The psychology of inequality and political division | Keith Payne

78,310 views ใƒป 2020-10-05

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Anna Ryu ๊ฒ€ํ† : Kim Sojeong Sue
00:12
You've probably heard by now
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•„๋งˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
that economic inequality is historically high,
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ด ์œ ๋ก€์—†์ด ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
00:17
that the wealthiest one-tenth of one percent in the United States
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์†Œ๋“ ์ƒ์œ„ 0.1%์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ์ด
00:20
have as much wealth as the bottom 90 percent combined,
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ํ•˜์œ„ 90%์˜ ๋ชซ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•„์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
or that the wealthiest eight individuals in the world
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ 8์ธ์˜ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ ํ•ฉ์น˜๋ฉด
00:27
have as much wealth
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ํ•˜์œ„ 35์–ต ๋ช…์˜ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
as the poorest 3.5 billion inhabitants of the planet.
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00:34
But did you know that economic inequality is associated with shorter lifespans,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํ˜น์‹œ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋ช…์€ ์งง์•„์ง€๊ณ 
00:39
less happiness,
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ํ–‰๋ณต๊ฐ์€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๋ฉฐ
00:41
more crime
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๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋Š” ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
and more drug abuse?
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์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์ค‘๋…๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
Those sound like problems of poverty,
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๋นˆ๊ณค์ด ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
00:47
but among wealthy, developed nations
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๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ์„ ์ง„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—์„œ๋„
00:49
those health and social problems
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์ด
00:51
are actually more tightly linked to inequality between incomes
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์  ์†Œ๋“๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
์†Œ๋“ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๋” ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
than to absolute incomes.
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00:58
And because of that,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
01:00
the United States,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ
01:01
the wealthiest and the most unequal of nations,
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01:04
actually fares worse than all other developed countries.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž˜ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:10
Surveys show that large majorities of Americans,
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์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด
01:13
both Democrats and Republicans,
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น๊ณผ ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น ๋ชจ๋‘
01:15
believe inequality is too high and want more equal pay.
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๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋ฉฐ
๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ์ž„๊ธˆ์„ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
And yet as a society, we don't seem to be able to find the common ground,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์•„์ง ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด๋‚˜
01:25
the consensus, the political will to do anything about it.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ •์น˜์  ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
Because, as inequality has risen in recent decades,
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
01:33
political polarization has risen along with it.
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์ •์น˜์  ์–‘๊ทนํ™” ์—ญ์‹œ ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
We see those who disagree with us as idiots or as immoral.
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๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฉ์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„๋„๋•์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
01:44
Nearly half of Democrats and Republicans
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น๊ณผ ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น ์ง€์ง€์ž์˜ 50% ์ด์ƒ์ด
01:46
now think that the other side is not just mistaken
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์ง„์˜์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:49
but a threat to the nation.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
And that animosity prevents us from finding the common ground
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ๋Œ€๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•œ ๊ต์ง‘ํ•ฉ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง€์ฃ .
01:55
to change things.
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01:59
I'm a social psychology professor at the University of North Carolina,
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์ €๋Š” ๋…ธ์Šค์บ๋กค๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
and I study the effects of inequality on people's thinking and behavior.
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๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
I'm going to argue that it's not just an unfortunate coincidence
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๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ๊ณผ ์ •์น˜์  ์–‘๊ทนํ™” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
02:11
that inequality and political division have risen together.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์šฐ์—ฐ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
There are good psychological reasons
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๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ด ์ •์น˜์  ์–‘๊ทนํ™”๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
02:18
that inequality drives wedges in our politics.
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์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
That means there are good psychological paths
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์ฆ‰, ๋‘ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ํ† ๋ผ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
02:24
to improve both at once.
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์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
To understand why inequality is so powerful,
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๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ง‰๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
02:30
you have to first understand that we are constantly comparing ourselves
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‚จ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํŠน์ง•์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
to other people,
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02:36
and when we do that,
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์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ๋•Œ
02:38
we really like to come out on top,
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๋‚จ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
and we find it painful to be on the bottom.
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๋‚จ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:44
Psychologists call it the "better-than-average effect."
