Sasa Vucinic: Why a free press is the best investment

21,365 views ใƒป 2007-01-16

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: HyunMin Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : InHyuk Song
00:25
Video: Narrator: An event seen from one point of view
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์˜์ƒ: ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ: ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
00:28
gives one impression.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์‚ฌํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
Seen from another point of view, it gives quite a different impression.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฝค ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€์š”.
00:38
But it's only when you get the whole picture you can fully understand
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์ฆ‰, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
00:42
what's going on.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
Sasha Vucinic: It's a great clip, isn't it?
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์‚ฌ์ƒค: ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์˜์ƒ์ด์ฃ ?
00:48
And I found that in 29 seconds, it tells more about
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์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋งค์ฒด ์กด์žฌ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ํž˜์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„
00:53
the power of, and importance of, independent media
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
than I could say in an hour.
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์˜์ƒ์˜ ํž˜์ด์ฃ , ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
So I thought that it will be good to start with it.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์งง์€ ์˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์˜ ์ฒซ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žฅ์‹ํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๊ตฌ์š”.
01:03
And also start with a little bit of statistics.
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ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋”, ํ†ต๊ณ„์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
According to relevant researchers, 83 percent of the population of this planet
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์ผ๋ จ์˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ 83ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์  ์–ธ๋ก ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
01:12
lives in the societies without independent press.
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๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
Think about that number: 83 percent of the population on the whole planet
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๋ฌด๋ ค 83ํผ์„ผํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ 83ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ
01:22
does not really know what is going on in their countries.
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์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
The information they get gets filtered through somebody
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ ‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋ณด์•˜์ž ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์œ—์„ ์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์—ด ๋œ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ฒ ๊ณ 
01:30
who either twists that information, or colors that information,
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๊ฒ€์—ด์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์™œ๊ณกํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๋‹จ ์–˜๊ธฐ์ฃ .
01:34
does something with it.
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์ฆ‰, ์ •๋ณด์กฐ์ž‘์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
So they're deprived of understanding their reality.
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๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ด ์ง„์‹ค์„ ์•Œ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํƒˆ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
That is just to understand how big and important this problem is.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
Now those of you who are lucky enough to live in those societies
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ํ•œํŽธ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฑธ ๋งŒ๋ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด๋‚˜ ์ €๋Š”
01:53
that represent 17 percent, I think should enjoy it until it lasts.
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 17ํผ์„ผํŠธ์— ์†ํ•œ ํ–‰์šด์•„๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
You know, Sunday morning, you flick the paper, get your cappuccino.
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์ผ์š”์ผ ์•„์นจ์— ๋Š๊ธ‹ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋ฉด์„œ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์„ ๋’ค์ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
02:03
Enjoy it while it lasts.
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์ด ํ–‰์šด์„ ์ฆ๊ฒจ์•ผ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
02:04
Because as we heard yesterday, countries can lose stars from their flags,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด์ œ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์ด ์ž์œ ์™€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์„œ์ง€๋งŒ
02:11
but they can also lose press freedom,
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์–ธ๋ก ์˜ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ์–ต์••ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
as I guess Americans among us can tell us more about.
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์ „ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ์ด ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
But that's totally another and separate topic.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€๋Š” ๋™๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ด๋‹ˆ
02:22
So I can go back to my story.
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์ด์ œ ์ €์˜ ๋ณธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:26
My story starts -- the story I want to share -- starts in 1991.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” 1991๋…„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
At that time I was running B92, the only independent,
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๋‹น์‹œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์œ ์ผ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์–ธ๋ก ์ธ B92๋ฅผ
02:35
for that matter the only electronic media, in the country.
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์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
02:38
And I guess we were sharing -- we had that regular life of the only
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์ง์ž‘ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ๋น„์ฐธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง–์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์„œ์Šฌํผ๋Ÿฐ
02:43
independent media in the country, operating in hostile environment,
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์—ด์•…ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์œ ์ผ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์–ธ๋ก ๋งค์ฒด๋กœ์„œ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—”
02:49
where government really wants to make your life miserable.
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ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด์ฃ .
02:53
And there are different ways.
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์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋ž€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
Yeah, it was the usual cocktail:
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๋ญ๋ž„๊นŒ, ์นตํ…Œ์ผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋น„์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
02:55
a little bit of threats, a little bit of friendly advice,
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘ ์กฐ๊ธˆ, ์–ด์ฉ”๋•Œ๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์จ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•œ ์กฐ์–ธ ์กฐ๊ธˆ,
02:58
a little bit of financial police, a little bit of text control,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์žฌ์ •์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ, ์„ธ๊ธˆ๊ด€๋ จ ์กฐ์ •๋“ฑ๋„ ๋นผ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
03:02
so you always have somebody who never leaves your office.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ดด๋กญํž˜์€ ๋Š์ž„์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
But what they really do, which is very powerful,
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์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ดด๋กญํž˜์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ ,
03:11
and that is what governments in the late '90s started doing
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90๋…„๋‚ด ๋ง๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ง€์š”.
