George Ayittey: Cheetahs vs. Hippos for Africa's future

87,757 views ・ 2007-08-01

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jong Eun Park κ²€ν† : Jamie Lee
00:31
Well, first of all, let me thank Emeka -- as a matter of fact,
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λ„€, μš°μ„ , μ—λ©”μΉ΄μ—κ²Œ 사싀,
00:36
TED Global -- for putting this conference together.
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TED Globalμ—κ²Œ 이런 컨퍼런슀λ₯Ό μ—΄μ–΄μ€€ 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
This conference is going to rank as the most important
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이번 μ»¨νΌλŸ°μŠ€λŠ” 21μ„ΈκΈ°μ˜ μ‹œμž‘μ μ—μ„œ
00:47
in the beginning of the 21st century.
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κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ κ°•μ˜λ‘œ μ†κΌ½νžˆκ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
Think African governments will put together a conference like this?
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μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”, 아프리카 정뢀듀이 이런 컨퍼런슀λ₯Ό μ—΄μ–΄μ£Όκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
00:53
You think the A.U. will put together a conference like this?
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아프리카 연합이 이런 컨퍼런슀λ₯Ό μ—΄μ–΄μ€„κΉŒμš”?
00:57
Even before they do that they will ask for foreign aid.
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그런 일듀 보닀 ν•΄μ™Έ 원쑰λ₯Ό μš°μ„  μ–»μœΌλ €κ³  ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
I would also like to pay homage and honor to the TED Fellows
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λ˜ν•œ λ‹€λ₯Έ TED λ©€λ²„λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ‘΄κ²½κ³Ό 경의λ₯Ό ν‘œν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
June Arunga, James Shikwati, Andrew, and the other TED Fellows.
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μ€€ μ•„λ£½κ°€, μ œμž„μŠ€ μ‹œν¬μ™€ν‹°, μ•€λ“œλ₯˜, 그리고 λ‹€λ₯Έ TED μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ—κ²Œλ„μš”.
01:18
I call them the Cheetah Generation.
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μ €λŠ” 이 뢄듀을 β€˜μΉ˜νƒ€ μ„ΈλŒ€β€™λΌκ³  λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
The Cheetah Generation is a new breed of Africans
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μΉ˜νƒ€ μ„ΈλŒ€λž€ λΆ€νŒ¨μ˜ 참상을
01:25
who brook no nonsense about corruption.
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더 이상 참지 μ•ŠλŠ” μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ„ΈλŒ€λ₯Ό λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
They understand what accountability and democracy is.
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그듀은 μ±…μž„μ˜μ‹κ³Ό λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜κ°€ 무엇인지λ₯Ό 잘 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
They're not going to wait for government to do things for them.
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그듀은 μ •λΆ€κ°€ 그듀을 μœ„ν•΄ 무언가λ₯Ό ν•΄μ£ΌκΈ°λ₯Ό 기닀리지 μ•Šμ„κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
That's the Cheetah Generation,
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그것이 λ°”λ‘œ μΉ˜νƒ€ μ„ΈλŒ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
and Africa's salvation rests on the backs of these Cheetahs.
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아프리카λ₯Ό κ΅¬μ›ν•˜λŠ” 것은 이런 μΉ˜νƒ€ μ„ΈλŒ€μ˜ νž˜μ— 달렀 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
In contrast, of course, we have the Hippo Generation.
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λ°˜λ©΄μ— λ¬Όλ‘  β€˜ν•˜λ§ˆ μ„ΈλŒ€β€™λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:50
The Hippo Generation are the ruling elites.
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ν•˜λ§ˆ μ„ΈλŒ€λŠ” 지배 μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈ κ³„μΈ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
They are stuck in their intellectual patch.
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그듀은 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ‘°κ·Έλ§ˆν•œ 지적 κΈ°λ°˜μ— 달라뢙어 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
Complaining about colonialism and imperialism,
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μ‹λ―Όμ£Όμ˜μ™€ 제ꡭ주의λ₯Ό λΉ„νŒν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ—μ„œ
02:01
they wouldn't move one foot.
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ν•œ λ°œμ§λ„ 움직이렀듀지 μ•Šμ£ .
02:03
If you ask them to reform the economies,
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λ§Œμ•½ 경제λ₯Ό κ°œν˜ν•΄λ³΄λΌκ³  ν•œλ‹€λ©΄,
02:06
they're not going to reform it
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그듀은 ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
because they benefit from the rotten status quo.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 그듀은 썩어빠진 ν˜„μž¬μ˜ μƒν™©μ—μ„œ 이득을 λ³΄κ±°λ“ μš”.
02:11
Now, there are a lot of Africans who are very angry,
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μ§€κΈˆ λ§Žμ€ 아프리카인듀이 λΆ„λ…Έν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
angry at the condition of Africa.
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ 상황에 λŒ€ν•΄ λΆ„λ…Έν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
Now, we're talking about a continent that is not poor.
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μ§€κΈˆ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ²°μ½” κ°€λ‚œν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ λŒ€λ₯™μ„ λ§ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
It is rich in mineral resources, natural mineral resources.
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이 λŒ€λ₯™μ€ κ΄‘λ¬Όμžμ›, μ²œμ—° κ΄‘λ¬Ό μžμ›μ΄ λ„˜μ³λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:27
But the mineral wealth of Africa is not being utilized
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ κ΄‘λ¬Όμžμ›μ΄ ν™œμš©λ˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•΄μ„œ
02:31
to lift its people out of poverty.
