Jeff Bezos: The electricity metaphor

1,447,148 views ・ 2007-05-16

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Hyunwoo Park κ²€ν† : Moonjeong Kang
00:26
When you think about resilience and technology it's actually much easier.
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기술과 μΎŒν™œμ„±μ„ ν•¨κ»˜ 생각할 λ•Œ, 그건 사싀 μ•„μ£Ό μ‰¬μ›Œμ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
You're going to see some other speakers today, I already know,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ 였늘 λ‹€λ₯Έ λΆ„λ“€μ˜ 강연도 λ“€μœΌμ‹€ 거라고 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
who are going to talk about breaking-bones stuff,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°œν‘œμž 뢄듀은 정말 멋진 것듀에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 이야기λ₯Ό ν•˜μ‹€ν…λ°,
00:35
and, of course, with technology it never is.
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기술 μžμ²΄λŠ” 사싀 λ³„λ‘œ μž¬λ―Έκ°€ μ—†κ²Œ 마련이죠.
00:37
So it's very easy, comparatively speaking, to be resilient.
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λΉ„κ΅ν•΄μ„œ λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄, λ‹€μ‹œ ν™œλ ₯을 λ˜μ°ΎλŠ” 것은 μ•„μ£Ό μ‰¬μš΄ μΌμ΄μ—μš”.
00:41
I think that, if we look at what happened on the Internet,
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본둠으둜 λ“€μ–΄κ°€μ„œ, μ§€λ‚œ 5~6λ…„κ°„μ˜ 격동기에
00:43
with such an incredible last half a dozen years,
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인터넷 μ‚°μ—…μ—μ„œ μ–΄λ–€ 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό 생각해보면
00:47
that it's hard to even get the right analogy for it.
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인터넷 산업에 λŒ€ν•œ μ μ ˆν•œ λΉ„μœ λ₯Ό μ°ΎλŠ” 것이 μ‰½μ§€λ§Œμ€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
A lot of how we decide, how we're supposed to react to things
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 결정을 λ‚΄λ €μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€, μ–΄λ–€ μΌλ“€μ΄λ‚˜ 사물에 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ°˜μ‘ν•΄μ•Όν•˜λŠ”μ§€,
00:54
and what we're supposed to expect about the future
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ―Έλž˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 무엇을 κΈ°λŒ€ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λŠ”μ§€λŠ”
00:56
depends on how we bucket things
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 세상을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ–΄λ³΄λŠ”μ§€μ™€
00:58
and how we categorize them.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 사물을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λΆ„λ₯˜ν•˜λŠ”지에 λ‹¬λ €μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
And so I think the tempting analogy for the boom-bust
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ ν”νžˆ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–Όλ§ˆ 전에 인터넷을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ κ²ͺμ—ˆλ˜
01:03
that we just went through with the Internet is a gold rush.
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λ²„λΈ”μ˜ ν˜•μ„±κ³Ό λΆ•κ΄΄λ₯Ό κ³¨λ“œλŸ¬μ‹œμ™€ λΉ„κ΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
It's easy to think of this analogy as very different
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이 밖에도 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 곡톡점듀을 μ°Ύμ•„λ‚΄μ„œ
01:10
from some of the other things you might pick.
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인터넷과 κ³¨λ“œλŸ¬μ‹œλ₯Ό λΉ„μœ ν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:12
For one thing, both were very real.
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μš°μ„  첫째둜, 이 λ‘˜μ€ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
In 1849, in that Gold Rush, they took over $700 million
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1849λ…„ κ³¨λ“œλŸ¬μ‹œμ—μ„œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 7μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬ 이상을
01:18
worth of gold out of California. It was very real.
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μΊ˜λ¦¬ν¬λ‹ˆμ•„μ˜ κΈˆκ΄‘μ—μ„œ λ²Œμ–΄λ“€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 정말 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ μΌμ΄μ§€μš”.
01:20
The Internet was also very real. This is a real way for humans to
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인터넷 λ˜ν•œ μ •λ§λ‘œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ£ . 인터넷은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
01:24
communicate with each other. It's a big deal.
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μ„œλ‘œ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ‹€μ§ˆμ μΈ μˆ˜λ‹¨μ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”. 이건 정말 λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
Huge boom. Huge boom. Huge bust. Huge bust.
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λ‘˜ λ‹€ 큰 뢐을 μ΄λ£¨μ—ˆκ³ , κ·Έ κ±°ν’ˆλ“€μ€ λͺ¨λ‘ 크게 κΊΌμ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:31
You keep going, and both things are lots of hype.
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계속 λ³΄μ„Έμš”, 두 가지 λͺ¨λ‘ κ³ΌλŒ€ μ„ μ „μœΌλ‘œ 가득차 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
01:34
I don't have to remind you of all the hype
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인터넷과 κ΄€λ ¨λœ λͺ¨λ“  μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ κ³ΌλŒ€ 선전에 λŒ€ν•΄ λͺ¨λ‘ 이야기 ν•  ν•„μš”λŠ” μ—†κ² μ§€μš”.
01:37
that was involved with the Internet -- like GetRich.com.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄ GetRich.com (λΆ€μžλ˜μ„Έμš”.com) 처럼 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
But you had the same thing with the Gold Rush. "Gold. Gold. Gold."
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κ³¨λ“œλŸ¬μ‹œ μ‹œμ ˆμ—λ„ λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 것이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "금. 금. 금."
01:43
Sixty-eight rich men on the Steamer Portland. Stacks of yellow metal.
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ν¬ν‹€λžœλ“œ 증기선을 탄 68λͺ…μ˜ λΆ€μžλ“€. μ‚°λ”λ―Έμ²˜λŸΌ μŒ“μΈ λ…Έλž€μƒ‰ κΈˆμ†.
01:47
Some have 5,000. Many have more.
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λͺ‡λͺ‡μ€ 5000λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό λ²Œμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 더 많이 번 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ„ μžˆμ§€μš”.
01:50
A few bring out 100,000 dollars each.
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μ†Œμˆ˜μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ— 100,000λ‹¬λŸ¬μ”© λ²Œμ–΄λ“€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:54
People would get very excited about this when they read these articles.
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이런 기사듀을 읽고 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ ν₯λΆ„ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
"The Eldorado of the United States of America:
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미ꡭ의 μ—˜λ„λΌλ„.
02:00
the discovery of inexhaustible gold mines in California."
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μΊ˜λ¦¬ν¬λ‹ˆμ•„μ—μ„œ κ³ κ°ˆλ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” κΈˆκ΄‘λ“€ 발견.
02:06
And the parallels between the Gold Rush and the Internet Rush continue very strongly.
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κ³¨λ“œ λŸ¬μ‹œμ™€ 인터넷 λŸ¬μ‹œ(닷컴버블)λŠ” λΉ„μŠ·ν•˜κ²Œλ„ κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ κ°•λ ₯ν•˜κ²Œ μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
02:10
So many people left what they were doing.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžκΈ°κ°€ ν•˜κ³  있던 일을 버리고 λ– λ‚¬μ§€μš”.
02:13
And what would happen is -- and the Gold Rush went on for years.
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κ·Έ 열풍은 -- 그리고 κ³¨λ“œλŸ¬μ‹œλŠ” λͺ‡ λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ§€μ†λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
People on the East Coast in 1849, when they first started to get the news,
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1849λ…„μ—λŠ” λ―Έκ΅­ 동뢀에 있던 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ κΈˆκ΄‘μ— λŒ€ν•œ λ‰΄μŠ€λ₯Ό 처음 λ“€μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ,
02:20
they thought, "Ah, this isn't real."
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"음, 거짓말일거야." 라고 μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
But they keep hearing about people getting rich,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λΆ€μžκ°€ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” μ†Œμ‹μ΄ 계속 λ“€λ €μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
and then in 1850 they still hear that. And they think it's not real.
