Iain Hutchison: Saving faces

29,535 views ใƒป 2011-02-23

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: J J LEE ๊ฒ€ํ† : han soo yeon
00:15
Our face is hugely important
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
because it's the external, visual part
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์–ผ๊ตด์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๋Š”
00:20
that everybody else sees.
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์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
Let's not forget it's a functional entity.
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์–ผ๊ตด์€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์‹ค์ฒด์ž„์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋ง๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:24
We have strong skull bones
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ธ
00:26
that protect the most important organ in our body: the brain.
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๋‘๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ํŠผํŠผํ•œ ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
It's where our senses are located, our special senses --
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๋‘๋‡Œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
our vision, our speech,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ, ์–ธ์–ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ,
00:34
our hearing, our smell, our taste.
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์ฒญ๊ฐ, ํ›„๊ฐ, ๋ฏธ๊ฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:36
And this bone
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด,
00:38
is peppered, as you can see, with the light shining through the skull
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์ด ๋ผˆ๋Š” ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ์— ํˆฌ๊ณผ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น›๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆจ์‰ฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
00:41
with cavities, the sinuses,
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๋ฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์Šตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”
00:43
which warm and moisten the air we breathe.
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๊ตฌ๋ฉ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋น„๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
But also imagine if they were filled with solid bone --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ์ด ๋นฝ๋นฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ
00:49
our head would be dead weight,
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๋ผˆ๋กœ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์—ฌ์„œ
00:51
we wouldn't be able to hold it erect,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋“ค์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
00:53
we wouldn't be able to look at the world around us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
This woman is slowly dying
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์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ์ž…๊ณผ ์ฝ”์˜ ํ”์ ์„
01:04
because the benign tumors in her facial bones
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์—†์• ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์•ˆ๋ฉด๋ผˆ์˜ ์–‘์„ฑ ์ข…์–‘์œผ๋กœ
01:07
have completely obliterated her mouth and her nose
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์„œ์„œํžˆ ์ฃฝ์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
so she can't breathe and eat.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ˆจ์‰ฌ์ง€๋„, ๋จน์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
Attached to the facial bones
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์–ผ๊ตด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์œค๊ณฝ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”
01:14
that define our face's structure
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์•ˆ๋ฉด๋ผˆ์— ๋ถ™์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:18
are the muscles that deliver our facial expression,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด ํ‘œ์ •๊ณผ ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ๋ณดํŽธ์  ์–ธ์–ด,
01:21
our universal language of expression,
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”
01:24
our social-signaling system.
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๊ทผ์œก๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
And overlying this is the skin drape,
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๊ทธ ์œ„์— ๋ฎ์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:29
which is a hugely complex
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์•„์ฃผ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ
01:31
three-dimensional structure --
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์ž…์ฒด์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
taking right-angled bends here and there,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ ์ง๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์ฐจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ,
01:35
having thin areas like the eyelids,
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๋ˆˆ๊บผํ’€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์–‡์€ ๋ถ€์œ„์™€
01:38
thick areas like the cheek, different colors.
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๋ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‘ํ„ฐ์šด ๋ถ€์œ„, ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ ํ˜ˆ์ƒ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
And then we have the sensual factor of the face.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ผ๊ตด์˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
Where do we like to kiss people?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์— ํ‚ค์Šคํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
01:46
On the lips. Nibble the ears maybe.
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์ž…์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ท€๋ฅผ ๊นจ๋ฌด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:49
It's the face where we're attracted to with that.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์–ผ๊ตด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
But let's not forget the hair.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฒด๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋ง๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
01:54
You're looking at the image on your left-hand side --
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์™ผํŽธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด,
01:56
that's my son with his eyebrows present.
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๋ˆˆ์น์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œ ์•„๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
Look how odd he looks with the eyebrows missing.
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๋ˆˆ์น์ด ์—†์–ด์ง€๋ฉด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒํ•œ์ง€ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:01
There's a definite difference.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
02:03
And imagine if he had hair sprouting from the middle of his nose,
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์ฝ” ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—์„œ ํ„ธ์ด ์ž๋ž€๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:05
he'd look even odder still.
