Jonathan Trent: Energy from floating algae pods

204,700 views ใƒป 2012-09-28

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Youna Jung ๊ฒ€ํ† : K Bang
00:15
Some years ago, I set out to try to understand
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๋ช‡๋…„ ์ „, ์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
if there was a possibility to develop biofuels
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๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์—,
00:21
on a scale that would actually compete with fossil fuels
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๋†์—…์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋น„๋ฃŒ์™€ ํ† ์ง€์—
00:25
but not compete with agriculture for water,
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์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ
00:29
fertilizer or land.
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๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
So here's what I came up with.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋˜ ์ค‘ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
Imagine that we build an enclosure where we put it
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๋ฌผ๊ฒฐ์— ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋œ
00:35
just underwater, and we fill it with wastewater
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์‹ ์ถ•์„ฑ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐ€ํ์šฉ๊ธฐ์— ํ์ˆ˜์™€ ์„์œ ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š”
00:37
and some form of microalgae that produces oil,
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๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ๋ฅ˜(๋ฌผ์†์—์„œ ๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์„ธํฌ ์ƒ๋ฌผ)๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์›Œ
00:40
and we make it out of some kind of flexible material
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์–•์€ ๋ฌผ์†์— ๋„์›Œ๋†“๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜์ž๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
00:42
that moves with waves underwater,
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋Š”
00:44
and the system that we're going to build, of course,
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ํƒœ์–‘์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์ž๋ผ๋ฉฐ
00:46
will use solar energy to grow the algae,
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๊ณ ๋ง™๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
00:49
and they use CO2, which is good,
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์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
and they produce oxygen as they grow.
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์ด ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์ด ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์—ด๊ธฐ๋Š”
00:53
The algae that grow are in a container that
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์šฉ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ–์˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋ฌผ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์‚ฐ๋˜๋ฉฐ,
00:57
distributes the heat to the surrounding water,
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์ด ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์„ ์ฑ„์ทจ, ๊ฐ€๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ
01:00
and you can harvest them and make biofuels
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๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ™”์žฅํ’ˆ๊ณผ
01:02
and cosmetics and fertilizer and animal feed,
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๋น„๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ฐ€์ถ•์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
and of course you'd have to make a large area of this,
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ทธ ์ •๋„์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘๋ ค๋ฉด ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์–‘์‹์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
01:07
so you'd have to worry about other stakeholders
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๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ทผ์•ˆ์„ ์šดํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ถ€๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
01:10
like fishermen and ships and such things, but hey,
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์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ๋นš์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์ผ์‘ค๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
01:14
we're talking about biofuels,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด,
01:16
and we know the importance of potentially getting
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ
01:19
an alternative liquid fuel.
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์•ก์ฒด ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
Why are we talking about microalgae?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์™œ ํ•˜ํ•„ '๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ๋ฅ˜'๋ƒ๊ตฌ์š”?
01:24
Here you see a graph showing you the different types
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ์“ฐ์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”
01:27
of crops that are being considered for making biofuels,
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฑด๋ฐ์š”,
01:31
so you can see some things like soybean,
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์—์ด์ปค(acre)๋‹น ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ 50๊ฐค๋Ÿฐ(gallon)์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ
01:34
which makes 50 gallons per acre per year,
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์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‘๋ผ๋“ ์ง€,
01:36
or sunflower or canola or jatropha or palm, and that
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ํ•ด๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์บ๋†€๋ผ๋‚˜ ์žํŠธ๋กœํŒŒ๋‚˜ ์•ผ์ž๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
01:41
tall graph there shows what microalgae can contribute.
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์ €๊ธฐ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ธด ๋ง‰๋Œ€๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
That is to say, microalgae contributes between 2,000
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์ฆ‰, ๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์€ ์—์ด์ปค ๋‹น
01:48
and 5,000 gallons per acre per year,
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์—ฐ๊ฐ„ 2,000~5,000 ๊ฐค๋Ÿฐ์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
compared to the 50 gallons per acre per year from soy.