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아프리카인은 κ°€λ‚œμ—μ„œ κ΅¬μ œλ˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
That's what makes a lot of Africans very angry.
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이 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 아프리카인듀은 맀우 λΆ„κ°œν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
And in a way, Africa is more than a tragedy, in more ways than one.
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그리고 μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ λ©΄μ—μ„œλ„ 맀우 λΉ„κ·Ήμ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
There's another enduring tragedy, and that tragedy is that
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜€λž˜κ°€λŠ” 비극도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
there are so many people, so many governments,
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그건 λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄, λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ μ •λΆ€κ°€,
02:51
so many organizations who want to help the people in Africa.
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λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ 단체듀이 μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ 돕고 μ‹Άμ–΄ ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
They don't understand.
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그듀은 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
Now, we're not saying don't help Africa.
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μ§€κΈˆ, 아프리카λ₯Ό 돕지 말자고 λ§ν•˜λŠ” 건 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:01
Helping Africa is noble.
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아프리카λ₯Ό λ•λŠ” 일은 κ³ κ·€ν•œ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
But helping Africa has been turned into a theater of the absurd.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 아프리카λ₯Ό λ•λŠ” 일은 λΆ€μ‘°λ¦¬μ˜ ν˜„μž₯으둜 μ „λ½ν•΄λ²„λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
It's like the blind leading the clueless.
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μž₯λ‹˜μ΄ λ‘”ν•œμ‚¬λžŒ κΈΈ κ°€λ₯΄μ³μ£ΌλŠ” 꼴이죠.
03:14
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
03:17
There are certain things that we need to recognize.
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μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ΄ λͺ‡ 가지 깨달아야 ν•  λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
Africa's begging-bowl leaks.
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ 동λƒ₯ 그릇이 μƒˆκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
Did you know that 40 percent of the wealth created in Africa
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜¨ λΆ€μ˜ 40νΌμ„ΌνŠΈκ°€
03:28
is not invested here in Africa?
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λ°”λ‘œ 아프라카 μžμ‹ μ„ μœ„ν•΄ νˆ¬μžλ˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 μ•Œκ³  κ³„μ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
03:30
It's taken out of Africa.
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ λ°”κΉ₯으둜 λΉ μ Έλ‚˜κ°€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
That's what the World Bank says.
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세계 은행(World Bank)의 μžλ£Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
Look at Africa's begging-bowl.
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ 동λƒ₯그릇을 λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
03:39
It leaks horribly.
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끔찍할 μ •λ„λ‘œ μƒˆκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
There are people who think that we should pour more money,
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μƒˆλŠ” 바가지에
03:45
more aid into this bowl which leaks.
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더 λ§Žμ€ λˆμ„, 더 λ§Žμ€ 원쑰λ₯Ό 퍼주어야 ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
What are the leakages?
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그럼 μƒˆλŠ” 곳은 μ–΄λ””μΌκΉŒμš”?
03:53
Corruption alone costs Africa 148 billion dollars a year.
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λΆ€νŒ¨ 였직 ν•˜λ‚˜λ§Œμ΄ μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—μ„œ ν•œν•΄μ— 1480μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬λΌλŠ” λΉ„μš©μ„ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
Yes, put that aside.
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그건 일단 μ œμ³λ‘κ³ μš”.
04:03
Capital flight out of Africa, 80 billion a year.
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ ν•΄μ™Έ 자금유좜만 ν•œν•΄μ— 800μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬.
04:08
Put that aside.
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μ œμ³λ‘κ³ μš”.
04:11
Let's take food imports.
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μ‹λŸ‰ μˆ˜μž…μ„ λ“€μ–΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
04:13
Every year Africa spends 20 billion dollars to import food.
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맀년, μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄λŠ” 200μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό μ‹λŸ‰ μˆ˜μž…μ— μ”λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:20
Just add that up, all these leakages.
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λ‹€ λ”ν•΄λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€, 이 λͺ¨λ“  μƒˆλŠ” κ³³λ“€μ„μš”.
04:23
That's far more than the 50 billion Tony Blair wants to raise for Africa.
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ν† λ‹ˆ λΈ”λ ˆμ–΄κ°€ 아프리카λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ λͺ¨κΈˆν•˜λ €λ˜ 500μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬λ³΄λ‹€ 훨씬 λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:28
Now, back in the 1960s Africa not only fed itself,
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자, 1960λ…„λŒ€λ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€λ©΄ μ΄λ•Œ μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄λŠ” μ‹λŸ‰μ„ μžκΈ‰μžμ‘±ν–ˆμ„ 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
04:31
it also exported food.
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μˆ˜μΆœλ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
Not anymore.
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μ΄μ œλŠ” 더 이상 μ•„λ‹ˆμ§€μš”.
04:36
We know that something has gone fundamentally wrong.
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무언가가 근본적으둜 잘λͺ»λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λŠλΌμ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:40
You know it, I know it, but let's not waste our time
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ„ μ•Œκ³ , 저도 μ•Œμ§€λ§Œ, μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ‚­λΉ„ν•˜μ§€ λ§™μ‹œλ‹€. 우리의 μ‹œκ°„μ„μš”.
04:43
talking about these mistakes because we'll spend all day here.
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이런 것듀을 λ‹€ μ–˜κΈ°ν•˜λ €λ©΄ ν•˜λ£¨ 쒅일 κ±Έλ¦΄κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:48
Let's move on, and flip over to the next chapter,
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λ„˜μ–΄κ°‘μ‹œλ‹€, λ‹€μŒ λ‹¨κ³„λ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄κ°‘μ‹œλ‹€.
