唱）E。

(Audience gasps)

（观众的惊叹声）

MB: So that's the vibrating vocal folds;

马修：这就是振动的声带；

about 120 hertz.

大约120赫兹。

Means they've collided 120 times a second

这意味着它们一秒钟撞击120次，

just to make that sound.

才能发出这种声音。

And we can also see that they're absolutely, perfectly normal.

我们可以看到它们是非常正常的。

So all his beatboxing, all those sounds for years

所以他所有的口技表演，

with Tom's way of doing it --

这些年用汤姆的 表演方式表现的声音——

absolutely no damage whatsoever.

绝对没有造成任何损坏。

That's really remarkable.

真的很了不起。

Well done.

做得很好。

OK.

好了。

汤姆：（高音）

TT: (High pitch)

We've got this.

我们做到了。

MB: So watch now as the vocal cords go from high pitch to low pitch.

马修：现在我们来看看 声带从高音到低音的变化。

You'll see them go from long and skinny to short and fat.

你会看到它们从长而细变成短而肥。

Really think "e."

发E的声音。

TT: (High to low pitch) E.

汤姆：（高音到低音）E。

MB: Right.

马修：对。

TT: (High to low pitch) E.

汤姆：（高音到低音）E。

MB: And what you can see is that his vocal range is so extreme --

马修：可以看到他的音域很广——

much more extreme than any other performer I've worked with --

比我共事过的任何 一个表演者都要广——

the machine actually can't capture the really high pitches.

这台机器实际上 无法捕捉到真正的高音。

TT: (High pitch)

汤姆：（高音）

MB: So we know that whistle register is somewhere around 2,092 hertz.

马修：我们知道 口哨大约有2092赫兹。

That means the vocal cords,

这意味着声带

well over 2,000 times a second,

每秒振动超过2000次，

are banging together just to make that sound.

互相撞击发出高音。

That's really extraordinary.

太令人惊叹了。

If you think about them, they're only 15 millimeters long,

如果你仔细想想，它们只有15毫米长，

仅相当于拇指的宽度。

so that's barely the width of your thumb.

That's incred --

真是难以——

(Laughter)

（笑声）

That's amazing this organ can do such a thing.

这个器官能做这样的事情真是太神奇了。

So now we're going to swap over to the flexible laryngoscope.

那么我们现在换用柔性喉镜。

This is a little more graphic.

观察会更直观一些。

TT: He bought it at SEXPO.

汤姆：这是他在SEXPO买的。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

MB: That wasn't in the script.

马修：剧本里面没有这句。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

(Applause)

（掌声）

TT: Secondhand.

汤姆：还是二手的。

(Laughter)

（掌声）

MB: Now, we've had to time this bit perfectly

马修：现在，我们必须精确地计时，

because of the requirement for local anesthetic.

因为需要局部麻醉。

You've got to numb the nose, get the camera in.

要把鼻子麻醉，让摄像头进去。

It doesn't help for producing a lot of the sounds,

这不能帮助产生很多声音，

but it gives us a really cool view of what's happening.

但它让我们对正在发生的事情 有一个震撼的视野。

So hold onto the stomachs, and let's see what we can do.

准备好了，看看我们能发现什么。

（观众的惊叹声）

(Audience gasps)

So we're going to the back of the nose.

我们要到鼻子后面。

And there you can see the soft palate.

在这里你可以看到软腭。

A lot of the sounds we make from day to day,

我们每天从这里发出大量的声音，

even the simple ones,

即使是最简单的，

are incredibly complex.

也非常复杂。

The sound "kh" for example.

拿声音“kh”举个例子。

It's the soft palate sealing up precisely against the back of the nose.

这是软腭闭合，正好靠在鼻子后面。

So if you say it loudly five times,

可以试着大声说五遍，

feel your own soft palate snapping against the back of the throat.

感受自己的软腭猛击喉咙后部。

Kh, kh, kh, kh, kh, kh.

Kh，kh，kh，kh，kh，kh。

Alright, so this is what it looks like when Tom does it.

好，这就是汤姆发音时呈现的状况。

TT: Kh, kh, kh, kh, kh.

汤姆：Kh，kh，kh，kh，kh。

A cacophony of cackling kookaburras and cockatoos in Kakadu

（很多k音的绕口令） 卡卡杜笑翠鸟和凤头鹦鹉的刺耳叫声

couldn't quite quit ketamine.

不能完全戒掉氧胺酮。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

(Applause)

（掌声）

MB: Alright, now in the beatboxing world,

马修：实际上，在口技世界里，

of course, they can use that for all sorts of different effects.

我们可以用它实现各种不同的效果。

I can help you.

我可以帮你。

TT: This is fine, we're professionals.

