Iqbal Quadir: The power of the mobile phone to end poverty

35,377 views ใƒป 2007-01-16

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Simon Park ๊ฒ€ํ† : Yeseul Park
00:25
I'll just take you to Bangladesh for a minute.
0
25000
3000
์ž ๊น ๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ๋กœ ๋ชจ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
Before I tell that story, we should ask ourselves the question:
1
67000
3000
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ „์— ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
Why does poverty exist?
2
70000
2000
๋นˆ๊ณค์€ ์™œ ๊ณ„์†๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:12
I mean, there is plenty of knowledge and scientific breakthroughs.
3
72000
5000
ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
We all live in the same planet,
4
77000
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•œ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:20
but there's still a great deal of poverty in the world.
5
80000
2000
์ด์„ธ์ƒ์—๋Š” ์•„์ง๋„ ๋นˆ๊ณค์ด ํŒฝ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
And I think -- so I want to throw a perspective that I have,
6
82000
4000
์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
so that we can assess this project, or any other project, for that matter,
7
86000
6000
์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ, ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋„, ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ์กฐ์žฅ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
01:33
to see whether it's contributing or --
8
93000
3000
๋˜๋Š” ํ‡ด์น˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ
01:36
contributing to poverty or trying to alleviate it.
9
96000
2000
ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ด ๋ณผ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
Rich countries have been sending aid to poor countries for the last 60 years.
10
98000
5000
๋ถ€์ž๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 60๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์›์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์™”์ง€๋งŒ,
01:43
And by and large, this has failed.
11
103000
3000
๋Œ€๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์‹คํŒจ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
And you can see this book,
12
106000
2000
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰์—์„œ 20๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•œ ์ €์ž๊ฐ€
01:48
written by someone who worked in the World Bank for 20 years,
13
108000
3000
์“ด ์ด ์ฑ…์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:51
and he finds economic growth in this country to be elusive.
14
111000
5000
๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ™˜์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
By and large, it did not work.
15
116000
3000
๋Œ€์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํŒจ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
So the question is, why is that?
16
119000
4000
ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€, ์™œ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์„ ๊นŒ์š”?
02:03
In my mind, there is something to learn from the history of Europe.
17
123000
5000
์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์œผ๋ก , ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
I mean, even here, yesterday I was walking across the street,
18
128000
4000
์ฆ‰, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„, ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์–ด์ œ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:12
and they showed three bishops were executed 500 years ago,
19
132000
4000
๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ธธ๊ฑด๋„ˆ์—์„œ 500๋…„์ „์— ์„ธ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ์ œ๋ฅผ
02:16
right across the street from here.
20
136000
2000
ํ•™์‚ดํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
So my point is, there's a lot of struggle has gone in Europe,
21
138000
4000
์ €์˜ ์ดˆ์ ์€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ํˆฌ์Ÿ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
where citizens were empowered by technologies.
22
142000
3000
๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ๋ฌด์žฅ์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
And they demanded authorities from --
23
145000
3000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
02:28
to come down from their high horses.
24
148000
3000
๋†’์€ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋‚ด๋ ค ์˜ค๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
And in the end, there's better bargaining
25
151000
3000
๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ž์™€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
02:34
between the authorities and citizens,
26
154000
3000
๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜, ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฐ„์— ๋” ์ข‹์€ ํƒ€ํ˜‘์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:37
and democracies, capitalism -- everything else flourished.
27
157000
3000
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋” ์ž˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
And so you can see, the real process of --
28
160000
3000
๋ณด๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ 500์ชฝ์˜ ์ฑ…์ด ๊ทธ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ
02:43
and this is backed up by this 500-page book --
29
163000
4000
๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋“ฏ์ด
02:47
that the authorities came down and citizens got up.
30
167000
5000
์ง€๋ฐฐ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด๋ ค ์™”๊ณ , ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ์ผ์–ด ์„ฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
But if you look, if you have that perspective,
31
172000
2000
๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:55
then you can see what happened in the last 60 years.
32
175000
3000
์ง€๋‚œ 60๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š” ์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
Aid actually did the opposite.