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1850년에도 같은 μ†Œμ‹μ„ 계속 λ“£μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그듀은 그것이 κ°€μ§œλΌκ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμ£ .
02:28
By about 1852, they're thinking, "Am I the stupidest person on Earth
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1852λ…„μ―€λ˜μž 그듀은 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. "μ΄λŸ¬λ‹€ λ‚˜ 혼자 λ°”λ³΄λ˜λŠ” 것 아냐?
02:33
by not rushing to California?" And they start to decide they are.
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μ§€κΈˆμ΄λΌλ„ 빨리 μΊ˜λ¦¬ν¬λ‹ˆμ•„λ‘œ κ°€μ•Όν•˜λ‚˜?" 그리고 λ– λ‚˜κΈ°λ‘œ λ§ˆμŒμ„ λ¨ΉκΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ£ .
02:37
These are community affairs, by the way.
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κ·ΈλŸ°λ°μš”, 이것은 지역 μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ 곡동체와 κ΄€λ ¨λœ λ¬Έμ œμ—μš”.
02:39
Local communities on the East Coast would get together and whole teams
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λ―Έκ΅­ λ™λΆ€μ˜ μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒλ“€μ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λͺ¨μ•„ 10~20λͺ… λ‹¨μœ„λ‘œ 그룹을 μ‘°μ§ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:42
of 10, 20 people would caravan across the United States,
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그리고 ν•¨κ»˜ λ―Έκ΅­ λŒ€λ₯™μ„ κ±΄λ„ˆκ°”μ§€μš”.
02:45
and they would form companies.
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그리고 νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ„ μ„€λ¦½ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:47
These were typically not solitary efforts. But no matter what,
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λŒ€κ²ŒλŠ” λ‹¨λ…μœΌλ‘œ μΌν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”. λ‹Ήμ‹  직업이 λ¬΄μ—‡μ΄μ—ˆλ“  간에,
02:50
if you were a lawyer or a banker, people dropped what they were doing,
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λ³€ν˜Έμ‚¬μ˜€λ“  μ€ν–‰κ°€μ˜€λ“ , μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μžκΈ°κ°€ ν•˜κ³  있던 직업을 λ²„λ Έμ–΄μš”.
02:53
no matter what skill set they had, to go pan for gold.
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무슨 λŠ₯λ ₯κ³Ό κΈ°μˆ μ„ 가지고 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜μ§€κ°„μ—, λͺ¨λ‘ κΈˆμ„ 캐러 λ‚˜μ„  κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
02:57
This guy on the left, Dr. Richard Beverley Cole,
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μ—¬κΈ° μ™Όμͺ½μ— μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ€, μ˜μ‚¬μ˜€λ˜ λ¦¬μ°¨λ“œ 베버리 콜 μ”¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
he lived in Philadelphia and he took the Panama route.
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필라델피아에 μ‚΄μ•˜μ—ˆκ³ μš”, νŒŒλ‚˜λ§ˆλ‘œ κ°€λŠ” 길을 μ„ νƒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
They would take a ship down to Panama, across the isthmus,
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λ°°λ₯Ό 타고 νŒŒλ‚˜λ§ˆλ‘œ λ‚΄λ €κ°€μ„œ μ§€ν˜‘μ„ κ±΄λ„Œ 후에,
03:06
and then take another ship north.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ°°λ₯Ό 타고 뢁μͺ½μœΌλ‘œ μ˜¬λΌκ°”λ˜ 것이죠.
03:08
This guy, Dr. Toland, went by covered wagon to California.
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜μ‚¬, ν†¨λžœλ“œ μ”¨λŠ” 마차λ₯Ό 타고 μΊ˜λ¦¬ν¬λ‹ˆμ•„λ‘œ κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:13
This has its parallels, too. Doctors leaving their practices.
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두 μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 곡톡점은 λ‘˜ λ‹€ 자기 직업을 ν¬κΈ°ν•˜κ³  λ– λ‚¬λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
These are both very successful -- a physician in one case,
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이 뢄듀은 λͺ¨λ‘ μ„±κ³΅ν•œ 삢을 μ‚΄κ³ μžˆμ—ˆμ£ . ν•œ λͺ…은 λ‚΄κ³Όμ˜μ‚¬μ˜€κ³ ,
03:19
a surgeon in the other.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•œ λͺ…은 μ™Έκ³Όμ˜μ‚¬μ˜€μœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
03:20
Same thing happened on the Internet. You get DrKoop.com.
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μΈν„°λ„·μ—μ„œλ„ λ˜‘κ°™μ€ 일이 λ°œμƒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. DrKoop.com(μ˜μ‚¬ μΏ±.com)을 λ³΄μ‹œμ£ .
03:24
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
03:25
In the Gold Rush, people literally jumped ship.
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κ³¨λ“œλŸ¬μ‹œ μ‹œμ ˆμ— μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 말 κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ λ¬΄μž‘μ • 배에 νƒ”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
The San Francisco harbor was clogged with 600 ships at the peak
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ν•œμ°½μΌ λ•Œ, μƒŒν”„λž€μ‹œμŠ€μ½” 항은 600μ—¬μ²™μ˜ 배둜 꽉 λ§‰ν˜€μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:35
because the ships would get there and the crews would abandon
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ λ°°κ°€ λ„μ°©ν•˜κ³  λ‚˜μ„œ, 선원듀이 λͺ¨λ‘ λ°°λ₯Ό 버리고
03:37
to go search for gold.
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κΈˆμ„ 찾으러 가버렸기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
03:39
So there were literally 600 captains and 600 ships.
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즉, 말 κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ 600μ²™μ˜ 배에 600λͺ…μ˜ μ„ μž₯λ“€λ§Œ 남은 κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
03:43
They turned the ships into hotels, because they couldn't sail them anywhere.
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그듀은 μ•„μ˜ˆ λ°°λ₯Ό ν˜Έν…”λ‘œ λ°”κΏ”λ²„λ Έμ–΄μš”. μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 항해에 ν•„μš”ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ ꡬ할 μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
03:46
You had dotcom fever. And you had gold fever.
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λ‹·μ»΄ 열풍과 ν™©κΈˆ 열풍.
03:51
And you saw some of the excesses
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λ‹·μ»΄ 열풍이 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚Έ κ³Όλ„ν•œ κ·Έ 무엇인가λ₯Ό
03:53
that the dotcom fever created and the same thing happened.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ³¨λ“œλŸ¬μ‹œμ—μ„œλ„ 확인해 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
The fort in San Francisco at the time had about 1,300 soldiers.
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λ‹Ήμ‹œ μƒŒν”„λž€μ‹œμŠ€μ½” ν•­μ—λŠ” μ•½ 1,300λͺ…μ˜ ꡰ인이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:01
Half of them deserted to go look for gold.
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κ·Έ 쀑 μ ˆλ°˜μ€ κΈˆμ„ 찾으러 κ°€ λ²„λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:05
And they wouldn't let the other half out to go look for the first half
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남은 절반의 병사듀을 μ‹œμΌœμ„œ κΈˆμ„ μ°Ύμ•„ λ– λ‚œ 병사λ₯Ό 찾으러 갈 μˆ˜λ„ μ—†λŠ” 것이
04:08
because they were afraid they wouldn't come back.
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그러면 찾으러 κ°„ 병사듀도 μ•ˆ λŒμ•„μ˜¬ 것 κ°™μ•˜κ±°λ“ μš”.
04:10
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
04:12
And one of the soldiers wrote home, and this is the sentence that he put:
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κ·Έ 병사듀 쀑 ν•œ λͺ…이 μ§‘μœΌλ‘œ 보낸 νŽΈμ§€ 쀑 ν•œ λ¬Έμž₯을 μ½μ–΄λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:15
"The struggle between right and six dollars a month
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"μ˜³μ€ 일을 ν•˜κ³  ν•œ 달에 6λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό λ°›λŠ” 것과
04:19
and wrong and 75 dollars a day is a rather severe one."
