How to disagree productively and find common ground | Julia Dhar

376,249 views ・ 2018-12-10

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jongho Jeong κ²€ν† : GYEONGHUI KIM
00:12
Some days, it feels like the only thing we can agree on
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가끔, 저희가 μœ μΌν•˜κ²Œ λ™μ˜ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 것은
00:16
is that we can't agree on anything.
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μ–΄λ–€ 것에도 λ™μ˜ν•  수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 사싀이라고 λŠλ‚λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:20
Public discourse is broken.
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곡개 담둠은 λ¬΄λ„ˆμ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
And we feel that everywhere --
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저희듀은 μ–΄λ””μ„œλ‚˜ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λŠλ‚λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:24
panelists on TV are screaming at each other,
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TV νŒ¨λ„λ“€μ€ μ„œλ‘œμ—κ²Œ μ†Œλ¦¬ 지λ₯΄κ³ 
00:27
we go online to find community and connection,
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저희듀은 곡동체와 μœ λŒ€κ°μ„ μ°Ύμ•„ 온라인으둜 κ°€μ§€λ§Œ
00:30
and we end up leaving feeling angry and alienated.
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κ²°κ΅­ ν™”λ‚˜κ³  μ†Œμ™Έλœ κ°μ •λ“€λ§Œ λ‚¨κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
In everyday life, probably because everyone else is yelling,
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μΌμƒμƒν™œμ—μ„œ, μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 저희듀은 λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ†Œλ¦¬ 지λ₯΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—,
00:38
we are so scared to get into an argument
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λ…ΌμŸμ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜λŠ” 것이 λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ‘λ €μ›Œμ„œ
00:41
that we're willing not to engage at all.
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κ²°μ½” μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ € ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
Contempt has replaced conversation.
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λŒ€ν™” λŒ€μ‹ μ— 경멸이 λ‚¨μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:49
My mission in life is to help us disagree productively.
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제 μΈμƒμ˜ 사λͺ…은 μƒμ‚°μ μœΌλ‘œ 이견을 내도둝 λ•λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
To find ways to bring truth to light, to bring new ideas to life.
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진싀을 밝히고 신사고에 ν™œλ ₯을 λΆˆμ–΄λ„£λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
I think -- I hope --
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μ €λŠ” μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€, μ €λŠ” μ†Œλ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
that there is a model for structured disagreement
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체계적인 λ…ΌμŸμ„ μœ„ν•œ λͺ¨λΈμ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:04
that's kind of mutually respectful
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μƒν˜Έ 쑴쀑을 ν‘œν•˜κ³ 
01:08
and assumes a genuine desire to persuade and be persuaded.
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μ„€λ“ν•˜κ³  μ„€λ“λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” 참된 열망을 μƒμ •ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:12
And to uncover it, let me take you back a little bit.
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λͺ¨λΈμ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ„ μ•½κ°„ 과거둜 λͺ¨μ‹€κ²Œμš”.
01:16
So, when I was 10 years old, I loved arguing.
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μ œκ°€ μ—΄ μ‚΄μ΄μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ λ…ΌμŸν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ’‹μ•„ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
01:21
This, like, tantalizing possibility
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κ°μ§ˆλ‚˜κ²Œ ν–ˆλ˜ κ°€λŠ₯μ„±μ΄λž€
01:23
that you could convince someone of your point of view,
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λˆ„κ΅°κ°€μ—κ²Œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 관점을 λ‚©λ“μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
just with the power of your words.
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단지 말의 힘으둜 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
And perhaps unsurprisingly,
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λ†€λž„ 일은 μ•„λ‹Œλ°
01:31
my parents and teachers loved this somewhat less.
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λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜κ³Ό μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ€ 이것을 λ‹€μ†Œ λ§˜μ— λ“€μ–΄ ν•˜μ‹œμ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ£ .
01:35
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:36
And in much the same way as they decided
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λ„€ μ‚΄μ˜ 쀄리아가 μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό μ’€ λΉΌλ €λ©΄,
01:38
that four-year-old Julia might benefit from gymnastics to burn off some energy,
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체쑰λ₯Ό λ³΄λ‚΄λŠ” 게 μ’‹κ² λ‹€λŠ” κ²°μ •κ³Ό 같이,
01:42
they decided that I might benefit from joining a debate team.
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μ—΄ μ‚΄μ˜ μ œκ°€ ν† λ‘  νŒ€μ— λ“€μ–΄κ°€μ„œ νž˜μ„ λΉΌλŠ” 게 μ’‹κ² λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
That is, kind of, go somewhere to argue where they were not.