33
178000
3000
์›์กฐ๋Š” ์ • ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
It empowered authorities,
34
181000
1000
์›์กฐ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํž˜์„ ์‹ค์–ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ 
03:03
and, as a result, marginalized citizens.
35
183000
3000
๊ทธ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด๋ ฅํ™” ๋˜์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
The authorities did not have the reason to make economic growth happen
36
186000
3000
์ง€๋ฐฐ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์‹œํ‚ค์–ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€
03:09
so that they could tax people
37
189000
3000
์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘์–ด ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ํ‚ค์šธ
03:12
and make more money for to run their business.
38
192000
4000
์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
Because they were getting it from abroad.
39
196000
3000
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์™ธ๊ตญ ์›์กฐ๋กœ ์กฐ๋‹ฌ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
03:19
And in fact, if you see oil-rich countries,
40
199000
4000
์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์•„์ง ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€
03:23
where citizens are not yet empowered, the same thing goes --
41
203000
3000
์œ ๋ฅ˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ตญ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, all sorts of countries.
42
206000
3000
๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„, ์‚ฌ์šฐ๋”” ์•„๋ผ๋น„์•„๋“ฑ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ์ƒ‰์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด์š”.
03:29
Because the aid and oil or mineral money acts the same way.
43
209000
5000
์›์กฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€ํ•˜ ์ž์›์˜ ๋ˆ์€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ–‰๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
It empowers authorities, without activating the citizens --
44
214000
4000
๊ทธ๋ˆ์€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์œก์ฒด, ์ •์‹ , ์ง€๋Šฅ์˜ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋„์›€ ์—†์ด๋„
03:38
their hands, legs, brains, what have you.
45
218000
4000
์ง€๋ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
And if you agree with that, then I think the best way to improve these countries
46
222000
6000
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด๋ถ„์„์— ์ˆ˜๊ธ ํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
03:48
is to recognize that economic development is of the people,
47
228000
3000
๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜, ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ
03:51
by the people, for the people.
48
231000
3000
๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
And that is the real network effect.
49
234000
2000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํšจ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
If citizens can network and make themselves more organized and productive,
50
236000
4000
์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์„ ๋” ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด์–ด
04:00
so that their voices are heard,
51
240000
2000
๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์Œ์„ฑ์ด ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:02
so then things would improve.
52
242000
2000
์‚ฌ์ •์ด ๋‚˜์•„ ์งˆ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
And to contrast that, you can see the most important institution in the world,
53
244000
5000
์ด์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด์„œ, ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€, ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰์€
04:09
the World Bank, is an organization of the government,
54
249000
4000
์ •๋ถ€์˜, ์ •๋ถ€์—์˜ํ•œ, ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ
04:13
by the government, for the governments.
55
253000
3000
๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
Just see the contrast.
56
256000
2000
์ด์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:18
And that is the perspective I have, and then I can start my story.
57
258000
5000
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ €์˜ ๊ด€์ ์ด๊ณ , ์ด์ œ ์ œ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
Of course, how would you empower citizens?
58
263000
3000
๋ฌผ๋ก , ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํž˜์„ ์‹ค์–ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:26
There could be all sorts of technologies. And one is cell phones.
59
266000
2000
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํœด๋Œ€ ํฐ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
Recently "The Economist" recognized this,
60
268000
3000
์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ด์ฝ”๋…ธ๋ฏธ์ŠคํŠธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:31
but I stumbled upon the idea 12 years ago,
61
271000
5000
์ €๋Š” 12๋…„์ „์— ์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ์ ‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
04:36
and that's what I've been working on.
62
276000
3000
๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ์ผ์— ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
So 12 years ago, I was trying to be an investment banker in New York.
63
282000
3000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ 12๋…„์ „์— ์ €๋Š” ๋‰ด์š•์—์„œ ํˆฌ์ž ์€ํ–‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
We had -- quite a few our colleagues were connected by a computer network.
64
285000
7000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘, ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋™๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ช… ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
And we got more productive because we didn't have to exchange floppy disks;
65
293000
7000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ํ”Œ๋กœํ”ผ ๋””์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋˜์–ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ ฅ์ด ๋Š˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
05:00
we could update each other more often.