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κ·Έλ₯Έ 일을 ν•˜κ³  ν•˜λ£¨μ— 75λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό λ°›λŠ” 것 쀑에 μ„ νƒν•˜λŠ” 것은 κ½€ μ–΄λ €μš΄ λ¬Έμ œλ‹€."
04:27
They had bad burn rate in the Gold Rush. A very bad burn rate.
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κ³¨λ“œλŸ¬μ‹œ μ‹œμ ˆμ—λŠ” κ²½λΉ„ μ§€μΆœ 속도(burn rate)κ°€ 쒋지 μ•Šμ•˜μ£ . μ•„μ£Ό λ‚˜μœ κ²½λΉ„ μ§€μΆœ 속도λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆμ£ .
04:31
This is actually from the Klondike Gold Rush. This is the White Pass Trail.
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이 사진은 μ‹€μ œ 클둠닀이크 κ³¨λ“œλŸ¬μ‹œμ—μ„œ 찍은 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—¬κΈ°κ°€ ν™”μ΄νŠΈ 패슀 μ˜€μ†”κΈΈμ΄κ³ μš”.
04:35
They loaded up their mules and their horses.
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λ‹Ήμ‹œμ—λŠ” λ…Έμƒˆμ™€ 말에 짐을 μ‹£κ³  μ΄λ™ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
And they didn't plan right.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ³„νšμ„ μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μ§œμ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:43
And they didn't know how far they would really have to go,
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 멀리 κ°€μ•Όν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ „ν˜€ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:46
and they overloaded the horses with hundreds and hundreds of pounds of stuff.
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말에 수백 kg의 짐을 μ‹€μ—ˆλ˜ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:50
In fact it was so bad that most of the horses died
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κ²°κ΅­ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 말듀이 λͺ©μ μ§€μ—λŠ” 가보기도 전에
04:54
before they could get where they were going.
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μ „λΆ€ μ£½μ–΄λ²„λ¦¬λŠ” 비극이 λ°œμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:56
It got renamed the "Dead Horse Trail."
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길의 이름이 μ•„μ˜ˆ "죽은 λ§λ“€μ˜ κΈΈ" λ°”λ€Œμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:58
And the Canadian Minister of the Interior wrote this at the time:
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μΊλ‚˜λ‹€μ˜ 내무뢀 μž₯관은 λ‹Ήμ‹œ 상황을 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ „ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:02
"Thousands of pack horses lie dead along the way,
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"κΈΈ μœ„μ— 수천 마리의 짐꾼용 말듀이 μ£½μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€.
05:05
sometimes in bunches under the cliffs,
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절벽 밑에도 많이 λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ μžˆμ—ˆκ³ ,
05:07
with pack saddles and packs where they've fallen from the rock above,
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말 μ•ˆμž₯κ³Ό 짐듀도 절벽의 λ°”μœ„λ“€μ— λ„λΆ€λŸ¬μ Έ μžˆμ—ˆκ³ ,
05:11
sometimes in tangled masses, filling the mud holes
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μ–΄λ–€ κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” λ‹€ 같이 λ’€μ„žμ—¬μ„œ 범벅이 된 곳도 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€.
05:14
and furnishing the only footing for our poor pack animals on the march,
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λΆˆμŒν•œ λ…Έμƒˆμ™€ 말듀을 겨우 κΎΈλ €μ„œ ν–‰κ΅°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 것이닀.
05:17
often, I regret to say, exhausted, but still alive,
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λ”μš± μ•ˆνƒ€κΉŒμš΄ 것은 거의 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ΄ 죽지 μ•Šμ„ μ •λ„λ‘œ μ‚΄μ•„μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것이닀.
05:21
a fact we were unaware of, until after the miserable wretches
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λΆˆμŒν•˜κ²Œ μ£½μ–΄κ°„ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ μ‹œμ²΄κ°€ λ§λ°œκ΅½μ— 밟히기 μ „κΉŒμ§€λŠ”
05:24
turned beneath the hooves of our cavalcade.
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거기에 μ‹œμ²΄κ°€ μžˆλŠ” 쀄도 λͺ¨λ₯Ό μ •λ„λ‘œ μ²˜μ°Έν–ˆλ‹€.
05:27
The eyeless sockets of the pack animals everywhere
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μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ λ§Žμ€ κΉŒλ§ˆκ·€λ“€μ΄ κΈΈ 주변에 κ°€λ“ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
05:29
account for the myriads of ravens along the road.
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짐승 μ‹œμ²΄μ˜ 눈이 μ™œ λ‹€λ“€ μ—†μ–΄μ Έλ²„λ ΈλŠ”μ§€ λ°”λ‘œ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€.
05:32
The inhumanity which this trail has been witness to,
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이 κΈΈμ—μ„œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 비인간적인 행동듀과
05:34
the heartbreak and suffering which so many have undergone,
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μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 이듀이 κ²ͺμ—ˆλ˜ κ°€μŠ΄ μ•„ν”ˆ 사연듀은
05:37
cannot be imagined. They certainly cannot be described."
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상상을 μ΄ˆμ›”ν•œλ‹€. 차마 말둜 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° νž˜λ“€ 정도닀."
05:42
And you know, without the smell that would have accompanied that,
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이 정도면 μ§€κΈˆμ―€ μ œκ°€ 무슨 μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό ν•˜λ €λŠ”μ§€ 감이 μ˜€μ‹œλŠ” 뢄듀도 μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:47
we had the same thing on the Internet: very bad burn rate calculations.
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μΈν„°λ„·μ—μ„œλ„ 같은 ν˜„μƒμ΄ μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 것이죠. μ΄ˆλ°˜μ— λˆμ„ 막 μ“°λ©΄μ„œ νšŒμ‚¬λ₯Ό μš΄μ˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:52
I'll just play one of these and you'll remember it.
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μ œκ°€ 예둜 λΉ„λ””μ˜€ ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό ν‹€μ–΄λ“œλ¦΄κ²Œμš”. μ•„λ§ˆ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ‹€κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:55
This is a commercial that was played on the Super Bowl in the year 2000.
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이것은 2000년에 슈퍼볼 TV 방솑 쀑간에 μ‚½μž…λ˜μ—ˆλ˜ κ΄‘κ³ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:59
(Video): Bride #1: You said you had a large selection of invitations. Clerk: But we do.
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(λΉ„λ””μ˜€): μ‹ λΆ€ 1: 전에 λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ 청첩μž₯의 μ’…λ₯˜κ°€ λ§Žλ‹€κ³  ν–ˆμž–μ•„μš”. 점원: 예. κ·Έλž¬μ§€μš”.
06:03
Bride #2: Then why does she have my invitation?
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μ‹ λΆ€ 2: 그런데 μ™œ μ € μ—¬μžκ°€ λ‚˜λž‘ 같은 청첩μž₯을 λ“€κ³  μžˆλŠ”κ±°μ—μš”?
06:06
Announcer: What may be a little thing to some ... Bride #3: You are mine, little man.
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ν•΄μ„€μž: λˆ„κ΅°κ°€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” 별 것 아닐 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλŠ” 것이 ... μ‹ λΆ€ 3: λ„Œ λ‚΄κ±°μ•Ό, 이 μžμ‹μ•„.
06:11
Announcer: Could be a really big deal to you. Husband #1: Is that your wife?
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ν•΄μ„€μž: λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²ŒλŠ” μ•„μ£Ό μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것일 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‚¨νŽΈ 1: μ €κ±° λ„€ 아내냐?
06:15
Husband #2: Not for another 15 minutes. Announcer: After all, it's your special day.
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λ‚¨νŽΈ 2: μ•žμœΌλ‘œ 15뢄간은 μ•„λ‹Œκ±Έλ‘œ ν•˜μž. ν•΄μ„€μž: μ–΄μ°Œλ˜μ—ˆλ“ , λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ νŠΉλ³„ν•œ λ‚ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:23
OurBeginning.com. Life's an event. Announce it to the world.
