Go Ahead, Dream About the Future | Charlie Jane Anders | TED

119,592 views ใƒป 2020-04-20

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: YoonJu Mangione ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
Every science fiction writer
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณต์ƒ ๊ณผํ•™ ์†Œ์„ค ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค์€
00:15
has a story about a time when the future arrived too soon.
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋‹ฅ์ณ์˜จ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
I have a lot of those stories.
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์ €๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์ผ์–ด์š”.
00:23
Like, OK, for example:
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
00:24
years ago, I was writing a story where the government
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๋ช‡๋…„ ์ „, ์ €๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฃฝ์ด๋Š”
00:28
starts using drones to kill people.
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์†Œ์„ค์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
I thought that this was a really intense, futuristic idea,
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๋‹น์‹œ ์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฝค ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:37
but by the time the story was published,
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์ œ ์†Œ์„ค์ด ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋  ๋•Œ ์ฏค์—๋Š”
00:40
the government was already using drones to kill people.
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์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์‚ด์ƒ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋ก ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
Our world is changing so fast,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ธ‰๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
00:47
and there's a kind of accelerating feedback loop
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์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ฌ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š”
00:49
where technological change and social change feed on each other.
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ฐ€์† ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ๋ฃจํ”„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
When I was a kid in the 1980s,
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1980๋…„, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ์—๋Š”
00:56
we knew what the future was going to look like.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ผ์ง€ ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ .
01:00
It was going to be some version of "Judge Dredd" or "Blade Runner."
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"์ €์ง€ ๋“œ๋ ˆ๋“œ"๋‚˜ "๋ธ”๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ ๋Ÿฌ๋„ˆ"๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชจ์Šต์ผ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:05
It was going to be neon megacities and flying vehicles.
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๋ฐ˜์ง์ด๋Š” ํฐ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‚ ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋“ค์ด์š”.
01:10
But now, nobody knows what the world is going to look like
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋‹จ 1,2๋…„ ํ›„์˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต๋„ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
01:13
even in just a couple years,
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01:15
and there are so many scary apparitions lurking on the horizon.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜ํ‰์„  ๋„ˆ๋จธ๋กœ ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ์œ ๋ น๋“ค์ด ๋„˜์‹ค๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
01:19
From climate catastrophe to authoritarianism,
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๊ธฐํ›„ ์žฌํ•ด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ๊ถŒ์œ„์ฃผ์˜,
01:23
everybody is obsessed with apocalypses,
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ์ข…๋ง์— ์ง‘์ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ 
01:27
even though the world ends all the time, and we keep going.
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์„ธ์ƒ์ด ๋ฉธ๋ง ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๊ณ„์† ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์ฃ .
01:31
Don't be afraid to think about the future, to dream about the future,
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฟˆ๊พธ๊ณ 
01:35
to write about the future.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
01:37
I've found it really liberating and fun to do that.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ์ผ์ด๊ณ  ์ €๋ฅผ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
It's a way of vaccinating yourself
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋‹ฅ์ณ ์˜ฌ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
01:44
against the worst possible case of future shock.
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์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ์ ‘์ข…์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
01:48
It's also a source of empowerment,
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๋˜ ๊ถŒํ•œ ๋ถ€์—ฌ์˜ ์›์ฒœ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ด์š”.
01:50
because you cannot prepare for something that you haven't already visualized.
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์ด๋ฏธ ์˜ˆ๊ฒฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
01:55
But there's something that you need to know.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์…”์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
You don't predict the future;
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”.
02:00
you imagine the future.
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์ƒ์ƒํ•  ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
02:04
So as a science fiction writer
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ํ›„
02:05
whose stories often take place years or even centuries from now,
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๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ํ›„์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ณต์ƒ ๊ณผํ•™ ์†Œ์„ค๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ
02:10
I've found that people are really hungry for visions of the future
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ˜•ํ˜•์ƒ‰์ƒ‰์ด๋ฉด์„œ๋„
๋น› ๋ฐ”๋žœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์— ๋ชฉ๋ง๋ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”.