66
300000
4000
๋” ์ž์ฃผ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
But one time it broke down.
67
304000
2000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์— ์ด์ƒ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ๊ณ ,
05:06
And it reminded me of a day in 1971.
68
306000
4000
๊ทธ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด 1971๋…„์˜ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
There was a war going on in my country.
69
310000
4000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ „์Ÿ ์ค‘ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
And my family moved out of an urban place, where we used to live,
70
314000
3000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜
05:17
to a remote rural area where it was safer.
71
317000
4000
๋” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ณจ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
And one time my mother asked me to get some medicine for a younger sibling.
72
321000
3000
ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์€ ์ €์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋™์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•ฝ์„ ๊ตฌํ•ด ์˜ค๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
And I walked 10 miles or so, all morning, to get there, to the medicine man.
73
324000
7000
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์˜ค์ „ ๋‚ด๋‚ด 16 ํ‚ค๋กœ ์ •๋„ ๊ฑธ์–ด์„œ ์•ฝ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
And he wasn't there, so I walked all afternoon back.
74
331000
3000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋˜ ์˜คํ›„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๊ฑธ์–ด ๋Œ์•„ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
So I had another unproductive day.
75
334000
2000
๋˜ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์˜ ๋น„์ƒ์‚ฐ์  ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
So while I was sitting in a tall building in New York,
76
336000
3000
์ €๋Š” ๋‰ด์š•์˜ ๋†’์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์•ˆ์— ์•‰์•„์„œ
05:39
I put those two experiences together side by side,
77
339000
3000
์ด๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜์—ดํ•ด ๋†“๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์—ฌ
05:42
and basically concluded that connectivity is productivity --
78
342000
3000
์›์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
05:45
whether it's in a modern office or an underdeveloped village.
79
345000
5000
ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋ฏธ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋™๋„ค๋“ ์ง€ ๊ฐ„์—์š”.
05:50
So naturally, I -- the implication of that is
80
350000
3000
์ด ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์˜ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•œ ์ถ”๋ฆฌ๋Š”
05:53
that the telephone is a weapon against poverty.
81
353000
5000
์ „ํ™”๋Š” ๋นˆ๊ณค๊ณผ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
And if that's the case, then the question is
82
358000
2000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
06:00
how many telephones did we have at that time?
83
360000
4000
๊ทธ๋•Œ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡๋Œ€๋‚˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š๋ƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
And it turns out, that there was one telephone in Bangladesh
84
364000
5000
์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๋•Œ์— ๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ์—๋Š”
06:09
for every 500 people.
85
369000
2000
500 ๋ช…์— ์ „ํ™” 1๋Œ€์”ฉ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
And all those phones were in the few urban places.
86
371000
3000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋„์‹œ ๋ช‡๊ฐœ์—๋งŒ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
The vast rural areas, where 100 million people lived,
87
375000
3000
1์–ต ์ด์ƒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋„“์€ ์‹œ๊ณจ์—๋Š”
06:18
there were no telephones.
88
378000
3000
ํ•œ๋Œ€๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
So just imagine how many man-months or man-years are wasted,
89
381000
3000
์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋‚ญ๋น„ ํ–ˆ๋“œ์‹œ, ๋ช‡๋‹ฌ ๋ช‡ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€
06:24
just like I wasted a day.
90
384000
3000
์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:27
If you just multiply by 100 million people, let's say losing one day a month,
91
387000
3000
1์–ต์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๋‹ฌ์— ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋งŒ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:31
whatever, and you see a vast amount of resource wasted.
92
391000
4000
์–ผ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ž์›์„ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—์š”.
06:35
And after all, poor countries, like rich countries, one thing we've got equal,
93
395000
3000
๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ž๋‚˜๋ผ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€
06:38
is their days are the same length: 24 hours.
94
398000
3000
ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋Š” 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
So if you lose that precious resource,
95
401000
3000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋ถ€์ž๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ธ
06:44
where you are somewhat equal to the richer countries,
96
404000
3000
๊ทธ ๊ท€ํ•œ ์ž์›์„ ์žƒ์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
06:47
that's a huge waste.