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OurBeginning.com(μš°λ¦¬μ˜μ‹œμž‘.com). 삢은 μ΄λ²€νŠΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 세상에 μ•Œλ¦¬μ„Έμš”.
06:26
Jeff Bezos: It's very difficult to figure out what that ad is for.
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μ œν”„ 베쑰슀: 사싀 이 κ΄‘κ³ κ°€ 무엇을 μœ„ν•œ 광고인지 νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κΈ°λ„ 맀우 μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ
06:30
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
06:33
But they spent three and a half million dollars
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그런데 μ € νšŒμ‚¬λŠ” 350만 λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό
06:35
in the 2000 Super Bowl to air that ad,
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2000λ…„ 슈퍼볼 μ‹œμ¦Œμ— λ°©μ†‘ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ μΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:38
even though, at the time, they only had a million dollars in annual revenue.
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κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ— μ—°κ°„ λ§€μΆœμ•‘μ΄ 100만 λ‹¬λŸ¬ 밖에 μ•ˆ λ˜λŠ” νšŒμ‚¬μ˜€λŠ”λ° λ§μ΄μ§€μš”.
06:44
Now, here's where our analogy with the Gold Rush starts to diverge,
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° 인터넷 산업을 κ³¨λ“œλŸ¬μ‹œμ™€ λΉ„μœ ν•˜λŠ” 것에
06:48
and I think rather severely.
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λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ°œμƒν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:50
And that is, in a gold rush, when it's over, it's over.
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그것은, κ³¨λ“œλŸ¬μ‹œλŠ” ν•œ 번 λλ‚¬μœΌλ©΄ 정말 λλ‚œ κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:54
Here's this guy: "There are many men in Dawson
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μ—¬κΈ° 이 μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 말을 λ³΄μ‹œμ£ . "μ§€κΈˆ λ„μŠ¨ μ‹œμ—λŠ”
06:57
at the present time who feel keenly disappointed.
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κ½€λ‚˜ μ‹€λ§ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 많이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:59
They've come thousands of miles on a perilous trip, risked life, health and property,
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λͺ©μˆ¨, 건강, μž¬μ‚° 등을 κ±Έκ³  μœ„ν—˜ν•œ κΈΈ 수천 λ§ˆμΌμ„ λ‹¬λ €μ™€μ„œ
07:04
spent months of the most arduous labor a man can perform
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인간이 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ°€μž₯ 고된 일을 λͺ‡ λ‹¬μ΄λ‚˜ ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:07
and at length with expectations raised to the highest pitch
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κ·Έ 와쀑에 κΈ°λŒ€λŠ” 끝없이 컀져 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:10
have reached the coveted goal only to discover
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, λšœκ»‘μ„ μ—΄μ–΄λ³΄μž
07:12
the fact that there is nothing here for them."
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싀상 μžκΈ°λ“€μ΄ κ°€μ Έκ°ˆ λͺ«μ€ 아무 것도 μ—†μ—ˆλ˜ 것이죠."
07:16
And that was, of course, the very common story.
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사싀 이런 것듀은 μ•„μ£Ό ν”ν•œ 이야기 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:19
Because when you take out that last piece of gold --
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 금 쑰각이 μ±„κ΄‘λ˜μ—ˆλ˜ μˆœκ°„ --
07:21
and they did incredibly quickly. I mean, if you look at the 1849 Gold Rush --
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그리고 μ‹€μ œλ‘œλ„ 믿을 수 μ—†μ„λ§ŒνΌ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ κΈˆμ„ λ‹€ μΊλƒˆμ§€μš”. 즉, 1849λ…„ κ³¨λ“œλŸ¬μ‹œ λ™μ•ˆ
07:26
the entire American river region, within two years --
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미ꡭ의 μ „μ—­μ˜ κ°•κ°€μ—μ„œ, 단 2λ…„ λ§Œμ—
07:29
every stone had been turned. And after that, only big companies
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λͺ¨λ“  λŒλ“€μ΄ 금이 λ“€μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ ν™•μΈλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 κ·Έ λ’€μ—λŠ”,
07:33
who used more sophisticated mining technologies
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μ’€ 더 κ³ λ„μ˜ 채광 κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 큰 νšŒμ‚¬λ“€λ§Œμ΄
07:35
started to take gold out of there.
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κΈˆμ„ 캐낼 수 있게 λ˜μ—ˆλ˜ 것이죠.
07:38
So there's a much better analogy that allows you to be incredibly optimistic
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자, 여기에 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ„ μ•„μ£Ό λ‚™κ΄€μ μœΌλ‘œ λ°”κΎΈμ–΄μ€„λ§Œν•œ 훨씬 λ‚˜μ€ λΉ„μœ κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:44
and that analogy is the electric industry.
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κ·Έ λΉ„μœ  λŒ€μƒμ€ λ°”λ‘œ μ „κΈ° μ‚°μ—… μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:49
And there are a lot of similarities between the Internet and the electric industry.
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인터넷과 μ „κΈ° μ‚°μ—… μ‚¬μ΄μ—λŠ” λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 점듀이 μ•„μ£Ό λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:53
With the electric industry you actually have to --
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μ „κΈ° μ‚°μ—…μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ‹€μ œλ‘œ --
07:56
one of them is that they're both sort of thin,
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두 μ‚°μ—…μ˜ 곡톡점 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” λ‘˜ λ‹€ μΌμ’…μ˜ μ–‡κ³  μˆ˜ν‰μ μΈ κ΅¬μ‘°λΌμ„œ
07:58
horizontal, enabling layers that go across lots of different industries.
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μ—¬λŸ¬ μ‚°μ—… μ „λ°˜μ— κ±Έμ³μ„œ ν™œμš©λ  수 μžˆλŠ” μ‚°μ—…μ΄λΌλŠ” 점 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:01
It's not a specific thing.
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μ–΄λ–€ νŠΉμ •ν•œ μš©λ„μ—λ§Œ ν™œμš©λ  수 μžˆλŠ” 산업이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
08:05
But electricity is also very, very broad, so you have to sort of narrow it down.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 전기라고 ν•˜λ©΄ λ²”μœ„κ°€ λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ„“μœΌλ‹ˆ, κ°œλ…μ„ μ’€ 쒁힐 ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:10
You know, it can be used as an incredible means of transmitting power.
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μ•„μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό, μ „κΈ°λŠ” 동λ ₯을 μ „μ†‘ν•˜λŠ” ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ μˆ˜λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©λ  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:14
It's an incredible means of coordinating,
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λ˜ν•œ, μ •λ³΄μ˜ 흐름을 μ•„μ£Ό λ―Έμ„Έν•˜κ²Œ
08:16
in a very fine-grained way, information flows.
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μ‘°μ ˆν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 방법을 μ œκ³΅ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:18
There's a bunch of things that are interesting about electricity.
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전기에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ ν₯미둜운 것듀은 정말 λ§Žμ§€μš”.
08:21
And the part of the electric revolution that I want to focus on
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κ·Έ μ „κΈ° 혁λͺ… μ€‘μ—μ„œ μ œκ°€ νŠΉλ³„νžˆ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  싢은 뢀뢄은
08:26
is sort of the golden age of appliances.
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κ°€μ „μ œν’ˆμ˜ 전성기에 λŒ€ν•œ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:29
The killer app that got the world ready for appliances was the light bulb.
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온 세상이 κ°€μ „μ œν’ˆμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 눈뜨게 λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆλ˜ 멋진 물건은 λ°”λ‘œ μ „κ΅¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:34
So the light bulb is what wired the world.
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즉, 전ꡬ가 세상에 μ „κΈ°λ₯Ό κΉ”κ²Œ ν•œ 것이죠.
08:36
And they weren't thinking about appliances when they wired the world.