04:54
and that's what this conference is all about -- the next chapter.
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그리고 이 ν† λ‘ νšŒλ„ 이 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ—΄λ¦° κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ°”λ‘œ λ‹€μŒ 단계λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œμš”.
04:58
The next chapter begins with first of all, asking ourselves
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λ‹€μŒ λ‹¨κ³„λŠ” λ¨Όμ € 우리 μžμ‹ μ—κ²Œ
05:03
this fundamental question,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 기본적인 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ¬»λŠ” κ²ƒμ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€,
05:05
"Whom do we want to help in Africa?"
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β€œμ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ λˆ„κ΅¬λ₯Ό 도와야 ν•˜λŠ”κ°€?”
05:10
There is the people, and then there is the government or leaders.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 있고, 그리고 κ·Έλ‹€μŒμ—λŠ” μ •λΆ€λ‚˜ μ§€λ„μžλ“€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:16
Now, the previous speaker before me,
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자, 전에 λ§ν–ˆλ˜ λΆ„, μ € μ΄μ „μ˜ 연사인
05:23
Idris Mohammed, indicated that
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μ΄λ“œλ¦¬μŠ€ λͺ¨ν•˜λ©”λ“œ 씨가 λ§ν•˜μ‹œκΈΈ
05:28
we've had abysmal leadership in Africa.
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—λŠ” μ΅œμ•…μ˜ λ¦¬λ”μ‹­λ§Œμ΄ μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜μ…¨λ”κ΅°μš”.
05:33
That characterization, in my view, is even more charitable.
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μ œκ°€ λ³΄κΈ°μ—λŠ” κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ λ¬˜μ‚¬μ‘°μ°¨λ„ λ„ˆλ¬΄ μžλΉ„λ‘­μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‚˜ ν•˜κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:38
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
05:42
I belong to an Internet discussion forum,
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μ œκ°€ μ–΄λŠ 인터넷 ν† λ‘ νšŒ,
05:45
an African Internet discussion forum,
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아프리카 인터넷 ν† λ‘ νšŒμ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•œ 적이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:49
and I asked them, I said, "Since 1960, we've had exactly
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그리고 κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ¬Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. β€œ1960λ…„ 이후 μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—μ„œ λ‚˜λΌλ³„λ‘œ
05:55
204 African heads of state, since 1960."
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μ •ν™•νžˆ 204λͺ…μ˜ 정상듀이 λ°°μΆœλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€, 1960λ…„ μ΄ν›„λ‘œμš”.”
05:59
And I asked them to name me just 20 good leaders,
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그리고 κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ 쒋은 μ§€λ„μž 20λͺ…λ§Œ λŒ€λ³΄λΌκ³  ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:03
just 20 good leaders --
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λ”± 20λͺ…λ§Œμš”.
06:06
you may want to take this leadership challenge yourself.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€λ„ 각자 ν•œλ²ˆ 이 리더십 μ‹œν—˜μ„ 슀슀둜 ν•΄λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
06:11
I asked them to name me just 20.
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μ „ κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ 정말 단지 20λͺ…λ§Œ 꼽으라고 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:14
Everybody mentioned Nelson Mandela, of course.
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λͺ¨λ‘λ“€ λ¬Όλ‘  λ„¬μŠ¨ 만델라λ₯Ό κΌ½μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:17
Kwame Nkrumah, Nyerere, Kenyatta -- somebody mentioned Idi Amin.
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크와미 크루마(Kwame Nkrumah), λ…œλ ˆλ ˆ(Nyerere), 켄야타(Kenyatta). μ–΄λ–€μ΄λŠ” 이디 μ•„λ―Ό(Idi Amin)을 κΌ½μ•˜λ”κ΅°μš”. (Idi Amin-μš°κ°„λ‹€μ˜ λ…μž¬μž)
06:24
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
06:27
I let that pass.
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그건 λ„˜μ–΄ 가도둝 ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
06:29
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
06:32
My point is, they couldn't go beyond 15.
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제 μš”μ μ€, 그듀이 15λͺ… 이상을 λ„˜μ–΄κ°€μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:38
Even if they had been able to name me 20,
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그듀이 단지 20λͺ…λ§Œμ΄λΌλ„ 댈 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€κ³  해도,
06:41
what does that tell you?
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그건 무슨 μ˜λ―ΈμΌκΉŒμš”?
06:43
20 out of 204 means that the vast majority
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204λͺ…쀑 20λͺ…μ΄λΌλŠ” 말은 λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜, 아프리카 μ •μƒλ“€μ˜ λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜κ°€
06:50
of the African leaders failed their people.
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ꡭ민의 지지λ₯Ό 받지 λͺ»ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:55
And if you look at them, the slate of the post-colonial leaders --
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그리고 그듀을 ν•œλ²ˆ 보면, 식민지 독립이후 μ§€λ„μžμ˜ 이λ ₯이
07:01
an assortment of military fufu heads,
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κ΅°λŒ€μ˜ μˆ˜λ‡ŒλΆ€λ“€,
07:05
Swiss-bank socialists, crocodile liberators, vampire elites,
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μŠ€μœ„μŠ€ 은행 μ‚¬νšŒμ£Όμ˜μžλ“€, 거짓 ν•΄λ°©μžλ“€, ν‘ν˜ˆκ·€ μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈλ“€,
07:10
quack revolutionaries.