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์—์ด์ปค๋‹น ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ 50๊ฐค๋Ÿฐ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‘์™€๋Š” ๋น„๊ต๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ฃ .
01:54
So what are microalgae? Microalgae are micro --
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋ž€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘์€ --
01:58
that is, they're extremely small, as you can see here
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์€, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฝ๊ณผ
02:00
a picture of those single-celled organisms
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๋‹จ์„ธํฌ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ธ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด,
02:03
compared to a human hair.
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๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
Those small organisms have been around
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋…„ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์™”๋˜ ์ด ์ž‘์€ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋“ค์€
02:08
for millions of years and there's thousands
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€
02:10
of different species of microalgae in the world,
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ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋””.
02:13
some of which are the fastest-growing plants on the planet,
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๊ทธ ์ค‘์—๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ์ข…๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
02:16
and produce, as I just showed you, lots and lots of oil.
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์•ž์„œ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
Now, why do we want to do this offshore?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์™œ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์—์„œ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
02:22
Well, the reason we're doing this offshore is because
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด ํ•ด์•ˆ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ
02:25
if you look at our coastal cities, there isn't a choice,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
because we're going to use waste water, as I suggested,
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๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์‹œํ‚ฌ ํ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์–ป์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
02:32
and if you look at where most of the waste water
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๋ณด๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ํ์ˆ˜์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์‹œ์„ค๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„
02:34
treatment plants are, they're embedded in the cities.
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ํ•ด์•ˆ๋„์‹œ์— ๊ฑด์„ค๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
02:38
This is the city of San Francisco, which has 900 miles
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์ผ๋ก€๋กœ, ์œ„ ์‚ฌ์ง„์˜ ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”๋Š”
02:41
of sewer pipes under the city already,
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900๋งˆ์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•˜์ˆ˜๊ด€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
02:44
and it releases its waste water offshore.
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ํ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์•ž๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ์Ÿ์•„ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
So different cities around the world treat their waste water
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ํ์ˆ˜์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๋„์‹œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ์ƒ‰์ด์—์š”.
02:52
differently. Some cities process it.
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ํ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฉด
02:54
Some cities just release the water.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋„์‹œ์—์„  ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์Ÿ์•„๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
02:56
But in all cases, the water that's released is
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋“ , ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋“ 
02:59
perfectly adequate for growing microalgae.
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ํ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฑ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
So let's envision what the system might look like.
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์ž ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
03:03
We call it OMEGA, which is an acronym for
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(Offshore Membrane Enclosures for Growing Algae) '๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ์—ฐ์•ˆ ์–‘์‹์žฅ'์˜ ์•ž๊ธ€์ž๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ์„œ
03:05
Offshore Membrane Enclosures for Growing Algae.
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'์˜ค๋ฉ”๊ฐ€'๋ผ๊ณ  ์งง๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
At NASA, you have to have good acronyms.
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๋‚˜์‚ฌ(NASA)์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ด๋‹ˆ์…œ์„ ๋”ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
03:12
So how does it work? I sort of showed you how it works already.
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์ž, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”? ์ด๋ฏธ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„๋Š” ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
03:15
We put waste water and some source of CO2
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๋ฌผ ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋œ ์šฉ๊ธฐ์—
03:19
into our floating structure,
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ํ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
and the waste water provides nutrients for the algae to grow,
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๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์€ ํ์ˆ˜์—์„œ ์˜์–‘๋ถ„์„ ์–ป์–ด ์ž๋ผ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:26
and they sequester CO2 that would otherwise go off
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๋˜ ์ด๋“ค์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด
03:28
into the atmosphere as a greenhouse gas.
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
They of course use solar energy to grow,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์€ ํƒœ์–‘์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ž๋ผ๊ณ 
03:33
and the wave energy on the surface provides energy
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ํ•ด๋ฉด์˜ ํŒŒ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„œ๋กœ ๊ณจ๊ณ ๋ฃจ ์„ž์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ,
03:36
for mixing the algae, and the temperature
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ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์ด ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋Š”
03:38
is controlled by the surrounding water temperature.
