The new political story that could change everything | George Monbiot

255,537 views ・ 2019-09-05

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μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Sung Jun Moon κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
Do you feel trapped
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망가진 경제 λͺ¨λΈμ˜ 덫에
00:14
in a broken economic model?
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κ°‡ν˜€ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 기뢄이 λ“œμ‹œλ‚˜μš”?
00:17
A model that's trashing the living world
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬λŠ” 세상을 μ“°λ ˆκΈ°λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
00:19
and threatens the lives of our descendants?
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우리 ν›„μ†μ˜ 삢을 μœ„ν˜‘ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λΈμ—μš”?
00:23
A model that excludes billions of people
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μˆ˜μ‹­μ–΅ λͺ…을 λ°°μ œν•œ 채
00:27
while making a handful unimaginably rich?
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μ†Œμˆ˜λ§Œ μ—„μ²­λ‚œ λΆ€μžλ‘œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” λͺ¨λΈμ—μš”?
00:31
That sorts us into winners and losers,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μŠΉμžμ™€ 패자둜 λ‚˜λˆ„κ³ 
00:34
and then blames the losers for their misfortune?
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패자의 λΆˆμš΄μ„ νƒ“ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λΈμ—μš”?
00:39
Welcome to neoliberalism,
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μ‹ μžμœ μ£Όμ˜μ˜ 세계에 μ˜€μ‹  κ±Έ ν™˜μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
the zombie doctrine that never seems to die,
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μ ˆλŒ€ 죽지 μ•Šμ„ 것 κ°™μ§€λ§Œ 신빙성은 μ „ν˜€ μ—†λŠ”
00:45
however comprehensively it is discredited.
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μ’€λΉ„ 같은 사상이죠.
00:49
Now you might have imagined that the financial crisis of 2008
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2008λ…„ 세계 κΈˆμœ΅μœ„κΈ°μ˜ μ—¬νŒŒλ‘œ μ‹ μžμœ μ£Όμ˜κ°€ 뢕괴됐닀고
00:54
would have led to the collapse of neoliberalism.
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μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹€μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
After all, it exposed its central features,
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핡심이 λ“œλŸ¬λ‚˜κΈ°λŠ” ν–ˆμ£ .
01:01
which were deregulating business and finance,
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사업과 금육 규제λ₯Ό μ™„ν™”ν•˜κ³ 
01:06
tearing down public protections,
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곡곡을 λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜λŠ” λ³΄ν˜Έλ§‰μ„ μ—†μ• κ³ 
01:08
throwing us into extreme competition with each other,
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νƒ€μΈκ³Όμ˜ 극단적 경쟁으둜 λ‚΄λͺ°μ§€λ§Œ
01:12
as, well, just a little bit flawed.
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μ•½κ°„μ˜ 흠결이 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±°μš”.
01:15
And intellectually, it did collapse.
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μ§€μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ”, λΆ•κ΄΄ λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
But still, it dominates our lives.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬μ „νžˆ 우리 삢을 μ§€λ°°ν•˜κ³  있죠.
01:24
Why?
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μ™œμΌκΉŒμš”?
01:26
Well, I believe the answer is that we have not yet produced
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제 생각엔 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‹ μžμœ μ£Όμ˜λ₯Ό λŒ€μ²΄ν• 
01:30
a new story with which to replace it.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 이야기λ₯Ό 아직 λ§Œλ“€μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬ΈμΈ 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
Stories are the means by which we navigate the world.
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μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” 세계λ₯Ό ν•­ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” μˆ˜λ‹¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
They allow us to interpret its complex and contradictory signals.
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이야기λ₯Ό 톡해 우린 μ„Έκ³„μ˜ λ³΅μž‘ν•¨κ³Ό λͺ¨μˆœλ˜λŠ” μ‹ ν˜Έλ“€μ„ 읽어내죠.
01:44
When we want to make sense of something,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ¬΄μ–Έκ°ˆ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€κ³  ν•  λ•Œ
01:47
the sense we seek is not scientific sense
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이 λ¬΄μ–Έκ°€λž€ 과학적인 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
01:52
but narrative fidelity.
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λ¬˜μ‚¬κ°€ μ•Œμ°¬ 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
Does what we are hearing reflect the way
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ“£λŠ” 것이 인λ₯˜μ˜ ν–‰μœ„μ™€ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ μž‘μš©μ— λŒ€ν•΄
01:58
that we expect humans and the world to behave?
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ˜ˆμƒν•˜λŠ” λ°”λ₯Ό λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λ‚˜μš”?
02:02
Does it hang together?
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그게 μΌμΉ˜ν•˜λ‚˜μš”?
02:04
Does it progress
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이야기가 진행돼야 ν•˜λ“― μ§„ν–‰λ˜λ‚˜μš”?