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λŒνŒ”μ΄ 혁λͺ…κ°€λ“€...
07:11
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
07:15
Now, this leadership is a far cry from the traditional leaders
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μ§€κΈˆ, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 리더쉽은 μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ 전톡적인 μ§€λ„μžλ“€μ΄
07:19
that Africans have known for centuries.
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μˆ˜μ„ΈκΈ°λ™μ•ˆ μ•Œκ³  있던 것과 ν™•μ—°νžˆ λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:22
The second false premise that we make
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아프리카λ₯Ό λ„μš°λ € ν•  λ•Œ λ‚΄λ¦¬λŠ”
07:25
when we're trying to help Africa
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잘λͺ»λœ 두 번째 μ „μ œλŠ”,
07:26
is that sometimes we think that there is something called
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λ°”λ‘œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 아프리카에도 μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ―ΏλŠ”
07:32
a government in Africa that cares about its people,
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정뢀라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 것이 μžκ΅­λ―Όμ„ κ±±μ •ν•˜κ³ 
07:38
serves the interests of the people, and represents the people.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 이읡을 μœ„ν•΄ μΌν•˜κ³ , 그듀을 λŒ€ν‘œν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:44
There is one particular quote -- a Lesotho chief once said
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이런 말을 λˆ„κ°€ ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”. 레쑰또(Lesotho)λΆ€μ‘±μž₯이 λ§ν•˜κΈΈ
07:49
that "Here in Lesotho, we've got two problems:
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β€œμ—¬κΈ° λ ˆμ‘°λ˜μ—λŠ” 두 가지 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆλ‹€.
07:51
rats and the government."
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μ₯μ™€ μ •λΆ€λ‹€.”
07:54
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
07:58
What you and I understand as a government
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저와 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” 그런 μ •λΆ€λŠ”
08:01
doesn't exist in many African countries.
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λ§Žμ€ μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ ꡭ가에 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:04
In fact, what we call our governments are vampire states.
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사싀, 우리의 정뢀라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 것듀이 죄닀 ν‘ν˜ˆκ·€ μ •λΆ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:09
Vampires because they suck
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ν‘ν˜ˆκ·€μš”. μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 그듀은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜
08:12
the economic vitality out of their people.
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경제적 생λͺ…λ ₯을 λ‹€ λΉ¨μ•„ λ¨ΉκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:15
Government is the problem in Africa.
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μ •λΆ€λŠ” μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ κ³¨μΉ«κ±°λ¦¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:19
A vampire state is the government --
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ν‘ν˜ˆκ·€ μ •λΆ€λž€
08:22
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
08:23
-- which has been hijacked by a phalanx of bandits and crooks
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μ •λΆ€μ˜ ꢌλ ₯을 도ꡬ삼아 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λΉΌκ³ 
08:27
who use the instruments of state power to enrich themselves,
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μžμ‹ λ“€κ³Ό μΉœκ΅¬λ“€, 자기 λΆ€μ‘± μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ λ°°λ₯Ό λΆ€ν’€λ¦¬λŠ”
08:30
their cronies, and tribesmen and exclude everybody else.
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강도와 μ‚¬κΈ°κΎΌμ˜ 떼거리듀이 λ“€μ–΄μ°¬ μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:35
The richest people in Africa are heads-of-state and ministers,
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ 졜고 λΆ€μžλ“€μ€ κ΅­κ°€ μ›μˆ˜λ‚˜ μˆ˜μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:39
and quite often the chief bandit is the head-of-state himself.
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그리고 자주 도적 두λͺ©μ΄ 슀슀둜 κ΅­κ°€ μ›μˆ˜κ°€ λ˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:45
Where do they get their money?
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그듀은 μ–΄λ””μ„œ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λˆμ„ λ²ŒκΉŒμš”?
08:47
By creating wealth?
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λΆ€λ₯Ό μ°½μΆœν•΄μ„œμš”?
08:49
No.
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아뇨.
08:50
By raking it off the backs of their suffering people.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 고톡 λ°›λŠ” κ΅­λ―Όλ“€μ˜ 등짝을 긁어λͺ¨μ•„ 얻은 λˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:54
That's not wealth creation. It's wealth redistribution.
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그건 λΆ€μ˜ 창좜의 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€. 단지 λΆ€μ˜ μž¬λΆ„λ°°μΌ λΏμ΄μ§€μš”.
09:00
The third fundamental issue that we have to recognize
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μ„Έ 번째둜 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œμ•„μ•Όν•  근본적인 λ¬Έμ œλŠ”
09:05
is that if we want to help the African people,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 아프리카 μ‚¬λžŒμ„ λ„μš°λ € ν•œλ‹€λ©΄,
09:10
we must know where the African people are.
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λ¨Όμ € 그듀이 어디에 μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:13
Take any African economy.
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아무 μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ 경제λ₯Ό 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
09:16
An African economy can be broken up into three sectors.
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ κ²½μ œλŠ” μ„Έ 가지 λΆ„μ•Όλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆŒ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:19
There is the modern sector, there is the informal sector
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ν˜„λŒ€μ‚°μ—… λΆ€λ¬Έ, 일상 λΆ€λ¬Έ
09:25
and the traditional sector.
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그리고 전톡 λΆ€λ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:29
The modern sector is the abode of the elites.
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ν˜„λŒ€μ‚°μ—… λΆ€λ¬ΈλŠ” μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈλ“€μ˜ κ±°μ£Όμ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:32
It's the seat of government.
