The case for a decentralized internet | Tamas Kocsis

101,518 views ใƒป 2018-11-29

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Hanwool Chung ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
Three years ago,
0
13200
1240
3๋…„ ์ „,
00:14
I started building a decentralized web
1
14480
3016
์ €๋Š” ํƒˆ์ค‘์•™ํ™”๋œ ์›น์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
because I was worried about the future of our internet.
2
17520
3280
์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฑ์ •๋๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
00:21
The current internet we are using is about gatekeepers.
3
21680
2616
ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฌธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
If you want to reach something on the web,
4
24320
2376
์›น ์ƒ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
00:26
then you need to go through multiple middlemen.
5
26720
2376
๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์•ผํ•˜์ฃ .
00:29
First, a domain name server,
6
29120
2456
์šฐ์„ , ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ ๋„ค์ž„ ์„œ๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
then a server hosting company,
7
31600
2536
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„
00:34
which usually points you to a third party,
8
34160
3736
์ œ3์ž ์›น์„œ๋น„์Šค๋กœ ์ด๋Œ์–ด์ฃผ๋Š”
00:37
to a web hosting service.
9
37920
1960
์„œ๋ฒ„ ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŒ… ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:41
And this happens every time you want to reach a website on the web.
10
41080
3520
์–ด๋–ค ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋“ ์ง€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ ˆ์ฐจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
But these gatekeepers are vulnerable to internet attacks
11
45440
4456
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์— ์ทจ์•ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
and also makes the censorship and the surveillance easier.
12
49920
3800
๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์—ด๊ณผ ๊ฐ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋‹นํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์ฃ .
00:55
And the situation is getting worse.
13
55040
1720
์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ์ ์  ๋” ์•…ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
Everything is moving to the cloud,
14
57840
1696
๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์ง€๊ณ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
00:59
where the data is hosted by giant corporations.
15
59560
3080
๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์—…์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜์ฃ .
01:03
This move creates much, much more powerful middlemen.
16
63400
4280
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด๋™์€ ๋”๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ธ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
Now, move to the cloud makes sense
17
68560
2296
์ด์   ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ๋กœ์˜ ์ด๋™์ด ๋” ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
because this way it's easier and cheaper
18
70880
2056
๋” ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
01:12
for the developers and the service operators.
19
72960
2136
๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž์™€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์ž ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ์š”.
01:15
They don't have to worry about maintaining the physical servers.
20
75120
4200
๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์„œ๋ฒ„๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ธ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
I can't blame them, but I found this trend to be very dangerous,
21
80720
5216
๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋น„๋‚œํ•  ์ˆœ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ถ”์„ธ๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
because this way, these giant corporations
22
85960
2256
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€
01:28
have unlimited control over the hosting services.
23
88240
3840
ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŒ…์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
And it's very easy to abuse this power.
24
92920
3000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๋‚จ์šฉ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
For example, last year, a CEO of a company
25
97440
3776
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, 9๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์˜
01:41
that acts as a gatekeeper for nine million websites
26
101240
4616
๋ฌธ์ง€๊ธฐ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ•œ CEO๋Š” ์ž‘๋…„์— ์–ด๋–ค ์••๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ดํ›„
01:45
decided, after some public pressure,
27
105880
2096
์ž์‹ ์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์˜
01:48
that one of the sites it manages,
28
108000
2416
๋งจ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
01:50
a far right page, should be blocked.
29
110440
2600
์ข‹๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
He then sent an internal email to his coworkers.
30
114520
2880
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž„์ง์›์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋‚ด ๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
"This was an arbitrary decision.
31
119000
2200
"์ด๊ฑด ๋…๋‹จ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
I woke up this morning in a bad mood
32
122640
2536
์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ ๋‚˜์œ ๊ธฐ์šด์— ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋–ด๊ณ 
02:05
and decided to kick them off the Internet."
33
125200
2640
๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์—์„œ ๋‚ด์ซ“๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋งˆ์Œ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
02:09
Even he admits,
34
129960
1896
์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ทธ๋„ ์ธ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
"No one should have this power."
35
131880
2040
"์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํž˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
02:15
As a response, one of the employees asked him,
36
135720
2896
๊ทธ์— ํ•œ ์ง์›์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
"Is this the day the Internet dies?"
37
138640
2640
"์˜ค๋Š˜์ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ์ฃฝ๋Š” ๋‚ ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?"
02:23
I don't think we are actually killing the internet,
38
143800
2416
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ์ฃฝ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
but I do think that we are in the middle
39
146240
1936
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ๋”์šฑ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”
02:28
of a kind of irresponsible centralization process
40
148200
2776
์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ฌด์ฑ…์ž„ํ•œ ์ค‘์•™ํ™” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜
02:31
that makes our internet more fragile.