02:06
as a story should progress?
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02:10
Now, we are creatures of narrative,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ λ¬˜μ‚¬μ˜ μ‚°λ¬Όμ΄μž
02:13
and a string of facts and figures, however important facts and figures are --
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일련의 사싀과 수치의 산물이죠.
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 사싀과 μˆ˜μΉ˜λŠ”,
02:19
and, you know, I'm an empiricist, I believe in facts and figures --
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μ €λŠ” κ²½ν—˜λ‘ μžμ΄κΈ°μ— 사싀과 수치λ₯Ό λ―Ώμ§€λ§Œ,
02:22
but those facts and figures have no power to displace a persuasive story.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ 사싀과 μˆ˜μΉ˜μ—λŠ” 섀득λ ₯ μžˆλŠ” 이야기λ₯Ό λŒ€μ²΄ν•  λ§Œν•œ 힘이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
The only thing that can replace a story
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이야기λ₯Ό λŒ€μ²΄ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μœ μΌν•œ 것은
02:34
is a story.
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이야기 뿐이죠.
02:36
You cannot take away someone's story
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μƒˆ 이야기λ₯Ό μ œμ‹œν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 이상
02:38
without giving them a new one.
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νƒ€μΈμ˜ 이야기λ₯Ό μ—†μ• λŠ” 건 λ¬΄λ¦¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
And it's not just stories in general that we are attuned to,
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또, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ™μ‘°ν•˜λŠ” 건 λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ 일반적인 이야기가 μ•„λ‹Œ
02:46
but particular narrative structures.
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νŠΉμ •ν•œ μ„œμ‚¬ κ΅¬μ‘°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
There are a number of basic plots that we use again and again,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 반볡적으둜 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ κΈ°λ³Έ ꡬ성이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κ³ 
02:55
and in politics there is one basic plot
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μ •μΉ˜μ—μ„œλ„ ν„°λ¬΄λ‹ˆμ—†μ΄ κ°•λ ₯ν•˜λ‹€ λ°ν˜€μ§„
02:59
which turns out to be tremendously powerful,
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ν•œκ°€μ§€ κΈ°λ³Έ ꡬ성이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
and I call this "the restoration story."
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μ €λŠ” 이λ₯Ό "볡원 μ„œμ‚¬"라 λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
It goes as follows.
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이 이야기가 ν˜λŸ¬κ°€λŠ” 방식은 μ΄λ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
Disorder afflicts the land,
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인λ₯˜μ˜ 이읡에 λ°˜ν•˜λŠ” 일을 ν•˜λŠ”
03:13
caused by powerful and nefarious forces
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κ°•λ ₯ν•˜κ³  비도덕적인 μ„Έλ ₯이 μ•ΌκΈ°ν•œ
03:17
working against the interests of humanity.
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ν˜Όλž€μ΄ 세상을 μ–΄μ§€λŸ½νž™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
But the hero will revolt against this disorder,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ˜μ›…μ΄ λ“±μž₯ν•΄ ν˜Όλž€μ— λ§žμ„œ
03:24
fight those powerful forces,
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κ°•λ ₯ν•œ μ„Έλ ₯λ“€κ³Ό μ‹Έμš°κ³ 
03:26
against the odds overthrow them
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역경을 λ”›κ³  그듀을 ν‡΄μΉ˜ν•΄
03:29
and restore harmony to the land.
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μ„Έμƒμ˜ μ‘°ν™”λ₯Ό λ˜μ°Ύμ•„ μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
You've heard this story before.
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이 이야기λ₯Ό 듀어보신 적 μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:35
It's the Bible story.
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성경에 λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” 이야기죠.
03:37
It's the "Harry Potter" story.
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"해리 포터"의 λ‚΄μš©μ΄κ³ μš”.
03:39
It's the "Lord of the Rings" story.
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"λ°˜μ§€μ˜ μ œμ™•"의 λ‚΄μš©μ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
It's the "Narnia" story.
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"λ‚˜λ‹ˆμ•„ μ—°λŒ€κΈ°" 이야기이기도 ν•˜μ£ .
03:44
But it's also the story
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 수천 λ…„ μ „μœΌλ‘œ 거슬러 μ˜¬λΌκ°€λŠ”
03:47
that has accompanied almost every political and religious transformation
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거의 λͺ¨λ“  μ •μΉ˜μ , 쒅ꡐ적 λ³€ν™”κ°€ 수반된 이야기이기도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
going back millennia.
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03:54
In fact, we could go as far as to say
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사싀, κ°•λ ₯ν•œ μƒˆ 볡원 μ„œμ‚¬ μ—†μœΌλ©΄
03:56
that without a powerful new restoration story,
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μ •μΉ˜μ , 쒅ꡐ적 λ³€ν™”κ°€
04:02
a political and religious transformation
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λ°œμƒν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλ‹€κ³ 
04:05
might not be able to happen.