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즉, 그뢄듀이 μ—†λŠ” κ³³μ—μ„œ λ…ΌμŸμ„ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:51
For the uninitiated,
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κ΄€λ ¨ κ²½ν—˜μ΄ μ—†μœΌμ‹  뢄듀을 μœ„ν•΄ κ°„λ‹¨νžˆ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜μžλ©΄,
01:53
the premises of formal debate are really straightforward:
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곡식 ν† λ‘ μ˜ μ „μ œλŠ” 사싀 κ°„λ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
there's a big idea on the table --
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탁상에 μ•ˆκ±΄μ΄ μƒμ •λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”.
01:57
that we support civil disobedience, that we favor free trade --
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‹œλ―Ό λΆˆλ³΅μ’…μ„ μ§€μ§€ν•œλ‹€ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 자유 무역을 μ°¬μ„±ν•œλ‹€ 같은 κ±°μ£ .
02:02
and one group of people who speaks in favor of that idea,
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그리고 μ°¬μ„±ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό
02:05
and one against.
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λ°˜λŒ€ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
My first debate
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μ €μ˜ 첫 번째 토둠이 μ—΄λ¦° 곳은
02:09
in the cavernous auditorium of Canberra Girls Grammar School
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캔버라 μ—¬μž μ€‘λ“±ν•™κ΅μ˜ νœ‘λŽ…κ·Έλ ν•œ κ°•λ‹Ήμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
02:12
was kind of a bundle of all of the worst mistakes
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κ°€μž₯ λ‚˜μœ μ‹€μˆ˜λ“€μ˜ 보따리 κ°™μ•˜μ–΄μš”.
02:16
that you see on cable news.
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케이블 λ‰΄μŠ€μ—μ„œ 보싀 수 μžˆλŠ” 그런 μ‹€μˆ˜λ“€ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
It felt easier to me to attack the person making the argument
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μ£Όμž₯을 νŽΌμΉ˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ„ κ³΅κ²©ν•˜λŠ” 것이 저에겐 더 μ‰½κ²Œ λŠκ»΄μ‘Œμ–΄μš”.
02:22
rather than the substance of the ideas themselves.
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아이디어 자체의 λ‚΄μš©μ„ κ³΅κ²©ν•˜λŠ” 것 λ³΄λ‹€μš”.
02:25
When that same person challenged my ideas,
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λ™μΌν•œ κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 제 아이디어에 λ„μ „ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
02:29
it felt terrible, I felt humiliated and ashamed.
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λ”μ°ν•˜λ‹€κ³  느꼈고, κ΅΄μš•μŠ€λŸ½κ³  μˆ˜μΉ˜μŠ€λŸ¬μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
And it felt to me like the sophisticated response to that
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μ œκ°€ μƒκ°ν–ˆλ˜ μ„Έλ ¨λœ λŒ€μ‘μ€
02:36
was to be as extreme as possible.
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κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 극단적인 쑰치λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:40
And despite this very shaky entry into the world of debate, I loved it.
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λΆˆμ•ˆν•œ ν† λ‘  μž…λ¬Έμ΄μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ λ§ˆμŒμ— λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
I saw the possibility, and over many years worked really hard at it,
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κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ κ°€λŠ₯성을 λ΄€κ³  μˆ˜λ…„μ— 걸쳐, 정말 μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ μž„ν–ˆκ³ 
02:50
became really skilled at the technical craft of debate.
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ν† λ‘ μ˜ 전문적인 기ꡐ에 μˆ™λ ¨λ˜μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:54
I went on to win the World Schools Debating Championships three times.
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세계 학ꡐ ν† λ‘  λŒ€νšŒμ—μ„œ μ„Έ 번 μš°μŠΉν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
I know, you're just finding out that this is a thing.
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이것을 λ§ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œκ² μ§€μš”.
03:00
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
03:04
But it wasn't until I started coaching debaters,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ œκ°€ ν† λ‘ μžλ“€μ„ μ§€λ„ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•œ λ’€μ—μ„œμ•Ό
03:07
persuaders who are really at the top of their game,
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μ„€λ“ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄μ•Όλ§λ‘œ μš°μœ„μ— μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
that I actually got it.
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03:13
The way that you reach people is by finding common ground.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ‹€κ°€κ°€λŠ” 방법은 곡톡 관심사λ₯Ό μ°ΎλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
It's by separating ideas from identity
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μžμ‹ κ³Ό 생각을 λΆ„λ¦¬ν•˜κ³ 
03:21
and being genuinely open to persuasion.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 이의 섀득에 λ§ˆμŒμ„ μ—΄μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:24
Debate is a way to organize conversations about how the world is, could, should be.
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토둠은 ν˜„μž¬ 상황, κ°œμ„ μ˜ 여지, 그에 λ”°λ₯Έ 의무λ₯Ό μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
Or to put it another way,
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λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬μžλ©΄,
03:33
I would love to offer you my experience-backed,
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μ œκ°€ κ²½ν—˜ν–ˆλ˜ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ ν•΄λ³΄μ‹œκΈΈ μΆ”μ²œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
evidence-tested guide to talking to your cousin about politics
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μ‚¬μ΄Œκ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ •μΉ˜ 토둠을 ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
at your next family dinner;
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λ‹€μŒ κ°€μ‘± 저녁 μ‹μ‚¬μ—μ„œμš”.
