Humanity's Search for Cosmic Truth and Poetic Beauty | Maria Popova | TED

66,274 views ・ 2022-06-10

TED


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Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Ivana Korom
00:06
[The Universe in Verse]
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[Univerzum u stihu]
00:12
[Prelude]
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[Uvod]
00:14
In 1908,
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Godine 1908,
00:16
Henrietta Swan Leavitt,
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Henrijeta Svon Levit,
00:17
one of the women known as the Harvard Computers,
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jedna od žena poznatih kao kompjuteri sa Harvarda,
00:20
who changed our understanding of the universe
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koje su promenile naše razumevanje univerzuma
00:23
long before they could vote,
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mnogo pre nego što su mogle da glasaju,
00:25
was cataloging photographic plates at the Harvard College Observatory,
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katalogizovala je fotografske ploče u opservatoriji fakulteta Harvard,
00:29
single-handedly analyzing 2,000 variable stars --
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sama analizirajući 2 000 promenljivih zvezda -
00:34
stars with fluctuating brightness,
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zvezda kolebljive svetlosti,
00:36
kind of like a lighthouse beacon --
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nalik farovima sa svetionika -
00:38
when she began noticing a distinct correlation
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kada je zapazila izrazitu podudarnost
00:41
between their brightness and their blinking pattern.
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između njihove jačine i obrazaca treperenja.
00:44
That correlation made it possible to measure the distance of stars
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Ta podudarnost je omogućila merenje udaljenosti zvezda
00:48
for the very first time,
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prvi put u istoriji,
00:49
furnishing the yardstick of the universe.
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obezbedivši aršine univerzuma.
00:53
Meanwhile, a dutiful teenage boy in the Midwest
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U međuvremenu, marljivi tinejdžer sa srednjeg zapada
00:57
was repressing his childhood love of astronomy
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je potiskivao svoju dečačku ljubav prema astronomiji
01:00
and beginning his legal studies to fulfill his dying father's demand
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i započinjao je studije prava kako bi ispunio zavet oca na samrti
01:04
for an ordinary, reputable life.
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za običnim, čestitim životom.
01:07
When his father died,
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Kada mu je otac umro,
01:09
Edwin Hubble turned that passion for the stars into formal study
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Edvin Habl je strast prema zvezdama pretvorio u formalne studije
01:13
and discovered two revolutionary facts about the universe:
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i otkrio je dve revolucionarne činjenice o univerzumu:
01:18
that it is tremendously bigger than we thought
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da je zapanjujuće veći nego što smo mislili
01:22
and that it's getting bigger and bigger by the blink.
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i da raste sve više i više u treptaju oka.
01:25
One October evening in 1923,
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Jedne oktobarske večeri 1923. godine,
01:28
perched at the foot of the largest telescope in the world,
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zgrčen u podnožju najvećeg teleskopa na svetu
01:31
at Mount Wilson Observatory, not far from here,
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u opservatoriji Maunt Vilson, nedaleko odavde,
01:35
Hubble took a 45-minute exposure of Andromeda,
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Habl je zabeležio 45-minutnu ekspoziciju Andromede,
01:38
which was then thought to be one of many spiral nebulae in our Milky Way.
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koja se tada smatrala jednom od mnogih spiralnih maglina u našem Mlečnom putu.
01:43
The notion of a galaxy,
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Zamisao o galaksiji,
01:45
a gravitationally bound cluster of stars and dust and dark matter,
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grupi gravitacijski povezanih zvezda, prašine i tamne materije,
01:50
didn't exist at the time.
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nije postojala tada.
01:52
The Milky Way, which, by the way, was coined as a term
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Mlečni put čiji je, usput, termin skovao
01:55
by Chaucer in the 14th century,
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Čoser u XIV veku,
01:57
was thought to be what was called an "island universe"
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smatrao se nečim što je nazivano „ostrvskim univerzumom”
02:01
beyond the edge of which lay cold, dark nothingness.
