4 ways we can avoid a catastrophic drought | David Sedlak

91,444 views ใƒป 2016-01-29

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jihyeon J. Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Ju Hye Lim
00:12
Our grandparents' generation created an amazing system
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์ €ํฌ ์กฐ๋ถ€๋ชจ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ด ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋„
00:16
of canals and reservoirs that made it possible
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ค€ ์šดํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€๊ฐ™์€
00:19
for people to live in places where there wasn't a lot of water.
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
For example, during the Great Depression,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋Œ€๊ณตํ™ฉ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—
00:25
they created the Hoover Dam,
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ํ›„๋ฒ„ ๋Œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ 
00:26
which in turn, created Lake Mead
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๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฏธ๋“œ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒจ์„œ
00:29
and made it possible for the cities of Las Vegas and Phoenix
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๋ผ์Šค๋ฒ ๊ฐ€์Šค์™€ ํ”ผ๋‹‰์Šค, ๋กœ์Šค์•ค์ ค๋ ˆ์Šค์˜
00:32
and Los Angeles to provide water
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๊ฑด์กฐํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์‚ด๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
for people who lived in a really dry place.
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00:37
In the 20th century, we literally spent trillions of dollars
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20์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜ ์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ์กฐ ์›)์„
00:41
building infrastructure to get water to our cities.
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๋„์‹œ์— ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ง“๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
In terms of economic development, it was a great investment.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ข‹์€ ํˆฌ์ž์˜€์ฃ .
00:49
But in the last decade, we've seen the combined effects
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ฆ๊ฐ€,
00:52
of climate change, population growth and competition for water resources
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์ˆ˜์ž์›์„ ๋†“๊ณ  ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด
00:57
threaten these vital lifelines and water resources.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ž์›์„ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
This figure shows you the change in the lake level of Lake Mead
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์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 15๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฏธ๋“œ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
that happened in the last 15 years.
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01:08
You can see starting around the year 2000,
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2000๋…„์ฏค๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์œ„๊ฐ€
01:10
the lake level started to drop.
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๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
And it was dropping at such a rate
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ ธ์„œ
01:14
that it would have left the drinking water intakes for Las Vegas high and dry.
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๋ผ์Šค๋ฒ ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ์ทจ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ญ„์„ ๊ฒช์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
The city became so concerned about this
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์‹œ ๋‹น๊ตญ์˜ ์šฐ๋ ค๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋†’์•„์ ธ์„œ
01:21
that they recently constructed a new drinking water intake structure
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ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์‹์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
01:25
that they referred to as the "Third Straw"
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"์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋นจ๋Œ€"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”
01:27
to pull water out of the greater depths of the lake.
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์ƒˆ ์ทจ์ˆ˜์‹œ์„ค์„ ์ง€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
The challenges associated with providing water to a modern city
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ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋„์‹œ์— ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š”
01:34
are not restricted to the American Southwest.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋‚จ์„œ๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์—๋งŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
In the year 2007, the third largest city in Australia, Brisbane,
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2007๋…„์— ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํฐ ๋„์‹œ์ธ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋ฒˆ์€
01:43
came within 6 months of running out of water.
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6๋‹ฌ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๋ฌผ๋ถ€์กฑ ์‚ฌํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
A similar drama is playing out today in Sรฃo Paulo, Brazil,
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ผ์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ์ƒํŒŒ์šธ๋ฃจ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
where the main reservoir for the city
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2010๋…„๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ ์žˆ๋˜ ์‹œ์˜ ์ฃผ ๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์žฅ์ด
01:52
has gone from being completely full in 2010,
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01:55
to being nearly empty today
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2016๋…„ ํ•˜๊ณ„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ
01:57
as the city approaches the 2016 Summer Olympics.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น„์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
For those of us who are fortunate enough
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘์— ์šด ์ข‹๊ฒŒ๋„
02:04
to live in one of the world's great cities,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
02:06
we've never truly experienced the effects of a catastrophic drought.