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๋” ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
Dysmorphophobia
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์ถ”ํ˜•๊ณตํฌ์ฆ์€
02:09
is an extreme version
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
02:11
of the fact that we don't see ourselves
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”
02:13
as others see us.
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๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
It's a shocking truth
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค์ง ๊ฑฐ์šธ์— ๋น„์นœ
02:17
that we only see mirror images of ourselves,
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต ๋ฐ–์—๋Š” ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ ,
02:20
and we only see ourselves
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜
02:22
in freeze-frame photographic images
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์ •์ง€๋œ ๋‹จํŽธ์„ ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ƒ์—์„œ๋งŒ
02:24
that capture a mere fraction of the time that we live.
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์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
Dysmorphophobia
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์ถ”ํ˜•๊ณตํฌ์ฆ์€
02:29
is a perversion of this
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์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ์ƒ๊ธด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
02:31
where people who may be very good looking
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋ฆ„ ๋ผ์น˜๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์•…ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ณ 
02:33
regard themselves as hideously ugly
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์™ธ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์น˜๋ ค๊ณ 
02:35
and are constantly seeking surgery
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์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ํ•˜๋ คํ•˜๋Š”
02:37
to correct their facial appearance.
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์™œ๊ณก๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
They don't need this. They need psychiatric help.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ด ํ•„์š”์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:43
Max has kindly donated his photograph to me.
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๋งฅ์Šค๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ๊ทธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
He doesn't have dysmorphophobia, but I'm using his photograph
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ถ”ํ˜•๊ณตํฌ์ฆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„
02:48
to illustrate the fact that he looks exactly like a dysmorphophobic.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”ํ˜•๊ณตํฌ์ฆ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
In other words, he looks entirely normal.
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๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ •์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
Age is another thing
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์™ธ๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ•  ๋•Œ,
02:56
when our attitude toward our appearance changes.
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๋‚˜์ด๋Š” ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
So children judge themselves, learn to judge themselves,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์–ด๋ฅธ๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ ,
03:01
by the behavior of adults around them.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•™์Šตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
Here's a classic example: Rebecca has a benign blood vessel tumor
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ ˆ๋ฒ ์นด๋Š” ์–‘์„ฑ์˜ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์ข…์–‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
that's growing out through her skull, has obliterated her nose,
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์ข…์–‘์€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž๋ผ๊ณ , ์ฝ”์˜ ํ”์ ์„ ์—†์•ด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
and she's having difficulty seeing.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‹œ์•ผ ํ™•๋ณด์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
As you can see, it's blocking her vision.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์ข…์–‘์ด ์‹œ์•ผ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
She's also in danger, when she damages this,
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ์†์ƒ์„ ์ž…์„ ๋•Œ,
03:16
of bleeding profusely.
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๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ์ถœํ˜ˆ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์•ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
Our research has shown
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
03:20
that the parents and close loved ones of these children
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
03:23
adore them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
They've grown used to their face; they think they're special.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ž๊ธฐ ์–ผ๊ตด์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
03:28
Actually, sometimes the parents argue
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ํ™˜๋ถ€๋ฅผ
03:30
about whether these children should have the lesion removed.
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์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ• ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
And occasionally they suffer intense grief reactions
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์Šฌํ””์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋™์„ ๊ฒช์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
because the child they've grown to love
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์‚ฌ๋ž‘์œผ๋กœ ์–‘์œกํ–ˆ๋˜ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€
03:37
has changed so dramatically and they don't recognize them.
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๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๊ฐ„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
But other adults
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋ฅธ๋“ค์€
03:42
say incredibly painful things.
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๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋งŒํผ ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ง์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
They say, "How dare you take this child out of the house
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"์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ์ง‘ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋‚ด์„œ
03:46
and terrify other people.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.
03:48
Shouldn't you be doing something about this? Why haven't you had it removed?"
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”? ์™œ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?"
03:51
And other children in curiosity come up and poke the lesion,
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ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์™€์„œ ์ข…์–‘์„ ์ฟก์ฟก ์ฐŒ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
because -- a natural curiosity.
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์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:56
And that obviously alerts the child
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ์•„์ด์—๊ฒŒ
03:58
to their unusual nature.
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์ •์ƒ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์˜์‹ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
After surgery, everything normalizes.