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preko čije ivice počiva hladno, mračno ništavilo.
02:07
But when Hubble looked at the photograph the next morning
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Međutim, kada je Habl pogledao sledećeg jutra fotografiju
02:10
and compared it to previous ones,
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i uporedio je sa prethodnim,
02:12
he furrowed his brow
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namrštio je čelo
02:14
and with a gasp of revelation scribbled right on top of the plate "VAR"
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i s uzdahom otkrovenja naškrabao je na vrhu ploče „VAR”
02:19
and then drew an exclamation point
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i potom nacrtao uzvičnik
02:22
because he had realized that a tiny fleck in Andromeda
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jer je shvatio da sićušna pega u Andromedi
02:26
previously thought to be a nova
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koju su do tad smatrali novom
02:29
could not possibly be a nova,
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uopšte ne može da bude nova,
02:31
given its blinking pattern across these different photographs.
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s obzirom na njen šablon treperenja na različitim fotografijama.
02:34
And it was, in fact, a variable star.
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I zapravo se radilo o promenljivoj zvezdi.
02:38
Which meant, given Henrietta Leavitt's data,
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Što je značilo, imajući u vidu Henrijetine podatke,
02:41
that it was very, very far away,
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da je veoma, veoma daleko,
02:44
farther than the edge of the Milky Way.
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dalje od ivice Mlečnog puta.
02:47
Which meant that Andromeda was not a nebula in our own galaxy,
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A to je značilo da Andromeda nije maglina u našoj galaksiji,
02:52
but a whole other galaxy,
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već potpuno druga galaksija
02:55
out there, in the cold, dark nothingness.
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tamo negde u hladnom, mračnom ništavilu.
02:59
Suddenly, the universe was a garden, blooming with galaxies,
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Iznenada, univerzum je bio bašta u kojoj bujaju galaksije,
03:02
with ours but a single bloom.
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a naša je tek jedan cvet.
03:05
That same year, in another country,
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Te iste godine, u drugoj državi,
03:08
suspended between two World Wars,
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zatečen između dva svetska rata,
03:10
another young scientist came up with the radical idea
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još jedan mladi naučnik je imao radikalnu zamisao
03:15
of using rocket technology,
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korišćenja raketne tehnologije,
03:18
this deadly military technology,
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ove smrtonosne vojne tehnologije,
03:20
to mount an enormous telescope and launch it into Earth's orbit.
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kako bi natovario ogromni teleskop i lansirao ga u zemljinu orbitu.
03:25
Not only closer to the stars, but bypassing the atmosphere
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Ne samo bliže zvezdama, već zaobilazeći atmosferu
03:28
that occludes our terrestrial instruments.
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koja se preprečuje našim zemaljskim instrumentima.
03:31
It would take another two generations of scientists
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Biće potrebne još dve generacije naučnika
03:34
to make that telescope a reality:
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da ostvare tu viziju teleskopa:
03:37
a shimmering poem of metal, physics and perseverance
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svetlucavu poemu metala, fizike i istrajnosti
03:42
bearing Hubble's name.
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koja nosi Hablovo ime.
03:44
But when the Hubble Space Telescope launched in 1990,
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Međutim, kada je svemirski teleskop Habl lansiran 1990. godine,
03:48
our human fallibility had slipped into the precision of the instrument,
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jedna ljudska omaška se potkrala u preciznost instrumenta
03:52
and it turned out that its primary mirror
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i ispostavilo se da je njegovo glavno ogledalo
03:56
was ground into the wrong spherical shape,
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izbrušeno u pogrešan sferni oblik,
03:59
warping these long-awaited images of the unfathomed universe.
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iskrivljujući te dugoočekivane slike nedokučivog univerzuma.
04:05
Up the coast from Mount Wilson Observatory,
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Na obali blizu Opservatorije Maunt Vilson,
04:07
a teenage girl watched her father, who had worked on the Hubble,
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tinejdžerka je posmatrala oca, koji je radio na Hablu
04:12
one of NASA's first Black engineers, come home brokenhearted.