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사싀 μ „κΈ°λ₯Ό μ„€μΉ˜ν•  λ‹Ήμ‹œμ— κ°€μ „μ œν’ˆμ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 미리 생각을 ν–ˆλ˜ 건 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
08:40
They were really thinking about --
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그듀이 정말 μƒκ°ν–ˆλ˜ 것은 --
08:42
they weren't putting electricity into the home;
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그듀은 집에 μ „κΈ°λ₯Ό λ„£λŠ”λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆλ˜ 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ,
08:44
they were putting lighting into the home.
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집에 λΆˆλΉ›μ„ κ³΅κΈ‰ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ μ „κΈ°λ₯Ό μ„€μΉ˜ν–ˆλ˜ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:47
And, but it really -- it got the electricity. It took a long time.
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그리고 결ꡭ은 μ „κΈ°μ˜ λ²”μš©μ„±μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λˆˆμ„ 뜨게 λ˜μ—ˆμ–΄μš”. κ·ΈλŸ¬κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ 였랜 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ κ±Έλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:51
This was a huge -- as you would expect -- a huge capital build out.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€λ„ μ˜ˆμƒν•˜λ‹€μ‹œν”Ό, μ „κΈ°λ₯Ό μ„€μΉ˜ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것은 μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 자본 투자λ₯Ό ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:55
All the streets had to be torn up.
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λͺ¨λ“  길거리가 νŒŒν—€μ³μ Έμ•Ό ν–ˆμ§€μš”.
08:58
This is work going on down in lower Manhattan
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이 사진은 λ§¨ν•΄νŠΌ μ‹œλ‚΄μ˜ μ „κΈ° μ„€μΉ˜ 곡사 μž₯면을 λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:02
where they built some of the first electric power generating stations.
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λ§¨ν•΄νŠΌμ€ μ „λ ₯λ°œμ „μ†Œκ°€ 처음으둜 μ„Έμ›Œμ§„ κ³³λ“€ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:06
And they're tearing up all the streets.
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그리고 λ„λ‘œλ„ λ‹€ λœ―μ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:08
The Edison Electric Company, which became Edison General Electric,
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"μ—λ””μŠ¨ μ œλ„€λŸ΄ μΌλ ‰νŠΈλ¦­"μ΄λž€ 이름을 κ±°μ³μ„œ μ§€κΈˆμ€ "μ œλ„€λŸ΄ μΌλ ‰νŠΈλ¦­"이 된
09:11
which became General Electric,
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"μ—λ””μŠ¨ μ „κΈ° νšŒμ‚¬"λŠ” λ‹Ήμ‹œμ—
09:13
paid for all of this digging up of the streets. It was incredibly expensive.
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λ„λ‘œλ₯Ό 파 λ’€μ§‘λŠ” μž‘μ—…μ— λŒ€ν•œ λˆμ„ λͺ¨λ‘ μ§€λΆˆν•΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 정말 λΉ„μŒŒμ§€μš”.
09:19
But that is not the -- and that's not the part that's really most similar to the Web.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 뢀뢄은, μ›Ήκ³Ό μ „κΈ° μ‚°μ—…μ˜ μœ μ‚¬μ μ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:26
Because, remember, the Web got to stand
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄, 돌이켜 λ³Ό λ•Œ, μ›Ήμ΄λΌλŠ” 것은
09:28
on top of all this heavy infrastructure
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λͺ¨λ“  인프라듀 μœ„μ— μ„Έμ›Œμ‘ŒκΈ° λ•Œλ¬ΈμΈλ°,
09:30
that had been put in place because of the long-distance phone network.
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이 같은 μΈν”„λΌλŠ” μž₯거리 μ „ν™” λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œ 처음 μ„€μΉ˜λœ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
09:33
So all of the cabling and all of the heavy infrastructure --
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κ·Έ λͺ¨λ“  케이블 곡사와 λͺ¨λ“  톡신 인프라듀 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:36
I'm going back now to, sort of, the explosive part of the Web in 1994,
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자, 1994λ…„, 웹이 폭발적으둜 μ„±μž₯ν•˜λ˜ μ‹œκΈ°λ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
09:40
when it was growing 2,300 percent a year.
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웹이 맀년 2300% μ”© μ„±μž₯ν•˜κ³  있던 μ‹œμ ˆ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:42
How could it grow at 2,300 percent a year in 1994
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 맀년 2300% μ”©μ΄λ‚˜ μ„±μž₯ν–ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
09:45
when people weren't really investing in the Web?
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1994λ…„μ—λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 웹에 크게 νˆ¬μžν•˜κ³  μžˆμ§€λ„ μ•Šμ•˜λŠ”λ° λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:48
Well, it was because that heavy infrastructure had already been laid down.
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음, 그것은 μ•„λ§ˆλ„ μ˜¨κ°– λΉ„μ‹Ό 인프라듀이 이미 κΉ”λ €μžˆμ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬ΈμΌ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:52
So the light bulb laid down the heavy infrastructure,
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즉, 전ꡬ가 μ „κΈ° 인프라λ₯Ό μ„€μΉ˜ν•˜κ²Œ ν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄,
09:55
and then home appliances started coming into being.
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κ·Έ 인프라가 μ„€μΉ˜λ˜κ³  λ‚˜μ„œμ•Ό κ°€μ „μ œν’ˆμ˜ μ‹œλŒ€κ°€ 올 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:58
And this was huge. The first one was the electric fan --
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κ·Έ μ‹œλŒ€λŠ” 정말 λŒ€λ‹¨ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έ μ„œλ§‰μ„ μ•Œλ¦¬λŠ” μ œν’ˆμ΄ μ„ ν’κΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:01
this was the 1890 electric fan.
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이 사진은 1890λ…„μ˜ μ„ ν’κΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:04
And the appliances, the golden age of appliances really lasted --
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λŠλƒμ— 따라 λ‹¬λΌμ§€κ² μ§€λ§Œ,
10:08
it depends how you want to measure it --
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이 κ°€μ „μ œν’ˆλ“€μ˜ μ „μ„±κΈ°λŠ”
10:10
but it's anywhere from 40 to 60 years. It goes on a long time.
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40λ…„~60λ…„ 정도 μ§€μ†λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 정말 였래 μ§€μ†λ˜μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
10:13
It starts about 1890. And the electric fan was a big success.
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1890λ…„ 경에 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆκ³ μš”. μ„ ν’κΈ°λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό μ„±κ³΅μ μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:19
The electric iron, also very big.
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전기닀리미. 이것도 크게 μ„±κ³΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:22
By the way, this is the beginning of the asbestos lawsuit.
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ν•œνŽΈ, 이것은 석면에 λŒ€ν•œ μ†Œμ†‘λ“€μ΄ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” μ‹œμž‘μ μ΄κΈ°λ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:26
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
10:27
There's asbestos under that handle there.
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μ—¬κΈ° μ†μž‘μ΄ 밑에 석면이 μžˆμ—ˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
10:32
This is the first vacuum cleaner, the 1905 Skinner Vacuum,
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이것은 졜초의 μ§„κ³΅μ²­μ†ŒκΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. '1905 μŠ€ν‚€λ„ˆ 배큠' μ΄λΌλŠ” μ œν’ˆμœΌλ‘œ
10:35
from the Hoover Company. And this one weighed 92 pounds
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후버 νšŒμ‚¬μ—μ„œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이것 ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€ 40kg정도 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:40
and took two people to operate and cost a quarter of a car.
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μž‘λ™μ‹œν‚€λŠ”λ° 두 μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ ν•„μš”ν–ˆκ³ , λ‹Ήμ‹œ μ°¨ κ°’μ˜ 1/4의 μ •λ„λ‘œ λΉ„μŒŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:45
So it wasn't a big seller.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 잘 μ•ˆ νŒ”λ Έμ£ .
10:47
This was truly, truly an early-adopter product --
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이것이야 말둜 μ§„μ •ν•œ 얼리어닡터 μ œν’ˆμΈ
10:51
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
10:52
the 1905 Skinner Vacuum.
