The secret to giving great feedback | The Way We Work, a TED series

1,315,997 views ・ 2020-02-10

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Transcriber: TED Translators admin
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λ²ˆμ—­: Mikyung Moon κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:12
If you look at a carpenter, they have a toolbox;
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λͺ©μˆ˜λŠ” κ³΅κ΅¬μƒμžκ°€ 있고
00:14
a dentist, they have their drills.
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μΉ˜κ³Όμ˜μ‚¬λŠ” λ“œλ¦΄μ΄ 있죠.
00:16
In our era and the type of work most of us are doing,
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ν˜„μ‹œλŒ€ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ 일에
00:19
the tool we most need is actually centered
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κ°€μž₯ ν•„μš”ν•œ λ„κ΅¬λŠ”
00:21
around being able to give and receive feedback well.
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ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ 잘 μ£Όκ³ λ°›λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯에 쀑점을 두고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
[The Way We Work]
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[μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μΌν•˜λŠ” 방식]
00:29
Humans have been talking about feedback for centuries.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 수 μ„ΈκΈ° λ™μ•ˆ ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ μ£Όκ³ λ°›μ•˜κ³ 
사싀 κ³΅μžλŠ” 무렀 기원전 500년에
00:32
In fact, Confucius, way back in 500 BC,
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00:35
talked about how important it is to be able to say difficult messages well.
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μ–΄λ €μš΄ λ©”μ‹œμ§€λ₯Ό μ „λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” λ°©λ²•μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:39
But to be honest, we're still pretty bad at it.
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μ†”μ§νžˆ μ—¬μ „νžˆ μž˜ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜μ£ .
00:41
In fact, a recent Gallup survey found
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졜근 가럽 쑰사에 μ˜ν•˜λ©΄
00:44
that only 26 percent of employees strongly agree
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ν”Όκ³ μš©μΈ 쀑 26%만이
그듀이 받은 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ΄ 도움이 λœλ‹€κ³  κ°•λ ₯히 λ™μ˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
that the feedback they get actually improves their work.
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00:51
Those numbers are pretty dismal.
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절망적인 숫자죠.
00:53
So what's going on?
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μ™œμΌκΉŒμš”?
00:54
The way that most people give their feedback
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ€
00:56
actually isn't brain-friendly.
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사싀 λ‡Œ μΉœν™”μ μ΄μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:58
People fall into one of two camps.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 두 κ°€μ§€λ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
Either they're of the camp that is very indirect and soft
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첫 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” λ„ˆλ¬΄ κ°„μ ‘μ μ΄κ±°λ‚˜ μœ ν•΄μ„œ
01:04
and the brain doesn't even recognize that feedback is being given
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λ‡Œκ°€ ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ μΈμ§€ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ³ 
01:07
or it's just simply confused,
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ν˜Όλž€λ§Œ μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³ 
01:09
or they fall into the other camp of being too direct,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μͺ½μ€ λ„ˆλ¬΄ 직접적이라
01:11
and with that, it tips the other person into the land of being defensive.
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μ‚¬λžŒμ„ λ°©μ–΄μ μœΌλ‘œ λͺ°μ•„μ„Έμ›λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
There's this part of the brain called the amygdala,
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λ‡Œμ—λŠ” νŽΈλ„μ²΄λΌλŠ” 뢀뢄이 μžˆλŠ”λ°
01:18
and it's scanning at all times to figure out
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항상 검사λ₯Ό ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
λ©”μ‹œμ§€κ°€ μ‚¬νšŒμ  μœ„ν˜‘μ„ λ‚΄ν¬ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
whether the message has a social threat attached to it.
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01:23
With that, we'll move forward to defensiveness,
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κ·Έκ±Έ ν† λŒ€λ‘œ 우린 방어적이 λ˜κΈ°λ„ ν•˜κ³ 
01:26
we'll move backwards in retreat,
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λ„ν”Όν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
and what happens is the feedback giver then starts to disregulate as well.
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ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ μ£ΌλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ„ ν—·κ°ˆλ¦¬κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
They add more ums and ahs and justifications,
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말을 λ¨Έλ¬΄μ λŒ€κ±°λ‚˜ λ³€λͺ…을 λ”ν•˜κ³ 
01:35
and the whole thing gets wonky really fast.
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λ©”μ‹œμ§€λŠ” κΈ‰μ†νžˆ λΆˆλΆ„λͺ…ν•΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:38
It doesn't have to be this way.
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κΌ­ κ·Έλž˜μ•Ό λ˜λŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
I and my team have spent many years going into different companies
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저와 제 νŒ€μ€ μˆ˜λ…„κ°„ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ„ λ°©λ¬Έν•΄
01:43
and asking who here is a great feedback giver.