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์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ท๋ฌผ์˜ ์˜จ๋„์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
The algae that grow produce oxygen, as I've mentioned,
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์€
03:44
and they also produce biofuels and fertilizer and food and
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์‚ฐ์†Œ, ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์—ฐ๋ฃŒ, ๋น„๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ฐ€์ถ•์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ,
03:47
other bi-algal products of interest.
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๊ทธ๋ฐ–์˜ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
And the system is contained. What do I mean by that?
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์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ฐ ๋ฌ˜๋“ˆ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
It's modular. Let's say something happens that's
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์ผ๋ก€๋กœ, ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ฌ˜๋“ˆ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์—
03:56
totally unexpected to one of the modules.
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์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜๋ชปํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
03:58
It leaks. It's struck by lightning.
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ํ•œ ๋ฌ˜๋“ˆ์ด ๋ฒˆ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋งž์•„ ํ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
The waste water that leaks out is water that already now
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ƒˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ์ˆ˜๋Š”
04:03
goes into that coastal environment, and
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์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋”๋ผ๋„ ์–ด์ฐจํ”ผ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ๋ฒ„๋ ค์กŒ์„ ํ…Œ๊ณ ,
04:06
the algae that leak out are biodegradable,
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ํ์ˆ˜ ์†์˜ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์€ ์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
04:08
and because they're living in waste water,
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ํ์ˆ˜์—์„œ ์‚ด๋˜ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋Š”
04:09
they're fresh water algae, which means they can't
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๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ๋ฌผ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์†Œ๊ธˆ๋ฌผ ์†์—์„œ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:12
live in salt water, so they die.
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์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃฝ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
The plastic we'll build it out of is some kind of
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๋˜ ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์€
04:16
well-known plastic that we have good experience with, and
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์˜ˆ์ „์— ์“ฐ๋˜ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœํ•ด
04:19
we'll rebuild our modules to be able to reuse them again.
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๋ฌ˜๋“ˆ์„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ์ง“๋Š”๋ฐ์— ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
So we may be able to go beyond that when thinking about
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•œ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋”
04:27
this system that I'm showing you, and that is to say
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์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
04:30
we need to think in terms of the water, the fresh water,
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์„ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํฐ ์ด์Šˆ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
04:32
which is also going to be an issue in the future,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ
04:35
and we're working on methods now
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ํ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„
04:37
for recovering the waste water.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
The other thing to consider is the structure itself.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆˆ์—ฌ๊ฒจ ๋ณผ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ž์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
It provides a surface for things in the ocean,
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์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์œ„์— ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:45
and this surface, which is covered by seaweeds
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์ด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์€ ํ•ด์ดˆ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ท์†์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋“ค๋กœ
04:48
and other organisms in the ocean,
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๋ฎ์–ด์‹ธ์—ฌ
04:51
will become enhanced marine habitat
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์ˆ˜์ค‘ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ 
04:55
so it increases biodiversity.
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์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
And finally, because it's an offshore structure,
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์—ฐ์•ˆ์— ์ง€์–ด์งˆ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
04:58
we can think in terms of how it might contribute
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์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ท์†์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์—
05:01
to an aquaculture activity offshore.
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๋ผ์น  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
05:05
So you're probably thinking, "Gee, this sounds
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„, "์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์ข‹๋„ค.
05:07
like a good idea. What can we do to try to see if it's real?"
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์‹คํ˜„๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ• ๊นŒ?" ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
Well, I set up laboratories in Santa Cruz
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฐํƒ€ ํฌ๋ฃจ์ฆˆ์˜ '์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋‚š์‹œ์™€ ์–‘์‹์—… ์‹œ์„ค'์—
05:15
at the California Fish and Game facility,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์„ ์„ธ์› ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
05:18
and that facility allowed us to have big seawater tanks
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๊ทธ ์‹œ์„ค์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
05:21
to test some of these ideas.
