Adventures of an interplanetary architect | Xavier De Kestelier

111,463 views ใƒป 2018-01-11

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Changkyun Ahn ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
00:12
I must have been about 12 years old
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์ œ๊ฐ€ 12์‚ด์ฏค ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
00:15
when my dad took me to an exhibition on space,
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์ €ํฌ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„  ์ €๋ฅผ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ฐ•๋žŒํšŒ์— ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
not far from here, in Brussels.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋ฉ€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ธŒ๋คผ์…€์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:21
And the year was about -- I think it was 1988,
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์ œ ๊ธฐ์–ต์— ๊ทธ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋งˆ 1988๋…„์ด์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
so it was the end of the Cold War.
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๋ƒ‰์ „ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ ๋ฌด๋ ต์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:27
There was a bit of an upmanship going on between the Americans and the Russians
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ฐœ ์•ž์„œ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
00:31
bringing bits to that exhibition.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์€ ๋ฐ•๋žŒํšŒ์—์„œ๋„ ์—ฟ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
NASA brought a big blow-up space shuttle,
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NASA๋Š” ํ’์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ์šฐ์ฃผ ์™•๋ณต์„ ์„ ์ „์‹œํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
00:37
but the Russians, they brought a Mir space station.
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฅด ์šฐ์ฃผ์ •๊ฑฐ์žฅ์„ ์ „์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
It was actually the training module,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œํ—˜์šฉ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
00:44
and you could go inside and check it all out.
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๊ด€๋žŒ๊ฐ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑธ ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:47
It was the real thing --
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์‹ค๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
00:48
where the buttons were, where the wires were,
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๋ฒ„ํŠผ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์™€ ์ „์„ ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์„ ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•ด
00:51
where the astronauts were eating, where they were working.
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋น„ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์‹์‚ฌ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ž‘์—… ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:54
And when I came home,
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์ €๋Š” ์ง‘์— ๋Œ์•„์™€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
the first thing I did, I started drawing spaceships.
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01:00
Now, these weren't science fiction spaceships, no.
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๊ณต์ƒ๊ณผํ•™ ์˜ํ™”์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ํ”ํ•œ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„  ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
They were actually technical drawings.
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์‹ค์ œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋„๋ฉด๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ๋ ธ์ฃ .
01:06
They were cutaway sections
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๋‚ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฉด๋„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
of what kind of structure would be made out of,
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ 
01:11
where the wires were, where the screws were.
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์ „์„ ๊ณผ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ ธ์ฃ .
01:15
So fortunately, I didn't become a space engineer,
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„, ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ ํ•ญ๊ณต ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
but I did become an architect.
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:21
These are some of the projects that I've been involved with
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ 15๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๊ฑด์ถ• ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋“ค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
over the last decade and a half.
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01:27
All these projects are quite different, quite different shapes,
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๊ฐ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ฌ๋ž๊ณ , ํ˜•ํƒœ๋„ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
and it is because they are built for different environments.
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์„ธ์›Œ์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
They have different constraints.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
01:36
And I think design becomes really interesting
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋””์ž์ธ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ์•ฝ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šธ์ˆ˜๋ก
01:39
when you get really harsh constraints.
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๋” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
Now, these projects have been all over the world.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑด์ถ• ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
01:48
A few years ago, this map wasn't good enough.
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด ์ง€๋„์—๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋‹ด์•„๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
It was too small.
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์ง€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž‘์•˜์–ด์š”.
01:53
We had to add this one,
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์ด๊ณณ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
01:55
because we were going to do a project on the Moon
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ตญ์˜ ๋‹ฌ ๊ฑด์ถ• ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ
01:59
for the European Space Agency;
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งก๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
they asked us to design a Moon habitat --
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ตญ์€ ๋‹ฌ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์˜๋ขฐํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
02:03
and one on Mars with NASA,
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NASA๋Š” ํ™”์„ฑ์„ ์˜๋ขฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
a competition to look at a habitation on Mars.
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ํ™”์„ฑ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์˜€์ฃ .
02:12
Whenever you go to another place,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ๋ฉด ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜,
02:15
as an architect
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ์ง์—…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
02:17
and try to design something,
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02:20
you look at the local architecture, the precedents that are there.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์ด๋ฏธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๋จผ์ € ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
Now, on the Moon, it's kind of difficult, of course,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‹ฌ ์œ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€์š”. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
02:26
because there's only this.
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02:27
There's only the Apollo missions.