03:42
reorganizing the way in which your team debates new proposals;
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ νŒ€μ΄ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ œμ•ˆμ„ 놓고 ν† λ‘ ν•˜λŠ” 방식이 어떀지 νŒŒμ•…ν•œ λ‹€μŒ
03:46
thinking about how we change our public conversation.
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이 방식을 λ°”κΎΈλŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
And so, as an entry point into that:
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토둠에 μž…λ¬Έν•  λ•Œ 말이죠.
03:52
debate requires that we engage with the conflicting idea,
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토둠을 ν•  λ•Œ 저희듀은 μƒμΆ©λ˜λŠ” 주제λ₯Ό λ‹€λ£Ήλ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
directly, respectfully, face to face.
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μ§μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ, κ³΅μ†ν•˜κ²Œ, 얼꡴을 λ³΄λ©΄μ„œ 말이죠.
04:01
The foundation of debate is rebuttal.
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ν† λ‘ μ˜ ν† λŒ€λŠ” λ…Όλ°•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
The idea that you make a claim and I provide a response,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ£Όμž₯을 ν•˜κ³  μ €λŠ” μ‘λ‹΅ν•˜κ³ 
04:07
and you respond to my response.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 제 응닡에 μ‘λ‹΅ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
Without rebuttal, it's not debate, it's just pontificating.
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논박이 μ—†λ‹€λ©΄ 토둠이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 거듀먹거림일 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
And I had originally imagined that the most successful debaters,
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μ›λž˜, 제 생각에 κ°€μž₯ 성곡적인 ν† λ‘ μž
04:18
really excellent persuaders,
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즉, ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ μ„€λ“μžλŠ”
04:20
must be great at going to extremes.
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κ·Ήλ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ μΉ˜μš°μΉ˜λŠ”λ° λŠ₯μˆ™ν•΄μ•Όν–ˆκ³ 
04:24
They must have some magical ability to make the polarizing palatable.
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μ–‘κ·Ήν™”λœ 토둠을 보기 쒋도둝 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:31
And it took me a really long time to figure out
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μ €λŠ” 였랜 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§€λ‚˜μ„œμ•Ό 깨달은 것이 μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”.
04:34
that the opposite is actually true.
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μ •λ°˜λŒ€κ°€ 사싀 μ˜³λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
People who disagree the most productively start by finding common ground,
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κ°€μž₯ 효율적으둜 이견을 λ‚΄λŠ” μ„€λ“μžλŠ” λ¨Όμ € 곡톡점뢀터 μ°ΎμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:43
no matter how narrow it is.
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아무리 μ°ΎκΈ° νž˜λ“€ μ§€λΌλ„μš”.
04:45
They identify the thing that we can all agree on
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그듀은 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ λ™μ˜ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 지점을 μ°Ύμ•„λ‚΄κ³ 
04:48
and go from there:
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κ±°κΈ°μ„œλΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:50
the right to an education, equality between all people,
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κ΅μœ‘λ°›μ„ ꢌ리, 만인의 평등
04:55
the importance of safer communities.
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더 μ•ˆμ „ν•œ κ³΅λ™μ²΄μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ΄ 있죠.
04:58
What they're doing is inviting us
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그듀은 저희듀을 곡유된 ν˜„μ‹€λ‘œ μ΄ˆλŒ€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:59
into what psychologists call shared reality.
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05:04
And shared reality is the antidote to alternative facts.
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곡유된 ν˜„μ‹€μ€ κ²½ν•©ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬μ‹€μ˜ ν•΄λ…μ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:10
The conflict, of course, is still there.
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λ¬Όλ‘  κ°ˆλ“±μ€ μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:13
That's why it's a debate.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 토둠인 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:15
Shared reality just gives us a platform to start to talk about it.
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곡유된 ν˜„μ‹€μ€ μ €ν¬μ—κ²Œ ν† λ‘ ν•  λ°œνŒμ„ μ œκ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:20
But the trick of debate is that you end up doing it directly,
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ν† λ‘ μ˜ λ¬˜μ±…μ€ κ²°κ΅­ μ§μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ
05:24
face to face, across the table.
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탁상에 앉아 μ„œλ‘œλ₯Ό λ§ˆμ£Όλ΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:26
And research backs up that that really matters.
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연ꡬ쑰사에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ 그것이 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  λ°ν˜€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:30
Professor Juliana Schroeder at UC Berkeley and her colleagues
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버클리 λŒ€ν•™μ˜ μœ¨λ¦¬μ•„λ‚˜ μŠˆλ ˆλ” κ΅μˆ˜μ™€ λ™λ£Œλ“€μ€
05:34
have research that suggests that listening to someone's voice
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λ…ΌμŸμ„ ν•  λ•Œ μƒλŒ€μ—κ²Œ 경청을 ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
05:38
as they make a controversial argument
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05:40
is literally humanizing.