97
407000
2000
์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์†์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
So I started looking for any evidence that --
98
410000
4000
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์ด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„
06:54
does connectivity really increase productivity?
99
414000
4000
์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
And I couldn't find much, really, but I found this graph produced by the ITU,
100
418000
4000
๋ณ„๋กœ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ œ๋„ค๋ฐ”์— ์žˆ๋Š”์„ธ๊ณ„ ํ†ต์‹  ์กฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ 
07:02
which is the International Telecommunication Union, based in Geneva.
101
422000
6000
๋„ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
They show an interesting thing.
102
428000
3000
ํฅ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
That you see, the horizontal axis is where you place your country.
103
431000
4000
๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค ์‹œํ”ผ, ์ˆ˜ํ‰์ถ•์— ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
So the United States or the UK would be here, outside.
104
435000
3000
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜๊ตญ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
And so the impact of one new telephone,
105
438000
3000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ง์ถ•์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ ํ•œ๋Œ€์˜
07:22
which is on the vertical axis, is very little.
106
442000
5000
์ถ”๊ฐ€์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฏธ์•ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
But if you come back to a poorer country, where the GNP per capita is,
107
447000
3000
๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ณณ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ, ์ผ์ธ๋‹น ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์ด
07:30
let's say, 500 dollars, or 300 dollars,
108
450000
3000
๋ฏธํ™” 500๋ถˆ ํ˜น์€ 300๋ถˆ์ธ๊ณณ์— ์˜ค๋ฉด
07:33
then the impact is huge: 6,000 dollars. Or 5,000 dollars.
109
453000
7000
๊ทธํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, 6์ฒœ๋ถˆ ํ˜น์€ 5์ฒœ๋ถˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
The question was,
110
460000
1000
์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
07:41
how much did it cost to install a new telephone in Bangladesh?
111
461000
4000
๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ์— ์ „ํ™” ํ•œ๋Œ€ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ์ธ๊ฐ€ ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
It turns out: 2,000 dollars.
112
465000
4000
๊ทธ๋‹ต์€ 2์ฒœ๋ถˆ ์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
So if you spend 2,000 dollars, and let's say the telephone lasts 10 years,
113
469000
3000
2์ฒœ๋ถˆ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด 10๋…„์ด๋ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:52
and if 5,000 dollars every year -- so that's 50,000 dollars.
114
472000
3000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งค๋…„ 5์ฒœ๋ถˆ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ, ์ด 5๋งŒ๋ถˆ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
So obviously this was a gadget to have.
115
475000
4000
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
And of course, if the cost of installing a telephone is going down,
116
479000
5000
๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํƒˆ ํ˜๋ช… ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
08:04
because there's a digital revolution going on,
117
484000
2000
์ „ํ™” ์„ค์น˜๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:06
then it would be even more dramatic.
118
486000
3000
๊ทธ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
And I knew a little economics by then --
119
490000
3000
๊ทธ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋„ ์ข€ ์•Œ๋•Œ๋ผ ...
08:13
it says Adam Smith taught us that specialization leads to productivity.
120
493000
3000
์•„๋‹ด ์Šค๋ฏธ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ฌธํ™”๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ ฅ์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
But how would you specialize?
121
496000
3000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ฌธํ™” ํ•˜์ง€์š”?
08:19
Let's say I'm a fisherman and a farmer.
122
499000
4000
๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ถ€๊ฒธ ๋†๋ถ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ • ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:23
And Chris is a fisherman farmer. Both are generalists.
123
503000
6000
ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„ ์–ด๋ถ€๊ฒธ ๋†๋ถ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜๋‹ค ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
So the point is that we could only -- the only way we could depend on each other,
124
509000
4000
์š”์ ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
08:33
is if we can connect with each other.
125
513000
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
And if we are neighbors, I could just walk over to his house.
126
516000
5000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์›ƒ์ง€๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ๊ทธ์ € ๊ทธ์˜ ์ง‘์— ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ,
08:41
But then we are limiting our economic sphere to something very small area.