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말할 수 μžˆμ„ μ •λ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
It's that important.
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κ·Έ μ •λ„λ‘œ μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ£ .
04:10
After laissez-faire economics triggered the Great Depression,
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자유 λ°©μž„ 경제 μ²΄μ œκ°€ λŒ€κ³΅ν™©μ„ μΌμœΌν‚¨ ν›„
04:15
John Maynard Keynes sat down to write a new economics,
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μ‘΄ λ©”μ΄λ„ˆλ“œ μΌ€μΈμŠ€λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ²½μ œν•™μ„ μ§‘ν•„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ•‰μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:20
and what he did was to tell a restoration story,
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그의 행동이 λ°”λ‘œ 볡원 μ„œμ‚¬λ₯Ό 이야기 ν•œ 것이고
04:24
and it went something like this.
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이런 μ‹μœΌλ‘œ ν˜λŸ¬κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:27
Disorder afflicts the land!
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ν˜Όλž€μ΄ 세상을 μ–΄μ§€λŸ½νž™λ‹ˆλ‹€!
04:30
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
04:31
Caused by the powerful and nefarious forces of the economic elite,
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κ°•λ ₯ν•˜κ³  비도덕적인 경제 μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈλ“€ λ•Œλ¬Έμ—μš”.
04:36
which have captured the world's wealth.
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이듀은 μ„Έκ³„μ˜ 경제λ₯Ό μ₯κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
But the hero of the story,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ˜ μ˜μ›…μ΄μž
04:42
the enabling state, supported by working class and middle class people,
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노동 계급과 μ€‘μ‚°μΈ΅μ˜ 지지λ₯Ό λ°›κ³  ꢌλŠ₯을 λΆ€μ—¬ 받은 κ΅­κ°€λŠ”
04:47
will contest that disorder,
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ν˜Όλž€μ— λ§žμ„œ μ‹Έμš°κ³ 
λΆ€λ₯Ό μž¬λΆ„λ°°ν•΄ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ μ„Έλ ₯κ³Ό 겨루며
04:50
will fight those powerful forces by redistributing wealth,
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04:54
and through spending public money on public goods
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κ³΅κ³΅μž¬μ— 곡적 μžκΈˆμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
04:58
will generate income and jobs,
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μˆ˜μž…κ³Ό 직업을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄
05:01
restoring harmony to the land.
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μ„Έμƒμ˜ μ‘°ν™”λ₯Ό λ˜μ°ΎμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:05
Now like all good restoration stories,
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λͺ¨λ“  쒋은 볡원 μ„œμ‚¬κ°€ κ·Έλ ‡λ“―
05:07
this one resonated across the political spectrum.
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이 이야기 λ˜ν•œ μ •μΉ˜μ  μŠ€νŽ™νŠΈλŸΌμ„ κ°€λ‘œμ§ˆλŸ¬ μ‘°ν™”λ₯Ό μ΄λ£Ήλ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:11
Democrats and Republicans, labor and conservatives,
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λ―Όμ£Όλ‹Ήκ³Ό 곡화당, 노동당과 λ³΄μˆ˜λ‹Ή,
05:14
left and right all became, broadly, Keynesian.
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μ’ŒνŒŒμ™€ 우파 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ μΌ€μΈμ¦ˆ ν•™νŒŒκ°€ 됐죠.
05:19
Then, when Keynesianism ran into trouble
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹€ 1970λ…„λŒ€ μΌ€μΈμ¦ˆμ£Όμ˜κ°€
05:22
in the 1970s,
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λ¬Έμ œμ— λΆ€λ”ͺ히자
05:24
the neoliberals, people like Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman,
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ν”„λ¦¬λ“œλ¦¬νžˆ ν•˜μ΄μ—ν¬λ‚˜ λ°€ν„΄ ν”„λ¦¬λ“œλ¨Ό 같은 μ‹ μžμœ μ£Όμ˜μžλ“€μ΄
05:28
came forward with their new restoration story,
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 볡원 μ„œμ‚¬μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ λ“±μž₯ν–ˆκ³ 
05:32
and it went something like this.
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이런 μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 이야기가 μ „κ°œλμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:34
You'll never guess what's coming.
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μ–΄λ–€ μ–˜κΈ΄μ§€ μ „ν˜€ λͺ¨λ₯΄μ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:36
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
05:37
Disorder afflicts the land!
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ν˜Όλž€μ΄ 세상을 μ–΄μ§€λŸ½νž™λ‹ˆλ‹€!