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말 κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μΈκ°„λ‹΅κ²Œ ν•œλ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:42
It makes it easier to engage with what that person has to say.
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μƒλŒ€λ°©μ˜ 말을 더 μ‰½κ²Œ 이해할 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ λ•μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:47
So, step away from the keyboards, start conversing.
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컴퓨터 μžνŒμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ‚˜μ™€μ„œ λŒ€ν™”ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
05:52
And if we are to expand that notion a little bit,
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쑰금 더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€,
05:54
nothing is stopping us from pressing pause on a parade of keynote speeches,
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일련의 κΈ°μ‘°μ—°μ„€κ³Ό 맀우 κ³΅μ†ν•œ νŒ¨λ„ ν† λ‘ μ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜
06:01
the sequence of very polite panel discussions,
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06:05
and replacing some of that with a structured debate.
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κ΅¬μ‘°ν™”λœ ν† λ‘ μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€μ²΄ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:09
All of our conferences could have, at their centerpiece,
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μ €ν¬λ“€μ˜ νšŒμ˜μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 점은
06:12
a debate over the biggest, most controversial ideas in the field.
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κ°€μž₯ λ…Όλž€μ΄ λ˜λŠ” 아이디어에 λŒ€ν•΄ ν† λ‘  ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:17
Each of our weekly team meetings could devote 10 minutes
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νŒ€ μ£Όλ‘€ νšŒμ˜λ§ˆλ‹€ 10λΆ„ 정도
06:21
to a debate about a proposal to change the way in which that team works.
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μΌν•˜λŠ” 방식을 λ°”κΎΈλŠ” μ œμ•ˆμ— λŒ€ν•΄ ν† λ‘ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:26
And as innovative ideas go, this one is both easy and free.
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그리고 ν˜μ‹ μ μΈ 아이디어듀이 κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•˜λ“―μ΄ 이것은 쉽기도 ν•˜κ³  κ³΅μ§œμ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:31
You could start tomorrow.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ„ 내일 μ‹œμž‘ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
06:33
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
06:34
And once we're inside this shared reality,
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곡유된 ν˜„μ‹€ μ†μ—μ„œ
06:37
debate also requires that we separate ideas
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토둠을 ν•  λ•Œ, ν† λ‘ ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ μžμ•„μ™€
06:41
from the identity of the person discussing them.
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μ˜κ²¬μ„ 뢄리해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:45
So in formal debate, nothing is a topic unless it is controversial:
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곡식 ν† λ‘ μ—μ„œ λ…Όλž€μ΄ μ•ˆ 되면 아무것도 λ…Όμ œκ°€ μ•ˆλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:49
that we should raise the voting age, outlaw gambling.
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예둜, μ„ κ±° 연령을 λ†’μ—¬μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€ 도박을 λΆˆλ²•ν™”ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ°€ 있죠.
06:54
But the debaters don't choose their sides.
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ν† λ‘ μžλ“€μ€ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μž…μž₯을 μ„ νƒν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:58
So that's why it makes no sense to do what 10-year-old Julia did.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ—΄ μ‚΄ 쀄리아가 ν–ˆλ˜ 것은 말이 μ•ˆλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:02
Attacking the identity of the person making the argument is irrelevant,
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μ£Όμž₯을 ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 신원을 κ³΅κ²©ν•˜λŠ” 것은 λΆ€μ μ ˆν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:07
because they didn't choose it.
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그듀이 μž…μž₯을 μ„ νƒν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:09
Your only winning strategy
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ μœ μΌν•œ 승리 μ „λž΅μ€
07:12
is to engage with the best, clearest, least personal version of the idea.
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μ΅œμ„ μ„ λ‹€ν•΄μ„œ κ°€μž₯ λͺ…λ£Œν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 인신 곡격적이지 μ•Šκ²Œ λ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:20
And it might sound impossible or naive to imagine
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이 κ°œλ…μ„ 고등학ꡐ κ°•λ‹Ή λ°–μ—μ„œ ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것이
07:24
that you could ever take that notion outside the high school auditorium.
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λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μˆœμ§„ν•˜λ‹€κ³  듀리싀지 λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:28
We spend so much time dismissing ideas as democrat or republican.
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λ―Όμ£Όλ‹Ή μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ κ³΅ν™”λ‹Ήμ΄λΌλŠ” 이뢄법적 μ‹œκ°μ„ λŒ€κ²Œ κ°€μ§€μ‹œλ‹ˆ κΉŒμš”.
07:35
Rejecting proposals because they came from headquarters,
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λ³ΈλΆ€μ—μ„œ μ™”κ±°λ‚˜ 같은 지역이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” 이유둜
07:38
or from a region that we think is not like ours.