127
521000
4000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ™œ๋™ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ•œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
But in order to expand that, you need a river,
128
525000
3000
๊ทธ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋˜์ง€,
08:48
or you need a highway, or you need telephone lines.
129
528000
2000
๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ, ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ™”์ค„์ด ํ•„์š” ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
But in any event, it's connectivity that leads to dependability.
130
530000
5000
์—ฌํ•˜ํŠผ ๊ฐ„์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ง€์›์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ 
08:55
And that leads to specialization.
131
535000
2000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „๋ฌธํ™”๋กœ ์ธ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
That leads to productivity.
132
537000
2000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ...
08:59
So the question was, I started looking at this issue,
133
539000
4000
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ์™€ ๋‰ด์š•์„ ์˜ค๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ
09:03
and going back and forth between Bangladesh and New York.
134
543000
2000
์ด๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
There were a lot of reasons people told me
135
545000
4000
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์™œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ˆซ์ž์˜ ์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š”์ง€๋Š”
09:09
why we don't have enough telephones.
136
549000
3000
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
And one of them is the lacking buying power.
137
552000
2000
๊ทธ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ ฅ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
Poor people apparently don't have the power to buy.
138
554000
3000
๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ตฌ๋งค ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง€์š”.
09:17
But the point is, if it's a production tool, why do we have to worry about that?
139
557000
3000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋ผ๋ฉด ์™œ ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:20
I mean, in America, people buy cars,
140
560000
3000
์ œ๋ง์€, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€
09:23
and they put very little money down.
141
563000
3000
๊ธˆ์•ก์˜ ๋‹ค์šดํŽ˜์ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
They get a car, and they go to work.
142
566000
3000
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ , ์ผํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
The work pays them a salary;
143
569000
3000
์ผ์€ ์ˆ˜์ž…์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ณ 
09:32
the salary allows them to pay for the car over time.
144
572000
3000
๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์ž…์œผ๋กœ ์„œ์„œํžˆ ์ฐจ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ง€๋ถˆ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
The car pays for itself.
145
575000
1000
์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ฒ„๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ง€์š”.
09:36
So if the telephone is a production tool,
146
576000
3000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ, ์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ผ๋ฉด
09:39
then we don't quite have to worry about the purchasing power.
147
579000
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
And of course, even if that's true, then what about initial buying power?
148
582000
5000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„, ์ฒ˜์Œ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ ฅ์€ ์–ด๋””์„œ ์˜ค์ง€์š”?
09:47
So then the question is, why can't we have some kind of shared access?
149
587000
5000
๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€, ์™œ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์—†์„๊นŒ์š”?
09:52
In the United States, we have -- everybody needs a banking service,
150
592000
4000
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์€ํ–‰ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
09:56
but very few of us are trying to buy a bank.
151
596000
3000
๊ทน์†Œ์ˆ˜๋งŒ์ด ์€ํ–‰์„ ์‚ฌ๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
So it's -- a bank tends to serve a whole community.
152
599000
4000
์ฆ‰ ์€ํ–‰์€ ๋™๋„ค์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
So we could do that for telephones.
153
603000
3000
์ „ํ™”๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
And also people told me that we have a lot of important primary needs to meet:
154
606000
5000
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ์กฑ ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‚ฌํ•ญ ์ฆ‰
10:11
food, clothing, shelter, whatever.
155
611000
3000
์˜์‹์ฃผ์˜ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
But again, it's very paternalistic.
156
614000
2000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ ๊ฐ€๋ถ€์žฅ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
You should be raising income
157
616000
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ• ์ผ์€ ์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
10:19
and let people decide what they want to do with their money.
158
619000
4000
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž๊ธฐ๋ˆ์„ ์–ด๋””๋‹ค ์“ธ๋Ÿฐ์ง€๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
But the real problem is the lack of other infrastructures.
159
624000
3000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํ•„์š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋“ค์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
See, you need some kind of infrastructure to bring a new thing.
160
627000
5000
์•„์‹œ๋‹ค ์‹œํ”ผ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
For instance, the Internet was booming in the U.S.