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๋”์ฐํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋ญ„์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์–ด ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
We like to complain about the navy showers we have to take.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒค์›Œํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถˆํ‰ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:14
We like our neighbors to see our dirty cars and our brown lawns.
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์ด์›ƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋”๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ฐจ์™€ ๋ฉ”๋งˆ๋ฅธ ๋งˆ๋‹น ์ž”๋””๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
02:18
But we've never really faced the prospect of turning on the tap
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์ˆ˜๋„๊ผญ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ‹€์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„
02:22
and having nothing come out.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฒช์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
And that's because when things have gotten bad in the past,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜ˆ์ „์—๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์•ˆ ์ข‹์•„์ง€๋ฉด
02:27
it's always been possible to expand a reservoir
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๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์žฅ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋” ํŒŒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
02:30
or dig a few more groundwater wells.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
Well, in a time when all of the water resources are spoken for,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ˆ˜์›์ง€์— ์ฃผ์ธ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์—๋Š”
02:37
it's not going to be possible to rely on this tried and true way
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ฆ๋ช…๋œ ์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
02:41
of providing ourselves with water.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
Some people think that we're going to solve the urban water problem
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ถ€์กฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ต์™ธ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ๋กœ
02:47
by taking water from our rural neighbors.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
But that's an approach that's fraught with political, legal and social dangers.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ •์น˜์ , ๋ฒ•์ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
And even if we succeed in grabbing the water from our rural neighbors,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ต์™ธ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„
03:00
we're just transferring the problem to someone else
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋„˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ ์—†์–ด์„œ
03:02
and there's a good chance it will come back and bite us
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์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ ๊ฐ’์ด ์ธ์ƒ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฌผ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์† ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์—
03:05
in the form of higher food prices
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ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…ํžˆ๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ
03:07
and damage to the aquatic ecosystems that already rely upon that water.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Œ์•„ ์˜ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
I think that there's a better way to solve our urban water crisis
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—” ๋„์‹ฌ์˜ ๋ฌผ ๋ถ€์กฑ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
03:15
and I think that's to open up four new local sources of water
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ผญ์ง€์— ๋น„์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜„์ง€ ์ง€์—ญ ์ˆ˜์›(ๆฐดๆบ) ๋„ค ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ
03:20
that I liken to faucets.
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๊ฐœ์„คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
If we can make smart investments in these new sources of water
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ˆ˜์›์ง€์—
03:25
in the coming years,
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๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์žํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:27
we can solve our urban water problem
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๋„์‹ฌ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ถ€์กฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ 
03:29
and decrease the likelihood that we'll ever run across
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๋”์ฐํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋ญ„์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
the effects of a catastrophic drought.
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03:36
Now, if you told me 20 years ago
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๋งŒ์•ฝ 20๋…„ ์ „์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ
03:38
that a modern city could exist without a supply of imported water,
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ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ˆ˜์ž…ํ•ด์„œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:43
I probably would have dismissed you as an unrealistic and uninformed dreamer.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๋ชฝ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์‹œํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
But my own experiences
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ
03:49
working with some of the world's most water-starved cities in the last decades
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๋ฌผ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ์‹ญ๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘์—…ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์–ป์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด
03:53
have shown me that we have the technologies and the management skills
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ˆ˜์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„
03:57
to actually transition away from imported water,
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๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
and that's what I want to tell you about tonight.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
The first source of local water supply that we need to develop
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๋„์‹ฌ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ถ€์กฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ์ผ ๋จผ์ € ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”
04:07
to solve our urban water problem
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ํ˜„์ง€ ์ง€์—ญ ์ˆ˜์ž์› ๊ณต๊ธ‰์›์€
04:09
will flow with the rainwater that falls in our cities.
