Richard Pyle: Exploring the reef's Twilight Zone

56,781 views ใƒป 2009-02-26

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Joon Sik Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : InHyuk Song
00:12
This is the first of two rather extraordinary photographs
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์ด ์ฒซ ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ธฐ์ดํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
I'm going to show you today.
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00:16
It was taken 18 years ago.
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18๋…„ ์ „์— ์ฐํžŒ ์‚ฌ์ง„์œผ๋กœ
00:18
I was 19 years old at the time.
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์ „ ๋‹น์‹œ 19์‚ด์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
I had just returned
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ ์ „ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋ดค๋˜ ์ž ์ˆ˜ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊นŠ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ์•„์™”์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:21
from one of the deepest dives I'd ever made at that time --
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200 ํ”ผํŠธ ์ •๋„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
a little over 200 feet.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋•Œ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์žก์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
00:25
And I had caught this little fish.
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๊ทธ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์žกํžŒ ์ ์ด ๊ทธ ์ „์—๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
00:27
It turns out that particular one was the first of its kind
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00:29
ever taken alive.
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์ „ ๊ทธ์ € ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์–ด๋ฅ˜ํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ง„์งœ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๊ดด์งœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
I'm not just an ichthyologist, I'm a bona fide fish nerd.
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00:33
And to a fish nerd, this is some pretty exciting stuff.
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๊ดด์งœ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ๊ฝค ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
๋” ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ
00:36
More exciting was the fact that the person who took this photo
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์ด๋ฆ„์ด Jack Randall ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:39
is a guy named Jack Randall,
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00:40
the greatest living ichthyologist on earth --
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์–ด๋ฅ˜ํ•™์ž์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ญ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๊ดด์งœ๋“ค ์ค‘์˜ ์™•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ• ๊นŒ์š”
00:43
the Grand Poobah of fish nerds, if you will.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์› ๊ณ 
00:46
And so, it was really exciting to me to have this moment in time.
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์ œ ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ง“๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:51
It set the course for the rest of my life.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ , ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์ ์€
00:53
But really, the most significant, most profound thing about this picture
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ
00:56
is it was taken two days before I was completely paralyzed
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์‹ ์ฒด์  ๋งˆ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์ดํ‹€ ์ „์— ์ฐํ˜”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
from the neck down.
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์ „ ๋ณดํ†ต 19์‚ด ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ์‹ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ ๋  ๋•Œ ํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ
01:00
I made a really stupid kind of mistake
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฉ์ฒญํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์—
01:03
that most 19-year-old males do when they think they're immortal,
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์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ž ํ•จ๋ณ‘ (์ž ์ˆ˜์‹œ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณ‘)์— ๊ฑธ๋ ค
01:06
and I got a bad case of the bends and was paralyzed,
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๋ชธ์ด ๋งˆ๋น„๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ท€๊ตญํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
and had to be flown back for treatment.
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๊ทธ๋‚  ์ „ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
I learned two really important things that day.
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01:14
The first thing I learned -- well, I'm mortal. That's a really big one.
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋ญ, ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ œ์ผ ํฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ธ๋ฐ, ์ „ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ์‹ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ด๊ณ ์š”
๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์ƒ๋™์•ˆ
01:18
And the second thing I learned was that I knew, with profound certainty,
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01:21
that this is exactly what I was going to do for the rest of my life.
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ• ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
I had to focus all my energies
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๋ชจ๋“  ํž˜์„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„
01:26
towards going to find new species of things
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๊นŠ์€ ์‚ฐํ˜ธํ•ด ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์Ÿ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:29
down on deep coral reefs.
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์‚ฐํ˜ธํ•ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
01:31
When you think of a coral reef, this is what most people think of:
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ํฌ๊ณ  ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™”๋ คํ•œ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์™€ ์ƒ‰์ด ๋ฐ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
these big, hard, elaborate corals,
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01:36
lots of bright, colorful fishes and things.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„์งœ ๋น™์‚ฐ์˜ ์ผ๊ฐ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
But this is really just the tip of the iceberg.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฐํ˜ธํ•ด์˜ ๋‹ค์ด์–ด๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
01:40
If you look at this diagram of a coral reef,
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01:42
we know a lot about that part up near the top.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๊ทผ์ฒ˜ ์ƒ์œ„๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์Šค์ฟ ๋ฒ„ ๋‹ค์ด๋ฒ„๋“ค์ด
01:45
The reason we know so much about it
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ๋“ค์€ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
01:47
is scuba divers can very easily go down there and access it.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์Šค์ฟ ๋ฒ„ ๋‹ค์ด๋ฒ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒŒ
01:50
There is a problem with scuba, though,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊นŠ์ด ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œํ•œ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
in that it imposes some limitations on how deep you can go.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋žต 200 ํ”ผํŠธ ์ •๋„ ๋˜์ฃ .
01:55
It turns out that depth is about 200 feet.
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์ง€๋Š” ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ๋” ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
I'll get into why that is in just a minute,
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01:59
but the point is, scuba divers generally stay less than 100 feet deep,
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์š”์ ์€ ์Šค์ฟ ๋ฒ„ ๋‹ค์ด๋ฒ„๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ 100ํ”ผํŠธ ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๊นŠ์ด์—์„œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
์ œ์ •์‹ ์ธ ์ด์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
and very rarely go much below this, at least, not with any kind of sanity.