05:40
Caused by the powerful and nefarious forces
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μ§€λ‚˜μΉ˜κ²Œ λΉ„λŒ€ν•œ νž˜μ„ 가진 κ΅­κ°€μ˜
05:45
of the overmighty state,
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κ°•λ ₯ν•˜κ³  μ‚¬μ•…ν•œ 힘 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—μš”.
05:47
whose collectivizing tendencies crush freedom and individualism
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이 κ΅­κ°€μ˜ μ§‘μ‚°μ£Όμ˜μ  κ²½ν–₯은 자유, 개인주의, 기회λ₯Ό λΆ€μˆ΄λ²„λ¦¬μ£ .
05:52
and opportunity.
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05:54
But the hero of the story, the entrepreneur,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ˜ 주인곡인 κΈ°μ—…κ°€λŠ”
05:57
will fight those powerful forces,
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이 κ°•λ ₯ν•œ νž˜μ— λ§žμ„œ μ‹Έμš°κ³ 
06:00
roll back the state,
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κ΅­κ°€ ꢌλ ₯을 μ˜ˆμ „ μƒνƒœλ‘œ λŒλ €λ†“κ³ 
06:02
and through creating wealth and opportunity,
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뢀와 기회λ₯Ό μ°½μΆœν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
06:05
restore harmony to the land.
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μ„Έμƒμ˜ μ‘°ν™”λ₯Ό λ˜μ°ΎμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:08
And that story also resonated across the political spectrum.
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이 이야기 λ˜ν•œ μ •μΉ˜μ  μŠ€νŽ™νŠΈλŸΌμ„ κ°€λ‘œμ§ˆλŸ¬ μ‘°ν™”λ₯Ό μ΄λ£Ήλ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:13
Republicans and Democrats, conservatives and labor,
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곡화당과 λ―Όμ£Όλ‹Ή, λ³΄μˆ˜λ‹Ήκ³Ό 노동당,
06:16
they all became, broadly, neoliberal.
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λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ μ‹ μžμœ μ£Όμ˜μžκ°€ 되죠.
06:22
Opposite stories
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μ •λ°˜λŒ€μ˜ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ§€λ§Œ
06:25
with an identical narrative structure.
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μ„œμ‚¬ κ΅¬μ‘°λŠ” μ™„μ „νžˆ λ™μΌν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:29
Then, in 2008,
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그리고 2008년이 되자
06:32
the neoliberal story fell apart,
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μ‹ μžμœ μ£Όμ˜ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” λ¬΄λ„ˆμ Έλ‚΄λ¦¬κ³ 
06:35
and its opponents came forward with ...
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λ°˜λŒ€λ˜λŠ” 이야기가 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜μ§€...
06:41
nothing.
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μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:42
No new restoration story!
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κ·Έ μ–΄λ–€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 볡원 μ„œμ‚¬λ„ λ“±μž₯ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:45
The best they had to offer was a watered-down neoliberalism
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그듀이 μ œμ‹œν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ΅œμ„ μ€ ν¬μ„μ‹œν‚¨ μ‹ μžμœ μ£Όμ˜κ±°λ‚˜
06:48
or a microwaved Keynesianism.
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μ „μžλ ˆμΈμ§€μ— 데운 μΌ€μΈμŠ€μ£Όμ˜μ˜€μ–΄μš”.
06:53
And that is why we're stuck.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ°‡νžŒ μ΄μœ κ°€ λ°”λ‘œ μ΄κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:56
Without that new story,
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 이야기 없이
06:58
we are stuck with the old failed story
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μ‹€νŒ¨ν•œ μ˜›μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ— κ°‡νžŒ 채
07:01
that keeps on failing.
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계속 μ‹€νŒ¨ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
07:04
Despair is the state we fall into
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상상λ ₯이 κΈ°λŒ€μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•  λ•Œ
07:08
when our imagination fails.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ ˆλ§μ— λΉ μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:11
When we have no story that explains the present
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ν˜„μž¬λ₯Ό μ–˜κΈ°ν•΄μ£Όκ³ , 미래λ₯Ό κ·Έλ €μ£ΌλŠ”
07:15
and describes the future,
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이야기가 μ—†μœΌλ©΄
07:18
hope evaporates.
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희망이 μ‚¬λΌμ Έλ²„λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:21
Political failure is at heart
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μ •μΉ˜μ  μ‹€νŒ¨λŠ” 본질적으둜
07:24
a failure of imagination.
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상상λ ₯의 μ‹€νŒ¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:27
Without a restoration story
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν–₯ν•  곳을 μ•Œλ €μ£ΌλŠ”
07:30
that can tell us where we need to go,
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볡원 μ„œμ‚¬ μ—†μ΄λŠ”
07:33
nothing is going to change,
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κ·Έ μ–΄λ–€ 것도 λ³€ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:35
but with such a restoration story,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 볡원 μ„œμ‚¬κ°€ 있으면
07:38
almost everything can change.