161
632000
3000
ํ•œ์˜ˆ๋กœ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•œ๊ฒƒ์€,
10:35
because there were -- there were people who had computers.
162
635000
3000
์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
They had modems.
163
638000
2000
๋ชจ๋Ž€๋„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๊ตฌ์š”.
10:40
They had telephone lines, so it's very easy to bring in a new idea, like the Internet.
164
640000
4000
์ „ํ™”์„ ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋„์ž… ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
But that's what's lacking in a poor country.
165
644000
3000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์—๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
So for example, we didn't have ways to have credit checks,
166
647000
2000
ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์‹ ์šฉ๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
10:49
few banks to collect bills, etc.
167
649000
5000
์š”๊ธˆ์„ ์ง•์ˆ˜ํ•  ์€ํ–‰๋„ ์ ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
But that's why I noticed Grameen Bank, which is a bank for poor people,
168
654000
3000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฏผ ์€ํ–‰์€ 1,100๊ฐœ์˜ ์ง€์ , 12,000 ๋ช…์˜ ์ง์›
10:57
and had 1,100 branches, 12,000 employees, 2.3 million borrowers.
169
657000
7000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2๋ฐฑ 30๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๊ธฐ์— ์ €์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
And they had these branches.
170
664000
2000
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€์ ๋ง์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
I thought I could put cell towers and create a network.
171
666000
5000
์ €๋Š” ๋ฌด์„  ์ „ํ™” ์ค‘๊ณ„ํƒ‘์„ ์„ธ์›Œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
And anyway, to cut the time short -- so I started --
172
671000
4000
์—ฌํ•˜ํŠผ ๊ฐ„์— ์‹œ์ž‘ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
I first went to them and said,
173
675000
3000
์šฐ์„  ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์„œ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
"You know, perhaps I could connect all your branches and make you more efficient."
174
678000
3000
"์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ง€์ ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด์„œ ๋” ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
11:21
But you know, they have, after all, evolved in a country without telephones,
175
681000
4000
์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๊ทธ ์€ํ–‰์€ ์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์กฐ์ง๋˜์–ด์„œ
11:25
so they are decentralized. I mean, of course there might be other good reasons,
176
685000
5000
๋ถ„์‚ฐ์  ์กฐ์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
11:30
but this was one of the reasons -- they had to be.
177
690000
2000
์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด์œ ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
And so they were not that interested to connect all their branches,
178
692000
4000
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์ ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ผ์—
11:36
and then to be -- and rock the boat.
179
696000
2000
๋ณ„๋กœ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
So I started focusing. What is it that they really do?
180
698000
4000
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ์ง‘์ค‘ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
So what happens is that somebody borrows money from the bank.
181
702000
3000
์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์€, ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์€ํ–‰์—์„œ ๋ˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
She typically buys a cow. The cow gives milk.
182
705000
4000
๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์ –์†Œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ณ , ์†Œ๋Š” ์šฐ์œ ๋ฅผ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
And she sells the milk to the villagers, and pays off the loan.
183
709000
4000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์šฐ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋™๋„ค์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํŒ”์•„์„œ ๋นš์„ ๊ฐš์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
And this is a business for her, but it's milk for everybody else.
184
713000
5000
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด๊ณ , ์ฃผ์œ„์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์šฐ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
And suddenly I realized that a cell phone could be a cow.
185
718000
2000
์ €๋Š” ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ –์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
Because some way she could borrow 200 dollars from the bank,
186
720000
4000
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋˜์ง€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์€ํ–‰์—์„œ $200์„ ๋นŒ๋ ค
12:04
get a phone and have the phone for everybody.
187
724000
3000
์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ชจ๋“ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
And it's a business for her.
188
727000
3000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
So I wrote to the bank, and they thought for a while, and they said,
189
730000
4000
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์€ํ–‰์— ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์–ผ๋งˆ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ ํ›„์— ์—‰๋šฑํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
12:14
"It's a little crazy, but logical.
190
734000
2000
๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
If you think it can be done, come and make it happen."