02:14
that are both colorful and lived in,
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02:18
but I found that research on its own is not enough to get me there.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
Instead, I use a mixture of active dreaming
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Œ€์‹  ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ชฝ์ƒ๊ณผ
02:25
and awareness of cutting-edge trends in science and technology
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์ตœ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹,
02:29
and also insight into human history.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ์„ž์–ด์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
I think a lot about what I know of human nature
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
02:35
and the way that people have responded in the past to huge changes
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ๊ฒฉ๋™๊ณผ ๋ณ€ํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
02:39
and upheavals and transformations.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€์‘์„ ์ž์ฃผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
And I pair that with an attention to detail,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์„ธ์„ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ
02:46
because the details are where we live.
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๊ทธ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ณง ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
02:49
We tell the story of our world through the tools we create
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ๋„๊ตฌ์™€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
02:53
and the spaces that we live in.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์จ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
And at this point, it's helpful to know a couple of terms
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์ด ์ฏค ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ณต์ƒ ๊ณผํ•™ ์†Œ์„ค๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋Š˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
02:59
that science fiction writers use all of the time:
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์šฉ์–ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‘๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
03:02
"future history" and "second-order effects."
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"๋ฏธ๋ž˜์‚ฌ"์™€ "2์ฐจ ํšจ๊ณผ"์š”.
03:07
Now, future history is basically just what it sounds like.
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"๋ฏธ๋ž˜์‚ฌ"๋Š” ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ˆ์š”.
03:10
It is a chronology of things that haven't happened yet,
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์•„์ง ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ผ๋“ค์˜ ์—ฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์ฃ .
03:13
like Robert A. Heinlein's famous story cycle,
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๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ A. ํ•˜์ธ๋ผ์ธ์˜ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
03:17
which came with a detailed chart of upcoming events
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2100๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๋Š”
03:20
going up into the year 2100.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ์„ธ์„ธํžˆ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์š”.
03:22
Or, for my most recent novel,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด, ์ €์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์†Œ์„ค์—์„œ๋Š”
03:25
I came up with a really complicated time line
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์•„์ฃผ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์—ฐ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:27
that goes all the way to the 33rd century
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33์„ธ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•ž์„œ ๊ฐ€์„œ
03:30
and ends with people living on another planet.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰์„ฑ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
Meanwhile, a second-order effect is basically the kind of thing
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ํ•œํŽธ 2์ฐจ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑด
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฉ๋ณ€์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
03:40
that happens after the consequences of a new technology or a huge change.
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03:45
There's a saying often attributed to writer and editor Frederik Pohl
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์ž‘๊ฐ€์ด์ž ํŽธ์ง‘์ž์ธ ํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ๋ฆญ ํด์ด ํ•œ ๋ง์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:51
that "A good science fiction story
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"์ข‹์€ ๊ณต์ƒ ๊ณผํ•™ ์†Œ์„ค์€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
03:53
should predict not just the invention of the automobile,
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03:56
but also the traffic jam."
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๊ตํ†ต ์ฒด์ฆ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์˜ˆ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
And speaking of traffic jams,
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๊ตํ†ต ์ฒด์ฆ ์–˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™€์„œ ๋ง์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
04:01
I spent a lot of time trying to picture the city of the future.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋„์‹œ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
What's it like? What's it made of?
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ผ๊นŒ? ๋ญ˜๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
04:08
Who's it for?
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ?
04:09
I try to picture a green city with vertical farms
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์„ธ๋กœ๋กœ ๋œ ๋†์žฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ดˆ๋ก์ƒ‰ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋ณด๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
and structures that are partially grown rather than built
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์ง€์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ž๋ผ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค,
04:19
and walkways instead of streets,
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์ฐจ๋„ ๋Œ€์‹  ์‚ฐ์ฑ…๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์š”.
04:22
because nobody gets around by car anymore --
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๋”์ด์ƒ ์ฐจ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๋ผ์„œ์š”.
04:25
a city that lives and breathes.
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์‚ด์•„ ์ˆจ์‰ฌ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์š”.
04:29
And, you know, I kind of start by daydreaming the wildest stuff
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ
์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—‰๋šฑํ•œ ๊ณต์ƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€
04:34
that I can possibly come up with,
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04:36
and then I go back into research mode,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชจ๋“œ๋กœ ๋Œ์ž…ํ•ด์„œ
04:38
and I try to make it as plausible as I can
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์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๋“ฏ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
by looking at a mixture of urban futurism, design porn
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๋„์‹œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ฃผ์˜, ๋””์ž์ธ,
04:46
and technological speculation.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํˆฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ์„ž์–ด์„œ์š”.