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'1905 μŠ€ν‚€λ„ˆ 배큠' μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:54
But three years later, by 1908, it weighed 40 pounds.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 3λ…„ λ’€, 1908년에 이λ₯΄λŸ¬μ„œλŠ” 20kg둜 μ€„μ–΄λ“€μ—ˆμ£ .
10:59
Now, not all these things were highly successful.
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λͺ¨λ“  초창기 μ œν’ˆλ“€μ΄ 크게 μ„±κ³΅ν•œ 것은 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:03
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
11:05
This is the electric tie press, which never really did catch on.
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이것은 μ „κΈ° λ„₯타이 λ‹€λ¦¬λ―Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ν˜€ μ•ˆ νŒ”λ Έμ£ .
11:08
People, I guess, decided that they would not wrinkle their ties.
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제 생각에 λ‹Ήμ‹œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λ„₯νƒ€μ΄λŠ” 닀리지 μ•ŠκΈ°λ‘œ λ§ˆμŒμ„ λ¨Ήμ—ˆλ‚˜ λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:15
These never really caught on either:
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이것듀도 μ•ˆ νŒ”λ¦¬κΈ΄ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:17
the electric shoe warmer and drier. Never a big seller.
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μ „κΈ° μ‹ λ°œ λ³΄μ˜¨κΈ°μ™€ 건쑰기. κ²°μ½” 많이 필릴 μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆμ£ .
11:21
This came in, like, six different colors.
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이것은 6가지 λ‹€λ₯Έ μƒ‰μƒμœΌλ‘œ λ°œλ§€λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:23
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
11:25
I don't know why. But I thought, you know,
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μ™œ κ·Έλž¬λŠ”μ§€ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μ–΄μš”. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ œκ°€ 보기에
11:28
sometimes it's just not the right time for an invention;
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λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ μ–΄λ–€ 발λͺ…ν’ˆλ“€μ€ κ·Έμ € μ‹œλŒ€λ₯Ό 잘λͺ» 탔을 λΏμ΄μ—μš”.
11:32
maybe it's time to give this one another shot.
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μ•„λ§ˆ μ΄μ œλŠ” λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œ 번 μ‹œλ„ν•΄λ„ 될지 λͺ¨λ₯΄μ£ .
11:35
So I thought we could build a Super Bowl ad for this.
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이 μ œν’ˆμ„ μœ„ν•΄μ„œ 슈퍼볼 광고도 λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆκ² κ΅°μš”.
11:39
We'd need the right partner. And I thought that really --
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μ„±κ³΅ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 사업 νŒŒνŠΈλ„ˆλ„ 잘 μž‘μ•„μ•Ό ν•  κ±°μ—μš”.
11:43
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
11:45
I thought that would really work, to give that another shot.
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ν•œ 번 더 μ‹œλ„ν•˜λ©΄ κΌ­ 성곡할 것 κ°™κΈ΄ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:49
Now, the toaster was huge
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자, ν† μŠ€νŠΈκΈ°λ„ μ•„μ£Ό κ±°λŒ€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:51
because they used to make toast on open fires,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ ν† μŠ€νŠΈλŠ” κ·Έλƒ₯ λΆˆμ— κ΅¬μ›Œμ„œ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
11:54
and it took a lot of time and attention.
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λ§Žμ€ μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό 집쀑λ ₯이 ν•„μš”ν•œ μž‘μ—…μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
11:56
I want to point out one thing. This is -- you guys know what this is.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ ν•œ 가지λ₯Ό μ§€μ ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이것은 -- 이것이 뭔지 λ‹€λ“€ μ•„μ‹œμ§€μš”?
12:02
They hadn't invented the electric socket yet.
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λ‹Ήμ‹œμ—λŠ” μ „κΈ° μ†ŒμΌ“μ΄ 아직 발λͺ…λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
12:05
So this was -- remember, they didn't wire the houses for electricity.
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κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”, 집에 μ „κΈ°λ₯Ό κ³΅κΈ‰ν•˜λ €κ³  전선을 κΉ”μ•˜λ˜ 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
12:08
They wired them for lighting. So your -- your appliances would plug in.
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μ‘°λͺ…μž₯치λ₯Ό κ³΅κΈ‰ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 전선을 λ†“μ•˜μ£ . κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ°€μ „ μ œν’ˆμ„ κ½‚λŠ” 곳이
12:12
They would -- each room typically had a light bulb socket at the top.
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보톡 방에 전ꡬ μ†ŒμΌ“μ€ 천μž₯에 λ‹¬λ €μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°μš”,
12:15
And you'd plug it in there.
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거기에 ν”ŒλŸ¬κ·Έλ₯Ό κ½‚μ•˜μ£ .
12:17
In fact, if you've seen the Carousel of Progress at Disney World,
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사싀 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ””μ¦ˆλ‹ˆ μ›”λ“œμ—μ„œ μ§„λ³΄μ˜ νšŒμ „λͺ©λ§ˆ(Carousel of Progress)λ₯Ό 보신적이 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄,
12:20
you've seen this. Here are the cables coming up into this light fixture.
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이 것을 λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 케이블을 μ‘°λͺ…μž₯μΉ˜μ— 꽂은 λͺ¨μŠ΅μ΄μ§€μš”.
12:24
All the appliances plug in there. And you would just unscrew your light bulb
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λͺ¨λ“  κ°€μ „μ œν’ˆλ“€μ€ 거기에 κ½ƒμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:28
if you wanted to plug in an appliance.
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κ°€μ „μ œν’ˆμ„ μ“°κ³  μ‹ΆμœΌλ©΄ 일단 전ꡬλ₯Ό 뽑아야 ν•˜λŠ”κ±°μ£ .
12:30
The next thing that really was a big, big deal was the washing machine.
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κ·Έ λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ μ•„μ£Ό 크게 μ„±κ³΅ν•œ μ œν’ˆμ€ μ„ΈνƒκΈ°μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:35
Now, this was an object of much envy and lust.
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λΆ€μ˜ 상징과 같은 μ œν’ˆμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:38
Everybody wanted one of these electric washing machines.
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λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 집에 세탁기λ₯Ό ν•˜λ‚˜ 듀이고 μ‹Άμ–΄ν–ˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
12:41
On the left-hand side, this was the soapy water.
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μ™Όμͺ½ 편의 이것이 λΉ„λˆ—λ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:43
And there's a rotor there -- that this motor is spinning.
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여기에 νšŒμ „κΈ°κ°€ 있고 λͺ¨ν„°κ°€ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 돌게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:45
And it would clean your clothes.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ©΄μ„œ 빨래λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
12:47
This is the clean rinse-water. So you'd take the clothes out of here,
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이것은 κΉ¨λ—ν•œ ν—Ήκ΅Όλ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 빨래λ₯Ό μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ κΊΌλ‚΄μ„œ,
12:50
put them in here, and then you'd run the clothes through this electric wringer.
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여기에 집어 λ„£κ³ μš”, 이 μ „κΈ° 벨을 톡해 μž‘λ™μ„ μ‹œν‚€μ£ .
12:54
And this was a big deal.
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정말 크게 μ„±κ³΅ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
12:56
You'd keep this on your porch. It was a little bit messy and kind of a pain.
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λ² λž€λ‹€μ— 보톡 λ†”λ’€μ—ˆμ£ . μ’€ μ–΄μˆ˜μ„ ν–ˆκ³ μš”, μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ° μ’€ νž˜λ“€μ—ˆμ£ .
13:00
And you'd run a long cord into the house
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μž‘λ™μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ μ½”λ“œλ₯Ό λ“€κ³  μ§‘μœΌλ‘œ λ“€μ–΄κ°€μ„œ
13:03
where you could screw it into your light socket.