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์ด๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์—์„œ๋Š” "ํ‰๊ท  ์ด์ƒ ํšจ๊ณผ"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
Most people believe they're better than average
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ž์‹ ์„ ํ‰๊ท  ์ด์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
at just about anything they care about,
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ์š”.
02:55
which isn't strictly possible, because that's just what average means.
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์‚ฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ํ‰๊ท  ์ด์ƒ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”๋ฐ๋„์š”.
02:59
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:01
But that's the way people feel.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
Most people think they're smarter than average,
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๋‚จ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:06
harder working than average
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๋” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ
03:08
and more socially skilled.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์„ฑ๋„ ๋” ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
Most people think they're better drivers than average.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์šด์ „ ์‹ค๋ ฅ์ด ํ‰๊ท  ์ด์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
03:14
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:15
That's true even if you do the study with a sample of people
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๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ๊ณผ์‹ค์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ตํ†ต์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ
03:18
currently hospitalized for a car accident that they caused.
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๋ณ‘์› ์‹ ์„ธ๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
03:22
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:25
So we really want to see ourselves as better than average,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ท  ์ด์ƒ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:28
and if we find out otherwise,
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๋ฉด
03:29
it's a painful experience that we have to cope with.
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํž˜๋“ค์–ดํ•ด์š”.
03:33
And we cope with it by shifting how we see the world.
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์ด ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋–จ์ณ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
To understand how this works,
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
03:39
my collaborators and I ran an experiment.
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์ €์™€ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€ ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
We asked participants to complete a decision-making task to earn some money,
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์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์€ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
and in reality, everyone earned the same amount of money.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž ์ „์›์—๊ฒŒ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ˆ์„ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
But we randomly divided them into two groups,
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์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ํ›„
03:53
and we told one group that they had done better than average,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—๋Š” ๊ณผ์ œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ ฅ์ด ํ‰๊ท  ์ด์ƒ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
03:56
and we told the other group they had done worse than average.
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  ์ดํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
So now we have one group that feels richer and one group that feels poorer,
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ํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ๋” ๋ถ€์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ๋” ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:05
but for no objective reason.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
04:07
And then we asked them some questions.
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๊ทธ ํ›„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
When we asked them, "How good are you at making decisions?"
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"๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์ž˜ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋‚˜์š”?" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
04:13
the better-than-average group said that they were more competent
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ํ‰๊ท  ์ด์ƒ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ํ‰๊ท  ์ดํ•˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด
04:17
than the below-average group.
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๋” ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
The better-than-average group said that their success
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ํ‰๊ท  ์ด์ƒ์— ์†ํ•œ ์‘๋‹ต์ž๋“ค์€
04:23
was a fair outcome of a meritocracy.
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์‹ค๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์–ป์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ณ 
04:26
The below-average group thought the system was rigged,
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ํ‰๊ท  ์ดํ•˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์ž‘๋๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:29
and in this case, of course, they were right.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—” ์กฐ์ž‘์ด๊ธด ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:32
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:35
Even though the two groups had the same amount of money,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๋‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์–‘์˜ ๋ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ
04:38
the group that felt richer said we should cut taxes on the wealthy,
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๋” ๋ถ€์œ ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€
์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์— ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ธˆ์€ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ณ 
04:43
cut benefits to the poor.
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์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์ค„์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
Let them work hard and be responsible for themselves, they said.
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"์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต์ด ๋” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•ด์„œ ์ž๋ฆฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
These are attitudes that we normally assume are rooted in deeply held values
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํƒœ๋„๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์ด๋‚˜
04:55
and a lifetime of experience,
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์ธ์ƒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
but a 10-minute exercise
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ๋ถ€์™€ ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ 10๋ถ„์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„
05:00
that made people feel richer or poorer
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05:03
was enough to change those views.
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๊ด€์ ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:07
This difference between being rich or poor and feeling rich or poor is important,
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์ ˆ๋Œ€์  ๋ถ€์™€ ๋นˆ๊ณค, ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ๋ถ€์™€ ๋นˆ๊ณค์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
because the two don't always line up very well.