41
151000
2640
ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
The decentralized, people-to-people web
42
155120
3336
ํƒˆ์ค‘์•™ํ™”๋œ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ฐ„์˜ ์›น์ด
02:38
solves this problem by removing the central points,
43
158480
3056
์ค‘์‹ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์›นํ˜ธ์ŠคํŒ…์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์—†์•ฐ์œผ๋กœ์จ
02:41
the web-hosting services.
44
161560
1600
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
It empowers the users
45
163880
2256
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„  ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํž˜์ด ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
to have host sites they want to preserve.
46
166160
3520
๋ณด์กด๋˜๊ธธ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŒ…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
On this network, the sites get downloaded directly from other visitors.
47
171080
5200
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ž๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง์ ‘ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
This means, if you have a site with 100 visitors,
48
177120
2336
์ด๊ฒŒ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งŒ์•ฝ 100๋ช…์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:59
then it's hosted [by] 100 computers around the world.
49
179480
3200
์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ 100๋Œ€์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŒ…๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
Basically, this is a people-powered version of the internet.
50
184040
5360
๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋™๋ ฅ์ด๋˜๋Š” ๋ฒ„์ „์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
The security of the network is provided by public-key cryptography.
51
190720
4016
์ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ๋ณด์•ˆ์€ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ‚ค ์•”ํ˜ธ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
This makes sure that no one can modify the sites
52
194760
3496
์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์˜ ์†Œ์œ ์ž ์™ธ์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
but only the real owner.
53
198280
1680
03:21
Think of it like instead of getting electricity from big power plants,
54
201360
4456
ํฐ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ์—์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์— ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ํŒจ๋„์„
03:25
you put solar panels on top of your house,
55
205840
2056
์„ค์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
03:27
and if your neighbor down the street needs some extra energy,
56
207920
2896
๊ธธ๊ฑด๋„ˆ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด์›ƒ์ด ์—ฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:30
then they can just download some from your house.
57
210840
2680
๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ง‘์—์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
So by using the decentralized web,
58
216760
2816
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํƒˆ์ค‘์•™ํ™”๋œ ์›น์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
03:39
we can help to keep content accessible for other visitors.
59
219600
4320
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ์ปจํ…์ธ ์— ๊ณ„์† ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ• ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
And by that, it means
60
224800
2696
๋˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
03:47
that we can also fight against things
61
227520
3656
์ •๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—
03:51
that we feel are unjust,
62
231200
1640
๋งž์„œ ์‹ธ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
like censorship.
63
234000
1200
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๊ฒ€์—ด๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์—์š”.
03:56
In China, the internet is tightly controlled.
64
236480
2920
์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ†ต์ œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
They can't criticize the government,
65
240600
3856
์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋น„ํŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ 
04:04
organize a protest,
66
244480
2016
์‹œ์œ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ 
04:06
and it's also forbidden to post
67
246520
2736
์ฒœ์•ˆ๋ฌธ์‚ฌํƒœ์˜ ํฌ์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ์ถ”๋ชจํ•˜๋Š”
04:09
a kind of emoticon to remember the victims of the Tiananmen Square Massacre.
68
249280
4560
์ด๋ชจํ‹ฐ์ฝ˜์„ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์— ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ธˆ์ง€๋˜์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
With the decentralized web, it's not the government that decides
69
255040
3061
ํƒˆ์ค‘์•™ํ™”๋œ ์›น์—์„  ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์ง€๊ณ  ๋ณด์—ฌ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅผ
04:18
what gets seen and what doesn't.
70
258126
1994
๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
It's the people,
71
261080
2016
๋Œ€์ค‘๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
which makes the web more democratic.
72
263120
2160
์›น์„ ๋” ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:26
But at the same time, it's hard to use this network
73
266600
2416
๋˜ ์ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋Š” ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋“ 
04:29
to do something that is clearly illegal
74
269040
2775
๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์„ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฐ
04:31
everywhere in the world,
75
271839
1377
์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
as the users probably don't want to endanger themselves
76
273240
3536
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ปจํ…์ธ ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋ฌด๋ฆ…์“ฐ๋ฉด์„œ
04:36
hosting these kinds of problematic content.
77
276800
2480
ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŒ…ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
04:41
Another increasing threat
78
281720
2936
๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋Š”
04:44
to internet freedom
79
284680
1760
์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ
04:47
is overregulation.
80
287400
1440
์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
I have the impression
81
291160
2096
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
04:53
that our delegates
82
293280
1696
์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ทœ์ œ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์— ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ๋“ค์ด
04:55
who vote on the internet regulation laws
83
295000
2856
04:57
are not fully aware of their decisions.