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๋„์‹œ์— ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น—๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
One of the great tragedies of urban development
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๋„์‹œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ดˆ๋ž˜๋œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋น„๊ทน ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
04:16
is that as our cities grew,
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๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
04:18
we started covering all the surfaces with concrete and asphalt.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฉด์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์™€ ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ๋กœ ๋ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
And when we did that, we had to build storm sewers
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋ฉด์„ ๋ฎ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์— ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น—๋ฌผ์ด
04:24
to get the water that fell on the cities out
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ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋„˜์น˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋นผ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:26
before it could cause flooding,
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๋น—๋ฌผ ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
and that's a waste of a vital water resource.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์›์˜ ๋‚ญ๋น„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
Let me give you an example.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋“ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
This figure here shows you the volume of water
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ ํ˜ธ์„ธ ์‹œ์—์„œ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
04:37
that could be collected in the city of San Jose
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ํ•œ๊ณ„์น˜ ๋‚ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น—๋ฌผ์„ ๋ชจ์•˜์„ ๋•Œ
04:39
if they could harvest the stormwater that fell within the city limits.
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์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์˜ ์–‘์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
You can see from the intersection of the blue line and the black dotted line
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ํŒŒ๋ž€ ์„ ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰ ์ ์„ ์ด ๊ต์ฐจ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด
04:48
that if San Jose could just capture half of the water that fell within the city,
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์‚ฐ ํ˜ธ์„ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์‹œ์— ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น—๋ฌผ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋ชจ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:52
they'd have enough water to get them through an entire year.
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1๋…„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
Now, I know what some of you are probably thinking.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช… ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
04:58
"The answer to our problem is to start building great big tanks
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒช๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์€ ์ง‘ ์ง€๋ถ•์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น—๋ฌผ ํ™ˆํ†ต์—
05:02
and attaching them to the downspouts of our roof gutters,
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์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ํƒฑํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•ด์„œ
05:05
rainwater harvesting."
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๋น—๋ฌผ์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ฒ ๊ตฐ."
05:07
Now, that's an idea that might work in some places.
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:09
But if you live in a place where it mainly rains in the winter time
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๊ฒจ์šธ์—๋งŒ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:12
and most of the water demand is in the summertime,
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๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š”์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:15
it's not a very cost-effective way to solve a water problem.
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๋ฌผ๋ถ€์กฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋น„์šฉ ํšจ์œจ์€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
And if you experience the effects of a multiyear drought,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
05:22
like California's currently experiencing,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•ด์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ฐ€๋ญ„์ด ์ง€์†๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:24
you just can't build a rainwater tank that's big enough to solve your problem.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋งŒํผ ํฐ ๋น—๋ฌผ ํƒฑํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
I think there's a lot more practical way
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์ €๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์— ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น—๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜
05:30
to harvest the stormwater and the rainwater that falls in our cities,
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ํญ์šฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋น—๋ฌผ์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋” ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
and that's to capture it and let it percolate into the ground.
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๋น—๋ฌผ์„ ๋ชจ์•„์„œ ๋•… ์†์œผ๋กœ ์Šค๋ฉฐ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
After all, many of our cities are sitting on top of a natural water storage system
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ €์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒœ์—ฐ์ˆ˜ ์ €์žฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„
05:43
that can accommodate huge volumes of water.
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๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:46
For example, historically, Los Angeles has obtained
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋กœ์Šค์—”์ ค๋ ˆ์Šค๋Š”
05:49
about a third of its water supply from a massive aquifer
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์‚ฐ ํŽ˜๋ฅด๋‚œ๋„ ๋ฐธ๋ฆฌ ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•จ์œ ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•”๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
05:52
that underlies the San Fernando Valley.
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์ƒ์ˆ˜์˜ 3๋ถ„์˜ 1์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
Now, when you look at the water that comes off of your roof
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ง€๋ถ•์—์„œ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ์„œ ์ž”๋””๋ฐญ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€
05:59
and runs off of your lawn and flows down the gutter,
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ํ™ˆํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋น—๋ฌผ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด
06:01
you might say to yourself, "Do I really want to drink that stuff?"
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"์ด๊ฑธ ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„๊นŒ?" ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
Well, the answer is you don't want to drink it
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋น—๋ฌผ์ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š”
06:07
until it's been treated a little bit.