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์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •์ƒํ™”๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
The adults behave more naturally,
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์–ด๋ฅธ๋“ค์€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๊ณ ,
04:05
and the children play more readily with other children.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
As teenagers --
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10๋Œ€์ผ ๋•Œ,
04:11
just think back to your teenage years --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ 10๋Œ€ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์ด์ผœ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:13
we're going through a dramatic
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ผ๊ตด์˜ ์™ธํ–ฅ์—
04:15
and often disproportionate change
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์ธ์ƒ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ข…์ข…์€
04:17
in our facial appearance.
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๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
We're trying to struggle to find our identity.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์• ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
We crave the approval of our peers.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™๋…„๋ฐฐ์˜ ์นญ์ฐฌ์„ ๊ฐˆ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
So our facial appearance is vital to us
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋ ค๊ณ 
04:26
as we're trying to project ourselves to the world.
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๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์™ธ๋ชจ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
Just remember that single acne spot
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๋ช‡ ์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ขŒ์ ˆ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋˜
04:30
that crippled you for several days.
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์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆ„ ์ž๊ตญ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:34
How long did you spend looking in the mirror every day,
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๋งค์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฑฐ์šธ ๋ณด๊ณ , ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ ์ธ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค,
04:37
practicing your sardonic look, practicing your serious look,
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์ง„์ง€ํ•œ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ˆ€ ์ฝ”๋„ค๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
04:40
trying to look like Sean Connery, as I did,
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ํ‰๋‚ด๋„ ๋‚ด๋ณด๊ณ , ํ•œ์ชฝ ๋ˆˆ์น์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋ณด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
04:42
trying to raise one eyebrow?
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ—ˆ๋น„ํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”.
04:44
It's a crippling time.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ขŒ์ ˆ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
I've chosen to show this profile view of Sue
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์ˆ˜์˜ ์ด ํ”„๋กœํ•„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ๊ณจ๋ž๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
04:50
because what it shows is her lower jaw jutting forward
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ๋Œ์ถœ๋˜์–ด ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์•„๋ž˜ํ„ฑ๊ณผ
04:53
and her lower lip jutting forward.
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์•„๋žซ ์ž…์ˆ ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
I'd like you all in the audience now to push your lower jaw forward.
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์•„๋ž˜ ํ„ฑ์„ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ฐ€์–ด์„œ
04:58
Turn to the person next to you,
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์˜†์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
push your lower jaws forward. Turn to the person next to you
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์•„๋ž˜ํ„ฑ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฐ€์–ด์„œ ์˜†์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์‹œ๊ณ 
05:02
and look at them -- they look miserable.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์Šฌํ”„๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
05:04
That's exactly what people used to say to Sue.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ˆ˜์—๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋˜ ๋ง์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
She wasn't miserable at all.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ์Šฌํ”„์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
05:09
But people used to say to her, "Why are you so miserable?"
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์Šฌํผ ๋ณด์ด์„ธ์š”?"
05:13
People were making misjudgments all the time
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
05:16
on her mood.
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
Teachers and peers were underestimating her; she was teased at school.
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๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋™๊ธ‰์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๊ณผ์†Œํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋†€๋ฆผ์„ ๋‹นํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
So she chose to have facial surgery.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
After the facial surgery,
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์•ˆ๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ดํ›„์— ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
she said, "My face now reflects my personality.
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"๋‚ด ์–ผ๊ตด์€ ์ด์ œ ์ œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
People know now that I'm enthusiastic,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ด์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
05:31
that I'm a happy person."
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ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
05:33
And that's the change that can be achieved for teenagers.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด 10๋Œ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
Is this change, though, a real change,
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์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„์งœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ผ๊นŒ์š”,
05:39
or is it a figment of the imagination
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”
05:42
of the patient themselves?
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์ƒ์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
05:44
Well we studied teenagers' attitudes
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์ž, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ต์ • ์•ˆ๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ํ•œ
05:46
to photographs of patients having this corrective facial surgery.
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ํ™˜์ž ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 10๋Œ€๋“ค์˜ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
And what we found was --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
05:51
we jumbled up the photographs
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์„ž์–ด๋†จ์„ ๋•Œ,
05:53
so they couldn't recognize the before and after --
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
what we found was that the patients were regarded
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„์—
05:57
as being more attractive after the surgery.