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์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ท๋ฌผ ํƒฑํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
We also set up experiments in San Francisco
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๋˜ ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”์˜ ํ์ˆ˜ ์ •ํ™” ์‹œ์„ค ์„ธ ๊ตฐ๋ฐ ์ค‘
05:26
at one of the three waste water treatment plants,
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ํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ์‹คํ—˜ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์„ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
again a facility to test ideas.
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์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
05:31
And finally, we wanted to see where we could look at
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด
05:34
what the impact of this structure would be
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ํ•ด์–‘์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
05:37
in the marine environment, and we set up a field site
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๋ชฌํ„ฐ๋ ˆ์ด ๋งŒ์— ์žˆ๋Š” '๋ชจ์Šค ๋žœ๋”ฉ ํ•ด์–‘ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณณ์—
05:41
at a place called Moss Landing Marine Lab
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ํ˜„์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:43
in Monterey Bay, where we worked in a harbor
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์˜ ํ•ญ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด
05:45
to see what impact this would have on marine organisms.
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ํ•ด์–‘ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์— ๋ฏธ์น  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:50
The laboratory that we set up in Santa Cruz was our skunkworks.
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์‚ฐํƒ€ ํฌ๋ฃจ์ฆˆ์— ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํƒ€์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
It was a place where we were growing algae
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ณ ,
05:56
and welding plastic and building tools
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ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์„ ์šฉ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋˜ ๊ณณ์ด์—์š”.
05:59
and making a lot of mistakes,
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์‹œํ–‰์ฐฉ์˜ค๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฒช์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
06:00
or, as Edison said, we were
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์•„๋‹ˆ, ์—๋””์Šจ์ด ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด
06:02
finding the 10,000 ways that the system wouldn't work.
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10.000๋ฒˆ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ๊ฑธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
06:06
Now, we grew algae in waste water, and we built tools
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ์ˆ˜์— ๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์„ ํ’€๊ณ ,
06:10
that allowed us to get into the lives of algae
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์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์˜ ์ผ์ƒ๊ณผ, ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •,
06:13
so that we could monitor the way they grow,
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์ด ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋“ค์ด ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ๋˜ ์ด ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋“ค์ด
06:15
what makes them happy, how do we make sure that
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๋ฒˆ์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋“ฑ์„
06:18
we're going to have a culture that will survive and thrive.
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๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ์„ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
So the most important feature that we needed to develop were these
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
06:25
so-called photobioreactors, or PBRs.
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์†Œ์œ„ PBR์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
06:28
These were the structures that would be floating at the
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PBR์ด๋ž€, ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ , ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์œ„๋ฅผ
06:29
surface made out of some inexpensive plastic material
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๋‘ฅ๋‘ฅ ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์ž๋ผ๋„๋ก ๋•๋Š” ์žฅ๋น„์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
06:32
that'll allow the algae to grow, and we had built lots and lots
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์ด ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌํƒœ๊ป ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•ด๋†“์€ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๊ณ„ํš๋“ค์€
06:35
of designs, most of which were horrible failures,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” 30๊ฐค๋Ÿฐ ์ •๋„์˜
06:38
and when we finally got to a design that worked,
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์„ค๊ณ„๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:40
at about 30 gallons, we scaled it up
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๊ทธ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Š˜์—ฌ ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”์—๋Š”
06:43
to 450 gallons in San Francisco.
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450 ๊ฐค๋Ÿฐ์˜ ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
So let me show you how the system works.
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์ž ์ด์ œ ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
We basically take waste water with algae of our choice in it,
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๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณจ๋ผ์„œ ํ์ˆ˜์— ํ’€์–ด๋†“์€ ๋‹ค์Œ
06:52
and we circulate it through this floating structure,
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์ด ๋‘ฅ๋‘ฅ ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š”, ์‹ ์ถ•์„ฑ์ด ์ข‹์€ ํŠœ๋ธŒ์‹ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
06:55
this tubular, flexible plastic structure,
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์ˆœํ™˜์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
and it circulates through this thing,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ
06:59
and there's sunlight of course, it's at the surface,
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๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์€ ํ–‡๋น›๊ณผ ์˜์–‘๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ 
07:02
and the algae grow on the nutrients.
