Scientists must be free to learn, to speak and to challenge | Kirsty Duncan

48,543 views

2018-06-06 ใƒป TED


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Scientists must be free to learn, to speak and to challenge | Kirsty Duncan

48,543 views ใƒป 2018-06-06

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Yoonyoung Chang ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
00:12
Let me tell you about rock snot.
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'๋ฐ”์œ„ ์ฝง๋ฌผ'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
00:19
Since 1992, Dr. Max Bothwell,
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1992๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž์ธ ๋งฅ์Šค ๋ณด์Šค์›ฐ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š”
00:22
a Government of Canada scientist,
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00:25
has been studying a type of algae that grows on rocks.
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๋ฐ”์œ„์—์„œ ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
Now, the very unscientific term for that algae is rock snot,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ง€๊ทนํžˆ ๋น„๊ณผํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ช…์นญ์ด '๋ฐ”์œ„ ์ฝง๋ฌผ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
because as you can imagine,
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์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
00:39
it looks a lot like snot.
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์ฝง๋ฌผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
But scientists also call it Didymosphenia geminata
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ '๋””๋””๋ชจ์ŠคํŽ˜๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ œ๋ฏธ๋‚˜ํƒ€'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ฃ .
00:48
and for decades, this algae has been sliming up riverbeds
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„๋™์•ˆ, ์ด ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์„
00:53
around the world.
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์นจ์‹ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
The problem with this algae
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์ด ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
00:57
is that it is a threat to salmon, to trout
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์—ฐ์–ด์™€ ์†ก์–ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
01:01
and the river ecosystems it invades.
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๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์— ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
Now, it turns out Canada's Dr. Bothwell
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ๋ณด์Šค์›ฐ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š”
01:08
is actually a world expert in the field,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
so it was no surprise in 2014
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2014๋…„์— ์–ด๋Š ๊ธฐ์ž๊ฐ€
01:17
when a reporter contacted Dr. Bothwell
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๋ณด์Šค์›ฐ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€ํƒํ•œ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:20
for a story on the algae.
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
01:23
The problem was, Dr. Bothwell wasn't allowed to speak to the reporter,
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ณด์Šค์›ฐ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
because the government of the day wouldn't let him.
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๋‹น์‹œ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
01:35
110 pages of emails
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110๊ฑด์˜ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ๊ณผ
01:38
and 16 government communication experts
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16๋ช…์˜ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์–ธ๋ก  ์†Œํ†ต ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
01:42
stood in Dr. Bothwell's way.
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๋ณด์Šค์›ฐ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ง‰์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
Why couldn't Dr. Bothwell speak?
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์–ด์งธ์„œ ๋ณด์Šค์›ฐ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
01:50
Well, we'll never know for sure,
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๋ญ, ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
01:52
but Dr. Bothwell's research did suggest
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๋ณด์Šค์›ฐ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
01:56
that climate change may have been responsible
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์›์ธ์€ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด
02:00
for the aggressive algae blooms.
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๋…น์กฐํ˜„์ƒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
But who the heck would want to stifle climate change information, right?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์œผ๋ ค ํ•˜๊ฒ ์–ด์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
02:12
Yes, you can laugh.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”, ์›ƒ์–ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
It's a joke,
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๋†๋‹ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
02:16
because it is laughable.
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๊ทธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์šฐ์Šค์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
We know that climate change is suppressed for all sorts of reasons.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜จ๊ฐ– ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
I saw it firsthand when I was a university professor.
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์ „ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์˜€๋˜ ๋‹น์‹œ์— ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
We see it when countries pull out of international climate agreements
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๊ตญ์ œ ๊ธฐํ›„ ํ˜‘์ •์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์ด ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๋ณด์•˜์ฃ .
02:35
like the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Accord,
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๊ตํ†  ์˜์ •์„œ๋‚˜ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ํ˜‘์ • ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ์š”.
02:39
and we see it when industry fails to meet its emissions reduction targets.
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์‚ฐ์—…๊ณ„๊ฐ€ CO2 ๋ฐฉ์ถœ ๊ฐ์†Œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
But it's not just climate change information that's being stifled.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋งŒ ์–ต์••๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
So many other scientific issues are obscured by alternate facts,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์ด์Šˆ๋“ค์ด
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋‰ด์Šค์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์–ต์••์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ ค์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
fake news and other forms of suppression.