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๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
Well that's not surprising, but we also asked them to judge them
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
06:02
on honesty, intelligence,
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์ •์ง, ์ง€๋Šฅ, ํ˜ธ๊ฐ, ํญ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
06:04
friendliness, violence.
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ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋„๋ก ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
They were all perceived as being
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ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
06:09
less than normal in all those characteristics --
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๋ณดํ†ต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
more violent, etc. -- before the surgery.
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์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „์— ๋ณด๋‹ค ํญ๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
After the surgery,
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์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„์—,
06:16
they were perceived as being more intelligent,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ด๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜ธ๊ฐ์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ,
06:18
more friendly, more honest, less violent --
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๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •์งํ•˜๊ณ , ๋œ ํญ๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
and yet we hadn't operated on their intellect
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ง€๋Šฅ์ด๋‚˜
06:23
or their character.
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์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พผ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
When people get older,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์ด๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ,
06:27
they don't necessarily choose to follow this kind of surgery.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
Their presence in the consultation suite
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ง„์ฐฐ์‹ค์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
06:32
is a result of the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune.
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๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ถˆ์šด์ด ๋‹ฅ์ณค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
What happens to them
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•”์ด๋‚˜ ์ข…์–‘์˜
06:37
is that they may have suffered cancer or trauma.
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๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ๊ฒช๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๋‹นํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
So this is a photograph of Henry,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ—จ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๊ตด ์™ผํŽธ
06:41
two weeks after he had a malignant cancer removed
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๊ด‘๋Œ€๋ผˆ์™€ ์œ—ํ„ฑ, ๋ˆˆ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์—์„œ
06:44
from the left side of his face -- his cheekbone,
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์•…์„ฑ ์•”์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚œ ํ›„
06:47
his upper jaw, his eye-socket.
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๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋’ค์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
He looks pretty good at this stage.
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์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฝค ์ข‹์•„๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
06:51
But over the course of the next 15 years he had 14 more operations,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ๊ทธ์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์›ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„
06:54
as the disease ravaged his face
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๋ง๊ฐ€ํŠธ๋ ธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ–ฅํ›„ 15๋…„์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์„ธ์›” ๋™์•ˆ
06:56
and destroyed my reconstruction regularly.
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๊ทธ๋Š” 14์ฐจ๋ก€ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
I learned a huge amount from Henry.
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์ €๋Š” ํ—จ๋ฆฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
Henry taught me
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ํ—จ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฒŒ
07:02
that you can carry on working.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
He worked as an advocate. He continued to play cricket.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์ผ“์„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:07
He enjoyed life to the full,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ์ฆ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
and this was probably because he had a successful, fulfilling job
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ด๊ณ  ์„ฑ์ทจ๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ง์—…๊ณผ
07:11
and a caring family
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๋Œ๋ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๊ณ ,
07:13
and was able to participate socially.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
He maintained a calm insouciance.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ‰์˜จํ•จ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
I don't say he overcame this; he didn't overcome it.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•ด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
This was something more than that. He ignored it.
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๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
He ignored the disfigurement that was happening in his life
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์‚ถ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜ ์†์ƒ์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ,
07:27
and carried on oblivious to it.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
And that's what these people can do.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
Henriapi illustrates this phenomenon as well.
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ํ—จ๋ฆฌ์•„ํ”ผ๋Š” ์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
This is a man in his 20s
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ 20๋Œ€์—
07:36
whose first visit out of Nigeria was with this malignant cancer
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์•…์„ฑ ์•”์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜์„œ
07:39
that he came to the United Kingdom to have operated on.
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์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ์™”๋˜ ๋‚จ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
It was my longest operation.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘๋„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธด ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
It took 23 hours. I did it with my neurosurgeon.
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23์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์ฃ . ์ œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์™ธ๊ณผ์˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง‘๋„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
We removed all the bones at the right side of his face --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์šฐ์ธก ์•ˆ๋ฉด ๋ผˆ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
his eye, his nose,
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๊ทธ์˜ ๋ˆˆ๊ณผ ์ฝ”,
07:50
the skull bones, the facial skin --
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๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ๊ณผ ์–ผ๊ตด ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ๋“ฑ์„์š”.