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์ž๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
But this is a bit like putting your head in a plastic bag.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑด ๋ฐ€ํ๋œ ๋น„๋‹๋ด‰์ง€์— ๊ฐ‡ํ˜€์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
07:07
The algae are not going to suffocate because of CO2,
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๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์— ์งˆ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š”
07:10
as we would.
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ
07:11
They suffocate because they produce oxygen, and they
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฟœ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
07:14
don't really suffocate, but the oxygen that they produce
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ๋˜๊ณ  ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋งŒ ๋งŽ์•„์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
07:16
is problematic, and they use up all the CO2.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
So the next thing we had to figure out was how we could
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
07:21
remove the oxygen, which we did by building this column
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์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋นผ๋‚ผ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์˜€์ฃ .
07:24
which circulated some of the water,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์„ ์ˆœํ™˜์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฝ‘์•„๋‚ธ ๋‹ค์Œ
07:26
and put back CO2, which we did by bubbling the system
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์„ ์ง‘์–ด๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
07:29
before we recirculated the water.
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ํ†ต๋กœ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
And what you see here is the prototype,
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜ ์›๋ณธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
which was the first attempt at building this type of column.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด์ฃ .
07:37
The larger column that we then installed in San Francisco
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฑด ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”์— ์„ค์น˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
07:40
in the installed system.
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์›ํ˜•๋ณด๋‹ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋น„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
So the column actually had another very nice feature,
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์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฅ์ ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
and that is the algae settle in the column,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก์€ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์ด
07:48
and this allowed us to accumulate the algal biomass
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์ˆ˜์ง ํ†ต๋กœ์— ์Œ“์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด,
07:51
in a context where we could easily harvest it.
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์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ˆ˜์›”ํ•ด ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
So we would remove the algaes that concentrated
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ์ผ์€
07:57
in the bottom of this column, and then we could
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ํ†ต๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋œ
08:00
harvest that by a procedure where you float the algae
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๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์„ ์ฑ„๋กœ ๊ฑด์ ธ๋‚ด
08:04
to the surface and can skim it off with a net.
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๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
So we wanted to also investigate what would be the impact
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์•ž์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ํ•ด์–‘ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์—
08:11
of this system in the marine environment,
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๋ฏธ์น  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
08:14
and I mentioned we set up this experiment at a field site
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'๋ชจ์Šค ๋žœ๋”ฉ ํ•ด์–‘ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ'์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์—์„œ ๊ด€๋ จ ์‹คํ—˜ ์‹œ์„ค์„
08:17
in Moss Landing Marine Lab.
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์„ค์น˜ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์ฃ .
08:20
Well, we found of course that this material became
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์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•˜์ž ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์ด
08:23
overgrown with algae, and we needed then to develop
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์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ•๊ตฌํ• 
08:25
a cleaning procedure, and we also looked at how
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ํ•„์š”๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์ค‘์—, ๋ฐ”๋‹ท์†์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์ƒˆ๋“ค์ด
08:28
seabirds and marine mammals interacted, and in fact you
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
08:31
see here a sea otter that found this incredibly interesting,
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์‹ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ˆ˜๋‹ฌ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด ์‹ ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€
08:34
and would periodically work its way across this little
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์ด๋”ฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ์ฐพ์•„์™€ ๋– ์žˆ๋Š” ์›Œํ„ฐ๋ฐฐ๋“œ์—์„œ ๋†€๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
08:37
floating water bed, and we wanted to hire this guy
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ˆ˜๋‹ฌ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง์›์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค์™€
08:40
or train him to be able to clean the surface
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์ฒญ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ์ค‘์ธ๋ฐ
08:42
of these things, but that's for the future.
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์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง„ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”.