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거의 λͺ¨λ“  것이 λ°”λ€” 수 있죠.
07:42
The story we need to tell
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ”
07:45
is a story which will appeal to as wide a range of people as possible,
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μ •μΉ˜μ  κ°ˆλ“±μ„ λ›°μ–΄λ„˜μ–΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ ν•œ 넓은 λ²”μœ„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ
07:49
crossing political fault lines.
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μ–΄ν•„ν•  그런 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:51
It should resonate with deep needs and desires.
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κΉŠμ€ μš•κ΅¬, μš•λ§λ„ μƒκΈ°μ‹œμΌœμ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:55
It should be simple and intelligible,
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λ‹¨μˆœν•˜κ³  지적이어야 ν•˜κ³ 
07:58
and it should be grounded in reality.
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ν˜„μ‹€μ— κ·Όκ±°λ₯Ό 둬야 ν•˜μ£ .
08:01
Now, I admit that all of this sounds like a bit of a tall order.
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이 λͺ¨λ“  게 싀행이 μ–΄λ ΅λ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μΈμ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:06
But I believe that in Western nations,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ €λŠ” μ„œλ°© ꡭ가에
08:08
there is actually a story like this
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전해지길 κΈ°λ‹€λ¦¬λŠ” 이야기가 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ―Ώκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:11
waiting to be told.
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08:14
Over the past few years,
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λͺ‡ λ…„ μ „,
08:16
there's been a fascinating convergence of findings
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심리학, 인λ₯˜ν•™, μ‹ κ²½ κ³Όν•™, 진화 생물학 같은
08:19
in several different sciences,
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λͺ‡λͺ‡μ˜ μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•™λ¬Έμ—μ„œ
08:21
in psychology and anthropology and neuroscience and evolutionary biology,
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λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 사싀듀이 κ²ΉμΉ˜λŠ” 맀혹적인 일이 λ°œμƒν•œ 적이 μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°,
08:26
and they all tell us something pretty amazing:
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μ•„μ£Ό μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 사싀을 μ–˜κΈ°ν•΄μ£Όλ”κ΅°μš”.
08:30
that human beings have got this massive capacity for altruism.
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인간이 κ°•λ ₯ν•œ μ΄νƒ€μ£Όμ˜μ  λŠ₯λ ₯을 μ§€λ‹ˆκ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ‚¬μ‹€μ„μš”.
08:35
Sure, we all have a bit of selfishness and greed inside us,
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘ 내면에 이기심과 νƒμš•μ΄ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
08:39
but in most people, those are not our dominant values.
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μ΄λŠ” λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜μ—κ²Œ μ ˆλŒ€μ μΈ κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:44
And we also turn out to be the supreme cooperators.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 졜고의 ν˜‘λ ₯μžλΌλŠ” 것도 λ°ν˜€μ‘Œμ£ .
08:48
We survived the African savannas,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν¬μ‹μžμ™€ 사λƒ₯감보닀 μ•½ν•˜κ³  λŠλ¦Όμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
08:50
despite being weaker and slower than our predators and most of our prey,
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아프리카 μ‚¬λ°”λ‚˜μ—μ„œ μƒμ‘΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:56
by an amazing ability to engage in mutual aid,
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μƒν˜Έ ν˜‘λ ₯에 μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜λŠ” λ†€λΌμš΄ λŠ₯λ ₯κ³Ό
09:01
and that urge to cooperate has been hardwired into our minds
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μžμ—° 선택을 톡해 사고방식에 κ³ μ •λ˜μ–΄ 온
09:06
through natural selection.
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ν˜‘λ ₯ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” μš•κ΅¬λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œμš”.
09:08
These are the central, crucial facts about humankind:
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우리의 λ†€λΌμš΄ μ΄νƒ€μ£Όμ˜μ™€ ν˜‘λ ₯은
09:13
our amazing altruism and cooperation.
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인간에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ •μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 쀑심적이고 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:18
But something has gone horribly wrong.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ­”κ°€κ°€ μ•„μ£Ό 잘λͺ»λΌ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:22
Disorder afflicts the land.
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ν˜Όλž€μ΄ 세상을 μ–΄μ§€λŸ½ν˜”μ£ .