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02:06
So to go deeper, most biologists have turned to submersibles.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋” ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ž ์ˆ˜์ •์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ž ์ˆ˜์ •๋„ ์ข‹์ฃ , ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
Now, submersibles are great, wonderful things,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋งค์ผ 30000๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์”ฉ ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ˆ์„ ๋‚ด์•ผํ•˜๊ณ 
02:12
but if you're going to spend 30,000 dollars a day to use one of these things
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2000ํ”ผํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:16
and it's capable of going 2,000 feet,
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02:17
you're not going to go farting around up here in a couple of hundred feet,
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๋ช‡๋ฐฑ ํ”ผํŠธ ์•„๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์•„๊น๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
๋” ๊นŠ์ด ๊นŠ์ด ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
you're going to go way down deep.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ž ์ˆ˜์ •์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”
02:23
So the bottom line is, almost all research using submersibles
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์ˆ˜์‹ฌ 500ํ”ผํŠธ ๋ฐ‘์—์„œ ์ด๋ค„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
has taken place well below 500 feet.
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02:27
Now, it's pretty obvious at this point
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๋ˆˆ์น˜ ์ฑ„์…จ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ด ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ด
02:29
there's a zone here in the middle.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์›Œํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์จ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
That's the zone
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02:32
that centers around my own personal pursuit of happiness.
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์ด ๊ตฌ์—ญ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
I want to find out what's in this zone; we know almost nothing about it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
Scuba divers can't get there, submarines go right on past it.
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์Šค์ฟ ๋ฒ„ ๋‹ค์ด๋ฒ„๋“ค์€ ๋ชป๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์ž ์ˆ˜์ •๋“ค์€ ์ง€๋‚˜์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
It took me a year to learn to walk again after my diving accident in Palau.
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ํŒ”๋ผ์šฐ์—์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ ์ž ์ˆ˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์ดํ›„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฑธ์Œ์„ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— 1๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์ „ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„
02:45
During that year,
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02:46
I spent a lot of time learning about the physics and physiology of diving
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์ž ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ์›๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š”๋ฐ์™€
๊ทธ ์ œํ•œ์„ ์ด๊ฒจ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
and how to overcome these limitations.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:51
I'm just going to show you a basic idea.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ด๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ . ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์†Œ์™€ ์งˆ์†Œ์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ธ๋ฐ
02:53
We're all breathing air right now.
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02:55
Air is a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen,
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20 ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์‚ฐ์†Œ, 80 ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜ ์งˆ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
20 percent oxygen, 80 percent nitrogen.
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02:59
It's in our lungs.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›๋Š”
03:00
And there's a phenomenon called Henry's law,
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๋ถ€๋ถ„์••๋ ฅ์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•ด์„œ ์•ก์ฒด๋กœ
03:02
that says gases will dissolve into a fluid
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๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ํ—จ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
in proportion to the partial pressures you're exposing them to.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์— ์Šค๋ฉฐ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:07
So, basically the gas dissolves into our body.
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03:09
The oxygen is bound by metabolism, we use it for energy.
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์‚ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ์‹ ์ง„๋Œ€์‚ฌ์— ์“ฐ์—ฌ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์›๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
The nitrogen sort of floats around in our blood and tissues.
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์งˆ์†Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ˜ˆ์•ก๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”. ์›๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์ •์ƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:15
That's fine, it's how we're designed.
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๊ทผ๋ฐ ๋ฌผ ์†์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
The problem happens when you go underwater.
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๋ฌผ ์†์— ๊นŠ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์••๋ ฅ์€ ๋†’์•„์ง€์ฃ .
03:19
The deeper you go underwater, the higher the pressure is.
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130 ํ”ผํŠธ ์ •๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐˆ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
03:22
If you were to go down to a depth of about 130 feet,
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03:24
which is the recommended limit for most scuba divers,
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--์ด๊ฒŒ ์Šค์ฟ ๋ฒ„ ๋‹ค์ด๋ฒ„๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ•œ์„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค--
์••๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
you'd get this pressure effect.
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03:28
The effect of that pressure is you have an increased density of gas molecules
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๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์ˆจ์„ ์‰ด๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ฒด ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
in every breath you take.
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03:33
Over time, those gas molecules dissolve into your blood and tissues
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์ด ํ˜ˆ์•ก๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์— ์Šค๋ฉฐ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
03:37
and start to fill you up.
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์ ์  ์ฑ„์šฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:39
Now, if you were to go down to, say, 300 feet,
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300 ํ”ผํŠธ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:41
you don't have five times as many gas molecules in your lungs,
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ํ์— ๊ธฐ์ฒด ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ 5๋ฐฐ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
10๋ฐฐ ์”ฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
you've got 10 times as many gas molecules in your lungs.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ˜ˆ์•ก๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์œผ๋กœ ํก์ˆ˜๋˜๊ณ ์š”.
03:47
And, sure enough, they dissolve into your blood and tissues as well.
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03:50
And if you were to go down to where there's 15 times as much --
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15๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊นŠ์ด์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
03:53
the deeper you go, the more exacerbating the problem becomes.
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๊นŠ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
The limitation of diving with air is all those dots in your body,
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๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์ž ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€
๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์— ์Œ“์ด๋Š” ์งˆ์†Œ์™€ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
all the nitrogen and all the oxygen.
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์Šค์ฟ ๋ฒ„ ๋‹ค์ด๋น™์—๋Š” ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ œํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
There are three basic limitations of scuba diving.
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์ฒซ์งธ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์†Œ์ฃ .
04:05
The first limitation is the oxygen --
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์‚ฐ์†Œ์˜ ๋…์„ฑ.