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์•„ํด๋กœ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
So last that we went there, I wasn't even born yet,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ ์ €๋Š” ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์ „์ด์—ˆ๊ณ ,
02:34
and we only spent about three days there.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋‹ฌ ์œ„์—์„œ ์˜ค์ง 3์ผ๋งŒ ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ €์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
So for me, that's kind of a long camping trip, isn't it,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ œ๊ฒ ๋งˆ์น˜ ๊ฟˆ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:42
but a rather expensive one.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋น„์‹ธ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
02:46
Now, the tricky thing,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์ •๋ง ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šด ์ ์€
02:48
when you're going to build on another planet or a moon,
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๋ง‰์ƒ ๋‹ฌ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰์„ฑ์— ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์ง“๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
02:52
is how to get it there, how to get it there.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
So first of all,
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์šฐ์„  ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
02:59
to get a kilogram, for example, to the Moon's surface,
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1 kg์„ ๋‹ฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹ฃ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ ค๋ฉด
03:02
it will cost about 200,000 dollars,
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์•ฝ 2์–ต ์› ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์š” ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
very expensive.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋น„์‹ธ์ฃ .
03:08
So you want to keep it very light.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
Second, space. Space is limited. Right?
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๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์ฃผ์„  ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์ข์ž–์•„์š”?
03:14
This is the Ariane 5 rocket.
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์ด๊ฑด ์•„๋ฆฌ์•ˆ 5 ๋กœ์ผ“์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
03:16
The space you have there
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์ € ๋กœ์ผ“ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ 4.5m x 7m์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
is about four and a half meters by seven meters, not that much.
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์–ผ๋งˆ ์•ˆ ๋˜์ฃ .
03:23
So it needs to be an architectural system
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ๊ฑด์ถ• ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€
03:26
that is both compact, or compactable, and light,
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์ž‘๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
and I think I've got one right here.
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์ œ๊ฒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
It's very compact,
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๋ถ€ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ ,
03:36
and it's very light.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์šด ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ด์ฃ .
03:39
And actually,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ €๋Š”..
03:40
this is one I made earlier.
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์ข€ ์ „์— ์ด๊ฑธ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
03:45
Now, there's one problem with it,
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์ด ๋…€์„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:48
that inflatables
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ’์„  ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š”
03:52
are quite fragile.
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๋งค์šฐ ์—ฐ์•ฝํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
They need to be protected,
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๋ณดํ˜ธ ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:58
specifically, when you go to a very harsh environment like the Moon.
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ํŠนํžˆ๋‚˜ ๋‹ฌ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๊ฐ€ํ˜นํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
04:05
Look at it like this.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
The temperature difference on a Moon base
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๋‹ฌ ํƒ์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ์ง€์˜ ์˜จ๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ 200๋„ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
could be anything up to 200 degrees.
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04:13
On one side of the base, it could be 100 degrees Celsius
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๊ธฐ์ง€์˜ ํ•œ์ชฝ ๋ฉด์€ ์˜์ƒ 100๋„์ธ๋ฐ
04:17
and on the other side, it could be minus 100 degrees.
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์€ ์˜ํ•˜ 100๋„์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:20
We need to protect ourselves from that.
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๊ทธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
The Moon also does not have any magnetic fields,
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๋‹ฌ์—๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ๋„ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
04:29
which means that any radiation -- solar radiation, cosmic radiation --
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ํƒœ์–‘ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ, ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์ด๋ผ๋„
04:34
will hit the surface.
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์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
We need to protect ourselves from that as well,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๊ณ 
04:38
protect the astronauts from that.
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋น„ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋“ค๋„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด์•ผํ•˜์ฃ .
04:41
And then third,
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ,
04:42
but definitely not last,
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์ด๊ฑธ๋กœ ๋์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:44
the Moon does not have any atmosphere,
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๋‹ฌ์—๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:48
which means any meteorites coming into it will not get burned up,
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์šด์„์ด ๋–จ์–ด์งˆ ๋•Œ ๋ถˆํƒ€์„œ ์—†์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋Œ์ง„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
and they'll hit the surface.
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04:54
That's why the Moon is full of craters.
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๋‹ฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋ถ„ํ™”๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:57
Again, we need to protect the astronauts from that.
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์šฐ์ฃผ์ธ๋“ค์„ ์šด์„์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
So what kind of structure do we need?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
05:03
Well, the best thing is really a cave,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฑด ๋™๊ตด ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
because a cave has a lot of mass, and we need mass.
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๋™๊ตด์€ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ์ฃ . ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด ํฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
We need mass to protect ourselves from the temperatures,
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์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ปค์•ผ ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”๋‚˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ๋…ธ์ถœ, ์šด์„์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
05:13
from the radiation
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05:14
and from the meteorites.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
05:17
So this is how we solved it.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
We have indeed the blue part, as you can see.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํŒŒ๋ž€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ .
05:23
That's an inflatable for our Moon base.
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์ €๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์‹ ๋‹ฌ ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
It gives a lot of living space and a lot of lab space,
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๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋‚˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:29
and attached to it you have a cylinder,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๊ธฐ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์›ํ†ต ๋ชจ์–‘์ด
05:32
and that has all the support structures in,
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์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋ช… ์œ ์ง€์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
all the life support and also the airlock.
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์ƒ๋ช… ์œ ์ง€ ์žฅ์น˜์ด์ž ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ž ๊ธˆ ์žฅ์น˜์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
And on top of that, we have a structure, that domed structure,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์œ„์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋” ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด
05:44
that protects ourselves,
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ํฐ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:45
has a lot of mass in it.
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05:48
Where are we going to get this material from?
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์ด ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋””์„œ ๊ตฌํ•˜์ฃ ?
05:50
Are we going to bring concrete and cement from Earth to the Moon?
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์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์™€ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‹ฌ๋กœ ์šด๋ฐ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
05:53
Well, of course not, because it's way too heavy.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฌด๊ฒ๊ณ  ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:56
It's too expensive.
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05:57
So we're going to go and use local materials.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹ฌ์—์„œ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
06:01
Now, local materials are something we deal with on Earth as well.
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๋‹ฌ์—์„œ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฝค๋‚˜ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
Wherever we build or whatever country we build in,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์ง€์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”,
06:06
we always look at, what are the local materials here?
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์–ด๋Š ๋‚˜๋ผ, ์–ด๋Š ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋“ ์ง€ ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜„์ง€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
The problem with the Moon is, what are the local materials?
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๋‹ฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ˜„์ง€์˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
Well, there's not that many.
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์ •๋ง ๋ช‡ ์•ˆ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
06:14
Actually, we have one.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
It's moondust,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹ฌ ๋จผ์ง€๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
06:18
or, fancier scientific name, regolith, Moon regolith.
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๋” ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๋“ฏํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™ ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ๋Š” ํ‘œํ† , ๋‹ฌ ํ‘œํ† (regolith)๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
Great thing is, it's everywhere, right?
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์ข‹์€ ์ ์€ ์ด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ์— ๋„๋ ค์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:27
The surface is covered with it.
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ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ด ์˜จํ†ต ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฎ์—ฌ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
It's about 20 centimeters up to a few meters everywhere.
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๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ 20cm ์ •๋„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ช‡ m์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜์ฃ .
06:34
But how are we going to build with it?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ† ๋กœ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊นŒ์š”?
06:36
Well, we're going to use a 3D printer.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
Whenever I ask any of you what a 3D printer is,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋ฉด
06:42
you're probably all thinking, well, probably something about this size
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๋Œ€๋žต ์ด ์ •๋„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
06:46
and it would print things that are about this size.
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์š”๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ”„๋ฆฐํŠธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
06:50
So of course I'm not going to bring a massive 3D printer to the Moon
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ €๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋‹ฌ ๊ธฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ”„๋ฆฐํŠธํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
to print my Moon base.
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06:55
I'm going to use a much smaller device, something like this one here.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ž‘์€ ์ด ์ •๋„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
So this is a small device, a small robot rover,
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์ด๊ฑด ์ž‘์€ ์žฅ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์ž‘์€ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ์ด์ฃ .
07:03
that has a little scoop,
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์ž‘์€ ์‚ฝ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
07:06
and it brings the regolith to the dome
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ํ‘œํ† ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋”์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™€
07:09
and then it lays down a thin layer of regolith,
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๊น”์•„์„œ ์–‡์€ ํ‘œํ† ์ธต์„ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋’ค
07:14
and then you would have the robot that will solidify it,
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๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธต์ธต์ด ๋‹ค์ ธ์„œ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
layer by layer,
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07:19
until it creates, after a few months,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด
07:22
the full base.
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์™„์ „ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ฃ .
07:25
You might have noticed
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์•„๋งˆ ๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ„์…จ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
07:27
that it's quite a particular structure that we're printing,
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋ฆฐํŠธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๊ฝค ๋…ํŠนํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
and I've got a little example here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฌ๋ณธ์„ ๋ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
07:35
What we call this is a closed-cell foam structure.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ 'ํ์‡„ ์…€ ๋ฐœํฌ๊ตฌ์กฐ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
Looks quite natural.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
07:42
The reason why we're using this
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฎ๊ฐœ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
07:44
as part of that shell structure
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07:46
is that we only need to solidify certain parts,
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์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋งŒ ๊ตณํžˆ๋ฉด ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
which means we have to bring less binder from Earth,
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๊ทธ๋ง์ธ ์ฆ‰์Šจ ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ์ ‘์ฐฉ์ œ ์–‘์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:54
and it becomes much lighter.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์›Œ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
Now --
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์ด์ œ..