09:24
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
09:27
Our good nature has been thwarted by several forces,
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우리의 μ˜¨ν™”ν•¨μ€ λͺ‡λͺ‡ νž˜μ— μ˜ν•΄ μ’Œμ ˆλμ§€λ§Œ
09:30
but I think the most powerful of them is the dominant political narrative
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κ·Έ 쀑 κ°€μž₯ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ 것은 우리 μ‹œλŒ€μ˜
09:34
of our times,
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지배적 μ •μΉ˜ μ„œμ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:36
which tells us that we should live in extreme individualism
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극단적 개인주의 μ†μ—μ„œ μ„œλ‘œ κ²½μŸν•˜λ©° μ‚΄μ•„κ°€μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³ 
09:42
and competition with each other.
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜μ£ .
09:45
It pushes us to fight each other, to fear and mistrust each other.
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μ„œλ‘œ μ‹Έμš°κ³  λ‘λ €μ›Œν•˜κ³  λΆˆμ‹ ν•˜κ²Œ κ°•μš”ν•˜κ³ μš”.
09:50
It atomizes society.
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μ‚¬νšŒλ₯Ό λΆ„μ—΄μ‹œν‚€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:52
It weakens the social bonds that make our lives worth living.
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우리 삢을 μ‚΄ κ°€μΉ˜ 있게 ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” μ‚¬νšŒ μœ λŒ€λ₯Ό μ•½ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:58
And into that vacuum
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그리고 μ‚¬νšŒ μœ λŒ€κ°€ 약해진 ν‹ˆμœΌλ‘œ
10:01
grow these violent, intolerant forces.
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폭λ ₯적이고 νŽΈν˜‘ν•œ 힘이 μžλΌλ‚˜μ£ .
10:06
We are a society of altruists,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ μ΄νƒ€μ£Όμ˜μžμ΄μ§€λ§Œ
10:10
but we are governed by psychopaths.
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μ‚¬μ΄μ½”νŒ¨μŠ€λ“€μ—κ²Œ 지배받고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:12
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
10:21
But it doesn't have to be like this.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 될 ν•„μš”λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:23
It really doesn't,
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μ •λ§λ‘œμš”.
10:24
because we have this incredible capacity for togetherness and belonging,
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ² μ—°λŒ€μ™€ μ†Œμ†κ°μ΄λΌλŠ” λ†€λΌμš΄ λŠ₯λ ₯이 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ©°
10:28
and by invoking that capacity,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ λŠ₯λ ₯을 λΆˆλŸ¬λƒ„μœΌλ‘œμ¨
10:30
we can recover those amazing components of our humanity:
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μ΄νƒ€μ£Όμ˜μ™€ ν˜‘λ™μ΄λΌλŠ” λ†€λΌμš΄ μΈκ°„μ„±μ˜ μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό
10:35
our altruism and cooperation.
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νšŒλ³΅ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:39
Where there is atomization, we can build a thriving civic life
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뢄열이 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 곳에선 λ‹€μ±„λ‘œμš΄ μ°Έμ—¬ λ¬Έν™”λ‘œ
10:44
with a rich participatory culture.
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μ‹œλ―Ό μƒν™œμ˜ λ²ˆμ„±μ„ 이룩할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:47
Where we find ourselves crushed between market and state,
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μ‹œμž₯κ³Ό κ΅­κ°€ 사이에 밀어넣어진 μžμ‹ μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 곳에선
10:51
we can build an economics that respects both people and planet.
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μ‚¬λžŒκ³Ό 지ꡬλ₯Ό λͺ¨λ‘ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” κ²½μ œν•™μ„ λ§Œλ“€ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:57
And we can create this economics around that great neglected sphere,
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λ¬΄μ‹œλ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” μ˜μ—­μ˜ κ²½μ œν•™μ„ λ§Œλ“€ μˆ˜λ„ 있죠.
11:02
the commons.
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κ³΅μœ μ§€μš”.
11:03
The commons is neither market nor state, capitalism nor communism,
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κ³΅μœ μ§€λŠ” μ‹œμž₯도 ꡭ가도 μ•„λ‹ˆκ³  μžλ³Έμ£Όμ˜λ„ κ³΅μ‚°μ£Όμ˜λ„ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:08
but it consists of three main elements:
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ„Έ 가지 μ£Όμš” μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό κ°–κ³  있죠.
11:10
a particular resource;
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νŠΉμ •ν•œ μžμ›.
11:12
a particular community that manages that resource;
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κ·Έ μžμ›μ„ κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” νŠΉμ •ν•œ 곡동체.
11:15
and the rules and negotiations the community develops to manage it.
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곡동체 관리λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ λ°œμ „μ‹œν‚¨ κ·œμΉ™κ³Ό ν˜‘μƒ.
11:21
Think of community broadband or community energy cooperatives
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μ§€μžμ²΄μ˜ 자체 κ΄‘λŒ€μ—­ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ‚˜ μ—λ„ˆμ§€ ν˜‘λ ₯,
11:25
or the shared land for growing fruit and vegetables
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μ˜κ΅­μ—μ„œ μ‹œλ―Ό 농μž₯이라 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” κ³ΌμΌμ΄λ‚˜ 야채λ₯Ό κΈ°λ₯Ό 수 μžˆλŠ”
11:28
that in Britain we call allotments.