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03:02
We've seen it in the United Kingdom,
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
03:04
we've seen it in Russia,
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์—์„œ๋„ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
03:06
we've seen it in the United States
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
and, until 2015,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2015๋…„๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”
03:11
right here in Canada.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์—์„œ๋„ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
In our modern technological age,
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ํ˜„๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
when our very survival depends on discovery,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ์กด์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ, ํ˜์‹ , ๊ณผํ•™์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ๋Š” ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
innovation and science,
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03:25
it is critical, absolutely critical,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ, ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:29
that our scientists are free to undertake their work,
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
03:33
free to collaborate with other scientists,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณผํ•™์ž์™€ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ˜‘์—…ํ•˜๊ณ ,
03:37
free to speak to the media
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๋งค์ฒด์— ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ,
03:39
and free to speak to the public.
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๋Œ€์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
Because after all,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š”
03:44
science is humanity's best effort at uncovering the truth
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๊ณผํ•™์€ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
about our world,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ๊ณผ
03:52
about our very existence.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
03:55
Every new fact that is uncovered
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๋ฐํ˜€์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
03:57
adds to the growing body of our collective knowledge.
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์ง‘๋‹จ ์ง€์‹์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
Scientists must be free to explore
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋Š” ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ
04:07
unconventional or controversial topics.
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๋…ํŠนํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
They must be free to challenge the thinking of the day
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น๋Œ€์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋„์ „ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:15
and they must be free
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๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณค๋ž€ํ•œ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•  ์ž์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
to present uncomfortable or inconvenient truths,
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04:24
because that's how scientists push boundaries
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ๋ฌด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๊ณ 
04:27
and pushing boundaries is, after all, what science is all about.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ๋ฌด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ณผํ•™์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
And here's another point:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
scientists must be free to fail,
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์‹คํŒจ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
because even a failed hypothesis teaches us something.
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๋น„๋ก ์‹คํŒจํ•œ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ผ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
And the best way I can explain that is through one of my own adventures.
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์ด์ ์„ ์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
But first I've got to take you back in time.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ์„  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ข€ ๋Œ๋ ค๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:53
It's the early 1900s
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1900๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ์˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
and Claire and Vera are roommates in southern Ontario.
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์˜จํƒ€๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์ฃผ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์— ํด๋ ˆ์–ด์™€ ๋ฒ ๋ผ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฃธ๋ฉ”์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
One evening during the height of the Spanish flu pandemic,
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์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋…๊ฐ์ด ์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋˜ ์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ์ €๋…์—
05:04
the two attend a lecture together.
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๋‘˜์€ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋“ค์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
The end of the evening, they head for home and for bed.
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์ €๋…์— ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ์™€์„œ ์ž ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
In the morning, Claire calls up to Vera
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์•„์นจ์ด ๋˜์ž, ํด๋ ˆ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฒ ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ
05:15
and says she's going out to breakfast.
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์•„์นจ ๋จน์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
When she returns a short while later,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ๋Œ์•„์™”์„ ๋•Œ
05:22
Vera wasn't up.
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๋ฒ ๋ผ๋Š” ์•„์ง ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
She pulls back the covers
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ํด๋ ˆ์–ด๋Š” ์ด๋ถˆ์„ ๊ฑท์–ด๋ƒˆ๊ณ 
05:27
and makes the gruesome discovery.
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๋”์ฐํ•œ ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
Vera was dead.
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๋ฒ ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:34
When it comes to Spanish flu,
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์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋…๊ฐ์ด ์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋˜ ๋•Œ์—
05:36
those stories are common,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ธ‰์‚ฌํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
of lightning speed deaths.
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๋ณ‘์ด ๊ธ‰์†๋„๋กœ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์ฃ .
05:42
Well, I was a professor in my mid-20s
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์Œ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
05:45
when I first heard those shocking facts
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์ €๋Š” 20๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜์˜€๊ณ 
05:49
and the scientist in me wanted to know why and how.
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๊ณผํ•™์ž์˜ ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ ์™œ, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
My curiosity would lead me to a frozen land
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์ €์˜ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์€ ์ €๋ฅผ ์–ผ์–ด๋ถ™์€ ๋•…์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ๊ณ 
05:59
and to lead an expedition
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์ €๋Š” ์กฐ์‚ฌํŒ€๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
06:01
to uncover the cause of the 1918 Spanish flu.
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1918๋…„ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋…๊ฐ์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ํŒŒํ—ค์น˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
I wanted to test our current drugs against one of history's deadliest diseases.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ๋‚ธ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์•ฝ์„ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:12
I hoped we could make a flu vaccine
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์ €๋Š” ๋…๊ฐ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
that would be effective against the virus
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๊ทธ ๋…๊ฐ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์™€ ๋ณ€์ข… ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
and mutation of it,
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06:20
should it ever return.