04:07
oxygen toxicity.
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Love is like oxygen ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ž˜ ๋‹ค ์•„์‹œ์ฃ ?
04:09
Now, we all know the song: "Love is like oxygen.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฏธ์ณ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
You get too much, you get too high. Not enough, and you're gonna die."
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์—†์œผ๋ฉด ์ฃฝ๊ณ ์š”.
04:14
Well, in the context of diving, you get too much, you die also.
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์ž ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์œผ๋ฉด ์ฃฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‚ฐ์†Œ์˜ ๋…์„ฑ์€ ๋ฐœ์ž‘์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผœ์„œ
04:17
You die because oxygen toxicity can cause a seizure.
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04:20
It makes you convulse underwater -- not a good thing to happen underwater.
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๋ฌผ ์†์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ๋ จ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ์†์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด์ฃ .
๋ชธ์— ๊ณผ๋‹คํ•œ ๋†๋„์˜ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ถ•์ ๋˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
It happens because there's too much concentration of oxygen in your body.
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04:27
The nitrogen has two problems.
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์งˆ์†Œ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
One of them is what Jacques Cousteau called "rapture of the deep."
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Jacques Cousteau ๊ฐ€ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ "๊นŠ์€ ๊ณณ์˜ ํฌ์—ด" ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
์งˆ์†Œ ํ™˜๊ฐ ์ฆ์„ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
It's nitrogen narcosis.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ .
04:35
It makes you loopy; the deeper you go, the loopier you get.
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๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋” ๋ฏธ์ณ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
You don't want to drive drunk, you don't want to dive drunk.
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์Œ์ฃผ์šด์ „์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋˜๋“ฏ์ด ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋„ ์ทจํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ฃ .
04:40
So that's a real big problem.
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์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํŒ”๋ผ์šฐ์—์„œ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ฒช์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
04:42
And of course, the third problem
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04:43
is the one I found out the hard way in Palau,
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์ž ํ•จ๋ณ‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
which is the bends.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ง์”€ ์•ˆ๋“œ๋ ธ๋˜ ์ ์ด
04:47
One thing I forgot to mention
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04:48
is that to obviate the problem of nitrogen narcosis --
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์งˆ์†Œ ํ™˜๊ฐ ์ฆ์„ธ์™€
๋ชธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ž€ ์ ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์—†์• ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
04:51
all of those blue dots in our body --
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์งˆ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ํ—ฌ๋ฅจ์„ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
you remove the nitrogen and replace it with helium.
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ํ—ฌ๋ฅจ๋„ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์ฃ . ํ—ฌ๋ฅจ์ด ์ข‹์€ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
04:55
Helium's a gas; there're a lot of reasons why helium's good,
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์ž‘์€ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋น„ํ™œ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๊ณ ,
04:58
it's a tiny molecule, it's inert, it doesn't give you narcosis.
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๋˜ ํ™˜๊ฐ ์ฆ์„ธ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
So that's the basic concept we use.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
But the theory's relatively easy.
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์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‰ฝ์ฃ .
05:04
The tricky part is the implementation.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
So this is how I began about 15 years ago.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ . 15๋…„ ์ „์—
05:08
I'll admit, it wasn't exactly the smartest of starts,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋ช…์พŒํ•œ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:11
but you've got to start somewhere.
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๋ญ ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„, ์–ด๋””์„ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜์ž–์•„์š”.
05:13
(Laughter)
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ•œ๋‘˜์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜€์–ด์š”.
05:14
At the time, I wasn't the only one who didn't know what I was doing.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ž์ฃ .
05:17
Almost nobody did.
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05:18
This rig was actually used for a dive of 300 feet.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ 300 ํ”ผํŠธ์˜ ์ž ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์“ฐ์˜€์ฃ .
05:20
But over time we got better at it,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ์ž˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
05:22
and we came up with this really sophisticated-looking rig
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”
๋„ค๊ฐœ์˜ ์Šคํˆฌ๋ฒ„ ํƒฑํฌ์™€ ๋‹ค์„ฏ๊ฐœ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ์žฅ์น˜์™€
05:25
with four scuba tanks, five regulators and all the right gas mixtures,
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๊ธฐ์ฒด์˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ๋“ฑ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
all that good stuff.
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„ ๋ณด์˜€์–ด์š”.
05:29
It was fine and dandy, it allowed us to go down and find new species.
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์ž ์ˆ˜ํ•ด์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ 300ํ”ผํŠธ ๊นŠ์ด์—์„œ ์ฐํžŒ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
This picture was taken at 300 feet, catching new species of fish.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌผ ์†์— ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์žˆ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:36
The problem was it didn't allow us much time.
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์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ๋ž‘ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
05:38
For all its bulk and size, it only gave us about 15 minutes at most
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15๋ถ„์ด ์ตœ๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
down at those sorts of depths.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์ฃ 
05:43
We needed more time. There had to be a better way.
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
And indeed, there is a better way.
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๋„ค, ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
In 1994, I was fortunate enough to get access
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1994๋…„์— ์ „ ์šด์ด ์ข‹๊ฒŒ๋„
05:49
to these prototype closed-circuit rebreathers.
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ํ์‡  ํšŒ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ์‡  ํšŒ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋ผ...
05:52
Closed-circuit rebreather: what makes it different from scuba,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ ์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์Šค์ฟ ๋ฒ„์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:55
and why is it better?
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์™œ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
05:56
Well, there are three main advantages to a rebreather.