07:59
that approach of designing something
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๋””์ž์ธํ•œ ๋’ค์—
08:02
and then covering it with a protective dome
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๋ณดํ˜ธ์šฉ ๋” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ๋ฎ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€
08:05
we also did for our Mars project.
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ํ™”์„ฑ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—๋„ ์“ฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
You can see it here, three domes.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
08:10
And you see the printers printing these dome structures.
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์ด ๋” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“  ํ”„๋ฆฐํ„ฐ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:15
There's a big difference between Mars and the Moon,
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ํ™”์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
08:17
and let me explain it.
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์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด
08:19
This diagram shows you to scale
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์™€ ๋‹ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜
08:22
the size of Earth and the Moon and the real distance,
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์‹ค์ œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
about 400,000 kilometers.
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๋Œ€๋žต 40๋งŒ km ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:28
If we then go to Mars,
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๋งŒ์ผ ํ™”์„ฑ์—์„œ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:31
the distance from Mars to Earth --
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์ง€๊ตฌ์™€ ํ™”์„ฑ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”..
08:33
and this picture here
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ
08:34
is taken by the rover on Mars, Curiosity, looking back at Earth.
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ํ™”์„ฑ ํƒ์‚ฌ๋กœ๋ด‡์ธ ํ๋ฆฌ์˜ค์‹œํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฐ์€ ํ™”์„ฑ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
08:39
You kind of see the little speckle there, that's Earth, 400 million kilometers away.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ž‘์€ ์ ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 4์–ต km๋‚˜ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:45
The problem with that distance
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๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค 1000๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋” ๋ฉ€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
is that it's a thousand times the distance of the Earth to the Moon, pretty far away,
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์ •๋ง ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:50
but there's no direct radio contact with, for example, the Curiosity rover.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ๋ฆฌ์˜ค์‹œํ‹ฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ํƒ์‚ฌ๋กœ๋ด‡๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ฌด์„  ํ†ต์‹ ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
So I cannot teleoperate it from Earth.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์›๊ฒฉ์กฐ์ข…์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ฃ .
09:00
I can't say, "Oh, Mars rover, go left,"
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"ํ™”์„ฑ ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ , ์ขŒํšŒ์ „ํ•ด." ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ช…๋ น์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋”๋ผ๋„
09:05
because that signal would take 20 minutes to get to Mars.
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๊ทธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ํ™”์„ฑ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ 20๋ถ„์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
Then the rover might go left,
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๊ทธ์ œ์„œ์•ผ ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ์ด ์ขŒํšŒ์ „ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
09:12
and then it will take another 20 minutes before it can tell me,
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"๋„ค. ์ขŒํšŒ์ „ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”!"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ต์‹ ์ด ์˜ฌ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค์‹œ 20๋ถ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
09:15
"Oh yeah, I went left."
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09:16
So the distance,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
09:18
so rovers and robots
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ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ๊ณผ ๋กœ๋ด‡๋“ค์€ ์ž์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž„๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
and going to have to work autonomously.
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09:25
The only issue with it
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๊ทธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
09:27
is that missions to Mars are highly risky.
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ํ™”์„ฑ์—์„œ์˜ ์ž„๋ฌด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
We've only seen it a few weeks ago.
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๋ถˆ๊ณผ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ์ „์—๋„ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:34
So what if half the mission doesn't arrive at Mars.
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ํ™”์„ฑ ํƒ์‚ฌ ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์€ ์‹คํŒจํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
09:38
What do we do?
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09:39
Well, instead of building just one or two rovers
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹ฌ ํƒ์‚ฌ ๋•Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํƒ์‚ฌ์„  ํ•œ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
09:42
like we did on the Moon,
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09:44
we're going to build hundreds of them.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
And it's a bit like a termite's mound, you know?
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ํฐ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์„ ์ง“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
09:50
Termites, I would take half of the colony of the termites away,
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ํฐ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ ๋–ผ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด ์—†์–ด์ง€๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ์ง€์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
they would still be able to build the mound.
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09:56
It might take a little bit longer.
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๋Œ€์‹  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ธด ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
09:58
Same here.