07:52
and reconstructed him with tissue from the back.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๋–ผ์–ด๋‚ธ ์กฐ์ง์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๊ฑดํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:55
He continued to work as a psychiatric nurse.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋กœ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
He got married. He had a son called Jeremiah.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์„ ํ•ด์„œ ์ œ๋ ˆ๋ฏธ์•„๋ผ๋Š” ์•„๋“ค๋„ ์–ป์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:00
And again, he said,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
"This painting of me with my son Jeremiah
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"์ œ ์•„๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€
08:05
shows me as the successful man that I feel that I am."
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
08:08
His facial disfigurement
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๊ทธ์˜ ์•ˆ๋ฉด ์†์ƒ์€
08:10
did not affect him
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๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
because he had the support of a family;
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๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์ด ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
08:14
he had a successful, fulfilling job.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ง์—…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
So we've seen that we can change people's faces.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
But when we change people's faces,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ๋•Œ,
08:21
are we changing their identity --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๋” ์ข‹๊ฒŒ
08:23
for better or for worse?
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ํ˜น์€ ๋” ๋‚˜์˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
08:26
For instance,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด,
08:28
there are two different types of facial surgery.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์•ˆ๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
We can categorize it like that.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์ฃ .
08:32
We can say there are patients who choose to have facial surgery --
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์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์•ˆ๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š”
08:34
like Sue.
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ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
When they have facial surgery,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•ˆ๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ,
08:38
they feel their lives have changed
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ถ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ• ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ์ฃ .
08:40
because other people perceive them
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ
08:43
as better people.
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์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
They don't feel different.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
They feel that they've actually gained
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„
08:49
what they never had,
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์–ป๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
that their face now reflects their personality.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์€ ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ฃ .
08:53
And actually that's probably the difference between cosmetic surgery
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ฏธ์šฉ ์„ฑํ˜•๊ณผ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๊ณผ์˜
08:56
and this kind of surgery.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
Because you might say, "Well, this type of surgery
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
might be regarded as cosmetic."
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"์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์€ ๋ฏธ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์งˆ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
09:03
If you do cosmetic surgery, patients are often less happy.
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๋ฏธ์šฉ ์„ฑํ˜•์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ํ”ํžˆ ๋œ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
They're trying to achieve difference in their lives.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์‚ถ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
Sue wasn't trying to achieve difference in her life.
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์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์‚ถ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
She was just trying to achieve the face
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์„
09:16
that matched her personality.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๋งž์ถ”๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
But then we have other people
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•ˆ๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€
09:20
who don't choose to have facial surgery.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
They're people who have their face shot off.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ผ๊ตด์ด ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
I'll move it off, and we'll have a blank slide for those who are squeamish amongst you.
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๋น„์œ„๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํ•˜์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์„œ ๋นˆ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋กœ ๋†“๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
They have it forced upon them.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
And again, as I told you,
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๋‹ค์‹œ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋˜ ๋Œ€๋กœ
09:31
if they have a caring family
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ๋ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ
09:33
and good work life,
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์ข‹์€ ์ง์žฅ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:36
then they can lead normal and fulfilled lives.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์‚ถ์„ ์˜์œ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
Their identity doesn't change.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
Is this business
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์ด ๋น„์ง€๋‹ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€
09:43
about appearance and preoccupation with it
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์™ธ๋ชจ์™€ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
09:45
a Western phenomenon?
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์„œ๊ตฌ ํ˜„์ƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
09:47
Muzetta's family give the lie to this.