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์ด ๋‘˜์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
You often hear people say with nostalgia,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ–ฅ์ˆ˜์— ์ –์–ด ์ž์ฃผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:18
"We were poor, but we didn't know it."
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ–ˆ์ง€, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์‚ด์•˜์–ด."
05:21
That was the case for me growing up,
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์ œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ์ด ๊ทธ๋žฌ์–ด์š”.
05:24
until one day,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋˜ ์–ด๋Š ๋‚  4ํ•™๋…„ ์ ์‹ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
in the fourth-grade lunch line,
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05:27
we had a new cashier who didn't know the ropes,
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์ผ์ด ์ต์ˆ™์น˜ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์‹ ์ž… ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์›์ด
05:30
and she asked me for 1.25 dollars.
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ 1.25 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
I was taken aback, because I had never been asked to pay for my lunch before.
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹นํ™ฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ์ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚ธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
05:39
I didn't know what to say, because I didn't have any money.
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๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์ฃ . ํ•œ ํ‘ผ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
05:43
And suddenly, I realized for the first time
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆœ๊ฐ„, ์ €๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์–ด์š”
05:46
that we free lunch kids were the poor ones.
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์˜€์ฃ .
05:51
That awkward moment in the school lunch line
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์ ์‹ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋•Œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ณค๋ž€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ์ดํ›„
05:54
changed so much for me,
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
because for the first time, I felt poor.
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ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
We didn't have any less money than the day before,
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์ „๋‚  ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:03
but for the first time,
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์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ
06:05
I started noticing things differently.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑธ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
It changed the way I saw the world.
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์ฃ .
06:10
I started noticing how the kids who paid for their lunch
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์ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚ด๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€
06:13
seemed to dress better than the free lunch kids.
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๊ธ‰์‹์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜ท์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ž…๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜๊ณ ,
06:17
I started noticing the big yellow blocks of government cheese
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๋ฌธ ์•ž์— ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ž—๊ณ  ํฐ ๋ฉ์ด ์น˜์ฆˆ๋Š”
06:20
that showed up at our door
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์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ง€์›๋ฐ›์€ ์‹ํ’ˆ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
06:21
and the food stamps my mother would pull out at the grocery store.
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์—„๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ์ ์—์„œ ํ‘ธ๋“œ ์Šคํƒฌํ”„๋ฅผ ์“ด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ .
06:25
I was always a shy kid,
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์ €๋Š” ์›๋ž˜ ์†Œ์‹ฌํ•œ ์•„์ด์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ,
06:27
but I hardly talked at all after that at school.
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๊ทธ๋‚  ์ดํ›„ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
Who was I to speak up?
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๋‹น๋‹นํžˆ ๋งํ•  ์ฒ˜์ง€๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
06:34
For decades, social scientists looked for evidence
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์ž๋“ค์€
์ƒ๋Œ€์  ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ๊ฐ์ด ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜ ์›๋™๋ ฅ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
06:38
that feeling deprived compared to other people
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06:40
would motivate political action.
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์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
They thought it would mobilize protests, strikes,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ๊ฐ์ด ์‹œ์œ„์™€ ํŒŒ์—…,
06:45
maybe even revolutions.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ํ˜๋ช…๊นŒ์ง€ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:48
But again and again what they found was that it paralyzed people,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญํ•ด๋„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ๊ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
because the truth is,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ,
06:55
feeling less than other people
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๋‚จ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์€
06:56
brings shame.
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์ˆ˜์น˜์‹ฌ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
It makes people turn away,
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ฒด์ œ์— ์‹ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ 
07:00
disgusted with the system.
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์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ์™ธ๋ฉดํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
Feeling better than other people, though --
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ซ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์€
07:05
now that is motivating.
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๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
It motivates us to protect that position,
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๊ทธ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์ง€๊ณ ,
07:10
and it has important consequences for our politics.
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์ •์น˜์—๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
To see why, consider another experiment.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
07:19
Again, we asked participants to make decisions to earn some money,
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์€ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
and we told one group that they had done better than average
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ํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ํ‰๊ท  ์ด์ƒ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
07:26
and the other group that they had done worse than average.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ํ‰๊ท  ์ดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
And again, the better-than-average group said it's a fair meritocracy,
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ํ‰๊ท  ์ด์ƒ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š” ์‹ค๋ ฅ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™”๊ณ 
07:33
cut taxes on the wealthy,
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์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์— ๋ถ€๊ณผ๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ธˆ์€ ์ค„์ด๊ณ 
07:35
cut benefits on the poor.