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μ •λΆ€μ˜ μžλ¦¬μ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:35
In many African countries the modern sector is lost.
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λ§Žμ€ μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ κ΅­κ°€λ“€μ—μ„œ ν˜„λŒ€ μ‚°μ—… λΆ„μ•ΌλŠ” μ‚¬λΌμ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:39
It's dysfunctional.
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κΈ°λŠ₯에 μž₯μ• κ°€ μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:41
It is a meretricious fandango of imported systems,
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이건 μˆ˜μž…λœ 문물듀이 λ‚œμž‘ν•˜κ²Œ λ„λΈŒλŸ¬μ§„ νŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:45
which the elites themselves don't understand.
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μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈ μžμ‹ λ“€μ‘°μ°¨ 뭔지 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜μ£ .
09:49
That is the source of many of Africa's problems
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이것이 λ°”λ‘œ μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 문제의 μ§„μ›μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:53
where the struggles for political power emanate
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ꢌλ ₯μžλ“€κ³Ό κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λ‹€νˆΌμ΄
09:57
and then spill over onto the informal and the traditional sector,
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일상과 전톡 λΆ„μ•Όμ—κΉŒμ§€ ν™•μ‚°λ˜μ–΄
10:02
claiming innocent lives.
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μ£„μ—†λŠ” λͺ©μˆ¨μ„ ν¬μƒμ‹œν‚€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:06
Now the modern sector, of course,
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λ¬Όλ‘  ν˜„λŒ€ μ‚°μ—… λΆ„μ•ΌλŠ”
10:08
is where a lot of the development aid and resources went into.
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λ§Žμ€ λ°œμ „ 지원과 μžμ›μ΄ λ“€μ–΄μ˜€λŠ” 곳이기도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:14
More than 80 percent of Ivory Coast's development
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80νΌμ„ΌνŠΈκ°€ λ„˜λŠ” 아이보리 μ½”μŠ€νŠΈμ˜ 개발이
10:17
went into the modern sector.
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ν˜„λŒ€ μ‚°μ—… 뢄야에 μ“°μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:19
The other sectors, the informal and the traditional sectors,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λΆ„μ•Όλ“€, 일상 λΆ€λ¬Έκ³Ό 전톡 λΆ„μ•ΌλŠ”
10:25
are where you find the majority of the African people,
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아프리카 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜κ°€ μžˆλŠ” κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:29
the real people in Africa. That's where you find them.
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ μ§„μ •ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄μš”. μ—¬κΈ°κ°€ λ°”λ‘œ 그듀을 찾을 수 μžˆλŠ” κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:32
Now, obviously it makes common sense
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자 이제, 이건 상식적인 λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:34
that if you want to help the people, you go where the people are.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ 돕고 μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄, μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 곳에 κ°€μ•Όμ£ .
10:37
But that's not what we did.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그건 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•œ 일이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:39
As a matter of fact,
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사싀 μ•Œκ³  보면,
10:41
we neglected the informal and the traditional sectors.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 일상 λΆ€λ¬Έκ³Ό 전톡 λΆ„μ•Όλ₯Ό λ¬΄μ‹œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:48
Now, traditional sector is where Africa produces its agriculture,
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전톡 λΆ„μ•ΌλŠ” 아프리카가 농업 생산을 ν•˜λŠ” 곳이고,
10:52
which is one of the reasons why Africa can't feed itself,
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이것이 아프리카가 μžκΈ‰μžμ‘±ν•  수 μ—†λŠ” μ΄μœ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:55
and that's why it must import food.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄λŠ” μ‹λŸ‰μ„ μˆ˜μž…ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜κ΅¬μš”.
10:59
All right, you cannot develop Africa by ignoring
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λ„€, 일상 λΆ€λ¬Έκ³Ό 전톡 λΆ„μ•Όλ₯Ό λ¬΄μ‹œν•œλ‹€λ©΄
11:03
the informal and the traditional sectors.
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아프리카λ₯Ό λ°œμ „μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:07
And you can't develop the informal and the traditional sectors
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그리고 일상 λΆ€λ¬Έκ³Ό 전톡 λΆ„μ•Ό 이 두 λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μž‘λ™μ— λŒ€ν•œ
11:13
without an operational understanding of how these two sectors work.
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이해가 μ—†λ‹€λ©΄ 이 두 λΆ„μ•Όλ₯Ό λ°œμ „μ‹œν‚¬ μˆ˜λ„ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:19
These two sectors, let me describe to you,
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이 두 뢀문에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ„€λͺ…ν•΄λ“œλ¦¬μžλ©΄,
11:21
have their own indigenous institutions.
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κ·Έλ“€ 고유의 전톡적인 μ œλ„λ“€μ„ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:24
First one is the political system.
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첫 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” μ •μΉ˜ μ œλ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:28
Traditionally, Africans hate governments. They hate tyranny.
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μ „ν†΅μ μœΌλ‘œ, 아프리카 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό μ‹«μ–΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ…μž¬λ₯Ό μ‹«μ–΄ν•˜λŠ”κ±°μ£ .
11:32
If you look into their traditional systems,
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μΈλ“€μ˜ 전톡적인 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ 보면,
11:35
Africans organize their states in two types.
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그듀은 두 가지 λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ κ΅­κ°€ ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό μ‘°μ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:39
The first one belongs to those ethnic societies
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λ¨Όμ € μ–΄λŠ λ―Όμ‘± μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œλŠ”
11:44
who believe that the state was necessarily tyrannous,
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κ΅­κ°€λŠ” ν•„μ—°μ μœΌλ‘œ λ…μž¬μ˜ κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:48
so they didn't want to have anything to do
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 그듀은 μ–΄λ– ν•œ μ€‘μ•™μ§‘κΆŒμ μΈ ν˜•νƒœλ„
11:51
with any centralized authority.