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๋ฎค์ œํƒ€์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฑฐ์ง“์ž„์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
This is a little Bangladeshi girl from the east end of London
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๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ๋™์ชฝ ๋์—์„œ ์˜จ ๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ ์†Œ๋…€๋กœ
09:53
who's got a huge malignant tumor on the right side of her face,
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์ด๋ฏธ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์•ž์„ ๋ชป ๋ณด๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ,
09:56
which has already made her blind
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ผ๋‚˜์„œ ๊ณง ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ชฐ
09:58
and which is rapidly growing and is going to kill her shortly.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•…์„ฑ ์ข…์–‘์„ ์–ผ๊ตด ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์— ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
After she had surgery to remove the tumor,
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ข…์–‘ ์ œ๊ฑฐ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ›„์—,
10:03
her parents dressed her in this beautiful green velvet dress,
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋ฒจ๋ฒณ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž…ํžˆ๊ณ ,
10:06
a pink ribbon in her hair,
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ์—๋Š” ํ•‘ํฌ๋ฆฌ๋ณธ์„ ๋‹ฌ์•„์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
and they wanted the painting to be shown around the world,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ฌด์Šฌ๋ฆผ๋“ค์ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š”
10:10
despite the fact that they were orthodox Muslims
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๋ถ€๋ฅด์นด๋ฅผ ์ž…๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
10:13
and the mother wore a full burqa.
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๊ทธ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋ณด์—ฌ์ง€๊ธธ ์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
So it's not simply a Western phenomenon.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์„œ๊ตฌ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
We make judgments on people's faces
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์„
10:22
all the time.
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ํŒ๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
It's been going on since we can think of Lombroso
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋กฌ๋ธŒ๋กœ์†Œ์™€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ ์ธ ์–ผ๊ตด์„
10:27
and the way he would define criminal faces.
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์ •์˜ํ–ˆ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๊ณ„์†๋˜์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
He said you could see criminal faces,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ ์ธ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ,
10:31
judging them just on the photographs that were showed.
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๋ณด์—ฌ์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
Good-looking people
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์ž˜์ƒ๊ธด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
10:36
are always judged as being more friendly.
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์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์นœ๊ทผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŒ๋‹จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
We look at O.J. --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” O.J๋ฅผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
he's a good-looking guy.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž˜์ƒ๊ธด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
We'd like to spend time with him. He looks friendly.
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๊ทธ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ฃ . ์นœ๊ทผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
Now we know that he's a convicted wife-batterer,
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‚ด ํญํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ฃ„ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ ,
10:48
and actually he's not the good guy.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
And beauty doesn't equate to goodness,
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์€ ์„ ํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™๋“ฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
10:54
and certainly doesn't equate to contentment.
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋งŒ์กฑ๊ณผ ๋™๋“ฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
So we've talked about the static face
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •์ง€๋œ ์–ผ๊ตด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋งํ•ด์™”๊ณ 
10:59
and judging the static face,
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์ •์ง€๋œ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
but actually, we're more comfortable
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ์–ผ๊ตด์„
11:03
with judging the moving face.
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ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
We think we can judge people on their expressions.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ํ‘œ์ •์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
U.K. jurors in the U.K. justice system
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์˜๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์›๋“ค์€
11:11
like to see a live witness
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ํ—ˆ์œ„์˜ ์ˆจ๊ธธ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ
11:13
to see whether they can pick up the telltale signs of mendacity --
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ํฌ์ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ ์ฆ์ธ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
the blink, the hesitation.
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๋ˆˆ ๊นœ๋นก์ž„์ด๋‚˜ ๋ง ๋”๋“ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
11:19
And so they want to see live witnesses.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์ฆ์ธ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์›ํ•˜์ฃ .
11:22
Todorov tells us that, in a tenth of a second,
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ํ† ๋„๋กœํ”„๋Š” 1/10์ดˆ ์•ˆ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์„
11:25
we can make a judgment on somebody's face.
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ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
Are we uncomfortable with this image? Yes, we are.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ๊ฑฐ๋ถํ•จ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
Would we be happy if our doctor's face, our lawyer's face,
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๋งŒ์ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์˜์‚ฌ์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด, ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด, ์žฌ๋ฌด ์ž๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์ด
11:34
our financial adviser's face was covered?
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๊ฐ€๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ–‰๋ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:36
We'd be pretty uncomfortable.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ถํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
But are we good at making the judgments
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ผ๊ตด์˜ ์™ธ๊ด€๊ณผ ์›€์ง์ž„์„
11:40
on facial appearance and movement?
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ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
11:43
The truth is that there's a five-minute rule,
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์ง„์‹ค์€ 5๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
not the tenth-of-a-second rule like Todorov, but a five-minute rule.