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κ³΅μœ μ§€λ₯Ό λ– μ˜¬λ €λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
11:31
A common can't be sold, it can't be given away,
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κ³΅μœ μ§€λŠ” νŒλ§€λ„ 양도도 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ³ 
11:34
and its benefits are shared equally among the members of the community.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜¨ μˆ˜μ΅μ€ 지역 μ‚¬νšŒ κ΅¬μ„±μ›λ“€μ—κ²Œ κ³΅ν‰ν•˜κ²Œ λΆ„λ°°λ˜μ£ .
11:40
Where we have been ignored and exploited,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ¬΄μ‹œλ‹Ήν•˜κ³  μ°©μ·¨λ‹Ήν–ˆλ˜ κ³³μ—μ„œ
11:43
we can revive our politics.
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우리의 μ •μΉ˜λ₯Ό λΆ€ν™œμ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:45
We can recover democracy from the people who have captured it.
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민주주의λ₯Ό κ°€μ Έκ°„ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œμ„œ 이λ₯Ό λ˜μ°Ύμ„ 수 μžˆκ³ μš”.
11:50
We can use new rules and methods of elections
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λ‹€μ‹œλŠ” 경제적 힘이 민주적 νž˜μ„ 이기지 λͺ»ν•˜κ²Œ
11:53
to ensure that financial power never trumps democratic power again.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ·œμΉ™κ³Ό μ„ κ±° 방식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 있죠.
11:59
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
12:06
Representative democracy should be tempered by participatory democracy
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λŒ€μ˜ λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜λŠ” μ°Έμ—¬ 민주주의둜 단련이 λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:11
so that we can refine our political choices,
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κ·Έλž˜μ•Ό 우리의 μ •μΉ˜μ  선택을 가닀듬을 수 μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
12:14
and that choice should be exercised as much as possible at the local level.
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또, 이 선택은 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ ν•œ 지역 μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ ν–‰μ‚¬λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:19
If something can be decided locally, it shouldn't be determined nationally.
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지역 μ°¨μ›μ˜ 결정이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€λ©΄ κ΅­κ°€μ μœΌλ‘œ κ²°μ •ν•΄μ„  μ•ˆλ˜κ³ μš”.
12:26
And I call all this the politics of belonging.
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μ €λŠ” 이 λͺ¨λ‘λ₯Ό μ†Œμ† μ •μΉ˜λΌ μΉ­ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:31
Now, I think this has got the potential to appeal
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μ „ 이것이 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ²”μœ„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ
12:35
across quite a wide range of people,
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μ–΄ν•„ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 잠재λ ₯이 μžˆλ‹€ λ³΄λŠ”λ°,
12:37
and the reason for this is that among the very few values
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κ·Έ μ΄μœ λŠ”, μ’ŒνŒŒμ™€ 우파 λͺ¨λ‘ κ³΅μœ ν•˜λŠ”
12:41
that both left and right share
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λͺ‡ μ•ˆλ˜λŠ” κ°€μΉ˜κ°€
12:44
are belonging and community.
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μ†Œμ†κ°κ³Ό μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒμ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:47
And we might mean slightly different things by them,
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μ•½κ°„ μ˜λ―Έκ°€ λ‹€λ₯Ό μˆ˜λŠ” μžˆκ² μœΌλ‚˜
12:50
but at least we start with some language in common.
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적어도 같은 말둜 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
12:53
In fact, you can see a lot of politics as being a search for belonging.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ§Žμ€ μ •μΉ˜ μ²΄μ œκ°€ μ†Œμ†κ°μ„ 찾은 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:58
Even fascists seek community,
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νŒŒμ‹œμŠ€νŠΈμ‘°μ°¨ 곡동체λ₯Ό μΆ”κ΅¬ν–ˆμ£ .
13:01
albeit a frighteningly homogenous community
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비둝 λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λ˜‘κ°™μ•„ 보이고
13:04
where everyone looks the same and wears the same uniform
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같은 μœ λ‹ˆνΌμ„ μž…μ€ 채 λ˜‘κ°™μ€ μŠ¬λ‘œκ±΄μ„ μ™ΈμΉ˜λŠ”
13:07
and chants the same slogans.
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λ¬΄μ„œμš΄ 단일 κ³΅λ™μ²΄μ΄μ§€λ§Œμš”.
13:09
What we need to create is a community based on bridging networks,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ•Ό ν•  μ‚¬νšŒλŠ” κ°€κ΅ν˜• 연결망에 κΈ°λ°˜ν•œ 것이지
13:14
not bonding networks.