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๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
And so the challenge that we face in urban water harvesting
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋น—๋ฌผ์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š”
06:12
is to capture the water, clean the water
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๋น—๋ฌผ์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ , ์ •์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:15
and get it underground.
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๋•… ์†์— ์Šค๋ฉฐ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
And that's exactly what the city of Los Angeles is doing
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋กœ์Šค์•ค์ ค๋ ˆ์Šค์—์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
with a new project that they're building in Burbank, California.
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฒ„๋ฑ…ํฌ ์‹œ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋กœ ์ง“๊ณ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:24
This figure here shows the stormwater park that they're building
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋น—๋ฌผ ์ฑ„์ง‘ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, ๋˜๋Š” ๋น—๋ฌผ ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ 
06:28
by hooking a series of stormwater collection systems, or storm sewers,
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๊ทธ ๋ฌผ์„ ์œ ๊ธฐ๋œ ์ž๊ฐˆ ์ฑ„์„์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
06:34
and routing that water into an abandoned gravel quarry.
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์ง“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น—๋ฌผ ๊ณต์›์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
The water that's captured in the quarry
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์ฑ„์„์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ชจ์€ ๋ฌผ์€
06:39
is slowly passed through a man-made wetland,
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์ธ๊ณต ์Šต์ง€๋กœ ์„œ์„œํžˆ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
and then it goes into that ball field there
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๊ธฐ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์•ผ๊ตฌ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ
06:44
and percolates into the ground,
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๋•… ์†์œผ๋กœ ์Šค๋ฉฐ๋“ค์–ด
06:46
recharging the drinking water aquifer of the city.
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๋„์‹œ ์•”๋ฐ˜์˜ ์‹์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
And in the process of passing through the wetland
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์Šต์ง€์—์„œ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋•… ์†์œผ๋กœ
06:53
and percolating through the ground,
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์Šค๋ฉฐ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ
06:54
the water encounters microbes that live on the surfaces of the plants
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๋ฌผ์€ ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๊ณผ ์ง€๋ฉด์— ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ
06:58
and the surfaces of the soil,
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๋ฌผ์„ ์ •ํ™”ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š”
06:59
and that purifies the water.
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
And if the water's still not clean enough to drink
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๋ฌผ์ด ์ž์—ฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๊ณ ๋„
07:04
after it's been through this natural treatment process,
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๋งˆ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์•„์ง ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
07:07
the city can treat it again
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์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์•”๋ฐ˜์—์„œ ํผ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ
07:08
when they pump if back out of the groundwater aquifers
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‹์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
07:11
before they deliver it to people to drink.
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๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋” ์ •์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
The second tap that we need to open up to solve our urban water problem
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๋„์‹ฌ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ถ€์กฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ์„คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ผญ์ง€๋Š”
07:18
will flow with the wastewater
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ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์„ค์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”
07:20
that comes out of our sewage treatment plants.
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ํ์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
Now, many of you are probably familiar with the concept of recycled water.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฌผ์„ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
You've probably seen signs like this
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๊ด€๋ชฉ๋ฆผ(็Œๆœจๆž—)์ด๋‚˜
07:28
that tell you that the shrubbery and the highway median
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๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ ์ค‘์•™๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋Œ€๋‚˜
07:32
and the local golf course
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์ง€์—ญ ๊ณจํ”„์žฅ์˜ ์ฝ”์Šค์—์„œ
07:33
is being watered with water
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ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š”
07:35
that used to be in a sewage treatment plant.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ‘œ์ง€ํŒ์„ ๋ณด์‹  ์ ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
We've been doing this for a couple of decades now.
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20๋…„์งธ ํ•ด์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
07:41
But what we're learning from our experience
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
07:43
is that this approach is much more expensive that we expected it to be.
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์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋ˆ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
Because once we build the first few water recycling systems
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ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์„ค ๋ถ€๊ทผ์— ๋ฌผ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„
07:50
close to the sewage treatment plant,
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์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด
07:52
we have to build longer and longer pipe networks
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๋ฌผ์„ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ์  ๋” ๊ธด ๋ฐฐ๊ด€๋ง์„
07:54
to get that water to where it needs to go.