08:44
Now really what we were doing,
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์–ด์จŒ๋“ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ 4๊ฐœ์˜
08:46
we were working in four areas.
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์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์ž‘์—… ์ค‘์ด๊ณ ์š”.
08:47
Our research covered the biology of the system,
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์ผ๋‹จ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์›๋ฆฌ,
08:50
which included studying the way algae grew,
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์ฆ‰, ๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •
08:52
but also what eats the algae, and what kills the algae.
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๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ฒœ์  ๋“ฑ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
We did engineering to understand what we would need
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฑด์ถ•์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
08:58
to be able to do to build this structure,
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์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง์„ ๋™์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
not only on the small scale, but how we would build it
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๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋„๋กœ, ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
09:03
on this enormous scale that will ultimately be required.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:07
I mentioned we looked at birds and marine mammals
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๋˜ ์•ž์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•ด์–‘ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
09:10
and looked at basically the environmental impact
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
of the system, and finally we looked at the economics,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
09:16
and what I mean by economics is,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด๋ž€,
09:17
what is the energy required to run the system?
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์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐ€๋™์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ด๋–ค ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
Do you get more energy out of the system
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๊ณผ์—ฐ ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ž‘๋™์‹œ์ผœ์„œ
09:22
than you have to put into the system
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ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ณด๋‹ค
09:23
to be able to make the system run?
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
09:25
And what about operating costs?
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๊ฐ€๋™ ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
09:27
And what about capital costs?
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์ž๋ณธ์•  ๋“œ๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์€ ๋˜ ์–ด์ฉŒ๊ณ ์š”?
09:29
And what about, just, the whole economic structure?
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์ด๊ด„์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
09:33
So let me tell you that it's not going to be easy,
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๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
and there's lots more work to do in all four
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ž‘๋™ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„
09:39
of those areas to be able to really make the system work.
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์•„์ง๋„ ์ง๋ฉดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:42
But we don't have a lot of time, and I'd like to show you
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ธธ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
09:45
the artist's conception of how this system might look
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์ž ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
09:49
if we find ourselves in a protected bay
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ •๋œ ๋งŒ(็ฃ)์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
09:51
somewhere in the world, and we have in the background
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์ด ๋งŒ(็ฃ)์—๋Š”
09:54
in this image, the waste water treatment plant
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ํ•˜์ˆ˜์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์Ÿ์•„์ ธ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
09:57
and a source of flue gas for the CO2,
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๊ตด๋š์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ๊ตฌ ๋ฟœ์–ด๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
10:00
but when you do the economics of this system,
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์ด ๋งŒ(็ฃ)์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜ค๋ฉ”๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋งŒ
10:03
you find that in fact it will be difficult to make it work.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์„ ๋”ฐ์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ˆ์ด ํ„ฑ์—†์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
Unless you look at the system as a way to treat waste water,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ์‹œ์„ ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ๋งŒ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:10
sequester carbon, and potentially for photovoltaic panels
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์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ํ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ,
10:14
or wave energy or even wind energy,
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ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ,
10:18
and if you start thinking in terms of
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ํ›—๋‚ ์—๋Š” ๊ด‘์ „์ง€ ํŒจ๋„์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ .
10:19
integrating all of these different activities,
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ํŒŒ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ’๋ ฅ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:22
you could also include in such a facility aquaculture.
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๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋“ค์„ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๋Š”
10:27
So we would have under this system a shellfish aquaculture
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์–‘์‹ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
where we're growing mussels or scallops.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์กฐ๊ฐœ ์–‘์‹์žฅ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•ด
10:32
We'd be growing oysters and things
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ํ™ํ•ฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ๋น„๋‚˜ ๊ตด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ณ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์˜ ํ•ด์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์„
10:35
that would be producing high value products and food,
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ํ‚ค์šฐ์ž๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
and this would be a market driver as we build the system
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์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ ์  ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œ์ผœ๋‚˜๊ฐ€
10:40
to larger and larger scales so that it becomes, ultimately,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์›์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋งŒํผ ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด
10:44
competitive with the idea of doing it for fuels.