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κ²°μ†ν˜• 연결망에 κΈ°λ°˜ν•œ 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:15
Now a bonding network brings together people from a homogenous group,
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κ²°μ†ν˜• 연결망은 λ™μΌν•œ 집단 ꡬ성원을 ν•œ 데 λ¬Άμ§€λ§Œ
13:20
whereas a bridging network brings together people from different groups.
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κ°€κ΅ν˜• 연결망은 λ‹€λ₯Έ 집단 ꡬ성원을 ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œ λ¬ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:24
And my belief is that if we create
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λ§Œμ•½ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ λ‹€μ–‘ν•˜κ³  ν™œκΈ°μ°¬ κ°€κ΅ν˜• μ‚¬νšŒλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚Έλ‹€λ©΄
13:26
sufficiently rich and vibrant bridging communities,
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13:31
we can thwart the urge for people to burrow into the security
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νƒ€μΈμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μžμ‹ μ„ 지킀기 μœ„ν•΄ λ™μΌν•œ μ§‘λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λœ 결속 μ‚¬νšŒ 속에
13:36
of a homogenous bonding community
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λ“€μ–΄κ°€κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ μš•κ΅¬λ₯Ό 막을 수 있으리라 λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:39
defending themselves against the other.
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13:43
So in summary,
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μš”μ•½ν•˜μžλ©΄
13:45
our new story could go something like this.
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μƒˆ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” μ•„λ§ˆ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 흘러갈 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:50
Disorder afflicts the land!
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ν˜Όλž€μ΄ 세상을 μ–΄μ§€λŸ½νž™λ‹ˆλ‹€!
13:53
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
13:54
Caused by the powerful and nefarious forces
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μ‚¬νšŒ 같은 건 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©°
13:56
of people who say there's no such thing as society,
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μ‚Άμ˜ ꢁ극적 λͺ©μ μ€ μ“°λ ˆκΈ°ν†΅ μœ„μ—μ„œ
14:00
who tell us that our highest purpose in life
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κΈΈ μžƒμ€ 개처럼 μ‹Έμš°λŠ” 것이라 μ£Όμž₯ν•˜λŠ”
14:03
is to fight like stray dogs over a dustbin.
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κ°•λ ₯ν•˜κ³  μ‚¬μ•…ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 힘 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—μš”.
14:08
But the heroes of the story, us,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ˜ μ˜μ›…μΈ μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
14:11
we'll revolt against this disorder.
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이 ν˜Όλž€μ— λŒ€ν•­ν•΄ λ“€κ³  일어날 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:14
We will fight those nefarious forces by building rich, engaging,
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ν’λΆ€ν•˜κ³  맀λ ₯적이고 포용적이며 κ΄€λŒ€ν•œ 곡동체λ₯Ό κ±΄μ„€ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
14:20
inclusive and generous communities,
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이 μ‚¬μ•…ν•œ 힘과 μ‹Έμš°λŠ” κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
14:22
and, in doing so,
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그리고 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•΄μ„œ
14:24
we will restore harmony to the land.
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세상에 μ‘°ν™”λ₯Ό λ˜μ°Ύμ•„ 올 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:27
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
14:34
Now whether or not you feel this is the right story,
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이 이야기가 μ˜³μ€ 것이라 λŠλΌλ“  μ•„λ‹ˆλ“ 
14:38
I hope you'll agree that we need one.
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μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ˜ ν•„μš”μ„±μ—λŠ” λ™μ˜ν•˜μ…¨μœΌλ©΄ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:40
We need a new restoration story,
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ² μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 볡원 μ„œμ‚¬κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:43
which is going to guide us out of the mess we're in,
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엉망인 μƒνƒœμ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜κ²Œλ” 인도해주며
14:47
which tells us why we're in the mess and tells us how to get out of that mess.
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우리 μƒνƒœκ°€ 엉망인 이유λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•΄μ£Όκ³  λ²—μ–΄λ‚  방법을 μ•Œλ €μ£ΌλŠ” μ„œμ‚¬κ°€μš”.
14:52
And that story, if we tell it right,
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λ§Œμ•½ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ œλŒ€λ‘œ 이야기 ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
14:55
will infect the minds of people across the political spectrum.
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μ •μΉ˜μ  μŠ€νŽ™νŠΈλŸΌμ„ κ°€λ‘œμ§ˆλŸ¬ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 사고방식에 영ν–₯을 쀄 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:00
Our task is to tell the story that lights the path to a better world.
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우리의 μž„λ¬΄λŠ” 더 λ‚˜μ€ μ„ΈμƒμœΌλ‘œ ν–₯ν•˜λŠ” 길을 λΉ„μΆ”λŠ” 이야기λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
15:06
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:07
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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