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μ œμ•ˆμ„ κ±°μ ˆν•˜λ©΄μ„œ λ§Žμ€ μ‹œκ°„μ„ 보내고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:42
But it is possible.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 κ°œλ…μ€ μ‹€ν˜„ κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:44
When I work with teams, trying to come up with the next big idea,
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μ œκ°€ λ‹€μŒ κ³„νšμ„ 생각해 λ‚΄λ €κ³  νŒ€μ„ 이루어 μΌν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
07:48
or solve a really complex problem,
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λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•  λ•Œ
07:51
I start by asking them, all of them, to submit ideas anonymously.
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λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ 아이디어λ₯Ό 읡λͺ…μœΌλ‘œ μ œμΆœν•˜λΌκ³  μš”μ²­ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:57
So by way of illustration, two years ago,
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2λ…„ 전을 예둜 λ“€λ©΄
07:59
I was working with multiple government agencies
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λ‹€μˆ˜μ˜ μ •λΆ€ κΈ°κ΄€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜
08:02
to generate new solutions to reduce long-term unemployment.
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μž₯κΈ° 싀업에 λŒ€ν•œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 해결책을 찾으렀 μ• μ“°κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:06
Which is one of those really wicked,
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ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° νž˜λ“€κ³ 
08:08
sticky, well-studied public policy problems.
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λΆˆμΎŒν•˜κ³  많이 μ—°κ΅¬λœ 곡곡 μ •μ±… 문제 μ€‘μ˜ ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:12
So exactly as I described, right at the beginning,
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μ„€λͺ…ν•΄λ“œλ¦° κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ λ°”λ‘œ μ²˜μŒμ—
08:15
potential solutions were captured from everywhere.
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잠재적인 해결책을 λͺ¨λ“  κ³³μ—μ„œ ν¬μ°©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:18
We aggregated them,
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λͺ¨λ“  해결책듀을 μ’…ν•©ν•˜μ˜€κ³ 
08:20
each of them was produced on an identical template.
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같은 ν‹€μ—μ„œ μ œμ‹œλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:23
At this point, they all look the same, they have no separate identity.
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신원을 λ³„λ„λ‘œ λ°νžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ•„μ„œ λͺ¨λ‘ λ˜‘κ°™μ•„ λ³΄μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:27
And then, of course, they are discussed, picked over,
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λ¬Όλ‘  해결책듀을 λ…Όμ˜ν•˜κ³  잘 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³ 
08:31
refined, finalized.
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κ°œμ„ ν•˜κ³  μ™„κ²° μ§“μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:33
And at the end of that process, more than 20 of those new ideas
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 20κ°œκ°€ λ„˜λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 아이디어듀이
08:36
are presented to the cabinet ministers responsible for consideration.
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λ‹΄λ‹Ή μž₯κ΄€μ—κ²Œ μ œμΆœλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:41
But more than half of those, the originator of those ideas
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제좜된 μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄μ˜ μ ˆλ°˜μ€
08:47
was someone who might have a hard time getting the ear of a policy advisor.
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아이디어λ₯Ό λ‚Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 신원 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ •μ±… μžλ¬Έμœ„μ›λ“€μ„
08:52
Or who, because of their identity,
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μ§μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ‚˜κΈ°λŠ” νž˜λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:53
might not be taken entirely seriously if they did.
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이야기λ₯Ό ν•˜λ”λΌλ„ μ§„μ§€ν•˜κ²Œ 받아듀여지기 νž˜λ“€μ£ .
08:57
Folks who answer the phones, assistants who manage calendars,
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μ „ν™” μ‘λŒ€ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒ 일정을 κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” 보쑰원
09:01
representatives from agencies who weren't always trusted.
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늘 μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό λ°›λŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹Œ μ§μ›λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:07
Imagine if our news media did the same thing.
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μ–Έλ‘  맀체가 같은 일을 ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  μƒμƒν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
09:09
You can kind of see it now -- a weekly cable news segment
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μš”μ¦˜μ—λ„ μ’…μ’… λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ”λ°μš” μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ •μ±…μ•ˆμ„ λ‹€λ£¨λŠ”
09:13
with a big policy proposal on the table
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케이블 λ‰΄μŠ€ μ£Όκ°„ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ΄
09:15
that doesn't call it liberal or conservative.
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μ§„λ³΄μ μ΄κ±°λ‚˜ 보수적이라고 κ·Έ μ•ˆκ±΄μ„ λ‹¨μ •ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 경우죠.
09:19
Or a series of op-eds for and against a big idea
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λ˜λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ•ˆκ±΄μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 찬반 κ΄€λ ¨ μ‚¬μ„€λž€μ— λ…Όν‰ν•˜λŠ”
09:25
that don't tell you where the writers worked.