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전ꡬλ₯Ό κ½‚λŠ” κ·Έ μ†ŒμΌ“μ— μ½”λ“œλ₯Ό μ—°κ²°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:06
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
13:07
And that's actually kind of an important point in my presentation,
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이것도 사싀 였늘 제 λ°œν‘œμ—μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ λΆ€λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:10
because they hadn't invented the off switch.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ—λŠ” 세탁기λ₯Ό λ„λŠ” μŠ€μœ„μΉ˜κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
13:14
That was to come much later -- the off switch on appliances --
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κ°€μ „μ œν’ˆμ„ λ„λŠ” μŠ€μœ„μΉ˜λŠ” ν•œμ°Έ λ’€μ—λ‚˜ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μ–΄μš”.
13:17
because it didn't make any sense.
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λ„λŠ” μŠ€μœ„μΉ˜ λΌλŠ”κ²Œ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ—λŠ” 말이 μ•ˆ 됐죠.
13:19
I mean, you didn't want this thing clogging up a light socket.
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μ™œλƒλ©΄, 이런 것이 전ꡬ μ†ŒμΌ“μ— λ‹¬λ €μžˆλŠ” 것은 μ›μΉ˜ μ•ŠμœΌλ‹ˆ,
13:22
So you know, when you were done with it, you unscrewed it.
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κ°€μ „μ œν’ˆ μ‚¬μš©μ„ 마치고 λ‚˜λ©΄ μ½”λ“œλ₯Ό ν’€μ–΄μ„œ λ½‘μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:25
That's what you did. You didn't turn it off.
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그게 λ‹€μ˜€μ–΄μš”. "λ„λŠ”" 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:27
And as I said before, they hadn't invented the electric outlet either,
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μ•„κΉŒλ„ μ–˜κΈ°ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ, μ „κΈ° μ½˜μ„ΌνŠΈλ„ 발λͺ…이 μ•ˆλ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œμ˜€μ–΄μš”.
13:31
so the washing machine was a particularly dangerous device.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ„ΈνƒκΈ°λŠ” νŠΉνžˆλ‚˜ 정말 μœ„ν—˜ν•œ μ œν’ˆμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
13:34
And there are --
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 여기에
13:36
when you research this, there are gruesome descriptions
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찾아보면 μ’€ μ„¬λœ©ν•œ 기둝듀이 λ‚¨μ•„μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:39
of people getting their hair and clothes caught in these devices.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ λ¨Έλ¦¬μΉ΄λ½μ΄λ‚˜ μ˜·λ“€μ΄ 세탁기에 λΉ¨λ €λ“€μ–΄ κ°”λ‹€λŠ” 이야기듀이죠.
13:44
And they couldn't yank the cord out
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그런 μƒν™©μ—μ„œλ„ μ½”λ“œλ₯Ό 뽑을 μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
13:46
because it was screwed into a light socket inside the house.
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기계λ₯Ό 멈좜렀면 μ§‘μ•ˆμ— λ“€μ–΄κ°€μ„œ 전ꡬ μ†ŒμΌ“μ—μ„œ μ½”λ“œλ₯Ό 돌렀 λΉΌμ•Ό ν–ˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
13:50
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
13:51
And there was no off switch, so it wasn't very good.
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λ„λŠ” μŠ€μœ„μΉ˜κ°€ μ—†μ–΄μ„œ 쒋지 μ•Šμ•˜μ£ .
13:56
And you might think that that was incredibly stupid of our ancestors
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μ•„λ§ˆ μ§€κΈˆμ―€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ '우리 쑰상듀은 μ™œ μ €λ ‡κ²Œ λ©μ²­ν•΄μ„œ
14:00
to be plugging things into a light socket like this.
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전ꡬ μ†ŒμΌ“μ— κ°€μ „μ œν’ˆ μ½”λ“œλ₯Ό κ½‚μ•„μ„œ μΌμ„κΉŒ?'라고 μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹€κ±°μ—μš”.
14:03
But, you know, before I get too far into condemning our ancestors,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 쑰상듀을 μš•ν•˜κΈ° 전에 이걸 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦΄κ²Œμš”.
14:07
I thought I'd show you: this is my conference room.
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이것이 제 νšŒμ˜μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:10
This is a total kludge, if you ask me.
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μ•„μ£Ό μ œλŒ€λ‘œ λΆˆνŽΈν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:13
First of all, this got installed upside down. This light socket --
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이 뢀뢄은 μ•„λž«λ°©ν–₯을 λ°”λΌλ³΄κ²Œ μ„€μΉ˜κ°€ λ˜μ–΄μžˆμ–΄μš”. 전ꡬ μ†ŒμΌ“μ²˜λŸΌμš”.
14:16
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
14:17
and so the cord keeps falling out, so I taped it in.
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선이 자꾸 ν˜λŸ¬μ„œ λΉ μ§€κΈΈλž˜ ν…Œμ΄ν”„λ‘œ λΆ™μ—¬λ†¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:19
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
14:21
This is supposed -- don't even get me started. But that's not the worst one.
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아직 μ‹œμž‘λ„ μ•ˆ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이건 μ΅œμ•…μ΄λΌκ³  ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μ—†μ–΄μš”.
14:25
This is what it looks like under my desk.
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제 책상 밑을 ν•œ 번 λ³΄μ‹œμ£ .
14:27
I took this picture just two days ago.
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μ œκ°€ 이틀 전에 찍은 μ‚¬μ§„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:30
So we really haven't progressed that much since 1908.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ 사싀 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 1908년에 λΉ„ν•΄μ„œ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 많이 μ§„λ³΄ν•œ 것도 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—μš”.
14:33
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
14:35
It's a total, total mess.
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정말 λ‚œμž₯판이라고 ν•  수 있겠죠.
14:37
And, you know, we think it's getting better,
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이런 것듀도 점점 λ‚˜μ•„μ§€κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³ λŠ” ν•˜λŠ”λ°,
14:40
but have you tried to install 802.11 yourself?
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ν˜Ήμ‹œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ 쀑에 λ¬΄μ„ λžœ 직접 μ„€μΉ˜ν•΄ 봀던 λΆ„ κ³„μ„Έμš”?
14:44
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
14:45
I challenge you to try. It's very hard.
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κΌ­ 직접 해보라고 κΆŒν•΄λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€. 정말 μ–΄λ €μ›Œμš”.
14:47
I know Ph.D.s in Computer Science --
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컴퓨터곡학을 μ „κ³΅ν•œ 박사듀을 μ œκ°€ λͺ‡ λͺ… μ•„λŠ”λ°,
14:50
this process has brought them to tears, absolute tears. (Laughter)
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이거 μ„€μΉ˜ν•˜λ‹€κ°€ κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ„ 눈물 μͺ½ λΊμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:54
And that's assuming you already have DSL in your house.
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κ·Έλ‚˜λ§ˆ μ΄ˆκ³ μ†μΈν„°λ„·μ΄ μ§‘κΉŒμ§€ λ“€μ–΄μ˜¬λ•Œλ‚˜ 이 μ •λ„μ§€μš”.
15:00
Try to get DSL installed in your house.
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μ΄ˆκ³ μ†μΈν„°λ„·μ„ μš°μ„  μ„€μΉ˜ν•΄ λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
15:03
The engineers who do it everyday can't do it.
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맀일 κ·Έ μ„€μΉ˜λ§Œ ν•˜λŠ” μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄λ“€λ„ μ–΄λ €μ›Œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:05
They have to -- typically, they come three times.
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κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ 보톡 μ΅œμ†Œν•œ μ„Έ λ²ˆμ€ μ°Ύμ•„μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:08
And one friend of mine was telling me a story:
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제 친ꡬ 쀑 ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ ν•΄ μ€€ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ—μš”.
15:10
not only did they get there and have to wait,
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그듀이 μ™€μ„œ μ„€μΉ˜ν•˜λŠ” κ±Έ 기닀리고 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμ„ 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ,
15:13
but then the engineers, when they finally did get there,
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μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄λ“€μ΄, 그듀이 결ꡭ에 μ„€μΉ˜ν•˜λŸ¬ 왔을 λ•Œμ—,
15:16
for the third time, they had to call somebody.