04:48
And then I go back, and I try to imagine what it would actually be like
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์„  ๊ทธ ๋„์‹œ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
to be inside that city.
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04:55
So my process kind of begins and ends with imagination,
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๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ์ƒ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:00
and it's like my imagination is two pieces of bread
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์ œ ์ƒ์ƒ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ƒŒ๋“œ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”
05:04
in a research sandwich.
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๋นต ๋‘ ์กฐ๊ฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
05:07
So as a storyteller, first and foremost,
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์ž‘๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค
05:11
I try to live in the world through the eyes of my characters
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋“ฑ์žฅ์ธ๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ๋ˆˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์‚ด์•„๋ณด๋ ค ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:14
and try to see how they navigate their own personal challenges
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ธ ์„ธ์ƒ ์†์—์„œ
๊ทธ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๋‚œ๊ด€์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ—ค์ณ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
in the context of the space that I've created.
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05:20
What do they smell? What do they touch?
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ๋งก์„๊นŒ? ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งŒ์งˆ๊นŒ?
05:23
What's it like to fall in love inside a smart city?
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์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์— ๋น ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฑธ๊นŒ?
05:27
What do you see when you look out your window,
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์ฐฝ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ,
05:29
and does it depend on how the window's software interacts with your mood?
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์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚ด์žฅ๋œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ์ฝ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š๋ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ๊นŒ?
05:33
And finally, I ask myself how a future brilliant city
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ด ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
05:37
would ensure that nobody is homeless and nobody slips through the cracks.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ์ง‘์„ ์žƒ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ํ• ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
And here's where future history comes in handy,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์“ธ๋ชจ ์žˆ์–ด์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
05:45
because cities don't just spring up overnight like weeds.
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๋„์‹œ๋ผ๋Š”๊ฑด ๊ฐ„๋ฐค์˜ ์žก์ดˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‘ฅ์‘ฅ ์ž๋ผ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:48
They arise and transform.
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๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋˜๊ณ  ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:51
They bear the scars and ornaments of wars, migrations,
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์ „์Ÿ, ์ด๋ฏผ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ, ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๊ฐ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ
05:57
economic booms, cultural awakenings.
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ํ‰ํ„ฐ์™€ ์žฅ์‹์„ ๊ฐ„์งํ•˜์ฃ .
06:00
A future city should have monuments, yeah,
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ธฐ๋…๋น„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
06:02
but it should also have layers of past architecture,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ๊ณผ
06:06
repurposed buildings
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์žฌ๊ฑด์ถ•๋œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค,
06:08
and all of the signs of how we got to this place.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ค๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ํ”์ ์ด ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
06:12
And then there's second-order effects,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2์ฐจ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
06:14
like how do things go wrong -- or right --
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์ผ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜๊ณ  ์ž˜ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€,
06:18
in a way that nobody ever anticipated?
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ์š”.
06:21
Like, if the walls of your apartment are made out of a kind of fungus
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๋ฒฝ์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ž๋ผ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
06:25
that can regrow itself to repair any damage,
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๋ฒ„์„ฏ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ท ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ ธ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
06:29
what if people start eating the walls?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฒฝ์„ ๋จน๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
06:32
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:33
Speaking of eating:
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๋จน๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™€์„œ ๋ง์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
06:35
What kind of sewer system does the city of the future have?
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์„ค์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
06:38
It's a trick question. There are no sewers.
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๋„Œ์„ผ์Šค ํ€ด์ฆˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ˆ˜๊ตฌ๋Š” ์—†์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
06:42
There's something incredibly bizarre about the current system we have
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์„ค์—๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:45
in the United States,
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06:46
where your waste gets flushed into a tunnel
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ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์ด ํ•˜์ˆ˜๊ตฌ๋กœ ์“ธ๋ ค๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€์„œ
06:49
to be mixed with rainwater and often dumped into the ocean.
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๋น—๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์„ž์ธ ํ›„ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:54
Not to mention toilet paper.
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ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค ํœด์ง€๋Š” ๋ง ํ•  ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†๊ณ ์š”.