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
10:49
So there's always a big question that comes up,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
because plastic in the ocean has got a really bad reputation
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์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ง„ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
10:55
right now, and so we've been thinking cradle to cradle.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํŒ€์€ '์š”๋žŒ์—์„œ ์š”๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ'๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๋Œ€๋ฉดํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:58
What are we going to do with all this plastic that we're
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์˜ค๋ฉ”๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์„
11:01
going to need to use in our marine environment?
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋‹ค ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
Well, I don't know if you know about this,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
11:05
but in California, there's a huge amount of plastic
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์ด
11:08
that's used in fields right now as plastic mulch,
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ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ํ”ผ๋ณต(Plastic Mulch)์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
and this is plastic that's making these tiny little greenhouses
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ํ† ์ง€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ๋ฎ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์€
11:15
right along the surface of the soil, and this provides
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์˜จ์‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผ์ผœ ํ† ์–‘์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์—ฌ์คŒ์œผ๋กœ์จ
11:17
warming the soil to increase the growing season,
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๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๋Š˜๋ ค์ฃผ๊ณ ,
11:21
it allows us to control weeds,
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์žก์ดˆ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
and, of course, it makes the watering much more efficient.
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๋˜, ๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ์— ๋ฌผ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ผ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋†’์—ฌ์ฃผ์ฃ .
11:27
So the OMEGA system will be part
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
11:29
of this type of an outcome, and that when we're finished
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์˜ค๋ฉ”๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ๋„
11:32
using it in the marine environment, we'll be using it,
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ๋‹ค ์“ฐ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด
11:35
hopefully, on fields.
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ํ† ์ง€์—์„œ ํ”ผ๋ณต์žฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
Where are we going to put this,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด๊ฑธ ์–ด๋””๋‹ค ์„ค์น˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
11:39
and what will it look like offshore?
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๋˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ์„ค์น˜๋˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
11:41
Here's an image of what we could do in San Francisco Bay.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”์— ์˜ค๋ฉ”๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ƒ๋„์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
11:44
San Francisco produces 65 million gallons a day
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์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 6,500๋งŒ ๊ฐค๋Ÿฐ์˜ ํ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ
11:47
of waste water. If we imagine a five-day retention time
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๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ 5์ผ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:50
for this system, we'd need 325 million gallons
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3์–ต2์ฒœ5๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๊ฐค๋Ÿฐ์˜ ํ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•  ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
to accomodate, and that would be about 1,280 acres
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์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ” ๋งŒ์— ์•ฝ 1,280 ์—์ด์ปค์˜ ์˜ค๋ฉ”๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์„
11:56
of these OMEGA modules floating in San Francisco Bay.
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์„ค์น˜ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์™€ ๋งž๋จน๋Š” ํ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด์ฃ .
12:00
Well, that's less than one percent
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ” ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฉด์ ์˜
12:02
of the surface area of the bay.
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1ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
It would produce, at 2,000 gallons per acre per year,
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์—์ด์ปค๋‹น ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ 2,000 ๊ฐค๋Ÿฐ,
12:07
it would produce over 2 million gallons of fuel,
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์ฆ‰, 200๋งŒ ๊ฐค๋Ÿฐ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
which is about 20 percent of the biodiesel,
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์ด๋กœ์จ ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”์—์„œ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ๋””์ ค ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์˜
12:12
or of the diesel that would be required in San Francisco,
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์•ฝ 20ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋””์ ค๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
and that's without doing anything about efficiency.
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ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋”ฐ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:18
Where else could we potentially put this system?
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ํ›—๋‚  ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋˜ ์–ด๋””์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ข‹์„๊นŒ์š”?
12:21
There's lots of possibilities.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ์—ด๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
There's, of course, San Francisco Bay, as I mentioned.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ” ๋งŒ๋„ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
12:26
San Diego Bay is another example,
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์ƒŒ๋””์—์ด๊ณ  ๋งŒ, ๋ชจ๋นŒ ๋งŒ์ด๋‚˜, ์ฒด์‚ฌํ”ฝ ๋งŒ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ์š”.