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μ·¨ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:56
These societies are the Ibo, the Somali, the Kikuyus,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒλ“€μ€ 이보, μ†Œλ§λ¦¬, ν‚€νμœ μŠ€λ₯Ό 예λ₯Ό λ“€μˆ˜ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:59
for example. They have no chiefs.
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그듀은 μ‘±μž₯이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:02
The other ethnic groups, which did have chiefs,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 민쑱듀은 μ‘±μž₯이 μžˆκΈ°λŠ” ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:06
made sure that they surrounded the chiefs
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‘±μž₯ μ£Όμœ„λ‘œ μ˜νšŒμ™€ λ‹€λ₯Έ 의회,
12:10
with councils upon councils upon councils
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 의회λ₯Ό λ‘μ–΄μ„œ
12:13
to prevent them from abusing their power.
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ꢌλ ₯을 λ‚¨μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ§‰μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:18
In Ashanti tradition, for example,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μ•„μƒ¨ν‹°μ˜ μ „ν†΅μ—μ„œ
12:21
the chief cannot make any decision
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μ‘±μž₯은 μ›λ‘œ 의회의 λ™μ˜ μ—†μ΄λŠ”
12:23
without the concurrence of the council of elders.
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μ–΄λ– ν•œ 결정도 내릴 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:26
Without the council the chief can't pass any law,
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의회 μ—†μ΄λŠ” μ‘±μž₯은 μ–΄λ– ν•œ 법도 λ§Œλ“€ 수 μ—†μœΌλ©°
12:29
and if the chief doesn't govern according to the will of the people
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λ§Œμ•½ κ·Έκ°€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ λœ»μ— 따라 ν†΅μΉ˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” λ‹€λ©΄
12:32
he will be removed.
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κ·ΈλŠ” λ¬ΌλŸ¬λ‚˜μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:34
If not, the people will abandon the chief,
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λ§Œμ•½ κ·ΈλŸ¬μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ‘±μž₯을 버리고
12:38
go somewhere else and set up a new settlement.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 곳으둜 μ΄μ£Όν•˜μ—¬ μ •μ°©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:40
And even if you look in ancient African empires,
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그리고 κ³ λŒ€ 아프리카 μ œκ΅­λ“€μ„ 보더라도,
12:44
they were all organized around one particular principle --
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그듀은 λͺ¨λ‘ ν•œκ°€μ§€ 원칙에 μ˜ν•΄ μ‘°μ§λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:49
the confederacy principle,
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λ°”λ‘œ μ—°ν•©μ˜ μ›μΉ™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:51
which is characterized by a great deal of devolution of authority,
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쀑앙 ꢌλ ₯의 μ§€λ°©μœΌλ‘œμ˜ λΆ„μ‚°
12:55
decentralization of power.
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즉, νƒˆμ€‘μ•™μ§‘κΆŒν™”λ₯Ό νŠΉμ§•μœΌλ‘œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:58
Now, this is what I have described to you.
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자 이것이 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ„€λͺ…ν•΄ λ“œλ¦° κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ,
13:00
This is part of Africa's indigenous political heritage.
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아프리카 μ •μΉ˜μ˜ 전톡적 μœ μ‚°μ˜ μΌλΆ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:04
Now, compare that to the modern systems
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이제 이것을 μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ 지배 μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈλ“€μ΄ λ§Œλ“ 
13:06
the ruling elites established on Africa.
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ν˜„λŒ€ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œλ“€κ³Ό 비ꡐ해 λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
13:10
It is a total far cry.
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이건 μ™„μ „νžˆ λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:13
In the economic system in traditional Africa,
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ 전톡적인 경제 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ—μ„œλŠ”
13:18
the means of production is privately owned.
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개인이 μƒμ‚°μˆ˜λ‹¨μ„ μ†Œμœ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:21
It's owned by extended families.
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λŒ€κ°€μ‘±μ΄ μ†Œμœ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
13:24
You see, in the West, the basic economic and social unit
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μ•„μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό μ„œκ΅¬μ—μ„œμ˜ 기본적인 경제적 μ‚¬νšŒμ  λ‹¨μœ„λŠ”
13:27
is the individual.
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κ°œμΈμ— ν•œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:29
The American will say, "I am because I am,
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미ꡭ인듀은 β€œλ‚΄κ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λ‚΄κ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€.
13:32
and I can damn well do anything I want, anytime."
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그리고 μ–΄λŠ λ•Œλ‚˜ λ‚΄κ°€ μ›ν•˜λŠ” 것을 잘 ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.”라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:34
The accent is on the "I."
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β€œλ‚˜β€μ— 초점이 λ§žμΆ”μ–΄μ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:37
In Africa, the Africans say, "I am, because we are."
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아프리카인듀은 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. β€œμš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λ‚΄κ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€.”
13:41
The "we" connotes community -- the extended family system.
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β€œμš°λ¦¬β€λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒλ₯Ό λœ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λŒ€κ°€μ‘± μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ λ§ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:45
The extended family system pools its resources together.
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λŒ€κ°€μ‘± μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ€ μžμ›λ“€μ„ ν•œλ° λͺ¨μλ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:48
They own farms. They decide what to do, what to produce.