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
And that becomes prohibitive in terms of cost.
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์ ์  ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ณผ์ค‘ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
What we're finding is
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์—
08:02
that a much more cost-effective and practical way of recycling wastewater
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ํ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
08:06
is to turn treated wastewater into drinking water
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2๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‹์ˆ˜๋กœ
08:08
through a two-step process.
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๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
In the first step in this process we pressurize the water
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ฒซ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ฌผ์— ์••๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์„œ
08:14
and pass it through a reverse osmosis membrane:
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์—ญ์‚ผํˆฌ๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
a thin, permeable plastic membrane
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๋ฌผ ๋ถ„์ž๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
08:19
that allows water molecules to pass through
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ํ์ˆ˜์— ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ผ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค,
08:22
but traps and retains the salts, the viruses and the organic chemicals
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์œ ๊ธฐํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”
08:26
that might be present in the wastewater.
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์–‡์€ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์„ฑ์˜ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ๋ง‰์ด์ฃ .
08:29
In the second step in the process,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š”
08:31
we add a small amount of hydrogen peroxide
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๋ฌผ์— ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ณผ์‚ฐํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๊ณ 
08:34
and shine ultraviolet light on the water.
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์ž์™ธ์„ ์„ ๋น„์ถฐ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
The ultraviolet light cleaves the hydrogen peroxide
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์ž์™ธ์„ ์€ ๊ณผ์‚ฐํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™” ๋ผ๋””์นผ(OH)์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
08:39
into two parts that are called hydroxyl radicals,
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๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์ชผ๊ฐญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
and these hydroxyl radicals are very potent forms of oxygen
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์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™” ๋ผ๋””์นผ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”
08:46
that break down most organic chemicals.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
After the water's been through this two-stage process,
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๋ฌผ์ด ๋‘ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด
08:53
it's safe to drink.
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๋งˆ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์•ˆ์ „ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
I know,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
I've been studying recycled water
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์ €๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ณผํ•™์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”
08:58
using every measurement technique known to modern science
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ธก์ • ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๋‚œ 15๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ฌผ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
09:02
for the past 15 years.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
We've detected some chemicals
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ
09:05
that can make it through the first step in the process,
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ํ†ต๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
09:08
but by the time we get to the second step,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €์„ ๋•
09:10
the advanced oxidation process,
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๊ณ ๋„์˜ ์‚ฐํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ
09:12
we rarely see any chemicals present.
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ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
And that's in stark contrast to the taken-for-granted water supplies
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์—ฐ์‹œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฉด์„œ ํ‰์ƒ์‹œ์— ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ณผ๋Š”
09:18
that we regularly drink all the time.
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ํ™•์—ฐํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
There's another way we can recycle water.
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๋ฌผ์„ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
This is an engineered treatment wetland that we recently built
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์ด๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ง€์€ ๊ณตํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์‹œ์„ค ์Šต์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
on the Santa Ana River in Southern California.
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฐํƒ€ ์•„๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•์— ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:30
The treatment wetland receives water from a part of the Santa Ana River
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์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์‹œ์„ค์šฉ ์Šต์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฐํƒ€ ์•„๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋ฐ
09:34
that in the summertime consists almost entirely of wastewater effluent
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์—ฌ๋ฆ„์—๋Š” ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ๋‚˜ ์ƒŒ ๋ฒ„๋„ˆ๋””๋…ธ๊ฐ™์€ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ
09:38
from cities like Riverside and San Bernardino.
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๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ํ•˜์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
The water comes into our treatment wetland,
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๋ฌผ์€ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์‹œ์„ค์šฉ ์Šต์ง€๋กœ ์™€์„œ
09:43
it's exposed to sunlight and algae
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ํ–‡๋น›๊ณผ ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅ˜์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
09:45
and those break down the organic chemicals,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์œ ๊ธฐํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์–‘๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ 
09:48
remove the nutrients and inactivate the waterborne pathogens.