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์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ์—๋Š” ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ•์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
One, they're quiet, they don't make any noise.
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์ฒซ์งธ, ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ์กฐ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
Two, they allow you to stay underwater longer.
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๋‘˜์งธ, ์ˆ˜์ค‘์— ๋” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์…‹์งธ, ๋” ๊นŠ์ด ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:04
Three, they allow you to go deeper.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
06:06
How is it that they do that?
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06:07
In order to really understand how they do that,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„ 
06:09
you have to look underneath the hood and see what's going on.
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๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ  ์•„๋ž˜์„œ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณด์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
There are three basic systems to a closed-circuit rebreather.
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ํ์‡  ํšŒ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ์—๋Š” ์„ธ๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ˜ธํก ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
06:15
The most fundamental is called the breathing loop.
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์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ˆจ์„ ์‰ฌ๋ฉด
06:18
It's a breathing loop because you breathe off of it;
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๋‹ซํžŒ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ์“ฐ๊ณ  ๋˜ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
it's a closed loop, and you breathe the same gas around and around.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž…์— ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ํ”ผ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:23
There's a mouthpiece that you put in your mouth,
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์นด์šดํ„ฐ๋ ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”
06:26
and there's a counter lung, or in this case, two counter lungs.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์นด์šดํ„ฐ๋ ์€ ๊ณ ๋„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
The counter lungs aren't high tech, they're simply flexible bags.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ˆจ์‰ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋•์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
They allow you to mechanically breathe, mechanically ventilate.
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์ˆจ์„ ๋‚ด์‰ฌ๋ฉด ์ด๋Š” ๋‚ ์ˆจ ์นด์šดํ„ฐ๋ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ 
06:35
When you exhale, it goes in the exhale counter lung;
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์ˆจ์„ ๋“ค์ด์‰ฌ๋ฉด ๋“ค์ˆจ ์นด์šดํ„ฐ๋ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
when you inhale, it comes from the inhale counter lung.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์—ญํ•™์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฃ . ํ˜ธํก ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
It's just pure mechanics, allowing you to cycle air through this breathing loop.
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ํ˜ธํก ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
06:44
The other component on a breathing loop is the carbon-dioxide-absorbent canister.
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ํก์ˆ˜ ์šฉ๊ธฐ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
Now, as we breathe, we produce carbon dioxide,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆจ์„ ์‰ฌ๋ฉด ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋Š” ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
and that carbon dioxide needs to be scrubbed out of the system.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ณณ์—๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™์  ํ•„ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€
06:54
There's a chemical filter in there
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06:55
that pulls the carbon dioxide out of the breathing gas,
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๋‚ด์‰ฌ๋Š” ์ˆจ์—์„œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•ด๋‚ด๊ณ 
06:58
so that when it comes back to us, it's safe to breathe again.
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๋‚ ์ˆจ์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์•„์™”์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋“ค์ด์‰ฌ๊ณ  ํ˜ธํก์„ ๊ณ„์† ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:01
That's the breathing loop in a nutshell.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ํ˜ธํก ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋žต์  ์›๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
The second main component of a closed-circuit rebreather
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ํ์‡  ํšŒ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ์˜ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
is the gas system.
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์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ชฉ์ ์€
07:08
The primary purpose of the gas system is to provide oxygen,
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์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชธ์ด ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์ถฉํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:12
to replenish the oxygen that your body consumes.
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07:14
So the main tank, the main critical thing,
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๋ฉ”์ธ ํƒฑํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ
07:16
is this oxygen gas supply cylinder we have here.
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์ด๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์†Œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์›ํ†ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
But if we only had an oxygen gas supply cylinder,
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๊ทผ๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ์„œ๋Š”
๊นŠ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ์ˆœ ์—†์–ด์š”.
07:22
we wouldn't be able to go very deep,
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07:23
because we'd run into oxygen toxicity very quickly.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฐ์†Œ์˜ ๋…์„ฑ์— ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘๋…๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํฌ์„์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์ฃ .
07:26
So we need another gas, something to dilute the oxygen with.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํฌ์„ ๊ธฐ์ฒด ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
And that, fittingly enough, is called the diluent gas supply.
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07:32
In our applications, we generally put air inside this diluent gas supply,
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์‘์šฉ๊ณผ์ •์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด ํฌ์„ ๊ธฐ์ฒด ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ†ต์— ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋งค์šฐ ์‹ธ๊ณ  ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์งˆ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
07:37
because it's a very cheap and easy source of nitrogen.
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07:39
So that's where we get our nitrogen from.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์งˆ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
But if we want to go deeper, of course, we need another gas supply,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋” ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ฃ .
ํ—ฌ๋ฅจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ—ฌ๋ฅจ์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ๊นŠ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
and helium is what we really need to go deep.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ข€ ํฐ ํ†ต์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
07:47
Usually we'll have a slightly larger cylinder,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ํ†ต์€ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์ชฝ์— ์–นํ˜€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค..
07:49
mounted exterior on the rebreather, like this.
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07:51
That's what we use to inject, as we start to do our deep dives.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ๊นŠ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฃผ์ž…์„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
07:54
We also have a second oxygen cylinder, solely as a backup;
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์ œ 2์˜ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ํ†ต๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋น„์ƒ์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ฒซ์งธ ํ†ต์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ณ„์† ์ˆจ์„ ์‰ด์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
if there's a problem with our first oxygen supply,
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08:00
we can continue to breathe.