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ํ† ๋„๋กœํ”„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ 1/10์ดˆ ๋ฒ•์น™์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ 5๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
If you spend five minutes with somebody,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ 5๋ถ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:50
you start looking beyond their facial appearance,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด ์™ธ๊ด€ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ,
11:52
and the people who you're initially attracted to
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๋Œ๋ ธ์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ,
11:54
may seem boring and you lose interest in them,
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๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋Š” ๋งค๋ ฅ์„ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
11:56
and the people who you didn't immediately seek out,
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์ฆ‰์‹œ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
11:58
because you didn't find them particularly attractive,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
12:00
become attractive people
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๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
12:02
because of their personality.
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๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
So we've talked a lot about facial appearance.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ผ๊ตด ์™ธ๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
I now want to share
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์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๊ณผ
12:10
a little bit of the surgery that we do --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
12:12
where we're at and where we're going.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
This is an image of Ann
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ค์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
who's had her right jaw removed and the base of her skull removed.
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์•ค์€ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ํ„ฑ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์ฃ .
12:18
And you can see in the images afterward,
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๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์„
12:20
we've managed to reconstruct her successfully.
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์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต์›ํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
But that's not good enough.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
This is what Ann wants. She wants to be out kayaking,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์•ค์ด ์›ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•ผ์™ธ์—์„œ ์นด์•ฝ์„ ํƒ€๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
she wants to be out climbing mountains.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•ผ์™ธ์—์„œ ์‚ฐ์„ ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ธธ ์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:28
And that's what she achieved, and that's what we have to get to.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
This is a horrific image,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด์ฃ .
12:32
so I'm putting my hand up now.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์†์„ ๋“ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
This is a photograph of Adi,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋””์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:36
a Nigerian bank manager who had his face shot off
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๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์ธ ์€ํ–‰ ๋งค๋‹ˆ์ €๋กœ ๋ฌด์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋„์—๊ฒŒ
12:38
in an armed robbery.
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์–ผ๊ตด์— ์ด์„ ๋งž์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
And he lost his lower jaw, his lip, his chin
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ„ฑ๊ณผ ์ž…์ˆ , ์•„๋žซ ํ„ฑ,
12:42
and his upper jaw and teeth.
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์œ—ํ„ฑ๊ณผ ์น˜์•„๋ฅผ ์žƒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
This is the bar that he set for us.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•œ ์žฅ์• ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
"I want to look like this. This is how I looked before."
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"์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์ „์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด์ฃ ."
12:49
So with modern technology,
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ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ,
12:51
we used computers to make models.
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๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
We made a model of the jaw without bone in it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ผˆ ์—†์ด ํ„ฑ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
We then bent a plate up to it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์œ„์— ํŒ๊ธˆ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋ ค ๋ฎ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
We put it in place
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋†“๊ณ ,
13:00
so we knew it was an accurate position.
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์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์œ„์น˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
We then put bone and tissue from the back.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๋ผˆ์™€ ์กฐ์ง์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:05
Here you can see the plate holding it,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํŒ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
and you can see the implants being put in --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ค์น˜๋œ ์‚ฝ์ž…๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
so that in one operation
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ๋‚ด์—์„œ
13:12
we achieve this
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
13:15
and this.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:17
So the patient's life is restored.
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ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์€ ๋ณต์›๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
That's the good news.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
However, his chin skin
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ์˜ ํ„ฑ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋Š”
13:23
doesn't look the same as it did before.
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์ „๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:25
It's skin from his back.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
It's thicker, it's darker, it's coarser, it doesn't have the contours.
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๋” ๋‘๊ป๊ณ , ์–ด๋‘์šฐ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฑฐ์น ์ฃ . ์œค๊ณฝ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:30
And that's where we're failing,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹คํŒจํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด์ฃ .
13:32
and that's where we need the face transplant.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋ฉด ์ด์‹์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
The face transplant has a role
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์•ˆ๋ฉด ์ด์‹์€ ํ™”์ƒ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ
13:36
probably in burns patients to replace the skin.
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ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
We can replace the underlying skeletal structure,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋†“์—ฌ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
13:41
but we're still not good at replacing the facial skin.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์•ˆ๋ฉด ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
So it's very valuable
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์„ค์—์„œ
13:46
to have that tool in our armamentarium.