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๊ทธ ๋…๊ฐ์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
06:24
And so I led a team, a research team,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ˆ ํŒ€, ์ €ํฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€์€
06:29
of 17 men
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๋ชจ๋‘ 17๋ช…์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
from Canada, Norway, the United Kingdom
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค, ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด, ์˜๊ตญ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง„๋“ค์ด
06:35
and the United States
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06:37
to the Svalbard Islands in the Arctic Ocean.
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๋ถ๊ทนํ•ด์˜ ์Šค๋ฐœ๋ฐ”๋ฅด ์ œ๋„๋กœ ๋ชจ์—ฌ ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:41
These islands are between Norway and the North Pole.
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๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด์™€ ๋ถ๊ทน ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์„ฌ๋“ค๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์ง€์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
We exhumed six bodies
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ 6๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹œ์‹ ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
who had died of Spanish flu and were buried in the permafrost
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋…๊ฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ค ์˜๊ตฌ ๋™ํ† ์ธต์— ๋ฌปํžŒ ์ด๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
and we hoped the frozen ground would preserve the body and the virus.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ผ์–ด๋ถ™์€ ๋•…์ด ์‹œ์‹ ๊ณผ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์กดํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:59
Now, I know what you are all waiting for,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์š”.
07:02
that big scientific payoff.
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์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
07:06
But my science story doesn't have that spectacular Hollywood ending.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ๊ณผํ•™ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํ• ๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋“œ์‹ ๊ฒฐ๋ง์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
Most don't.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
Truth is, we didn't find the virus,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
but we did develop new techniques
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:21
to safely exhume bodies
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์‹ ์„ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
that might contain virus.
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07:26
We did develop new techniques
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๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ์„œ
07:29
to safely remove tissue
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์„
07:32
that might contain virus.
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:35
And we developed new safety protocols
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•ˆ์ „ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
07:38
to protect our research team and the nearby community.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
We made important contributions to science
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
even though the contributions we made
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๋น„๋ก ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
07:51
were not the ones originally intended.
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์• ์ดˆ์— ์˜๋„ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:55
In science, attempts fail,
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๊ณผํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๋Š” ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด๊ณ 
07:58
results prove inconclusive
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๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
08:01
and theories don't pan out.
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์ด๋ก ์€ ์ „๊ฐœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
In science,
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๊ณผํ•™์—์„œ๋Š”
08:07
research builds upon the work and knowledge of others,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ž‘์—…๊ณผ ์ง€์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
or by seeing further,
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ํ˜น์€ ๋” ๊นŠ์ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
08:13
by standing on the shoulders of giants,
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๊ฑฐ์ธ์˜ ์–ด๊นจ์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ์„œ์„œ ๋” ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
08:16
to paraphrase Newton.
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๋‰ดํ„ด์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ง๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
The point is, scientists must be free
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์š”์ ์€, ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋Š” ์ž์œ ๋กœ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
to choose what they want to explore,
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์ž์‹ ์ด ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์—ด์ •์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
08:26
what they are passionate about
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์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
08:28
and they must be free to report their findings.
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์ž์‹ ์ด ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
You heard me say
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์ œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์œผ์…จ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
08:34
that respect for science started to improve in Canada in 2015.
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กด์ค‘์ด 2015๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
How did we get here?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์™”์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:42
What lessons might we have to share?
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
08:46
Well, it actually goes back to my time as a professor.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ œ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์ ˆ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
I watched while agencies, governments and industries around the world
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์ €๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹จ์ฒด์™€ ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€, ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณ„๊ฐ€
08:56
suppressed information on climate change.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
It infuriated me.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฒฉ๋…ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
It kept me up at night.
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๋ฐค์— ์ž ์„ ์ž˜ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
How could politicians twist scientific fact for partisan gain?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ •์น˜์ธ์ด ์ •๋‹น์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณผํ•™์  ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์™œ๊ณกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
09:13
So I did what anyone appalled by politics would do:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ •์น˜์— ์งˆ๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
I ran for office, and I won.
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๊ณต์ง์— ์ถœ๋งˆํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋‹น์„ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:21
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
09:27
I thought I would use my new platform
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์ €๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ† ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด
09:31
to talk about the importance of science.
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๊ณผํ•™์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
It quickly became a fight for the freedom of science.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณง๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํˆฌ์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
After all, I was a scientist, I came from the world under attack,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ์ €๋„ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋ชธ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž์˜€๊ณ 
09:45
and I had personally felt the outrage.
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
I could be a voice for those who were being silenced.
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์ €๋Š” ์นจ๋ฌตํ•œ ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•ด์„œ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
But I quickly learned that scientists were nervous,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
10:00
even afraid to talk to me.