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08:01
The way you manage all these different gases and different gas supplies
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์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
๋งค์šฐ ๊ณ ๋„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ์กฐ์ ˆ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ฐ€์Šค ํƒฑํฌ ์•ž์ชฝ์—
08:05
is this really high-tech, sophisticated gas block up on the front here,
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08:08
where it's easy to reach.
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๋‹ฟ๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
It's got the valves and knobs and things you need
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์ด๊ณณ์— ์ ์ •ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ ์ •ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
08:12
to inject the right gases at the right time.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ์™€ ์žฅ์น˜๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
Normally, you don't have to do that,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ž๋™ํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ˆ˜๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
because all of it's done automatically
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08:17
with the electronics, the third system of a rebreather.
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์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ์˜ ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ธ ์ „์ž๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์‚ฐ์†Œ ์„ผ์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
The most critical part of a rebreather are the oxygen sensors.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜๋ฉด ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์„ธ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
08:23
You need three, so if one goes bad, you know which one it is.
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ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ฃ 
08:26
You need voting logic.
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08:27
You also have three microprocessors.
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๋˜ ์„ธ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
08:29
Any one of those computers can run the entire system,
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์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ์•„๋ฌด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ด๊ด„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
so if you have to lose two of them,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ค๋„ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ฃ .
08:33
there's back-up power supplies.
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๋˜ ๋ณด์กฐ ์ „์› ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
And there are multiple displays, to get the information to the diver.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ž ์ˆ˜๋ถ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ณด์ „๋‹ฌ์„ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
This is the high-tech gadgetry that allows us to do what we do
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ตœ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์žฅ๋น„๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
08:41
on these deep dives.
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๊นŠ์€ ์ž ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
I can talk about it all day -- just ask my wife --
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์ข…์ผ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ œ ์•„๋‚ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
08:45
but I want to move on to something much more interesting.
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์ด์ œ ์ข€ ๋” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊นŠ์€ ์ž ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•ด ๋ณด์ฃ 
08:48
I'm going to take you on a deep dive,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฑด์ง€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
and show you what it's like to do one.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ ์œ„์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ตœ์ฒจ๋‹จ ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ 
08:52
We start up on the boat,
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08:53
For all this high-tech, expensive equipment,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ž…์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ตœ์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. -- ํ’๋ฉ! --
08:55
this is still the best way to get in the water,
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๋ฐฐ ์˜†์ชฝ์—์„œ ๋Œ๋ฉด์„œ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์ฃ .
08:57
just flop over the side of the boat.
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์•ž์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ ธ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
08:59
Now, as I showed you in the earlier diagram,
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09:01
these reefs that we dive on start out near the surface
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฐํ˜ธํ•ด๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋˜
09:04
and they go almost vertically, completely straight down.
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๊ทธ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ˆ˜์ง์œผ๋กœ ๊นŠ์–ด์ ธ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
So we drop in the water and go over the edge of this cliff,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์ ˆ๋ฒฝ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๊ฑท๋‹ค๊ฐ€
09:10
and then we start dropping, dropping, dropping.
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๊ณ„์† ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜์ฃ .
09:12
People ask if it takes a long time to get there.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋Š”๊ฒŒ "๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ ๋˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋ž˜๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”."
์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„์ด๋ฉด
09:15
No; it only takes a couple minutes to get down to three or four hundred feet,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ผ์‚ฌ๋ฐฑ ํ”ผํŠธ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
which is what we're aiming for.
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์Šค๋กœ์šฐ ๋ชจ์…˜ ์Šค์นด์ด ๋‹ค์ด๋น™๊ฐ™์€ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
It's like skydiving in slow motion. It's really very interesting.
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๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์ฃ .
09:23
You ever see "The Abyss,"
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์˜ํ™” ์–ด๋น„์Šค(The Abyss)๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด Ed Harris ๊ฐ€
09:24
where Ed Harris is sinking down along the side of the wall?
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๋ฒฝ์— ๋ถ™์–ด์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ผ์•‰๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค์ฃ ?
09:27
That's what it feels like. Amazing.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜์ฃ .
09:29
And down there, you find that the water is very clear, extremely clear,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ณณ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๊นจ๋—ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
09:32
because there's hardly any plankton.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ์„ ์ผœ๊ณ  ๋™๊ตด์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด
09:34
When you turn on your light and look around the caves,
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์ •๋ง ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๊ณ 
09:37
you're confronted with a tremendous amount of diversity,
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์ •๋ง ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“œ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
much more than anyone used to believe.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
Now, not all of it is new species --
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09:43
that fish you see with the white stripe, that's a known species.
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์ด ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ™์ด ํฐ์ƒ‰ ์ค„ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑด
์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:47
But if you look carefully into the cracks and crevices,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํฌ๋ ˆ๋ฐ”์Šค๋‚˜ ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด
์ž๊ทธ๋งˆํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
you'll see little things scurrying all over the place.
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09:53
There's a just unbelievable diversity.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ์ข…์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด์ฃ .
09:55
It's not just fish, either.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
These are crinoids, sponges, black corals. There're some more fishes.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์ด๋“œ, ์ŠคํŽ€์ง€, ํ‘์‚ฐํ˜ธ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
Those fishes that you see now are new species.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ์ € ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์‹ ์ข…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ž ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋ฌผ ๋Œ€์‹  ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์„œ
10:03
They're still new species,
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10:04
because I had a video camera instead of my net,
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10:06
so they're still waiting down there for someone to go find them.