06:58
A bunch of techies, led by Bill Gates,
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๋นŒ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ธ ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋„๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋“ค์€
07:00
are trying to reinvent the toilet right now,
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ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ์žฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
and it's possible that the toilet of the future
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋ณ€๊ธฐ๋Š”
07:05
could appear incredibly strange to someone living today.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์„ ์‚ด๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ๊ดด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
07:08
So how does the history of the future, all of that trial and error,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์‚ฌ, ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œํ–‰์ฐฉ์˜ค๊ฐ€
07:13
lead to a better way to go to the bathroom?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
07:15
There are companies right now
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์–ด๋–ค ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€
07:17
who are experimenting with a kind of cleaning wand
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ํœด์ง€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
07:19
that can substitute for toilet paper,
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ฒญ์†Œ์šฉ ์ง€ํŒก์ด๋ฅผ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
using compressed air or sanitizing sprays to clean you off.
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์••์ถ• ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์†Œ๋…์šฉ ์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋กœ ๋ง๋”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ์š”.
07:24
But what if those things looked more like flowers than technology?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์šฉํ’ˆ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฝƒ ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
07:30
What if your toilet could analyze your waste
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๋ณ€๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๋ณ€์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด์„œ
07:33
and let you know if your microbiome might need a little tune-up?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ ์•ˆ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ์ •๋น„ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ค€๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
07:37
What if today's experiments with turning human waste into fuel
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐฐ๋ณ€์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์ด
07:40
leads to a smart battery that could help power your home?
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์ง‘ ์•ˆ์— ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐœํŒ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
07:44
But back to the city of the future.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ณด์ฃ .
07:46
How do people navigate the space?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ™œ๋™ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
07:48
If there's no streets, how do people even make sense of the geography?
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๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ์—†์•ค๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ง€๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:51
I like to think of a place where there are spaces
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์ผ๋ถ€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค์ด์–ด์„œ
07:54
that are partially only in virtual reality
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ํŠน์ • ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
07:56
that maybe you need special hardware to even discover.
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๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
Like for one story, I came up with a thing called "the cloudscape interface,"
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ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” "ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ์Šค์ผ€์ดํ”„ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค"๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•ด๋ƒˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
08:04
which I described as a chrome spider that plugs into your head
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ๋งˆ๋””๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š”
08:08
using temporal nodes.
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ํฌ๋กฌ ๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:10
No, that's not a picture of it, but it's a fun picture I took in a bar.
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์•„๋‹Œ๋ฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด์—์š”.
08:13
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:15
And I got really carried away imagining the bars, restaurants, cafรฉs
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๊ผญ ๋งž๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ•ํ˜„์‹ค ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ
08:20
that you could only find your way inside
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์ฐพ์•„์„œ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
08:22
if you had the correct augmented reality hardware.
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๋ฐ”, ์‹๋‹น, ์นดํŽ˜๋“ค์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋งค๋ฃŒ๋ผ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
08:25
But again, second-order effects:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ 2์ฐจ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
08:28
in a world shaped by augmented reality,
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์ฆ๊ฐ• ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š”
08:31
what kind of new communities will we have,
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๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
08:33
what kind of new crimes that we haven't even thought of yet?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ง ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋‚ด์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:36
OK, like, let's say that you and I are standing next to each other,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ž€ํžˆ ์„œ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:40
and you think that we're in a noisy sports bar,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๋ฐ”์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
08:44
and I think we're in a highbrow salon
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฏธ์šฉ์‹ค์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
08:47
with a string quartet talking about Baudrillard.
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ํ˜„์•… ์‚ฌ์ค‘์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ณด๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•ผ๋“œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
08:50
I can't possibly imagine what might go wrong in that scenario.
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์ด ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์—์„œ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋  ์ผ์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
08:54
Like, it's just -- I'm sure it'll be fine.
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ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†์ด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
08:57
And then there's social media.
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์ด์ œ SNS ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
08:59
I can imagine some pretty frickin' dystopian scenarios
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๊ฝค ๋น„์ด์ƒํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ƒ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
09:03
where things like internet quizzes,
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋‚˜
09:06
dating apps, horoscopes, bots,
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๋ฐ์ดํŒ… ์•ฑ, ๋ณ„์ž๋ฆฌ์ , ์ฑ„ํŒ…๋ด‡๋“ค์ด ํ•ฉ์ณ์ ธ
09:09
all combine to drag you down deeper and deeper rabbit holes
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์ ์  ๋” ๊นŠ์€
09:13
into bad relationships and worse politics.