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์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์ค„์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:39
But this time, we also asked them what did they think
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:42
about other participants who disagree with them
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07:45
on those issues.
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07:46
Are they smart or incompetent?
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"๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ฌด๋Šฅํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”?"
07:49
Are they reasonable or are they biased?
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"๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์— ์น˜์šฐ์ณค๋‚˜์š”?"
07:54
The better-than-average group said anybody who disagrees with them
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ํ‰๊ท  ์ด์ƒ์— ์†ํ•œ ์‘๋‹ต์ž๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด
07:58
must be incompetent, biased,
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๋ฌด๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ํŽธํ–ฅ๋˜๋ฉฐ
08:01
blinded by self-interest.
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์ด๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์— ๋ˆˆ์ด ๋ฉ€์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:04
The below-average group
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'ํ‰๊ท  ์ดํ•˜'์— ์†ํ•œ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋Š”
08:06
didn't assume that about their opponents.
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์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
Now, there are lots of psychology studies
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๋งŽ์€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋“ฏ์ด,
08:12
showing that when people agree with us,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„
08:14
we think they're brilliant,
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๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ ,
08:16
and when people disagree with us,
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๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
08:17
we tend to think they're idiots.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฉ์ฒญํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ฃ .
08:19
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:21
But this is new because we found it was driven entirely by the group
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์‹คํ—˜์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์› ๋˜ ์ ์€
ํ‰๊ท  ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€
08:25
that felt better than average,
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08:27
who felt entitled to dismiss those people who disagree with them.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ํ„ํ•˜ํ•  ์ž๊ฒฉ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค
08:33
So think about what this is doing to our politics,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •์น˜์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:37
as the haves and have-nots spread further and further apart.
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๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ž์™€ ๋ชป ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์งˆ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
Yes, a lot of us think that people on the other side are idiots,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์— ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฉ์ฒญํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
08:48
but the people politically engaged enough to be yelling at each other about politics
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ •์น˜์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
08:54
are actually mostly the well-off.
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž˜ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํŽธ์— ์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
In fact, as inequality has grown in recent decades,
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ด ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋ฉด์„œ,
09:01
political interest and participation among the poor has plummeted.
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ €์†Œ๋“๊ณ„์ธต์˜ ์ •์น˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋Š” ๊ณค๋‘๋ฐ•์งˆ์ณค์–ด์š”.
09:06
Again, we see that people who feel left behind
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๋‚จ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋’ค์ฒ˜์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
09:09
aren't taking to the streets to protest or organize voter registration drives.
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋‚˜์™€ ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž ๋“ฑ๋ก์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
09:14
Often, they aren't even voting.
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํˆฌํ‘œ์กฐ์ฐจ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
Instead, they're turning away and dropping out.
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๊ทธ ๋Œ€์‹  ํ˜„ ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ์™ธ๋ฉดํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
So if we want to do something about extreme inequality,
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๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
09:25
we have to fix our politics.
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๋จผ์ € ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋กœ์žก์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
And if we want to fix our politics,
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์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋กœ์žก๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:29
we have to do something about inequality.
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๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
09:32
So what do we do?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
09:35
The wonderful thing about spirals
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๋‚˜์„ ํ˜•์ด ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
09:37
is that you can interrupt at any point in the cycle.
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์–ด๋Š ์ง€์ ์—์„œ๋‚˜ ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
I think our best bet starts with those of us
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์ตœ์„ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
09:45
who have benefited the most from inequality's rise,
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์‹ฌํ™”๋œ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์„œ์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
those of us who have done better than average.
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ํ‰๊ท  ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์š”.
09:53
If you've been successful,
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์„ฑ๊ณต ๊ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์˜จ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€,
09:55
it's natural to chalk up your success to your own hard work.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์—์„œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์˜ ์š”์ธ์„ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
But, like the studies I showed you,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
10:01
everybody does that,
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
whether or not it really was the hard work that mattered most.