汤姆：没关系，我们很专业的。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

(Beatboxing)

（口技）

MB: Alright.

马修：很好。

(Applause and cheers)

（掌声和欢呼声）

Now we're going to slide down a little further.

现在我们再向下滑一点。

If you'll just have the lights off

请把灯关掉，

and just see if you can see the light in the mouth somewhere.

看看你们能否看见光在嘴巴的某个地方。

You'll be able to see exactly where the camera is at.

应该可以看到摄像头的确切位置。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

TT: (Singing)

汤姆：（唱）

Surprise.

惊喜。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

MB: Alright.

马修：好的。

(Audience gasps)

（观众的惊叹声）

So what you can see there, that's the base of the tongue.

你们在这里看到的是舌头的底部。

The side walls of the screen,

屏幕的侧壁，

that's the pharynx.

是咽喉。

All muscle walls,

所有肌肉壁,

and in the deep, dark decks is the larynx.

在黑暗的深处是喉。

TT: Oh, should we have the lights back on?

汤姆：可以把灯打开吗？

I think it's a good idea.

我认为这是个好主意。

It's getting a bit creepy with them off.

灯关掉时，有点吓人。

MB: Turn the lights on, thanks.

马修：把灯打开，谢谢。

很好。

Good.

目前，我检查了超过15000多个喉咙，

Now having examined over 15,000 larynxes and throats in my time,

I can tell you that Tom's is as anatomically normal

我可以告诉你们汤姆的喉咙 在解剖学上是正常的，

as anyone else's.

与所有人一样。

只是他对所有肌肉和 软组织的巧妙利用

It's just his unique use of all the muscles and soft tissues

which lets him do all these amazing sounds that you're going to hear.

这使得他能发出所有 你们将会听到的美妙声音。

So we will dissect some of these sounds for you now.

现在我们来分析一下这些声音。

TT: It's in there really. Definitely.

汤姆：真的在里面，我能感觉到。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

OK.

好。

(High-pitched sounds)

（高音）

(High-pitched sounds)

（高音）

(Hooting)

（颤音）

MB: So what he's doing is he's changing the shape

马修：他在改变空气柱的形状

and the length of the vibrating air column

以及振动的时间长度，

using rhythmic contractions of all the muscles

使所有肌肉有节奏的收缩

to generate all those sounds that you're hearing.

产生所有你们听到的声音。

(Beatboxing)

（表演节奏口技）

（笑声）

(Laughter)

(Low pitch)

（低音）

MB: And now there's rhythmic movements of the --

马修：现在，有节奏的运动——

they're the arytenoid cartilages way down there,

它们是下面的杓状软骨，

rocking back and forth to create that different sound.

前后摇摆创造出不同的声音。

TT: (Low pitch)

汤姆：（低音）

MB: And we like to call this "sphincter bass."

马修：我们喜欢叫它“括约肌贝斯“。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And what you can see is that collapsing all the tissue down --

你看到的是把所有的组织都压塌了——

(Laughter)

（笑声）

allows a different kind of really deep bass note.

产生不同类型的低音。

Alright, so with local anesthetic on board,

好了，局部麻醉后，

a big black hose in the nose,

鼻子里一根大黑管，

we're going to let loose a sliver of his repertoire

我们要把他的全部才能发挥出来，

来看看他的表演。

and see all this in play.

And we'll move --

我们挪动一下－

careful.

小心。

TT: Can you pull it up just a smidgeon.

汤姆：你可以把它拉上来一点吗？

（笑声）

(Laughter)

TT: (Beatboxing)

汤姆：（节奏口技）

Maybe just a little more --

再多一点——

(Laughter)

（笑声）

我们准备好了。

Alright, cool, I think we're good.

(Beatboxing) To all my peeps who came to get deep,

（节奏口技）致所有深入研究的伙伴们，

deep as the abyss --

深入深渊——

check this.

看看这个。

(Beatboxing)

（节奏口技）

(Cheers)

（欢呼）

(Applause)

（掌声）

(Beatboxing)

（节奏口技）

We start from the basics and build from scratch.

我们从基础开始，从搓碟开始。

（记录搓碟声）

(Record scratch)

Yeah, like that.

对，就这样。

(Beatboxing)

（节奏口技）

(Trumpet sound)

（喇叭声音）

(Beatboxing)

（节奏口技）

(Beatboxing) Back to basics.

（节奏口技）回到基础。

(Beatboxing)

（节奏口技）

(Beatboxing) You know the sound.

（节奏口技）你知道这声音。

(Beatboxing) Make some noise.

（节奏口技）发出一些噪音。

(Applause and cheers)

（掌声及欢呼）

(Whistling)

（口哨）

(Applause and cheers)

（掌声及欢呼）

TT: Thank you so much.

汤姆：非常感谢大家。