84
297880
3200
๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
For example, the European Parliament has a new law on the table,
85
301760
3656
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ํšŒ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์„ ๋‚ด ๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
a new copyright protection law,
86
305440
1976
์ƒˆ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฒ•์ธ๋ฐ
05:07
that has a part called Article 13.
87
307440
2640
๊ทธ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์กฐํ•ญ 13์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
If it passes, it would require every big website
88
311680
4336
๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์ด ํ†ต๊ณผ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ํฐ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋“ค์€
05:16
to implement a filter
89
316040
2256
๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์— ์˜ํ•ด
05:18
that automatically blocks content
90
318320
3296
์ปจํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ์ž๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ
05:21
based on rules controlled by big corporations.
91
321640
2920
์˜๋ฌด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
The original idea is to protect copyrighted materials,
92
325800
2656
์›๋ž˜๋Š” ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์˜๋„์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
05:28
but it would endanger many other things we do on the internet:
93
328480
3496
์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์—์„œํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
blogging, criticizing, discussing, linking and sharing.
94
332000
3520
๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ์— ๊ธ€์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ, ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๊ธฐ, ํ† ๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ, ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์ด์š”.
05:36
Google and YouTube already have similar systems
95
336760
3816
๊ตฌ๊ธ€๊ณผ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
and they are receiving 100,000 takedown requests every hour.
96
340600
5280
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งค ์‹œ๊ฐ„ 10๋งŒ๊ฑด์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์‚ญ์ œ ์š”์ฒญ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
Of course, they can't process this amount of data by hand,
97
347440
3216
๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์š”์ฒญ์„ ์ผ์ผ์ด ์ˆ˜์ž‘์—…์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆœ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
so they are using machine learning
98
350680
1656
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋จธ์‹ ๋Ÿฌ๋‹์œผ๋กœ
05:52
to decide if it's really a copyright violation or not.
99
352360
2560
์–ด๋–ค ์ปจํ…์ธ ๊ฐ€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์„ ์–ด๊ฒผ๋Š”์ง€ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์ฃ .
05:56
But these filters do make mistakes.
100
356600
3440
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋“ค๋„ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
They're removing everything from documentation of human rights abuses,
101
361000
5816
๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ฅ์น˜๋Š”๋Œ€๋กœ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ถŒ์นจํ•ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋“ค,
06:06
lectures about copyrights
102
366840
2896
์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋“ค,
06:09
and search results
103
369760
2216
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์กฐํ•ญ 13์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ๊ณผ
06:12
that point to criticism of this new Article 13.
104
372000
5040
์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„์š”.
06:18
Beside of that, they are also removing many other things.
105
378840
2760
๊ทธ ์ด์™ธ์—๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
And sometimes, these filters aren't just removing the specific content,
106
384480
6296
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋•Œ๋ก  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋“ค์ด ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ปจํ…์ธ ๋งŒ ์ง€์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:30
but it could also lead to loss of your linked accounts:
107
390800
4776
์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๊ณ„์ •์˜ ์†์‹ค์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
your email address, your documents, your photos,
108
395600
4176
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ ์ฃผ์†Œ, ๋ฌธ์„œ, ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค,
06:39
or your unfinished book,
109
399800
2176
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž‘์—…์ค‘์ธ ์ฑ… ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์š”.
06:42
which happened with the writer Dennis Cooper.
110
402000
2720
๋ฐ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์ฟ ํผ๋ผ๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
It's not hard to see how a system like this could be abused
111
405920
4496
์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค, ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋‚จ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
06:50
by politicians and corporate competitors.
112
410440
3200
๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
This Article 13, the extension of these automated filters to the whole internet,
113
415760
6296
์กฐํ•ญ 13์€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ „์ฒด์— ์ž๋™ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
got strong opposition
114
422080
2136
์ด์— ์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„, ๊นƒํ—ˆ๋ธŒ, ๋ชจ์งˆ๋ผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด
07:04
from Wikipedia, Github, Mozilla, and many others,
115
424240
5376
๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
including the original founders of the internet and the World Wide Web,
116
429640
5536
๋นˆํŠธ ์„œํ”„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŒ€ ๋ฒ„๋„ˆ์Šค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ™์€
์›น์˜ ์ฐฝ์‹œ์ž๋“ค์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ์š”.
07:15
Vint Cerf and Tim Berners-Lee.
117
435200
1880
07:18
But despite this strong opposition,
118
438120
2896
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑฐ์„ผ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
07:21
on the last European Parliament vote,
119
441040
2376
์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ํšŒ์˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ ํˆฌํ‘œ์—์„œ
07:23
two thirds of the representatives supported this law.