191
736000
4000
"์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์™€์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”." ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
12:20
So I quit my job; I went back to Bangladesh.
192
740000
3000
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ์ง์žฅ์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๊ณ , ๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
I created a company in America called Gonofone,
193
743000
3000
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— "๊ณ ๋…ธํฐ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์› ๋Š”๋ฐ,.
12:26
which in Bengali means "people's phone."
194
746000
3000
๋ฒต๊ฐˆ๋ผ ๋ง๋กœ๋Š” "๋ฏผ์ค‘ ์ „ํ™”" ๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
And angel investors in America put in money into that.
195
749000
2000
์ฒœ์‚ฌ๊ฐ™์€ ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
12:31
I flew around the world.
196
751000
2000
์ €๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ณ์๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
After about a million -- I mean, I got rejected from lots of places,
197
753000
3000
๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋งˆ์ผํ›„์— - ๋งŽ์€๊ณณ์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
12:36
because I was not only trying to go to a poor country,
198
756000
3000
๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ, ๊ทธ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„
12:39
I was trying to go to the poor of the poor country.
199
759000
2000
๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
12:41
After about a million miles, and a meaningful --
200
761000
4000
๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋งˆ์ผ์˜ ์—ฌํ–‰๊ณผ, ๋˜ ์ƒ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰์˜
12:45
a substantial loss of hair, I eventually put together a consortium, and --
201
765000
3000
๋จธ๋ผ์นด๋ฝ์„ ์žƒ์€ํ›„, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํŒ€์„ ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
12:48
which involved the Norwegian telephone company,
202
768000
4000
๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด ์ „ํ™”ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
12:52
which provided the know-how,
203
772000
3000
๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ 
12:55
and the Grameen Bank provided the infrastructure to spread the service.
204
775000
6000
๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฏผ ์€ํ–‰์ด ๊ทธ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:01
To make the story short, here is the coverage of the country.
205
781000
4000
๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์ง€์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:05
You can see it's pretty much covered.
206
785000
3000
๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ค ์ปค๋ฒ„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:08
Even in Bangladesh, there are some empty places.
207
788000
3000
๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ์—๋„ ๋น„์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ง€์—ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:11
But we are also investing around another 300 million dollars this year
208
791000
4000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธˆ๋…„์—๋งŒ๋„ ์•ฝ 2์–ต๋ถˆ์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•ด์„œ
13:15
to extend that coverage.
209
795000
3000
์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:20
Now, about that cow model I talked about.
210
800000
3000
์ด์ œ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ๋กœ๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ์ –์†Œ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:23
There are about 115,000 people who are retailing telephone services
211
803000
6000
์•ฝ 11๋งŒ 5์ฒœ๋ช…์˜ ์ „ํ™” ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์†Œ๋งค์ƒ๋“ค์ด
13:29
in their neighborhoods.
212
809000
2000
์ž๊ธฐ ๋™๋„ค์—์„œ ์žฅ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:31
And it's serving 52,000 villages, which represent about 80 million people.
213
811000
6000
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 5๋งŒ2์ฒœ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋™๋„ค์—์„œ 8์ฒœ๋งŒ์˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์„ ์ƒ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
And these phones are generating
214
817000
4000
์ด ์ „ํ™”๋“ค์€ ๋…„๊ฐ„
13:41
about 100 million dollars for the company.
215
821000
3000
1์–ต๋ถˆ์˜ ๋งค์ถœ์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
And two dollars profit per entrepreneur per day, which is like 700 dollars per year.
216
824000
5000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์†Œ๋งค์ƒ ์ผ์ธ๋‹น ๋งค์ผ 2๋ถˆ, ์ผ๋…„์— 700๋ถˆ์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
And of course, it's very beneficial in a lot of ways.
217
833000
2000
๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:55
It increases income, improves welfare, etc.
218
835000
3000
์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒํ™œ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ..
13:58
And the result is, right now, this company is the largest telephone company,
219
838000
4000
๊ทธ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ดํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ตœ๋Œ€์˜ ์ „ํ™” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋กœ
14:02
with 3.5 million subscribers,
220
842000
3000
350๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:05
115,000 of these phones I talked about --
221
845000
2000
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ 11๋งŒ 5์ฒœ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€
14:07
that produces about a third of the traffic in the network.