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๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์ œ์ผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”๋ฐ๋„์š”.
10:10
Every successful person I know
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
10:12
can think of times when they worked hard and struggled to succeed.
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์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๊ณ ๊ตฐ๋ถ„ํˆฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
They can also think of times
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๋˜ํ•œ ์šด์ด ์ข‹์•˜๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
10:20
when they benefited from good luck or a helping hand
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋˜ ๋•Œ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
but that part is harder.
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์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์š”.
10:25
Psychologists Shai Davidai and Tom Gilovich
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์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž ์ƒค์ด ๋‹ค๋น„๋‹ค์ด์™€ ํ†ฐ ๊ธธ๋กœ๋น„์น˜๋Š”
10:28
call it the "headwind-tailwind asymmetry."
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์ด๋ฅผ "์—ญํ’๊ณผ ์ˆœํ’์˜ ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ์„ฑ"์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
When you're struggling against headwinds,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์—ญํ’์„ ๋งž์„ ๋•Œ
10:34
those obstacles are all you can see.
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์ž์‹ ์ด ๋งž๋‹ฅ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ญ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
It's what you notice and remember.
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๋‹น์žฅ์˜ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ๋งŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์ฃ .
10:40
But when the wind's at your back and everything's going your way,
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ๋’ค์—์„œ ๋ถˆ์–ด์˜ค๊ณ  ํŽผ์ณ์ง„ ๊ธธ์ด ์ˆœํƒ„ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด,
10:43
all you notice is yourself
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๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‚˜์˜ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์žฌ๋Šฅ๋งŒ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
and our own amazing talents.
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10:48
So we have to stop and think for a minute
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
10:51
to recognize those tailwinds helping us along.
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๋’ค์—์„œ ๋ถˆ์–ด์˜จ ์ˆœํ’์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์คฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
10:57
It's so easy to see what's wrong with people
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๋‚˜์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์‰ฌ์›Œ์š”.
10:59
who disagree with you.
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11:01
Some of you decided that I was an idiot in the first two minutes,
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๊ฐ•์—ฐ 2๋ถ„ ๋งŒ์— ์ ˆ ๋ฉ์ฒญ์ด๋กœ ๋ณด์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ด ํ•ด๋กญ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์š”.
11:04
because I said inequality was harmful.
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11:06
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:08
The hard part is to recognize
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์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ ์€
๋‚จ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ,
11:10
that if you were in a different position,
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11:12
you might see things differently,
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์‹คํ—˜ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
11:14
just like the subjects in our experiments.
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์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
11:19
So if you're in the above-average group in life --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด 'ํ‰๊ท  ์ด์ƒ'์˜ ๊ณ„์ธต์— ์†ํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:22
and if you're watching a TED talk, you most likely are --
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TED ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‹ˆ ํ‰๊ท  ์ด์ƒ์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ๋†’์€๋ฐ์š”,
11:24
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:26
then I leave you with this challenge:
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
the next time you're tempted to dismiss someone who disagrees with you
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๋‚˜์™€ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊นŽ์•„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์งˆ ๋•Œ๋ฉด,
11:33
as an idiot,
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๋ฉ์ฒญ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ„ํ•˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
11:34
think about the tailwinds that helped you get where you are.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋’ค์—์„œ ๋ถˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ˆœํ’์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
11:39
What lucky breaks did you get
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒ ์–ด๋–ค ํ–‰์šด์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
11:40
that might have turned out differently?
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์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฉดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰์šด์ด์˜ค.
11:43
What helping hands are you grateful for?
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๋Š˜ ๊ณ ๋ง™๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋„์›€์˜ ์†๊ธธ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
11:46
Recognizing those tailwinds gives us the humility we need
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์ˆœํ’์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฒธ์†ํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
to see that disagreeing with us doesn't make people idiots.
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์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฉ์ฒญ์ด๋กœ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
The real hard work is in finding common ground,
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
because it's the well-off who have the power
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๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๊ณ 
11:59
and the responsibility to change things.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:02
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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