120
443440
3880
์˜์›์˜ 3๋ถ„์˜ 2๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
The final vote will be early 2019.
121
449080
2720
๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ํˆฌํ‘œ๋Š” 2019๋…„ ์ดˆ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ •๋˜์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
The result is important,
122
452920
1976
์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
but whatever happens,
123
454920
2696
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋“ 
07:37
I'm pretty sure it will be followed by many other similar proposals
124
457640
5296
์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์•ˆ๋“ค์ด
07:42
around the world.
125
462960
1200
๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
These kinds of regulations would be very hard to enforce
126
465280
3176
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ทœ์ œ๋“ค์€ ํƒˆ์ค‘์•™ํ™”๋œ ์›น์—์„ 
07:48
through a decentralized web,
127
468480
1456
๊ฐ•์š”๋˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
as there is no hosting companies.
128
469960
2280
ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŒ… ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
07:53
The websites are served by the visitors themselves.
129
473280
3000
๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์šด์˜๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
I started to build this network three years ago.
130
478240
3680
์ €๋Š” 3๋…„ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
Since then, I've spent thousands, tens of thousands of hours
131
483120
4256
๊ทธ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์ €๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๊ทธ ์—ด๋ฐฐ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„
08:07
on the development.
132
487400
1200
๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์Ÿ์•„ ๋ถ€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
Why?
133
489800
1576
์™œ๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”?
08:11
Why would anyone spend thousands of hours on something anyone can freely copy,
134
491400
3776
์„ธ์ƒ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋Œ€๊ฐ€์—†์ด ๋ณต์‚ฌ, ์žฌ๋ช…๋ช…์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ 
08:15
rename, or even sell?
135
495200
2200
์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํŒ” ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
08:19
Well, in my case,
136
499600
1736
์ œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
08:21
one of the reasons was to do something meaningful.
137
501360
2440
์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์‹ถ์–ด์„œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
During my daily regular job as a web developer,
138
504720
2536
์›น๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋กœ์„œ ๋‚ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
08:27
I didn't have the feeling that I'm working on something
139
507280
3216
์ œ ์ž์‹  ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
that had a chance to be a bigger than me.
140
510520
2640
08:35
Simply, I just wanted to make my short presence in this world
141
515000
3816
๊ทธ์ € ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ ์งง์€ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ๋œป๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
to be meaningful.
142
518840
1560
08:43
Last year, the Great Firewall of China started blocking this network I created.
143
523000
5080
์ž‘๋…„์— ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋งŒ๋ฆฌ์žฅ์„ฑ์€ ์ œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
This move officially made me the enemy
144
529400
3255
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ€์‘์œผ๋กœ ์ €๋Š” ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ
08:52
of the government-supported internet censorship.
145
532679
3441
์ค‘๊ตญ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ฒ€์—ด์˜ ์ ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
Since then, it's been really a game of cat and mouse.
146
537680
3016
๊ทธ ์ดํ›„๋กœ๋Š” ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ƒ์ฅ์™€ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์˜ ์‹ธ์›€์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
They make new rules in the firewall
147
540720
2736
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉํ™”๋ฒฝ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด
09:03
and I try to react to it as fast as I can
148
543480
3016
์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‘์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
so the users can keep hosting content and create websites
149
546520
4096
์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ณ„์† ์ปจํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŒ…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก์š”.
09:10
that otherwise would be censored by the centralized Chinese internet.
150
550640
5360
๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ค‘์•™ํ™”๋œ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒ€์—ด๋  ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
09:17
My other motivation to create this network was worry.
151
557680
4080
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๊ธฐ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ ค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
I fear that the future of our internet is out of our control.
152
563080
5216
์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ†ต์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‘๋ ค์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
The increasing centralization and the proposed laws
153
568320
3416
๊ฐ€์†๋˜๋Š” ์ค‘์•™ํ™”์™€ ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์•ˆ๋“ค์€
09:31
are threatening our freedom of speech
154
571760
2536
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐœ์–ธ์˜ ์ž์œ , ์ฆ‰ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ
09:34
and, by that, our democracy.
155
574320
2240
์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
So for me, building a decentralized web
156
577440
3336
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ํƒˆ์ค‘์•™ํ™”๋œ ์›น์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
09:40
means creating a safe harbor,
157
580800
3216
์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ํ•ญ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
a space where the rules are not written by big corporations and political parties,
158
584040
6816
๊ทœ์น™๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๊ณผ ์ •๋‹น์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
09:50
but by the people.
159
590880
1760
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ง€๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด์ฃ .
09:53
Thank you.
160
593840
1216
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
(Applause)
161
595080
4400
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7