12:28
Mobile Bay or Chesapeake Bay, but the reality is,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค,
12:31
as sea level rises, there's going to be lots and lots
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ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ
12:33
of new opportunities to consider. (Laughter)
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์ด๋ฐ–์—๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ํ›„๋ณด์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
12:37
So what I'm telling you about is a system
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
12:41
of integrated activities.
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ํ†ตํ•ฉ์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:44
Biofuels production is integrated with alternative energy
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๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ๋Œ€์ฒด์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ 
12:47
is integrated with aquaculture.
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๋Œ€์ฒด์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ํ•ด์–‘์–‘์‹์—…์œผ๋กœ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
12:50
I set out to find a pathway
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์ €๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์นœํ™”์  ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
12:54
to innovative production of sustainable biofuels,
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ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์ž๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
12:59
and en route I discovered that what's really required
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๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€์†์ ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
13:02
for sustainability is integration more than innovation.
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์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜์‹ ์„ ๋„˜์–ด ์„  ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
Long term, I have great faith
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์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์•ˆ๋ชฉ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฒ ํฌ๋ง์ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:13
in our collective and connected ingenuity.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์ž‡๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฉ”๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋…์ฐฝ์„ฑ์— ์ž์‹ ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:18
I think there is almost no limit to what we can accomplish
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์—ด๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:23
if we are radically open
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋ฌดํ•œํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:25
and we don't care who gets the credit.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ •์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š๋ƒ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
Sustainable solutions for our future problems
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์ด์   ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
13:33
are going to be diverse
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์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์นœํ™”์  ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด
13:35
and are going to be many.
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๋งŽ์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
I think we need to consider everything,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:40
everything from alpha to OMEGA.
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์•ŒํŒŒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ค๋ฉ”๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
Thank you. (Applause)
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
13:46
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
13:52
Chris Anderson: Just a quick question for you, Jonathan.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ์กฐ๋‚˜๋‹จ, ์ž ๊น ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ• ๊ฒŒ์š”.
13:55
Can this project continue to move forward within
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ(NASA)์˜ ์ž๊ธˆ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ
13:58
NASA or do you need some very ambitious
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์šด์˜ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด, ์ด ์ผ์„ ์ฐฉ์ˆ˜์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
14:01
green energy fund to come and take it by the throat?
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์•ผ์‹ฌ์ฐฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋ชจ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
14:06
Jonathan Trent: So it's really gotten to a stage now
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์กฐ๋‚˜๋‹จ ํŠธ๋ ŒํŠธ(๊ฐ•์—ฐ์ž): ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š”
14:07
in NASA where they would like to spin it out into something
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋˜๋„๋ก์ด๋ฉด ์—ฐ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ 
14:10
which would go offshore, and there are a lot of issues
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ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
with doing it in the United States because of limited
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
14:15
permitting issues and the time required to get permits
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์ œํ•œ๋œ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์ฆ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋‚˜ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์ฆ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
14:17
to do things offshore.
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์•„์ง ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:19
It really requires, at this point, people on the outside,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
and we're being radically open with this technology
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ด์œ ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š”
14:24
in which we're going to launch it out there
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๊ด€์‹ฌ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด์„œ
14:25
for anybody and everybody who's interested
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์‹ค์šฉํ™” ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
14:28
to take it on and try to make it real.
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์ฒ ์ €ํžˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
CA: So that's interesting. You're not patenting it.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค: ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๋„ค์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๊ฑธ๋กœ ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
14:32
You're publishing it.
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๋Œ€์ค‘๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ตฐ์š”.
14:34
JT: Absolutely.
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14:34
CA: All right. Thank you so much.
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์กฐ๋‚˜๋‹จ: ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด์ฃ .
ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค: ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ตฐ์š”. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
JT: Thank you. (Applause)
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์กฐ๋‚˜๋‹จ: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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