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κ±°κΈ°μ„œ λˆ„κ°€ κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ μ£ΌλŠ”μ§€ λ¬Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
Anybody who's named again and again,
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이름이 많이 λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ„
01:48
we actually bring into our labs to see what they're doing differently.
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μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€μ— 뢈러 차이점을 μ•Œμ•„λ΄€κ³ 
01:52
And what we find is that there's a four-part formula
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λ„€ 가지 곡식을 μ°Ύμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
that you can use to say any difficult message well.
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ν•˜κΈ° νž˜λ“  말을 잘 μ „λ‹¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 곡식이죠.
01:58
OK, are you ready for it? Here we go.
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μ€€λΉ„λλ‚˜μš”? 말해 λ“œλ¦΄κ²Œμš”.
02:00
The first part of the formula is what we call the micro-yes.
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첫 번째 곡식은 μž‘μ€ κΈμ •μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
Great feedback givers begin their feedback
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쒋은 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ μ£ΌλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ€ ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ 쀄 λ•Œ
02:06
by asking a question that is short but important.
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μ§§μ§€λ§Œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬ΈλΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
It lets the brain know that feedback is actually coming.
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이건 λ‡Œμ— ν•˜λŠ” ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ˜ λ…Έν¬μ˜ˆμš”.
02:13
It would be something, for example, like,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄ 이런 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:15
"Do you have five minutes to talk about how that last conversation went"
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"μ €λ²ˆ 일 진행 상황을 짧게 말해 쀄 수 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?"
"일에 도움이 될 아이디어가 μžˆλŠ”λ° ν•œλ²ˆ λ“€μ–΄λ³΄μ‹€λž˜μš”?"
02:19
or "I have some ideas for how we can improve things.
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02:21
Can I share them with you?"
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02:22
This micro-yes question does two things for you.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—” 두 가지 역할이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
First of all, it's going to be a pacing tool.
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μš°μ„  이건 보쑰λ₯Ό λ§žμΆ°μ£ΌλŠ” λ„κ΅¬λ‘œμ„œ
02:27
It lets the other person know that feedback is about to be given.
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μƒλŒ€λ°©μ—κ²Œ ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ μ˜ˆκ³ ν•΄ μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
And the second thing it does is it creates a moment of buy-in.
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그리고 받아듀일 μ‹œκ°„λ„ λ²Œμ–΄μ£Όμ£ .
02:34
I can say yes or no to that yes or no question.
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μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 예, μ•„λ‹ˆμš”λ‘œ λ‹΅ν•˜λŠ” 것이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ³ 
02:36
And with that, I get a feeling of autonomy.
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μ €λŠ” μžμœ¨μ„±μ„ 얻은 기뢄이죠.
02:39
The second part of the feedback formula is going to be giving your data point.
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두 번째 곡식은 ꡬ체적 사싀을 λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
보고 듀은 것을 λͺ…ν™•νžˆ ν•˜κ³ 
02:43
Here, you should name specifically what you saw or heard,
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02:46
and cut out any words that aren't objective.
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뢈λͺ…ν™•ν•œ 말듀은 λΉΌμ•Ό ν•΄μš”.
02:49
There's a concept we call blur words.
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애맀λͺ¨ν˜Έν•œ λ‹¨μ–΄λΌλŠ” 게 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
A blur word is something that can mean different things to different people.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ§ˆλ‹€ μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ 해석할 수 μžˆλŠ” 말이죠.
뢈λͺ…ν™•ν•œ λ‹¨μ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
Blur words are not specific.
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02:56
So for example, if I say "You shouldn't be so defensive"
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄ 이런 말듀이죠.
"κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λ²½ μ„Έμš°μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”."
03:00
or "You could be more proactive."
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"더 μ „ν–₯적이 될 수 μžˆμ„ ν…λ°μš”."
03:02
What we see great feedback givers doing differently
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쒋은 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ μ£ΌλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 남과 λ‹€λ₯Έ 점은
03:04
is they'll convert their blur words into actual data points.
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λͺ…ν™•ν•œ ꡬ체적 사싀을 λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ λ§ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
So for example, instead of saying,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄
03:10
"You aren't reliable,"
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"당신을 μ‹ λ’°ν•  수 μ—†μ–΄μš”,"κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
03:12
we would say, "You said you'd get that email to me by 11,
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"11μ‹œκΉŒμ§€ 보낸닀고 ν•œ 이메일이
03:15
and I still don't have it yet."
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아직 μ•ˆ μ™”λ„€μš”."라고 ν•˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
Specificity is also important when it comes to positive feedback,
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ꡬ체성은 긍정적인 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ— μ€‘μš”ν•œλ°
03:20
and the reason for that is that we want to be able to specify exactly
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μƒλŒ€λ°©μ΄ 무엇을 λ”ν•˜κ³  무엇을 ν•˜μ§€ 말길 μ›ν•˜λŠ”μ§€
03:24
what we want the other person to increase or diminish.