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kao jedan od NASA-inih prvih inženjera crnaca kako se vraća kući skrhan.
04:16
He didn't know that his observant daughter
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Nije bio svestan da će njegova opažajna kćerka
04:19
would become poet laureate of his country
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postati pesnička laureatkinja ove države
04:22
and would commemorate him in the tenderest tribute
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i da će mu odati najnežniju počast
04:26
that an artist's daughter has ever composed for a scientist father,
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koju je kćerka umetnica ikad sastavila za svog oca naučnika
04:30
which would win her the Pulitzer Prize
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i koja će joj doneti Pulicerovu nagradu
04:32
the year the Hubble's corrected optics captured that revolutionary,
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u godini kada je Habl sa korigovanom optikom zabeležio revolucionarnu
04:36
ultra-deep field image of the observable universe,
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sliku Hablovog ultra dubokog polja vidljivog univerzuma,
04:40
revealing what neither Hubble
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otkrivajući nešto što ni Habl,
04:43
nor Henrietta Leavitt could have imagined.
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ni Henrijeta Levit nisu mogli zamisliti.
04:45
That ours is not just one of several galaxies,
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Da naša nije tek jedna od nekoliko galaksija,
04:50
but that there are 100 billion galaxies out there,
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već da postoji 100 milijardi galaksija,
04:55
each containing 100 billion stars.
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a svaka sadrži 100 milijardi zvezda.
05:01
Narrator: From “My God, It’s Full of Stars.”
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Naratorka: Iz poeme „Gospode, puno je zvezda.”
05:08
When my father worked on the Hubble Telescope, he said
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Kad je moj otac radio na teleskopu Habl, rekao je
05:12
They operated like surgeons: scrubbed and sheathed
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da su operisali poput hirurga: strugali i oblagali
05:18
In papery green, the room a clean, cold and bright white.
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u papirasto-zelenoj sobi čistoj, hladnoj i jarko beloj.
05:25
He’d read Larry Niven at home, and drink scotch on the rocks,
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Kod kuće bi čitao Larija Nivena i pio skoč s ledom,
05:30
His eyes exhausted and pink. These were the Reagan years,
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očiju iscrpljenih i rozih. Bile su to godine Regana,
05:36
When we lived with our finger on The Button and struggled
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kada smo živeli s prstom na Dugmetu i borili se
05:40
To view our enemies as children. My father spent whole seasons
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da gledamo na svoje neprijatelje kao decu. Otac je provodio čitave sezone
05:47
Bowing before the oracle-eye, hungry for what it would find.
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poginjući se nad okom proročišta, žudeći za onim šta bi moglo da otkrije.
05:53
His face lit-up whenever anyone asked, and his arms would rise
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Lice bi mu se ozarilo kad god neko priupita, a njegove ruke se podigle
06:00
As if he were weightless, perfectly at ease in the never-ending
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kao u bestežinskom stanju, savršeno spokojan u beskonačnoj
06:05
Night of space. On the ground, we tied postcards to balloons
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noći svemira. Dole na zemlji, vezivali smo razglednice za balone
06:12
For peace. Prince Charles married Lady Di.
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zarad mira. Princ Čarls je oženio Lejdi Di.
06:18
Rock Hudson died.
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Rok Hadson je umro.
06:22
We learned new words for things. The decade changed.
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Naučili smo nove reči za stvari. Decenija se promenila.
06:29
The first few pictures came back blurred, and I felt ashamed
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Prvih nekoliko slika je ispalo mutno i mene je bilo sramota
06:35
For all the cheerful engineers, my father and his tribe. The second time,
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zbog svih tih razdraganih inženjera, mog oca i njegovog plemena. Drugog puta,
06:42
The optics jibed. We saw to the edge of all there is --
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optika se povinovala. Videli smo ivicu svega što postoji -
06:48
So brutal and alive it seemed to comprehend us back.
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tako svirepu i živu da se činilo kako spoznala je i ona nas.
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