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์ˆ˜์ธ์„ฑ ๋ณ‘์›์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋น„ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
The water gets put back in the Santa Ana River,
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๋ฌผ์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ฐํƒ€ ์•„๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ
09:54
it flows down to Anaheim,
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์• ๋„ˆํ•˜์ž„์œผ๋กœ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€
09:56
gets taken out at Anaheim and percolated into the ground,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ํผ์˜ฌ๋ ค์ ธ์„œ ๋•… ์†์œผ๋กœ ์Šค๋ฉฐ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
and becomes the drinking water of the city of Anaheim,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์• ๋„ˆํ•˜์ž„ ์‹œ์˜ ์‹์ˆ˜๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ฃ .
10:02
completing the trip from the sewers of Riverside County
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์ด๋กœ์จ ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ์˜ ํ•˜์ˆ˜๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์˜ค๋ Œ์ง€ ์นด์šดํ‹ฐ์˜ ์‹์ˆ˜์›์œผ๋กœ์˜
10:06
to the drinking water supply of Orange County.
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์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๋๋งˆ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
Now, you might think that this idea of drinking wastewater
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ”ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
10:13
is some sort of futuristic fantasy or not commonly done.
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์ดˆํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๋ชฝ์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
Well, in California, we already recycle about 40 billion gallons a year
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋˜
10:21
of wastewater through the two-stage advanced treatment process
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๊ณ ๋„์˜ 2๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ 378.5์–ต ๋ฆฌํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ฌผ์„
10:24
I was telling you about.
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์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
That's enough water to be the supply of about a million people
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฌผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์›์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ
10:29
if it were their sole water supply.
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๋ฌผ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
The third tap that we need to open up will not be a tap at all,
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋„๊ผญ์ง€๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ผญ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
it will be a kind of virtual tap,
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ผญ์ง€์ฃ .
10:38
it will be the water conservation that we manage to do.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ ์ ˆ์•ฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
And the place where we need to think about water conservation is outdoors
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ ์ ˆ์•ฝ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋Š” ์‹ค์™ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
because in California and other modern American cities,
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ฃผ์™€, ๊ทธ ์™ธ์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ๋Š”
10:48
about half of our water use happens outdoors.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด ์‹ค์™ธ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
In the current drought,
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฐ€๋ญ„์—์„œ
10:53
we've seen that it's possible
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž”๋””๋ฐญ๊ณผ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด
10:54
to have our lawns survive and our plants survive
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์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์–‘์˜ ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ
10:57
with about half as much water.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
So there's no need to start painting concrete green
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ์— ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋œ์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์ž”๋””๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ๊ณ  ์ธ์กฐ ์ž”๋””๋ฅผ ๊น”๊ณ 
11:02
and putting in Astroturf and buying cactuses.
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์„ ์ธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ด ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
We can have California-friendly landscaping with soil moisture detectors
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ํ† ์–‘ ์Šต๋„ ๊ฐ์ง€๊ธฐ์™€ ์ง€๋Šฅ์  ๊ด€๊ฐœ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋กœ
11:10
and smart irrigation controllers
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์— ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
11:12
and have beautiful green landscapes in our cities.
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋„์‹œ์— ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
The fourth and final water tap that we need to open up
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋„์‹ฌ ๋ฌผ๋ถ€์กฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ์„คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”
11:18
to solve our urban water problem
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๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ผญ์ง€๋Š”
11:20
will flow with desalinated seawater.
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ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ด์ˆ˜ํ™” ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
Now, I know what you probably heard people say about seawater desalination.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋‹ด์ˆ˜ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์  ์žˆ์œผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
11:27
"It's a great thing to do if you have lots of oil, not a lot of water
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"์„์œ ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€๋ฐ ๋ฌผ์€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†๊ณ  ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ ์•ˆ ์“ด๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:31
and you don't care about climate change."
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ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฑฐ์ง€."
11:33
Seawater desalination is energy-intensive no matter how you slice it.
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ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋‹ด์ˆ˜ํ™”๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธํ™”ํ•˜๋“  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์†Œ๋ชจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
But that characterization of seawater desalination
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋‹ด์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ•  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฑธ๋กœ ํŠน์ง• ์ง“๋Š” ๊ฑด
11:40
as being a nonstarter is hopelessly out of date.