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์žก์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•„์ง ์‹ ์ข…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:09
But this is what it looks like.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
And this kind of habitat just goes on and on and on for miles.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡๋งˆ์ผ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ„์†๋˜์ฃ .
10:14
This is Papua, New Guinea.
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ํŒŒํ‘ธ์•„ ๋‰ด๊ธฐ๋‹ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
Now little fishes and invertebrates aren't the only things we see down there.
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์ž‘์€ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ฌด์ฒ™์ถ” ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค๋งŒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ƒ์–ด๋„
10:20
We also see sharks,
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋˜๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž์ฃผ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
much more regularly than I would have expected to.
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10:24
We're not quite sure why.
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
What I want you to do now is imagine yourself 400 feet underwater,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ 400ํ”ผํŠธ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
๋“ฑ์— ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ 
10:29
with all this high-tech gear on your back,
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ํŒŒํ‘ธ์•„ ๋‰ด๊ธฐ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ๋œ ์‚ฐํ˜ธํ•ด์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
you're in a remote reef off Papua, New Guinea,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์‹ฌํํ˜ธํก์‹ค์ด ๋ช‡์ฒœ๋งˆ์ผ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๊ณ 
10:33
thousands of miles from the nearest recompression chamber,
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์ƒ์–ด์— ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์—ฌ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:36
and you're completely surrounded by sharks.
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10:38
(Video) Diver 1: (In squeaky voice) Look at those ...
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์˜์ƒ: ์ €๊ฑฐ ๋ด๋ด
10:40
Diver 2: Uh, oh ...
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์ด๋Ÿฐ... ์•„๋‹ˆ!
10:42
Uh, oh!
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์Ÿค๋“ค ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ˆ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„.
10:43
Audience: (Laughter)
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10:44
(Video) Diver 1: I think we have their attention ...
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Richard Pyle: ๋„๋‚ ๋“œ ๋•์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด
10:47
Richard Pyle: When you start talking like Donald Duck,
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10:49
there's no situation in the world that can seem tense.
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์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ธด์žฅ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์€ ์—†์ฃ .
์›ƒ์Œ
10:52
(Laughter)
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10:54
So we're down there -- this is at 400 feet.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 400 ํ”ผํŠธ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
That's looking straight up, by the way, to give a sense of how far the surface is.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์œ„๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋‹ค ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ˆ˜๋ฉด์ด๋ž‘ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž๋ผ์„œ ์ƒ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:01
And if you're a biologist and know about sharks,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด๋ณด์‹œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹œ๋ฉด
11:03
and you want to assess, how much jeopardy am I really in here,
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11:06
there's one question that sort of jumps to the forefront of your mind immediately,
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”.
๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ๋ƒ๋ฉด....
11:12
which is --
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์˜์ƒ: ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ƒ์–ด์•ผ?
11:13
(Video) Diver 1: What kind of sharks?
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์€๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ์–ด.
11:16
Diver 2: Silvertip sharks.
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11:17
Diver 1: Oh.
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์•„ํ•˜.
์€๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ์–ด. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์„ธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ƒ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:19
RP: There are actually three species of sharks here.
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์€๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ์–ด๋Š” ์ง€๋Š๋Ÿฌ๋ฏธ์— ํฐ ํ…Œ๋‘๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ์–ด๊ณ 
11:21
The silvertips are the ones with the white edges on the fins,
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ํšŒ์ƒ‰ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ ์ƒ์–ด์™€ ๊ท€์ƒ์–ด๋„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๊ตฐ์š”.
11:24
and there're also gray reef sharks and hammerheads off in the distance.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฌ๋œฉํ•˜์ฃ .
11:28
And yes, it's a little nerve-racking.
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์˜์ƒ: ํœด!
11:31
(Video) Diver 2: Hoo!
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์ € ์กฐ๊ทธ๋งŒ ๋…€์„ ๊ฝค๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ์„ผ๋ฐ!
11:34
That little guy is frisky!
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11:36
Audience: (Laughter)
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TV ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
Now, you've seen video like this on TV a lot, and it's very intimidating.
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋ฌด์„ญ์ฃ . ๊ทผ๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ์ƒ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ์‹ฌ์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
I think it gives the wrong impression about sharks;
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์ƒ์–ด๋Š” ์›๋ž˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
they're actually not very dangerous animals.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์ด์œ ๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋†๋‹ด์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:48
That's why we weren't worried much and were joking around.
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๋ผ์ง€๋‚˜ ๋ฒˆ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฃฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
More people are killed by pigs, by lightning strikes,
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์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ถ•๊ตฌ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฃฝ์ด์ฃ .
11:54
more people are killed at soccer games in England.
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11:56
There's a lot of other ways you can die.
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์ฐธ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ฃฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
And I'm not making that stuff up.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ๋ง์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
Coconuts! You can get killed by a coconut more likely than killed by a shark.
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์ฝ”์ฝ”๋„›! ์ƒ์–ด์— ์ฃฝ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฝ”์ฝ”๋„›์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์ฃฝ์„ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์ฃ .
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒ์–ด๋Š” ๋งŽ์€์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๋งŒํผ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
So sharks aren't quite as dangerous as most people make them out to be.
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US News and World Report ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
12:08
Now, I don't know if any of you get US News and World Report --
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์ „ ์ตœ๊ทผ๊ป„ ๋ดค๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
12:11
I got the recent issue.
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12:12
There's a cover story about the great explorers of our time.