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μΉΌλŸΌλ‹ˆμŠ€νŠΈλ“€μ˜ μ†Œμ†μ„ λ°νžˆμ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” κ²½μš°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:28
Our public conversations, even our private disagreements,
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곡개 λ…Όμ˜λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 개인적 λ…ΌμŸμ‘°μ°¨λ„
09:32
can be transformed by debating ideas, rather than discussing identity.
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신원을 λ…Όν•˜κΈ°λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” 아이디어에 λŒ€ν•΄ ν† λ‘ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:40
And then, the thing that debate allows us to do as human beings
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토둠이 저희듀을 λ”μš± μΈκ°„λ‹΅κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” 점은
09:43
is open ourselves, really open ourselves up
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저희듀이 틀릴 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ°€λŠ₯성에
09:47
to the possibility that we might be wrong.
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μ €ν¬λ“€μ˜ λ§ˆμŒμ„ μ •λ§λ‘œ μ—΄ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:50
The humility of uncertainty.
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λΆˆν™•μ‹€μ„±μ— λŒ€ν•œ 겸손함을 λ°°μ›λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:54
One of the reasons it is so hard to disagree productively
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μƒμ‚°μ μœΌλ‘œ 이견을 λ‚΄λŠ” 것이 맀우 μ–΄λ €μš΄ 이유 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
09:58
is because we become attached to our ideas.
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저희듀이 μžμ‹ μ˜ 아이디어에 애착을 κ°–κ²Œ 되기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:01
We start to believe that we own them and that by extension, they own us.
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저희듀이 아이디어λ₯Ό μ†Œμœ ν•˜κ³  아이디어 λ˜ν•œ 저희듀을 μ†Œμœ ν•˜μ£ .
10:08
But eventually, if you debate long enough,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ 토둠을 ν•˜κ³ λ‚œ 후에
10:11
you will switch sides,
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κ²°κ΅­, μž…μž₯을 λ°”κΎΈκ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:12
you'll argue for and against the expansion of the welfare state.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 볡지 κ΅­κ°€ ν™•μž₯에 μ°¬μ„±ν•˜λ‹€κ°€ λ°˜λŒ€λ„ ν•΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:16
For and against compulsory voting.
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의무 νˆ¬ν‘œμ—λ„ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€κ΅¬μš”.
10:19
And that exercise flips a kind of cognitive switch.
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이것은 인지적 μŠ€μœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό λŒλ¦¬λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:24
The suspicions that you hold
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ˜Ήν˜Έν•˜λŠ” 신념과
10:26
about people who espouse beliefs that you don't have, starts to evaporate.
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λ°˜λŒ€λ˜λŠ” 신념을 μ§€μ§€ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ„ ν–₯ν•œ μ˜κ΅¬μ‹¬μ΄ μ‚¬λΌμ§€κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:31
Because you can imagine yourself stepping into those shoes.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ°˜λŒ€ μž…μž₯을 상상할 수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
10:35
And as you're stepping into those,
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μƒλŒ€μ˜ μž…μž₯μ—μ„œ 바라볼 수 있게 되면
10:37
you're embracing the humility of uncertainty.
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λΆˆν™•μ‹€μ„±μ˜ 겸손함을 λ°›μ•„λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:40
The possibility of being wrong.
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λˆ„κ΅¬λ‚˜ 틀릴 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ°€λŠ₯성이죠.
10:43
And it's that exact humility that makes us better decision-makers.
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λ°”λ‘œ κ·Έ 겸손이 저희λ₯Ό 더 λ‚˜μ€ μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ •μžλ‘œ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:48
Neuroscientist and psychologist Mark Leary at Duke University and his colleagues
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λ“€ν¬λŒ€ν•™κ΅μ˜ μ‹ κ²½κ³Όν•™μžμ΄μž μ‹¬λ¦¬ν•™μžμΈ 마크 리어리와
10:53
have found that people who are able to practice --
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그의 λ™λ£Œλ“€μ΄ μ•Œμ•„λ‚Έ λ°”λ‘œλŠ”
10:55
and it is a skill --
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μΌμ’…μ˜ 기술인
10:57
what those researchers call intellectual humility
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지적 겸손함을 ν–‰ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ€
11:00
are more capable of evaluating a broad range of evidence,
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폭넓은 증거의 μ°Έκ³Ό 거짓을 λΆ„λ³„ν•˜κ³ 
11:04
are more objective when they do so,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 더 객관적이며
11:06
and become less defensive when confronted with conflicting evidence.