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๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
But the patients are going to have to take drugs
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
13:50
that suppress their immune system for the rest of their lives.
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๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์•ฝ์„ ๋ณต์šฉํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:52
What does that mean?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
13:54
They have an increased risk of infection, an increased risk of malignancy.
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๊ฐ์—ผ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ณผ ์•…์„ฑ ์ข…์–‘์˜ ์œ„์—„์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:57
This is not a life-saving transplant --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ฌ์žฅ, ๊ฐ„, ํ—ˆํŒŒ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด
13:59
like a heart, or liver, or lung transplant --
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์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ด์‹์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
it is a quality-of-life transplant,
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์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ด์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:05
and as a result,
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ
14:07
are the patients going to say, if they get a malignant cancer 10 or 15 years on,
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ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด 10~15๋…„์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ ์•…์„ฑ ์ข…์–‘์„ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
"I wish I'd had conventional reconstructive techniques rather than this
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"์ด๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์žฌ๊ฑด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ”๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:13
because I'm now dying of a malignant cancer"? We don't know yet.
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์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•…์„ฑ ์ข…์–‘ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฃฝ์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ ." ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:16
We also don't know what they feel
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
14:19
about recognition and identity.
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
Bernard Devauchelle and Sylvie Testelin, who did the first operation,
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์ฒซ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฒ ๋ฅด๋‚˜๋ฅด ๋“œ๋ณด์…€๊ณผ ์‹ค๋น„ ํ…Œ์Šคํ‹€๋ฆฐ์€
14:24
are studying that.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:26
Donors are going to be short on the ground,
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๊ธฐ์ฆ์ž๋Š” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
because how many people want to have their loved one's face
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋– ๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ
14:32
removed at the point of death?
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์•ˆ๋ฉด์ด ์ด์‹๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:35
So there are going to be problems
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•ˆ๋ฉด ์ด์‹์—๋Š”
14:37
with face transplantation.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:39
So the better news is
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์†Œ์‹์€
14:41
the future's almost here --
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
and the future is tissue engineering.
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๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋Š” ์กฐ์ง ๊ณตํ•™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:45
Just imagine,
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
14:47
I can make a biologically-degradable template.
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ฃผํ˜•์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:50
I can put it in place where it's meant to be.
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์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ณณ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ„์น˜์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:52
I can sprinkle a few cells,
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ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์—‰๋ฉ์ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ
14:54
stem cells from the patient's own hip,
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์„ธํฌ์™€ ์ค„๊ธฐ ์„ธํฌ์™€
14:56
a little bit of genetically engineered protein,
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์œ ์ „์ž ๋ณ€ํ˜•์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ,
14:58
and lo and behold, leave it for four months and the face is grown.
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4๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์–ผ๊ตด์ด ์ž๋ผ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
This is a bit like a Julia Child recipe.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค„๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ฐจ์ผ๋“œ์˜ ๋น„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:06
But we've still got problems.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
We've got mouth cancer to solve.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ๊ตฌ๊ฐ• ์•”์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:10
We're still not curing enough patients -- it's the most disfiguring cancer.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ์น˜์œ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™ธํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ง๊ฐ€ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:13
We're still not reconstructing them well enough.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์žฌ๊ฑด์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:16
In the U.K. we have an epidemic
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์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—
15:18
of facial injuries among young people.
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์•ˆ๋ฉด ์†์ƒ์˜ ์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘์ด ๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:20
We still can't get rid of scars.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:22
We need to do research.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:24
And the best news of all
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์€
15:26
is that surgeons know
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์™ธ๊ณผ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์€
15:28
that we need to do research.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:30
And we've set up charities
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•๊ณผ
15:32
that will help us fund
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์„
15:34
the clinical research
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
15:36
to determine the best treatment practice now
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์ž„์ƒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
15:38
and better treatment into the future,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์„ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:40
so we don't just sit on our laurels and say, "Okay, we're doing okay.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ๋†“์€ ๊ฒƒ์— ์•ˆ์ฃผํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:42
Let's leave it as it is."
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"์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋‘์ž๊ตฌ์š”."
15:44
Thank you very much indeed.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:46
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)

Original video on YouTube.com
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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