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그듀은 농μž₯을 μ†Œμœ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그듀이 무엇을 할지, 생산할지 κ²°μ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:52
They don't take any orders from their chiefs.
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그듀이 무엇을 할지, 생산할지 κ²°μ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:55
They decide what to do.
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그듀이 무얼할지 μ •ν•˜μ£ .
13:57
And when they produce their crops, they sell the surplus
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그리고 그듀이 곑물을 μƒμ‚°ν•˜λ©΄,
14:01
on marketplaces.
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그듀이 μ‹œμž₯μ—μ„œ μž‰μ—¬ 생산물을 κ°€μ Έλ‹€ νŒλ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:03
When they make a profit it is theirs to keep,
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그듀이 μ΄μœ€μ„ 남기면, κ·Έλ“€μ˜ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ†Œμœ ν•˜μ§€,
14:05
not for the chief to sequester it from them.
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그것을 μ‘±μž₯이 κ°€μ§€κ±°λ‚˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:08
So, in a nutshell, what we had in traditional Africa
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, κ°„λ‹¨νžˆ 말해, 전톡 μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—μ„œλŠ”
14:12
was a free-market system.
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μžμœ μ‹œμž₯경제 μ²΄μ œκ°€ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:14
There were markets in Africa
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μ‹λ―Όμ£Όμ˜μžλ“€μ΄ 이 λŒ€λ₯™μ— λ°œμ„ 디디기도 전에
14:16
before the colonialists stepped foot on the continent.
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—λŠ” μ‹œμž₯이 μ‘΄μž¬ν–ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:18
Timbuktu was one great big market town.
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νŒ€λΆνˆ¬λŠ” κ·Έ 쀑 맀우 큰 μ‹œμž₯이 있던 λ§ˆμ„μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
14:20
Kano, Salaga -- they were all there.
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μΉ΄λ…Έ, 살라가에도 μ‹œμž₯이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:22
Even if you go to West Africa, you notice that market activity
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아프리카 μ„œλΆ€μ— κ°€λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œλŠ” μ‹œμž₯μ—μ„œμ˜ 거래 ν–‰μœ„κ°€
14:26
in West Africa has always been dominated by women.
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항상 여성듀에 μ˜ν•΄ ν–‰ν•΄μ‘ŒμŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:29
So, it's quite appropriate that this section is called
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λΆ„μ•Όκ°€ μ‹œμž₯이라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 것이
14:32
a marketplace.
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λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:33
The market is not alien to Africa.
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μ‹œμž₯은 아프리카에 λ‚―μ„  것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:36
What Africans practiced was a different form of capitalism,
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아프리카인듀은 λ‹€λ₯Έ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ 자본주의λ₯Ό μ‹€ν–‰ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:40
but then after independence, all of a sudden,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 독립 이후 κ°‘μžκΈ°
14:43
markets, capitalism became a western institution,
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μ‹œμž₯κ³Ό μžλ³Έμ£Όμ˜λŠ” μ„œκ΅¬μ˜ 문물이 λ˜μ–΄λ²„λ¦¬κ³ 
14:47
and the leaders said Africans were ready for socialism.
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μ§€λ„μžλ“€μ€ 아프리카인듀이 μ‚¬νšŒμ£Όμ˜λ‘œ λ‚˜κ°ˆ μ€€λΉ„κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:52
Nonsense.
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말도 μ•ˆ 되죠.
14:54
And even then, what kind of socialism did they practice?
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그러면 κ·Έλ•Œ, 그듀은 μ–΄λ–€ μ‚¬νšŒμ£Όμ˜λ₯Ό μ‹€ν–‰ν–ˆλ‚˜μš”?
14:57
The socialism that they practiced was a peculiar form of
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그듀이 ν–‰ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ£Όμ˜λŠ” μŠ€μœ„μŠ€ 은행 μ‚¬νšŒμ£Όμ˜λΌλŠ”
15:00
Swiss-bank socialism,
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νŠΉμ΄ν•œ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:02
which allowed the heads of states and the ministers
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κ΅­κ°€ μ›μˆ˜μ™€ μˆ˜μƒλ“€μ΄
15:05
to rape and plunder Africa's
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아프리카λ₯Ό μ§“λ°Ÿκ³  κ°•νƒˆν•˜μ—¬ 얻은 λΆ€λ₯Ό
15:08
treasuries for deposit in Switzerland.
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μŠ€μœ„μŠ€μ˜ 은행에 λ„£μ–΄λ‘λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒμ£Όμ˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:10
That is not the kind of system Africans had known for centuries.
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그건 아프리카인듀이 μˆ˜μ„ΈκΈ°λ™μ•ˆ μ•Œκ³  있던 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μ²΄μ œκ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:14
What do we do now?
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이제 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 무얼 ν•΄μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
15:15
Go back to Africa's indigenous institutions,
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ 전톡적인 μ œλ„λ“€λ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:18
and this is where we charge the Cheetahs to go into the informal sectors,
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그리고 μ—¬κΈ°κ°€ μΉ˜νƒ€ μ„ΈλŒ€λ‘œ ν•˜μ—¬κΈˆ 일상 λΆ€λ¬ΈμœΌλ‘œ 가라고 ν•˜λŠ” λ°”λ‘œ κ·Έκ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:23
the traditional sectors.
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전톡 λΆ„μ•Ό μ΄κ³³μ΄μ•Όλ§λ‘œ
15:24
That's where you find the African people.