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μƒλ°˜λ˜λŠ” 증거에 더 μ—΄λ €μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:11
All attributes that we want in our bosses,
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직μž₯ 상사, λ™λ£Œ, ν† λ‘  μƒλŒ€μž
11:14
colleagues, discussion partners, decision-makers,
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μ˜μ‚¬ κ²°μ •μžμ—κ²Œ λ°”λΌλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  νŠΉμ„±λ“€μ€
11:17
all virtues that we would like to claim for ourselves.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μžμ‹ μ—κ²Œ μš”μ²­ν•˜κ³  싢은 덕λͺ©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:22
And so, as we're embracing that humility of uncertainty,
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λΆˆν™•μ‹€μ„±μ˜ 겸손을 받아듀일 λ•Œ
11:26
we should be asking each other, all of us, a question.
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저희듀은 ν•œ 가지 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:30
Our debate moderators, our news anchors should be asking it
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ν† λ‘  μ‚¬νšŒμž 및 λ‰΄μŠ€ μ§„ν–‰μžλŠ” μ„ μΆœμ§ λŒ€ν‘œμžλ“€κ³Ό
11:34
of our elective representatives and candidates for office, too.
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곡직 ν›„λ³΄μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ˜ν•œ 이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:38
"What is it that you have changed your mind about and why?"
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"당신은 무엇에 λŒ€ν•΄, 그리고 μ™œ λ§ˆμŒμ„ λ°”κΎΈμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?"
11:44
"What uncertainty are you humble about?"
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"당신이 틀릴 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 κ²Έν—ˆνžˆ λ°›μ•„λ“€μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?"
11:50
And this by the way, isn't some fantasy
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κ³΅μ μƒν™œκ³Ό λŒ€μ€‘μ  λ…Όμ˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ
11:52
about how public life and public conversations could work.
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이 질문의 νš¨κ³ΌλŠ” λΉ„ν˜„μ‹€μ μ΄μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:56
It has precedent.
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μ„ λ‘€κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:57
So, in 1969,
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1969년에
11:59
beloved American children's television presenter Mister Rogers
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인기 λ§Žμ€ λ―Έκ΅­ 어린이 ν…”λ ˆλΉ„μ „ μ§„ν–‰μžμΈ λ‘œμ €μŠ€ λͺ©μ‚¬κ°€
12:03
sits impaneled
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νŒ¨λ„λ‘œ μ„ μ •λ˜μ–΄ 앉아 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:05
before the United States congressional subcommittee on communications,
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톡신계 λ―Έκ΅­ 의회 μ†Œμœ„μ›νšŒ μ•žμ—μ„œμš”.
12:08
chaired by the seemingly very curmudgeonly John Pastore.
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겉보기에도 맀우 μ‹¬μˆ κΆ‚μ€ μ‘΄ νŒŒμŠ€ν† λ ˆκ°€ 의μž₯을 맑고 있죠.
12:13
And Mister Rogers is there to make a kind of classic debate case,
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λ‘œμ €μŠ€ λͺ©μ‚¬λŠ” μ–΄λ ΅κΈ°λ‘œ μ†Œλ¬Έλ‚œ ν† λ‘ μ—μ„œ λ…Όκ±°λ₯Ό μ œμ‹œν•˜λ € ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:16
a really bold proposal:
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μ •λ§λ‘œ λŒ€λ‹΄ν•œ μ œμ•ˆμ΄μ£ .
12:18
an increase in federal funding for public broadcasting.
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λŒ€μ€‘ 방솑을 μœ„ν•œ μ—°λ°© 자금 지원 증앑 μ•ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:23
And at the outset,
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μ²˜μŒλΆ€ν„°
12:25
committee disciplinarian Senator Pastore is not having it.
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μœ„μ›νšŒ 규율주의자인 νŒŒμŠ€ν† λ ˆ μƒμ›μ˜μ›μ€ ν—ˆμš©ν•˜λ € ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:27
This is about to end really poorly for Mister Rogers.
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λ‘œμ €μŠ€ λͺ©μ‚¬μ—κ²Œ λΆˆλ¦¬ν•œ 싸움인거죠.
12:31
But patiently, very reasonably, Mister Rogers makes the case
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 끈기 있게, 맀우 ν•©λ¦¬μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‘œμ €μŠ€ λͺ©μ‚¬κ°€ μ˜κ²¬μ„ μ§„μˆ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:37
why good quality children's broadcasting,
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μ™œ μ–‘μ§ˆμ˜ 어린이 λ°©μ†‘μ΄λ‚˜
12:40
the kinds of television programs that talk about the drama that arises
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ν‰λ²”ν•œ κ°€μ •μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 사건에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ”
12:44
in the most ordinary of families,
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κ΄€λ ¨ TV ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ΄
12:47
matters to all of us.
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ 지λ₯Ό λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:49
Even while it costs us.
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λŒ€κ°€κ°€ λ”°λ₯Ό λ•Œμ‘°μ°¨ 말이죠.
12:51
He invites us into a shared reality.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 저희듀을 곡유된 ν˜„μ‹€λ‘œ μ΄ˆλŒ€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:55
And on the other side of that table,
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그런데 μœ„μ›νšŒ νƒμžμ˜ λ°˜λŒ€νŽΈμ—μ„œ
12:57
Senator Pastore listens, engages and opens his mind.
