How the compass unlocked the world | Small Thing Big Idea, a TED series

231,957 views ใƒป 2020-01-08

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Transcriber: TED Translators admin Reviewer: Camille Martรญnez
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: hae rim Yang ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:12
Growing up in Missouri,
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๋ฏธ์ฃผ๋ฆฌ์ฃผ์—์„œ ํฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:13
they would kind of take us out into the woods,
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์–ด๋ฅธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ˆฒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ
00:16
and they would give you a map, and they would give you a compass,
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์ง€๋„์™€ ๋‚˜์นจ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋‹ค์Œ
00:19
and you had to find your way home.
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์ง‘์„ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
And without the compass,
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๋‚˜์นจ๋ฐ˜์ด ์—†์ด๋Š”
00:22
you can't even read the map.
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์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜์กฐ์ฐจ ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ .
00:24
That's what I'm here to tell you.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
00:25
The compass is the key.
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๋‚˜์นจ๋ฐ˜์ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
[Small thing.]
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[์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ]
00:28
[Big idea.]
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[ํฐ ์˜๋ฏธ]
00:32
A compass is most simply a piece of metal that has been magnetized,
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๋‚˜์นจ๋ฐ˜์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ทธ์ € ์ž์„ฑ์„ ๋ค ์ž‘์€ ๊ธˆ์† ์กฐ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
so that it will turn towards the Earth's magnetic pole.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์›€์ง์ด์ฃ .
00:40
The one that we all think of is the pocket compass.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ†ต ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ํœด๋Œ€์šฉ ๋‚˜์นจ๋ฐ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
It looks like a watch, right?
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์‹œ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์ฃ ?
00:45
You can hold it in your hand
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์†์— ๋“ค๊ณ ์„œ
00:46
and watch the little needle bounce around
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๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋ฐ”๋Š˜์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
00:49
until you find north.
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๋ถ์ชฝ์„ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
00:50
Magnetism is still a pretty mysterious force to physicists,
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ ฅ์€ ์•„์ง๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ํž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
but what we do know for sure is that a compass works
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฑด
์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํฐ ์ž์„์ด๋ผ์„œ ๋‚˜์นจ๋ฐ˜์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
because the Earth is this giant magnet.
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01:00
And when you use a compass,
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๋‚˜์นจ๋ฐ˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
01:01
you are in touch with the very center of our planet,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
where this kind of roiling ball of molten iron
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๋…น์€ ์ฒ ๋กœ ๋œ ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด
01:09
is spinning around and creating a magnetic field.
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๋น™๋น™ ๋Œ๋ฉด์„œ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
Just like a magnet you can play with on your tabletop,
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์ฑ…์ƒ ์œ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋Š” ์ž์„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
01:15
it has a north pole and a south pole,
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๋ถ๊ทน๊ณผ ๋‚จ๊ทน์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
01:16
and we use compasses to find our way north because of that fact.
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๋‚˜์นจ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ์ชฝ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
The earliest known compass comes from about 200 BC in China.
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๋‚˜์นจ๋ฐ˜์€ ๊ธฐ์›์ „ 200๋…„๊ฒฝ ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
They figured out that some of the metal coming out of the ground
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋•…์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ธˆ์† ์ค‘ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
01:29
was naturally magnetic,
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์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์„ฑ์„ ๋ ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
and so they fashioned this magnetized metal
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์ด ์ž๊ธฐํ™”๋œ ๊ธˆ์†์„ ๋‹ค๋“ฌ์–ด
01:33
into this kind of ladle-looking thing,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ตญ์ž ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
01:34
put it on a brass plate
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๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ํŒ ์œ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋†“์œผ๋ฉด
01:36
and then it would point north.
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๋ถ์ชฝ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ์ผฐ์ฃ .
01:37
It seems to have been primarily used to improve feng shui,
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์ฃผ๋กœ ํ’์ˆ˜์ง€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚˜์นจ๋ฐ˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
so they could figure out what was the best way for energy to flow
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ™œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
01:44
through their living spaces.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์“ด ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:46
Sailors were probably the early adopters
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ํ•ญํ•ด๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์•„๋งˆ ํœด๋Œ€์šฉ ๋‚˜์นจ๋ฐ˜์˜
01:48
of the more portable versions of it,
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
01:51
because no matter where the sun was,
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ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์„œ ๋œจ๋“ 
01:52
no matter what the condition of the stars were,
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๋ณ„์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋– ํ•˜๋“ 
01:55
they would always be able to find north.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ถ์ชฝ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
01:57
Now, much later, the Europeans are the ones who innovate
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ํ›„์— ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ธ๋“ค์ด ํ˜์‹ ํ•˜์—ฌ
02:00
and come up with the compass rose.
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๋‚˜์นจ๋„๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋‚ด์ฃ .
02:02
It essentially laid out
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ
02:03
what north, south, east and west looked like,
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๋™์„œ๋‚จ๋ถ์ด ์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์ธ์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค˜์„œ
02:06
and it also enabled you to kind of create new directions,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
like northwest, southeast, what have you.
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์ด๋ฅผํ…Œ๋ฉด ์„œ๋ถ, ๋™๋‚จ์ชฝ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์š”.
02:12
And for the first time, they knew where they were going.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋””๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
That's kind of a big deal.
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์ •๋ง ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
02:17
But also, I think it was part of this general reinvigoration
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๋Š”
์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
of European science.
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02:22
You might know it as the Renaissance.
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์•„๋งˆ ๋ฅด๋„ค์ƒ์Šค ์‹œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
02:24
Lots of new tools were invented,
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๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ๊นŒ์ง€
02:26
from the telescope to the microscope.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
Maps got better because of compasses, right?
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๋‚˜์นจ๋ฐ˜ ๋•๋ถ„์— ์ง€๋„๋“ค์ด ๋”์šฑ๋” ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์กŒ์ฃ .
02:31
Because then you start to understand which direction is which,
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์ด์ œ ์–ด๋””๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋”˜์ง€ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ
02:34
you get a lot more detail,
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์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:35
and that just kind of changes
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€
02:37
the human relationship to the world.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
The compass with a map is like a superpower.
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์ง€๋„์™€ ๋‚˜์นจ๋ฐ˜์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํž˜์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
Everything that we think of as world history
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—ญ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
02:45
would not have taken place without the compass:
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๋‚˜์นจ๋ฐ˜์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
02:47
the age of exploration, Magellan circumnavigating the globe,
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ํƒํ—˜์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€, ๋งˆ์ ค๋ž€์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ผ์ฃผ์™€
02:51
even the fact that we know it is a globe.
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์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ฅ๊ธ€๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊นŒ์ง€๋„์š”.
02:53
The compass ends up getting embedded in all these other tools,
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๋‚˜์นจ๋ฐ˜์€ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:57
because it is such a functional object.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋„๊ตฌ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
So you might have it embedded in your multi-tool,
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๋‚˜์นจ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‹ค๋ชฉ์  ๋„๊ตฌ๋‚˜
03:02
you might have it embedded in your phone.
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ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์—๋„ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:04
The compass is everywhere,
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๋‚˜์นจ๋ฐ˜์€ ์–ด๋””์—๋“  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
because it's literally how we find our way across the face of the Earth.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ธธ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
03:09
So you can go off and explore,
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๋– ๋‚˜๋ฒ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„, ํƒํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
and find out what is over that next hill or that next horizon,
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์ € ์–ธ๋• ๋„ˆ๋จธ์— ํ˜น์€ ์ง€ํ‰์„  ๋’ค์— ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ผ ๊ฑฐ๊ณ ์š”.
03:15
but you can also reliably find your way home.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ๋„ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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