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아프리카 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ 찾을 수 μžˆλŠ” κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:26
And I'd like to show you a quick little video
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그리고, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ—κ²Œ 일상 λΆ€λ¬Έμ˜ κ°„λž΅ν•œ λ™μ˜μƒμ„ ν•˜λ‚˜ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:29
about the informal sector, about the boat-building
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λ°°λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ³³μΈλ°μš”,
15:32
that I, myself, tried to mobilize Africans in the Diaspora
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아프리카인듀을 λͺ¨μ•„μ„œ λ””μ•„μŠ€ν¬λΌμ— νˆ¬μžν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€λ €κ³ 
15:37
to invest in.
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μ œκ°€ λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:38
Could you please show that?
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λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ‹œκ² μ–΄μš”?
16:08
The men are going fishing in these small boats.
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μ—¬κΈ° μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 이 μž‘μ€ λ°°λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄ κ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό μž‘μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:11
Yes, it's an enterprise.
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λ„€, 이게 사업이죠.
16:13
This is by a local Ghanaian entrepreneur, using his own capital.
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이건 지역 κ°€λ‚˜μΈ 사업가가 그의 μžλ³Έμ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ ν–‰ν•΄μ§€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:18
He's getting no assistance from the government,
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ •λΆ€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ–΄λ– ν•œ 도움을 받지 μ•Šκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:20
and he's building a second, bigger boat.
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그리고 μ§€κΈˆ 두 번째둜 λŒ€ν˜• 어선을 λ§Œλ“€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:23
A bigger boat will mean more fish will be caught and landed.
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λŒ€ν˜• μ–΄μ„ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” 더 λ§Žμ€ κ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό μž‘μ„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:28
It means that he will be able to employ more Ghanaians.
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이 말은 더 λ§Žμ€ κ°€λ‚˜μΈλ“€μ„ κ³ μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
16:31
It also means that he will be able to generate wealth.
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λ˜ν•œ μ΄λŠ” κ·Έκ°€ λΆ€λ₯Ό μ°½μΆœν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:35
And then it will have what economists call
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그리고 μ΄λŠ” 곧 κ²½μ œν•™μžλ“€μ΄ μ†Œμœ„ λ§ν•˜λŠ”
16:39
external effects on a local economy.
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μ™ΈλΆ€νš¨κ³Όλ₯Ό 지역 κ²½μ œμ— 미치게 ν•˜μ£ .
16:42
All that you need to do, all that the elites need to do,
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당신이 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 일은, μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈλ“€μ΄ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 일은
16:45
is to move this operation into something that is enclosed
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이 일을 μ–΄λ– ν•œ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ „ν™˜μ‹œμΌœμ„œ
16:48
so that the operation can be made more efficient.
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이 일이 μ’€ 더 효율적으둜 λŒμ•„κ°€κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:51
Now, it is not just this informal sector.
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자, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 일상 λΆ€λ¬Έλ§Œ μžˆλŠ”κ²Œ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:54
There is also traditional medicine.
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전톡 μ˜λ£Œμ‹œμž₯도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:58
80 percent of Africans still rely on traditional medicine.
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80νΌμ„ΌνŠΈμ— ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” 아프리카인듀이 μ—¬μ „νžˆ 전톡 μ˜ν•™μ— μ˜μ‘΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:01
The modern healthcare sector has totally collapsed.
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ν˜„λŒ€μ˜ 의료 λΆ„μ•ΌλŠ” μ™„μ „νžˆ λΆ•κ΄΄λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:05
Now, this is an area -- I mean, there is a treasure trove of wealth
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자, 이 λΆ€λ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ”, 제 말은,
17:12
in the traditional medicine area.
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이 뢀문이 보물 단지 같은 λΆ€λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:14
This is where we need to mobilize Africans,
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μ—¬κΈ°κ°€ λ°”λ‘œ 아프리카인듀을 동원해야 ν•  κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:17
in the Diaspora especially, to invest in this.
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특히 λ””μ•„μŠ€ν¬λΌμ™€ 같은 κ³³μ—μ„œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 뢀문듀에 νˆ¬μžν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμ΄μ§€μš”.
17:20
We also need to mobilize Africans in the Diaspora,
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λ˜ν•œ λ””μ•„μŠ€ν¬λΌμ— 아프리카인듀을 λ™μ›ν•΄μ•Όν•˜λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ”
17:23
not only to go into the traditional sectors,
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전톡 λΆ€λ¬ΈμœΌλ‘œ κ°€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλ§Œμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
17:26
but to go into agriculture and also to instigate change from within.
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농경 λΆ€λ¬ΈμœΌλ‘œλ„ κ°€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ λ˜ν•œ λ‚΄λΆ€λ‘œλΆ€ν„°μ˜ λ°œμ „μ„ μ΄‰λ°œμ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:32
We were able to mobilize Ghanaians in the Diaspora
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ°€λ‚˜μΈλ“€μ„ λ””μ•„μŠ€ν¬λΌμ— λ™μ›ν•˜μ—¬
17:36
to instigate change in Ghana and bring about democracy in Ghana.
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λ°œμ „κ³Ό 민주주의λ₯Ό μ΄λŒμ–΄λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:41
And I know that with the Cheetahs, we can take Africa back
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그리고 μΉ˜νƒ€ μ„ΈλŒ€μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜λΌλ©΄, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ λ§ˆμ„μ„
17:46
one village at a time.
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ν•œ λ²ˆμ— ν•˜λ‚˜μ”© λ˜μ‚΄λ¦΄ 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:48
Thank you very much.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:49
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
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