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์ปค๋ฒ„์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒํ—˜๊ฐ€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ์ œ๋ชฉ์€ "No New Frontiers(๋” ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐœ์ฒ™์ง€๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค)" ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
The last article is entitled, "No New Frontiers."
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ–์— ์ •๋ง ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋Œ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ 
12:19
It questions whether or not there really are any new frontiers out there,
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12:22
whether there are any true, hardcore discoveries that can still be made.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ง„์‹คํ•œ, ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
My favorite line from the article:
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12:27
[... 'discovery' can mean finding a guppy with an extra spine in its dorsal fin."]
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๊ดด์งœ๋กœ์„œ ์ „ ์›ƒ์„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๊ดด์งœ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ž–์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐํ”ผ์—์„œ ์ฒ™์ถ”๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ํฅ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ฃ .
12:31
I have to laugh; they don't call us fish nerds for nothing.
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12:34
We actually do get excited about finding a new dorsal spine in a guppy.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
But it's much more than that.
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•ด์˜จ ๊ฑฐํ”ผ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ตฐ์š”.
12:39
I want to show you a few of the guppies we've found over the years.
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์ด๊ฑด --- ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ชป์ƒ๊ฒผ์–ด์š”.
12:42
This one -- you can see how ugly it is.
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12:44
(Laughter)
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๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„
12:45
Even if you ignore the scientific value of this thing,
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
12:49
look at the monetary value of this thing.
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์ด ๋ช‡๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ์ˆ˜์กฑ๊ด€์—์„œ ํŒ”๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
12:51
A couple of these were sold through the aquarium trade to Japan,
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ํ•œ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋‹น 15000 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ํŒ”๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
where they sold for 15,000 dollars apiece.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ผ ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ์— 50๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์–˜๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
That's half a million dollars a pound.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ์—”์ คํ”ผ์‹œ๋„ ์žˆ๊ตฐ์š”.
12:59
Here's another new angelfish we discovered.
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์ด๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „์— ์žก์€ ๊ฑฐ๊ณ 
13:01
This one we first discovered back in the air days -- the bad old air days,
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๊นŠ์€ ์ž ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ํ›„์—
13:05
when we were doing these kind of dives with air.
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360 ํ”ผํŠธ์—์„œ ์žก์€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
We were at 360 feet.
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13:08
I remember coming up from one of these deep dives and I had this fog,
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์ด ์ž ์ˆ˜์—์„œ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์•ˆ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ๋‚˜๋Š”๊ตฐ์š”. (ํ™˜๊ฐ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋น ์ง)
13:11
and the narcosis takes a little while to fade away, sort of like sobering up.
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ํ™˜๊ฐ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ ค๋ฉด ์ข€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ค์š”.
์ˆ ์—์„œ ๊นจ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ฃ .
13:16
I had this vague recollection of seeing this yellow fish with a black spot,
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ํฌ๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ธฐ์–ต์œผ๋กœ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ž€ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์•„์„œ
"์•„ ์žก์•˜์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ" ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ›„ํšŒํ–ˆ์ฃ .
13:19
and thought, "Damn, I should have caught one --
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์‹ ์ข…์ด์—ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
13:22
I think that's a new species."
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13:23
Eventually, I looked in my bucket.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ ์ œ ์–‘๋™์ด๋ฅผ ๋ดค๋”๋‹ˆ
13:25
Sure enough, I had caught one, I just completely forgot.
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ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ์žก์•„๋†จ๋”๊ตฐ์š”. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊นŒ๋จน์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜€์–ด์š”.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋†ˆ์—๊ฒŒ Centropyge narcosis๋กœ ์ด๋ฆ„์ง€์–ด์คฌ์ฃ .
13:28
So this one, we decided to give the name Centropyge narcosis to.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ณต์‹์  ์ด๋ฆ„์ด๊ณ 
13:32
That's its official scientific name,
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
13:34
in reference to its deep-dwelling habits.
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๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
This is another neat one.
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13:37
When we first found it,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜์„ ๋•Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฅ˜์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
we weren't even sure what family it belonged to,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ Dr. Seuss ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:40
so we just called it the Dr. Seuss fish,
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์ฑ…์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฑฐ๋ž‘ ๋น„์Šทํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
13:42
since it looked like something from one of those books.
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์ด๊ฑฐ ์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
Now, this one's pretty cool.
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13:46
If you go to Papua, New Guinea and go down 300 feet,
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ํŒŒํ‘ธ์•„ ๋‰ด๊ธฐ๋‹ˆ์—์„œ 300ํ”ผํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๋ฉด
ํฐ ์–ธ๋•๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
you'll see these big mounds.
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13:50
This may be hard to see, but they're a couple meters in diameter.
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๋ณด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํž˜๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋Œ€๋žต
์–ด, ์ง€๋ฆ„์ด 1~2 ์ดํ„ฐ ์ •๋„ ๋˜๊ตฌ์š”.
13:53
If you look closely, you'll see there's a little white and gray fish
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์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ž๊ทธ๋งˆํ•œ ํฐ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํฐ์ƒ‰ ํšŒ์ƒ‰ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
13:57
that hangs out near them.
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13:58
It turns out this little white fish builds these giant mounds,
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์ด ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ธ๋•๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ
๋Œ์„ ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์”ฉ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:01
one pebble at a time.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:03
It's extraordinary to find something like this.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ–‰๋™ ๋ฐฉ์‹, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
14:05
It's not just new species, it's new behaviors, new ecology,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฑด
14:08
all kind of new things.