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μ •ν™•ν•˜κ³  ꡬ체적으둜 μ „λ‹¬ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
And if we stick with blur words,
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애맀λͺ¨ν˜Έν•œ 말을 μ“΄λ‹€λ©΄
03:29
they actually won't have any clue particularly
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ꡬ체적인 λ‹¨μ„œλ₯Ό 얻을 수 μ—†κ³ 
03:31
what to do going forward to keep repeating that behavior.
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그런 행동을 κ³„μ†ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ•žμœΌλ‘œ μ–΄λ–€ 일을 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ λͺ¨λ₯Ό κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:34
The third part of the feedback formula is the impact statement.
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μ„Έ 번째 곡식은 κ²°κ³Ό μ„€λͺ…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
Here, you name exactly how that data point impacted you.
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κ·Έ 사싀이 미친 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ•Œλ € μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
03:40
So, for example, I might say, "Because I didn't get the message,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 이런 κ±°μ£ .
"κ·Έ λ©”μ‹œμ§€λ₯Ό λͺ» λ°›μ•„ μΌμ²˜λ¦¬μ— 차질이 생겨 진행을 λͺ» ν–ˆμ–΄μš”,"
03:43
I was blocked on my work and couldn't move forward"
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"덧뢙여 μ€€ μ„€λͺ…이
03:46
or "I really liked how you added those stories,
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03:48
because it helped me grasp the concepts faster."
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κ°œλ…μ„ 더 빨리 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움을 μ€˜μ„œ 정말 μ’‹μ•˜μ–΄μš”."
03:50
It gives you a sense of purpose
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄ λͺ©μ  μ˜μ‹κ³Ό 사싀 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ μ˜λ―Έμ™€ 논리λ₯Ό μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
and meaning and logic between the points,
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03:55
which is something the brain really craves.
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λ‡Œκ°€ 정말 μ›ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
03:57
The fourth part of the feedback formula is a question.
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λ„€ 번째 곡식은 μ§ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:01
Great feedback givers wrap their feedback message with a question.
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쒋은 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ€ 질문으둜 λ§ˆλ¬΄λ¦¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:05
They'll ask something like,
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이런 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
"Well, how do you see it?"
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"μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•΄μš”?"
04:08
Or "This is what I'm thinking we should do,
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"제 생각엔 이게 쒋을 것 같은데 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•΄μš”?"
04:10
but what are your thoughts on it?"
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04:12
What it does is it creates commitment rather than just compliance.
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κ°•μ œμ„±λ³΄λ‹€ μ±…μž„κ°μ„ λΆ€μ—¬ν•˜κ³ 
04:15
It makes the conversation no longer be a monologue,
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ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ€ 더 이상 혼잣말이 μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ 
04:18
but rather becomes a joint problem-solving situation.
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ν•¨κ»˜ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ” 게 되죠.
04:22
But there's one last thing.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ ν•œ 가지가 더 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
Great feedback givers not only can say messages well,
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쒋은 ν”Όλ“œλ°± μ œκ³΅μžλŠ” 전달에 λŠ₯ν•  뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
04:26
but also, they ask for feedback regularly.
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주기적으둜 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ μš”κ΅¬ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:29
In fact, our research on perceived leadership
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사싀, 인지 리더쉽에 κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Ό
04:31
shows that you shouldn't wait for feedback to be given to you --
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ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ΄ 였기λ₯Ό κΈ°λ‹€λ¦¬λŠ”
04:35
what we call push feedback --
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μˆ˜λ™μ μΈ ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
04:37
but rather, you should actively ask for feedback,
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ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ ν™œλ°œνžˆ μš”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ”
04:39
what we call pulling feedback.
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λŠ₯동적 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:41
Pulling feedback establishes you as a continual learner
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λŠ₯동적 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λŠμž„μ—†μ΄ 배울 수 있게 ν•˜κ³ 
04:45
and puts the power in your hands.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ£Όλ„κΆŒμ„ μ₯κ²Œ ν•΄ μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:47
The most challenging situations
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κ°€μž₯ μ–΄λ €μš΄ 상황은
04:49
are actually the ones that call for the most skillful feedback.
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κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ μš”κ΅¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ–΄λ €μšΈ κ±° μ—†μ–΄μš”.
04:52
But it doesn't have to be hard.
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04:53
Now that you know this four-part formula,
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이제 이 λ„€ 가지 곡식을 μ•Œμ•˜μœΌλ‹ˆ
04:55
you can mix and match it to make it work for any difficult conversation.
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μ–΄λ– ν•œ μ–΄λ €μš΄ ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ—λ“  μ„žμ–΄μ„œ μ‘μš©ν•΄ λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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