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μ„Έ 번째 λ°©λ¬Έμ—μ„œ, 그듀은 μ–΄λ””λ‘ κ°€ μ „ν™”λ₯Ό ν–ˆλ‹΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:18
And they were really happy that the guy had a speakerphone
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κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λŠ” μƒλŒ€λ°©μ΄ μŠ€ν”Όμ»€ν°μœΌλ‘œ λ°›μ•˜λ‹€λ©΄μ„œ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λ”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:21
because then they had to wait on hold for an hour
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 인터넷 μ΅œμ’… μ„€μΉ˜λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μ½”λ“œλ₯Ό 말해쀄
15:23
to talk to somebody to give them an access code
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λˆ„κ΅°κ°€μ™€ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ μ„€μΉ˜ν•  집에 λ„μ°©ν•œ μ΄ν›„λ‘œλ„
15:25
after they got there.
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ν•œ μ‹œκ°„μ„ κΈ°λ‹€λ €μ•Ό ν–ˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
15:27
So we're not -- we're pretty kludge-y ourselves.
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ˜ 우리 μ‚¬νšŒμ—λ„ 기술이 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λ§€λ„λŸ½κ²Œ 적용된 μƒνƒœλŠ” μ•„λ‹Œ 것이죠.
15:31
By the way, DSL is a kludge.
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사싀 μ΄ˆκ³ μ†μΈν„°λ„·(DSL)도 λ‹€μ†Œ μ„œνˆ° 기술이죠.
15:33
I mean, this is a twisted pair of copper that was never designed
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제 말은, μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 두 μ€„λ‘œ 꼬여진 ꡬ리선 μžμ²΄κ°€ μ›λž˜λŠ”
15:35
for the purpose it's being put to --
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μ§€κΈˆ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” μš©λ„λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘Œλ˜κ²Œ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—μš”.
15:37
you know it's the whole thing --
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ μ§€κΈˆ 이것이 전뢀라고 μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œκ² μ§€λ§Œ,
15:39
we're very, very primitive. And that's kind of the point.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 사싀 μ•„μ£Ό μ›μ‹œμ μΈ 단계에 μžˆμ–΄μš”. 이것이 μΌμ’…μ˜ ν¬μΈνŠΈμ—μš”.
15:43
Because, you know, resilience -- if you think of it in terms of the Gold Rush,
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μ™œλƒν–λ©΄, λ‹€μ‹œ ν™œλ ₯을 λ˜μ°ΎλŠ” 것은 말이죠 -- κ³¨λ“œλŸ¬μ‹œ μ‹œμ ˆμ˜ 것을 μƒκ°ν•œλ‹€λ©΄,
15:47
then you'd be pretty depressed right now
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금방 μΉ¨μšΈν•΄μ§ˆκ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:49
because the last nugget of gold would be gone.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ κΈˆλ©μ–΄λ¦¬λŠ” μ—†μ–΄μ§ˆ κ²ƒμ΄λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
15:52
But the good thing is, with innovation, there isn't a last nugget.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 쒋은 점은, ν˜μ‹ μ—λŠ” λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 덩어리가 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:55
Every new thing creates two new questions and two new opportunities.
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λͺ¨λ“  μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 것은 두 개의 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 질문과, 두 κ°€μ§€μ˜ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 기회λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:00
And if you believe that, then you believe that where we are --
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λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ κ·Έ 것을 λ―ΏλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄, 그러면 --
16:04
this is what I think -- I believe that where we are with the incredible kludge --
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이것이 μ œκ°€ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ—μš”: μ €λŠ” 우리의 κΈ°μˆ μ€ 아직 λ‚˜μ•„μ§ˆ 여지가 λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ§Žλ‹€κ³  λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:08
and I haven't even talked about user interfaces on the Web --
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μ €λŠ” 였늘 μ›Ή ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œμ˜ μ‚¬μš©μž μΈν„°νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” λ§ν•˜μ§€λ„ μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”.
16:12
but there's so much kludge, so much terrible stuff --
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정말 λ§Žμ€ λ‚œμž‘ν•˜κ³  λ”μ°ν•œ 것듀이 λ„λ €μžˆλŠ” μƒν™©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:15
we are at the 1908 Hurley washing machine stage with the Internet.
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인터넷은 λΉ„μœ ν•˜μžλ©΄ 1908λ…„ 헐리 세탁기 μ‹œμ ˆμ— μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:19
That's where we are. We don't get our hair caught in it,
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λ°”λ‘œ κ·Έ μ‹œμ μ— μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 머리카락이 λΉ¨λ €λ“€μ–΄κ°€λŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹ˆμ§€λ§Œ,
16:22
but that's the level of primitiveness of where we are.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ§€κΈˆ κ·Έ μ •λ„λ‘œ μ›μ‹œμ μΈ μ‹œμ μ— μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:25
We're in 1908.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 1908년에 μžˆλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:27
And if you believe that, then stuff like this doesn't bother you. This is 1996:
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λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 그것을 λ―ΏλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄, 이런건 신경쓰이지 μ•ŠμœΌμ‹€κ±°μ—μš”. 이건 1996년에 λ‚˜μ˜¨κ±΄λ°μš”.
16:31
"All the negatives add up to making the online experience not worth the trouble."
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"온라인 μƒμ˜ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ°μ—λŠ” λΆˆνŽΈν•œ 것이 λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ§Žλ‹€."
16:35
1998: "Amazon.toast." In 1999: "Amazon.bomb."
300
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1998λ…„ "μ•„λ§ˆμ‘΄.μ‹œμž‘λ˜λ‹€." 1999λ…„ "μ•„λ§ˆμ‘΄.λŒ€μ„±κ³΅."
16:41
My mom hates this picture.
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저희 μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆκ»˜μ„œ 이 사진을 μ‹«μ–΄ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
16:43
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
16:47
She -- but you know, if you really do believe that it's the very,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ§Œμ•½ μ§€κΈˆμ΄ 인터넷 μ‚°μ—…μ˜ μ•„μ£Ό μ΄ˆμ°½κΈ°λž€κ²ƒμ„ λ―ΏλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄,
16:50
very beginning, if you believe it's the 1908 Hurley washing machine,
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이것이 마치 1908λ…„μ˜ 헐리 세탁기와 같은 것이라고 λ―ΏλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄,
16:54
then you're incredibly optimistic. And I do think that that's where we are.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ μ•„μ£Ό λ‚™μ²œμ μΈκ²λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 μ €λŠ” 정말 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜κ³ μš”.
16:57
And I do think there's more innovation ahead of us
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μ €λŠ” μ •λ§λ‘œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§€κΈˆκ» 거쳐온 ν˜μ‹ λ³΄λ‹€
17:00
than there is behind us.
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λ‹€κ°€μ˜¬ ν˜μ‹ μ΄ 훨씬 λ§Žλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:02
And in 1917, Sears -- I want to get this exactly right.
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1917λ…„μ˜ μ‹œμ–΄μ¦ˆ λ°±ν™”μ μ—μ„œμš” -- 이걸 λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹Άκ΅°μš”.
17:07
This was the advertisement that they ran in 1917.
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1917년에 κ΄‘κ³ λ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆλ˜ λ¬Έκ΅¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:11
It says: "Use your electricity for more than light."
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"μ „κΈ°λ₯Ό μ‘°λͺ…말고 λ‹€λ₯Έ μš©λ„λ‘œλ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ„Έμš”."
17:14
And I think that's where we are.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ°”λ‘œ κ·Έ μ‹œμ μ— μ„œ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:16
We're very, very early. Thank you very much.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 정말 이λ₯Έ μ΄ˆμ°½κΈ°μ— μ‚΄κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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