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14:09
What I'm going to show you now, quickly,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ์ข…๋“ค ์ค‘
14:11
is a sampling of the new species we've discovered.
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14:13
What's extraordinary is not just the number of species we're finding --
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ํŠน์ดํ•œ ์ ์€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋ฟ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
์ด๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ์ด ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด๊ณ ์š”,
14:17
though as you can see, that's pretty amazing;
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14:19
this is only half of what we've found --
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
what's extraordinary is how quickly we find them.
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๋ฌผ ์†์—์„œ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ๋•Œ 7 ์ข…์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:24
We're up to seven new species per hour of time we spend at that depth.
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์•„๋งˆ์กด์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ”๋“ค๋ฉด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
14:27
If you go to an Amazon jungle and fog a tree, you may get a lot of bugs,
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14:31
but for fishes, there's nowhere in the world
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์ด ์„ธ์ƒ ์–ด๋Š๊ณณ์—๋„ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
14:33
you can get seven new species per hour of time.
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ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…์„ 7์ข… ์”ฉ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
Now, we've done some back-of-the-envelope calculations,
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ
์˜ˆ์ธกํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด 2000-2500 ๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹ ์ข…์ด
14:39
and we're predicting there are probably about 2,000 to 2,500 new species
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14:42
in the Indo-Pacific alone.
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์ธ๋„-ํƒœํ‰์–‘์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋  ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:44
There are only five to six thousand known species,
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์˜ค์ง ์˜ค-์œก์ฒœ ์ข…๋งŒ์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ์žˆ์ฃ .
14:46
so a very large percentage of what is out there isn't really known.
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์‹ค์ œ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ทนํžˆ ์ผ๋ถ€๋งŒ์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:50
We thought we had a handle on all the reef fish diversity -- evidently not.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐํ˜ธํ•ด ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์Šฌํ”ˆ ๋ช‡๋งˆ๋””๋กœ ๋๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
I'm going to just close on a very somber note.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์ฃ .
14:56
At the beginning, I said I'd show you two extraordinary photographs.
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15:00
This is the second extraordinary photograph I'm going to show you.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ์ดฌ์˜๋œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
This one was taken at the exact moment I was down there filming those sharks.
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15:07
This was taken exactly 300 feet above my head.
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์ œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ 300 ํ”ผํŠธ ์œ„์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ํŠน์ดํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
15:11
The reason this photograph is extraordinary
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ๊ทธ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ์ฐ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:13
is because it captures a moment
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15:14
in the very last minute of a person's life.
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์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์€์ง€ 60์ดˆ๋„ ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:17
Less than 60 seconds after this picture was taken, this guy was dead.
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๊ทธ์˜ ์‹œ์‹ ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:21
When we recovered his body, we figured out what had gone wrong.
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15:24
He had made a very simple mistake;
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
15:26
he turned the wrong valve when he filled his cylinder.
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ํ†ต์„ ์ฑ„์šธ ๋•Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ ธ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
40ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ 80 ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:29
he had 80 percent oxygen in his tank when he should have had 40.
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์ด๋กœ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ž‘์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ต์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:32
He had an oxygen toxicity seizure and he drowned.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง์น˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
15:34
The reason I show this -- not to put a downer on everything --
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์ œ ์‚ถ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์„ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:37
but I just want to use it to key off my philosophy of life in general,
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15:41
which is that we all have two goals.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‘๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:43
The first goal we share with every other living thing on this planet,
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ํ•œ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์ด ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‚ด์•„๋‚จ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ. ์ƒ์กด์ด์ฃ .
15:46
which is to survive.
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15:47
I call it perpetuation: the survival of the species and survival of ourselves,
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์ข…๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ์กด๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ์กด
15:51
And those are both about perpetuating the genome.
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์ด ๋‘˜์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณด์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:54
The second goal, for those of us who have mastered the first goal --
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ชฉ์ ์€, ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
์ •์‹ ์ ์ธ ๋งŒ์กฑ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
15:57
call it spiritual fulfillment, call it financial success,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:02
you can call it any number of different things.
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์ „ ํ–‰๋ณต์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
16:04
I call it seeking joy, this pursuit of happiness.
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ํ–‰๋ณต์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:07
So, I guess my theme on this is this guy lived his life to the fullest,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๊ทธ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:10
he absolutely did.
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์ฃ .
16:11
You have to balance those two goals.
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๊ทธ ๋‘๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์ด ์ž˜ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:13
If you live your whole life in fear --
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์— ๋–จ๋ฉฐ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด
16:15
I mean, life is a sexually transmitted disease with 100 percent mortality.
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์ธ์ƒ์€ ์น˜์‚ฌ์œจ 100%์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:20
So you can't live your life in fear.
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16:22
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
16:24
I thought that was an old one!
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๋œ๊ฑด์ค„ ์•Œ์•˜์–ด์š”.
16:26
(Applause)
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๋ฐ•์ˆ˜
16:27
But at the same time, you don't want to get so focused on rule number two,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฒ•์น™์— ํ•œ๋ˆˆ ํŒ”๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ํŒ”๋ ค์„œ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„์š”.
16:32
goal number two,
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16:33
that you neglect goal number one.
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์ฃฝ๊ณ ๋‚˜๋ฉด ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชป ์ฆ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.
16:35
Because once you're dead, you really can't enjoy anything after that.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์žˆ์„ ํƒํ—˜์—์„œ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ž˜ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:38
So I wish you all the best of luck in maintaining that balance
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16:41
in your future endeavors.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:42
Thanks.
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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