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๋‚˜์œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ๋” ๋‚˜์œ ์ •์น˜์˜ ํ† ๋ผ๊ตด๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
09:17
But then I think about the conversations that I've had
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ์—…๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด๋˜
09:20
with people who work on AI,
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๋Œ€ํ™”๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
and what I always hear from them is that the smarter AI gets,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์ด ๋” ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก
09:25
the better it is at making connections.
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๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋” ์‰ฌ์›Œ์งˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
09:28
So maybe the social media of the future will be better.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ SNS๋Š” ๋” ๋‚˜์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
09:32
Maybe it'll help us to form healthier, less destructive relationships.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋œ ํŒŒ๊ดด์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
09:37
Maybe we'll have devices that enable togetherness and serendipity.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋œป๋ฐ–์˜ ์žฌ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:42
I really hope so.
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์ •๋ง ๊ทธ๋žฌ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
09:43
And, you know, I like to think that if strong AI ever really exists,
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๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์ด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:49
they'll probably enjoy our weird relationship drama
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์•„๋งˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ "์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์˜ ์ง„์งœ ์ฃผ๋ถ€"์— ์ง‘์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
09:52
the same way that you and I love to obsess about the "Real Housewives of Wherever."
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์  ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
09:57
And finally, there's medicine.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ์–˜๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
I think a lot about how developments in genetic medicine
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์ €๋Š” ์œ ์ „ ์˜ํ•™์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ด
10:03
could improve outcomes for people with cancer or dementia,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•”์ด๋‚˜ ์น˜๋งค์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋„์™€์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
10:07
and maybe one day, your hundredth birthday will be just another milestone
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฑ ์‚ด ์ƒ์ผ์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ 20, 30๋…„์„ ๋” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ 
10:13
on the way to another two or three decades of healthy, active life.
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ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐˆ ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ์ด์ •ํ‘œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
10:17
Maybe the toilet of the future that I mentioned
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์•„๊นŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋ณ€๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
10:19
will improve health outcomes for a lot of people,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œ์ผœ์ค„ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
10:22
including people in parts of the world
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์„ค์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊นŒ์ง€ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ์š”.
10:23
where they don't have these complicated sewer systems that I mentioned.
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10:27
But also, as a transgender person,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋˜ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€, ํŠธ๋ Œ์Šค์  ๋”๋กœ์„œ ์ €๋Š”
10:29
I like to think: What if we make advances in understanding the endocrine system
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ถ„๋น„๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ผ์„œ
10:34
that improve the options for trans people,
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ํŠธ๋ Œ์Šค์  ๋”๋“ค์˜ ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
the same way that hormones and surgeries expanded the options
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ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ „ ์„ธ๋Œ€์—๊ฒŒ
10:41
for the previous generation?
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์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์„ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œ์ผœ์ค€ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
10:43
So finally: basically, I'm here to tell you,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ํ•˜๊ณ ์‹ถ์€ ๋ง์€
10:46
people talk about the future
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋Š˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
10:47
as though it's either going to be a technological wonderland
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๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ง€์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
10:51
or some kind of apocalyptic poop barbecue.
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์„ธ์ƒ ์ข…๋ง์ผ ๋ฟ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์ฃ .
10:55
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์•„๋‹ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
10:57
But the truth is, it's not going to be either of those things.
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10:59
It's going to be in the middle. It's going to be both. It's going to be everything.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค์ผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋‘์ผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ๋‹จ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”
11:03
The one thing we do know
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์ด์ƒํ• ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
is that the future is going to be incredibly weird.
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20์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ
11:07
Just think about how weird the early 21st century would appear
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11:10
to someone from the early 20th.
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21์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์กŒ์„์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
11:13
And, you know, there's a kind of logical fallacy that we all have
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์  ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
11:16
where we expect the future to be an extension of the present.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ํ™•์žฅํŒ์ผ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
Like, people in the 1980s
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, 1980๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
11:21
thought that the Soviet Union would still be around today.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์†Œ๋ จ์ด ๊ฑด์žฌํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
But the future is going to be much weirder than we could possibly dream of.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ƒํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
But we can try.
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์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:30
And I know that there are going to be scary, scary things,
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์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
11:34
but there's also going to be wonders and saving graces.
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๋†€๋ž๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ด๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
11:38
And the first step to finding your way forward
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ ์ฒซ ๊ฑธ์Œ์€
11:43
is to let your imagination run free.
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์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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