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๋งค์šฐ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋’ค๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
We've made tremendous progress in seawater desalination
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์ง€๋‚œ 20๋…„๊ฐ„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋‹ด์ˆ˜ํ™”์—์„œ ํฐ ์ง„์ „์„
11:46
in the past two decades.
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์ด๋ฃจ์–ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
This picture shows you
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€
11:50
the largest seawater desalination plant in the Western hemisphere
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒŒ๋””์—๊ณ  ๋ถ๋ถ€์— ์ง“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
11:54
that's currently being built north of San Diego.
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์„œ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋‹ด์ˆ˜ํ™” ์‹œ์„ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
Compared to the seawater desalination plant
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25๋…„ ์ „์— ์‚ฐํƒ€๋ฐ”๋ฐ”๋ผ์— ์ง€์—ˆ๋˜
11:59
that was built in Santa Barbara 25 years ago,
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ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋‹ด์ˆ˜ํ™” ์‹œ์„ค์— ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฉด
12:03
this treatment plant will use about half the energy
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์ด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์‹œ์„ค์€ 1๊ฐค๋Ÿฐ(3.785L)์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋“œ๋Š”
12:05
to produce a gallon of water.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜๋งŒ ์†Œ๋ชจํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
But just because seawater desalination has become less energy-intensive,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋‹ด์ˆ˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋œ ์†Œ๋ชจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
12:11
doesn't mean we should start building desalination plants everywhere.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋‹ด์ˆ˜ํ™” ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์ง“๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
Among the different choices we have,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
12:16
it's probably the most energy-intensive
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ํ˜„์ง€ ๋ฌผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์›์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘์—
12:18
and potentially environmentally damaging
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์•„๋งˆ ์ œ์ผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ง‘์•ฝ์ ์ด๊ณ 
12:20
of the options to create a local water supply.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ ํƒ์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
So there it is.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
With these four sources of water,
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์ด ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ˆ˜์›์œผ๋กœ
12:27
we can move away from our reliance on imported water.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์„ ์ˆ˜์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
Through reform in the way we landscape our surfaces and our properties,
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์ง€๋ฉด๊ณผ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟˆ์œผ๋กœ์จ
12:36
we can reduce outdoor water use by about 50 percent,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์™ธ์˜ ๋ฌผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ
12:39
thereby increasing the water supply by 25 percent.
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์šฉ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ 25% ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
We can recycle the water that makes it into the sewer,
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ํ•˜์ˆ˜๊ตฌ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฌผ์„ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
12:45
thereby increasing our water supply by 40 percent.
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์šฉ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ 40% ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
And we can make up the difference through a combination
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น—๋ฌผ ์ฑ„์ง‘๊ณผ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋‹ด์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
12:51
of stormwater harvesting and seawater desalination.
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๋ถ€์กฑ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฉ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
So, let's create a water supply
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ• 
12:59
that will be able to withstand any of the challenges
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๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ์–ด๋ ค์›€๋„ ๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
13:02
that climate change throws at us in the coming years.
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๋ฌผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์›์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ์‹œ๋‹ค.
13:05
Let's create a water supply that uses local sources
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ํ˜„์ง€์˜ ์ž์›์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์™€ ์Œ์‹์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—
13:08
and leaves more water in the environment for fish and for food.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฌผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์›์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ์‹œ๋‹ค.
13:13
Let's create a water system that's consistent with out environmental values.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๊ณผ ์ƒํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ž์› ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ์‹œ๋‹ค.
13:18
And let's do it for our children and our grandchildren
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ์†์ž ์†๋…€๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
13:22
and let's tell them this is the system
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ›„์†๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด
13:24
that they have to take care of in the future
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๊ฐ€๊พธ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์ค์‹œ๋‹ค.
13:27
because it's our last chance to create a new kind of water system.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
13:31
Thank you very much for your attention.
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๊ท€ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:33
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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