222
847000
5000
์ „์ฒด ํ†ตํ™”์˜ 3๋ถ„์˜ 1์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
And 2004, the net profit, after taxes --
223
852000
4000
2004๋…„์— ์„ธ๊ธˆํ›„ ์ˆœ์ด์ต์€,
14:16
very serious taxes -- was 120 million dollars.
224
856000
4000
์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์„ธ๊ธˆํ›„, 1์–ต 2์ฒœ๋งŒ๋ถˆ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
And the company contributed about 190 million dollars to the government coffers.
225
860000
5000
๋˜ ์ดํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ณ ์— ์•ฝ 1์–ต 9์ฒœ๋งŒ๋ถˆ์˜ ์žฌ์›์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:26
And again, here are some of the lessons.
226
866000
2000
์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตํ›ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:28
"The government needs to provide economically viable services."
227
868000
2000
"์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค."
14:30
Actually, this is an instance where private companies can provide that.
228
870000
3000
์ด๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ทธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:33
"Governments need to subsidize private companies."
229
873000
3000
"์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๋ณด์กฐํ•ด ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค."
14:36
This is what some people think.
230
876000
2000
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:38
And actually, private companies help governments with taxes.
231
878000
3000
์‚ฌ์‹ค์€, ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์„ธ๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋•์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:41
"Poor people are recipients."
232
881000
2000
"๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ์ž๋‹ค."
14:43
Poor people are a resource.
233
883000
3000
๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์› ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:46
"Services cost too much for the poor."
234
886000
2000
"๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค."
14:48
Their involvement reduces the cost.
235
888000
4000
๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:52
"The poor are uneducated and cannot do much."
236
892000
3000
"๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ชป๋ฐ›์•„์„œ, ๋ณ„๋กœ ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†๋‹ค."
14:55
They are very eager learners and very capable survivors.
237
895000
3000
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ์กด์ž๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:58
I've been very surprised.
238
898000
2000
์ €๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:00
Most of them learn how to operate a telephone within a day.
239
900000
3000
๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋ฃจ์•ˆ์— ์ „ํ™” ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ„ฐ๋“ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
"Poor countries need aid."
240
903000
3000
"๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์›์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค."
15:06
Businesses -- this one company has raised the --
241
906000
3000
๊ธฐ์—… - ์ด ํ•œํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€,
15:09
if the ideal figures are even five percent true, this one company
242
909000
5000
์ด ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ 5% ๋งŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ดํšŒ์‚ฌ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€
15:14
is raising the GNP of the country much more than the aid the country receives.
243
914000
5000
๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ GNP๋ฅผ ์›์กฐ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ธˆ์•ก ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:19
And as I was trying to show you, as far as I'm concerned,
244
919000
3000
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค ํ–ˆ๋˜, ์ฆ‰ ์ œ ์†Œ๊ฒฌ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”,
15:22
aid does damages because it removes the government from its citizens.
245
922000
5000
์›์กฐ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:27
And this is a new project I have with Dean Kamen, the famous inventor in America.
246
927000
4000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€ ๋”˜ ์ผ€์ด๋จผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:31
He has produced some power generators,
247
931000
3000
๋”˜์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
15:34
which we are now doing an experiment in Bangladesh,
248
934000
4000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ์—์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์ค‘์ธ๋ฐ,
15:38
in two villages where cow manure is producing biogas,
249
938000
3000
๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ฝ์—์„œ ์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
15:41
which is running these generators.
250
941000
4000
๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:45
And each of these generators is selling electricity to 20 houses each.
251
945000
3000
๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ 20 ๊ฐ€์ •์— ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰, ํŒ๋งค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:48
It's just an experiment.
252
948000
4000
ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
We don't know how far it will go,
253
952000
1000
์–ด๋””๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐˆ๋Ÿฐ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
15:53
but it's going on.
254
953000
2000
์‹คํ—˜ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:55
Thank you.
255
955000
1000
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7