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์ €์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์กฐ์ฐจ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
One government scientist, a friend of mine,
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์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ธ ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž ์ค‘์—
10:05
we'll call him McPherson,
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๋งฅํผ์Šจ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
10:08
was concerned about the impact
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น ๊นŒ๋ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
government policies were having on his research
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10:16
and the state of science deteriorating in Canada.
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์—์„œ ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์ด ์•…ํ™”๋  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ผ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:20
He was so concerned, he wrote to me
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๊ฑฑ์ •์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ๋Š”
์ž๊ธฐ ์•„๋‚ด์˜ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ ๊ณ„์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
from his wife's email account
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10:26
because he was afraid a phone call could be traced.
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์ „ํ™”๋Š” ๋„์ฒญ์ด ๋ ๊นŒ๋ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
He wanted me to phone his wife's cell phone
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ž๊ธฐ ์•„๋‚ด์˜ ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™”ํ•ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:34
so that call couldn't be traced.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ํ†ตํ™” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋„์ฒญ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
I only wish I were kidding.
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์ฐจ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋†๋‹ด์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
10:41
It quickly brought what was happening in Canada into sharp focus for me.
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์ €๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
How could my friend of 20 years be that afraid to talk to me?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ 20๋…„ ์ง€๊ธฐ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
10:53
So I did what I could at the time.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
I listened and I shared what I learned
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฃ๊ณ , ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„
11:01
with my friend in Parliament,
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๊ตญํšŒ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
a man who was interested in all things environment, science,
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ๊ณผํ•™, ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ํ˜์‹  ๋“ฑ ์ „ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜€์ฃ .
11:08
technology, innovation.
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11:12
And then the 2015 election rolled around
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2015๋…„ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ
11:16
and our party won.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‹น์ด ์ด๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:19
And we formed government.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
And that friend of mine
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๊ทธ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š”
11:25
is now the Prime Minister of Canada, Justin Trudeau.
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์ด์ œ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฌด์ด๋ฆฌ์ธ ์ €์Šคํ‹ด ํŠธ๋คผ๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
11:34
And he asked if I would serve as his Minister of Science.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€ ์žฅ๊ด€์ด ๋˜์–ด ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ€ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
Together, with the rest of the government,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜
11:41
we are working hard to restore science to its rightful place.
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๊ณผํ•™์„ ์ œ์ž๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
I will never forget that day in December 2015
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์ €๋Š” 2015๋…„ 12์›”์˜ ๊ทธ๋‚ ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์žŠ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
when I proudly stood in Parliament
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ตญํšŒ์— ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์„œ์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์„ ์–ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
and proclaimed,
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11:57
"The war on science is now over."
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"๊ณผํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „์Ÿ์€ ์ด์ œ ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
12:02
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:08
And I have worked hard to back up those words with actions.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ง์„ ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:12
We've had many successes.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
12:15
There's still more work to do,
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
because we're building this culture shift.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:21
But we want our government scientists to talk to the media, talk to the public.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งค์ฒด์™€ ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:27
It'll take time, but we are committed.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „๋…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
After all, Canada is seen as a beacon for science internationally.
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด, ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ˆˆ์—๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ณผํ•™๊ณ„์˜ ํšƒ๋ถˆ๋กœ ๋น„์ถฐ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:36
And we want to send a message
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
that you do not mess with something so fundamental,
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๊ณผํ•™์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„
12:44
so precious, as science.
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์—‰๋ง์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
So, for Dr. Bothwell, for Claire and Vera,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋ณด์Šค์›ฐ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด, ํด๋ ˆ์–ด์™€ ๋ฒ ๋ผ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
12:54
for McPherson and all those other voices,
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๋งฅํผ์Šจ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
12:58
if you see that science is being stifled, suppressed or attacked,
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๋งŒ์ผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ณผํ•™์ด ์ €์ง€๋˜๊ณ , ์–ต์••๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:04
speak up.
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๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
13:05
If you see that scientists are being silenced, speak up.
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๊ณผํ•™์ž์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
13:11
We must hold our leaders to account.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ฌผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
Whether that is by exercising our right to vote,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ถŒ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
13:19
whether it is by penning an op-ed in a newspaper
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์‹ ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋…ผํ‰๋ž€์— ๊ธฐ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
13:23
or by starting a conversation on social media,
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ํ˜น์€ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์—์„œ ํ† ๋ก ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
13:28
it is our collective voice that will ensure the freedom of science.
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๊ณผํ•™์˜ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
And after all, science is for everyone,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ๊ณผํ•™์€ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
13:39
and it will lead to a better, brighter, bolder future for us all.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋” ์ข‹๊ณ , ๋” ๋ฐ๊ณ , ๋” ๋‹ด๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋กœ ์ด๋Œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:47
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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