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νŒŒμŠ€ν† λ ˆ μƒμ›μ˜μ›μ΄ κ²½μ²­ν•˜κ³  μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ € ν•˜κ³  λ§ˆμŒμ„ μ—½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:05
Out loud, in public, on the record.
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큰 μ†Œλ¦¬λ‘œ, μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ μ•žμ—μ„œ, 보도 ν—ˆκ°€λ₯Ό μ „μ œλ‘œ ν•œ κ²ƒμΈλ°μš”.
13:10
And Senator Pastore says to Mister Rogers,
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νŒŒμŠ€ν† λ ˆ μƒμ›μ˜μ›μ΄ λ‘œμ €μŠ€ λͺ©μ‚¬μ—κ²Œ λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:13
"You know, I'm supposed to be a pretty tough guy,
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"μ €λŠ” κ½€ κ°•μΈν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμΈλ°,
13:15
and this is the first time I've had goosebumps in two days."
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이틀 λ§Œμ— λ‹­μ‚΄ λ‹λŠ” 것은 이번이 처음이였."
13:19
And then, later, "It looks like you just earned the 20 million dollars."
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"λ‹Ήμ‹  막 2천만 λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό 얻은 것 κ°™μ†Œ."
13:26
We need many more Mister Rogers.
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저희듀은 λ”μš± λ§Žμ€ λ‘œμ €μŠ€ λͺ©μ‚¬λ₯Ό ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:29
People with the technical skills of debate and persuasion.
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전문적인 κΈ°μˆ μ„ 가진 μ„€λ“μžλ₯Ό λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:33
But on the other side of that table,
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λ˜ν•œ λ°˜λŒ€λ‘œ
13:35
we need many, many, many more Senator Pastores.
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훨씬 더 λ§Žμ€ νŒŒμŠ€ν† λ ˆ μƒμ›μ˜μ›μ„ ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:41
And the magic of debate is that it lets you, it empowers you
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ν† λ‘ μ˜ λ§ˆμˆ μ€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ λ™μ‹œμ— λ‘œμ €μŠ€ λͺ©μ‚¬λ„ 되고
13:45
to be both Mister Rogers and Senator Pastore simultaneously.
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νŒŒμŠ€ν† λ ˆ μƒμ›μ˜μ›λ„ λ˜λ„λ‘ νž˜μ„ λΆ€μ—¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:51
When I work with those same teams that we talked about before,
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μ œκ°€ 전에 λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦° κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ νŒ€μ—μ„œ ν•¨κ»˜ 일을 ν•  λ•Œ
13:54
I ask them at the outset to pre-commit to the possibility of being wrong.
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κ·Έλ£Ή 멀버듀이 μžμ‹ μ΄ 틀릴 수 μžˆλŠ” κ°€λŠ₯성을 λ¨Όμ € 받아듀이도둝 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:00
To explain to me and to each other what it would take to change their minds.
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μžμ‹ μ˜ 사고λ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈλ €λ©΄ 무엇이 ν•„μš”ν• μ§€ μ„€λͺ…도 ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜κ΅¬μš”.
14:05
And that's all about the attitude, not the exercise.
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이것은 μ „λΆ€ 사고방식에 κ΄€ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:09
Once you start thinking about what it would take to change your mind,
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일단 사고λ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈλ €λ©΄ 무엇을 ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λ©΄
14:12
you start to wonder why you were quite so sure in the first place.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ²˜μŒμ— μ™œ 그토둝 ν™•μ‹ ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ˜μ•„ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:17
There is so much that the practice of debate
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μƒμ‚°μ μœΌλ‘œ 이견을 λ‚΄κΈ° μœ„ν•œ
14:21
has to offer us for how to disagree productively.
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λ§Žμ€ ν† λ‘  관행이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:24
And we should bring it to our workplaces,
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μ €ν¬λ“€μ˜ 직μž₯, μ—¬λŸ¬ 회의, μ‹œμ˜νšŒ νšŒμ˜μ—μ„œλ„
14:27
our conferences, our city council meetings.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν† λ‘  관행을 따라야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:30
And the principles of debate can transform the way that we talk to one another,
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κ·Έ μ›μΉ™μœΌλ‘œ 인해, 이야기 방식을 λ°”κΏ€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:35
to empower us to stop talking and to start listening.
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λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것보닀 κ²½μ²­ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘
14:40
To stop dismissing and to start persuading.
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λ¬΅μ‚΄ν•˜κΈ°λ³΄λ‹€ μ„€λ“ν•˜λ„λ‘
14:44
To stop shutting down and to start opening our minds.
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λ§ˆμŒμ„ 닫지 μ•Šκ³  μ—΄ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:48
Thank you so much.
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λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:50
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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