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
If half of our rovers or robots don't arrive,
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์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ๊ณผ ๋กœ๋ด‡๋“ค์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
10:02
well, it will take a bit longer, but you will still be able to do it.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ํ…Œ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ž„๋ฌด ์™„์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
10:06
So here we even have three different rovers.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์„ธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํƒ์‚ฌ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
In the back, you see the digger.
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๋’ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์šฉ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
It's really good at digging regolith.
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ํ‘œํ† ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง ์ž˜ ํŒŒ๋‚ด์ฃ ..
10:14
Then we have the transporter,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์†ก์šฉ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
great at taking regolith and bringing it to the structure.
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ํŒŒ๋‚ธ ํ‘œํ† ๋ฅผ ์‹ฃ๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šด๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:22
And the last ones, the little ones with the little legs,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์งง์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
๋ณ„๋กœ ์›€์ง์ผ ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์ด
10:25
they don't need to move a lot.
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10:26
What they do is they go and sit on a layer of regolith
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ํ‘œํ† ์ธต ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทน์ดˆ๋‹จํŒŒ๋กœ ๊ตณํžˆ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
and then microwave it together,
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10:31
and layer by layer create that dome structure.
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ํ•œ ์ธต์”ฉ ๋‹ค์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๋” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
Now --
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์ด์ œ..
10:39
we also want to try that out,
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
so we went out on a road trip,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž‘์—…์‹ค์„ ์ฐพ์•„์„œ
10:43
and we created our own swarm of robots.
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๋กœ๋ด‡ ๊ตฐ๋‹จ์„ ์ง์ ‘ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
There you go.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
So we built 10 of those. It's a small swarm.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ 10๊ฐœ ์ •๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
And we took six tons of sand,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  6ํ†ค ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ 
10:56
and we tried out how these little robots
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์ด ์ž‘์€ ๋กœ๋ด‡๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ฅด๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
10:59
would actually be able to move sand around,
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11:02
Earth sand in this case.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
And they were not teleoperated. Right?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์›๊ฒฉ ์กฐ์ข…์€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
Nobody was telling them go left, go right, or giving them a predescribed path.
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์ขŒํšŒ์ „, ์šฐํšŒ์ „ ๋ช…๋ นํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ , ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
No. They were given a task:
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๋Œ€์‹  ์ž„๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:14
move sand from this area to that area.
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ € ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
And if they came across an obstacle, like a rock,
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๋Œ๋ฉฉ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ฉด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์•Œ์•„์„œ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
11:21
they had to sort it out themselves.
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11:23
Or they came across another robot,
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์ž‘์—… ๋„์ค‘์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๋งŒ๋‚œ๊ฑด์ง€ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
they had to be able to make decisions.
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11:28
Or even if half of them fell out, their batteries died,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ทธ ๋กœ๋ด‡๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋ฒ ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋˜์–ด ๋‚™์˜ค๋˜์–ด๋„
11:31
they still had to be able to finish that task.
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋กœ๋ด‡๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์ž„๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์™„์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
Now, I've talked about redundancy.
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์—ฌ์œ ๋ถ„์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
11:40
But that was not only with the robots.
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๋กœ๋ด‡๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
It was also with the habitats.
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๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€์—๋„ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜์ง€์š”.
11:44
On the Mars project, we decided to do three domes,
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ํ™”์„ฑ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋”์„ ์ง“๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
11:50
because if one didn't arrive,
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”, ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉ ๋ชป ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
11:53
the other two could still form a base,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘˜๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ธฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊พธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
and that was mainly because each of the domes
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋”์— ์ƒ๋ช… ์œ ์ง€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋‚ด์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
11:57
actually have a life support system built in the floor,
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12:01
so they can work independently.
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๋”๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
So in a way, you might think, well, this is pretty crazy.
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์•„๋งˆ ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
Why would you, as an architect, get involved in space?
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์™œ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋ƒ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:14
Because it's such a technical field.
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์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ์˜์—ญ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
Well, I'm actually really convinced
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
12:21
that from a creative view or a design view,
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์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ๊ด€์  ํ˜น์€ ๋””์ž์ธ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉด
12:26
you are able to solve really hard and really constrained problems.
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์‹ค๋กœ ๋‚œํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ต์ง€์Šค๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
And I really feel that there is a place for design and architecture
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰์„ฑ์—์„œ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚œ์ œ์—๋„
12:36
in projects like interplanetary habitation.
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๋””์ž์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฑด์ถ•์˜ ๊ฐœ์ž…์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
(Applause)
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(ํ™˜ํ˜ธ)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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