03:15
if they don't like independent media companies --
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ •๋ถ€ ์ทจํ–ฅ์— ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ ์–ธ๋ก ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
03:17
you know, they threaten your advertisers.
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์ฆ‰์‹œ ์–ธ๋ก ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ด‘๊ณ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ˜‘๋ฐ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
Once they threaten your advertisers, market forces are actually,
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ํ˜‘๋ฐ•๋ฐ›์€ ๊ด‘๊ณ ์ฃผ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ํ•œ๋งˆ๋””๋กœ
03:24
you know, destroyed, and the advertisers do not want to come --
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์ ˆ๋‹จ์ด ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•˜๋“  ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋“ 
03:29
no matter how much does it make sense for them --
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์ •๋ถ€์— ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ํ˜ผ์ญ์ด ๋‚œ ๊ด‘๊ณ ์ฃผ์ค‘ ์–ด๋Š ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ
03:32
do not want to come and advertise.
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๊ทธ ์–ธ๋ก ์‚ฌ์— ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋ ค ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.
03:34
And you have a problem making ends meet.
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์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋ ˆ ์–ธ๋ก ์€ ์ˆ˜์ต๊ฑฑ์ •์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ํŒ์ด ๋˜์ฃ .
03:38
At that time at the beginning of the '90s, we had that problem,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ 90๋…„๋Œ€์ดˆ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
which was, you know, survival below one side,
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์ด๋ฅธ ๋ฐ”, ์–ธ๋ก ํšกํฌ์— ๋งž์„œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
but what was really painful for me was,
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:48
remember, the beginning of the '90s, Yugoslavia is falling apart.
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90๋…„๋Œ€์ดˆ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ์œ ๊ณ ์Šฌ๋ผ๋น„์•„์˜ ๋ถ•๊ดด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
We were sitting over there with a country in a downfall,
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์„œ์„œํžˆ ํ•ด์ฒด๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์กฐ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„
03:54
in a slow-motion downfall.
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๋‘ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
And we all had all of that on tapes.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
We had the ability to understand what was going on.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ์ „๋ง์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
04:04
We were actually recording history.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๊ทธ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋Š” ์…ˆ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:06
The problem was that we had to re-tape that history a week later;
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํ…Œ์žŽ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ด์„œ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•œ ํ…Œ์žŽ์œ„์—
04:11
because if we did not, we could not afford enough tapes
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์„ ๋ฎ์–ด ์”Œ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
to keep archives of that history.
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์–ด์ฉ” ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์„ ํƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
So if I gave you that picture, I don't want to go too long on that.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ์˜์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋  ํ…๋ฐ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:23
In that context a gentleman came to my office at that time.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ํ•œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ์ €ํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
It was still 1991.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ 1991๋…„์ด์—ˆ๊ตฌ์š”.
04:28
He was running a media systems organization
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ํ•œ ์–ธ๋ก ๋งค์ฒด์žฌ๋‹จ์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ ๋ถ„์€
04:31
which is still in business, the gentleman is still in business.
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋„ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
And what did I know at that time about media systems?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋‹น์‹œ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๋ก ์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์•Œ์•˜์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:37
I would think media systems were organizations,
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š” ์•„๋งˆ ์–ธ๋ก ์ œ๋„๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €๊ฐ™์€ ์–ธ๋ก ์ธ์„
04:40
which means they should help you.
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์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฌ๋‹จ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
So I prepared two plans for that meeting, two strategic plans:
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ถ„๊ณผ์˜ ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ์•ž๋‘๊ณ  ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
the small one and the big one.
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์ž‘์€ ๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ ํฐ ๊ณ„ํš์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
04:49
The small one was, I just wanted him
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์šฐ์„  ์ž‘์€ ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋ž€ ๊ทธ์ € ๊ทธ ๋ถ„์ด ์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ
04:51
to help us get those damn tapes,
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์ข€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ…Œ์žŽ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•ด์ฃผ์–ด์„œ
04:53
so we can keep that archive for the next 50 years.
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ํ–ฅ ํ›„ 50๋…„๊ฐ„์€ ํ…Œ์žŽ ๊ฑฑ์ •์—†์ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
04:57
The big plan was to ask him for a 1,000,000-dollar loan.
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์ข€ ๋” ํฐ ๊ณ„ํš์€ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์œต์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
Because I thought, I still maintain,
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ์ธ ์ฆ‰์Šจ, ๋‹น์‹œ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€๋งŒ
05:05
that serious and independent media companies are great business.
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๋…๋ฆฝ ์–ธ๋ก ์˜ ์šด์˜์ด ํฐ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ๋˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
05:09
And I thought that B92 will survive and be a great company
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ผ๋‹จ ๋ฐ€๋กœ์„ธ๋น„์น˜ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋งŒ ์ถ•์ถœ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด, ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์‹ค์ œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
05:13
once Milosevic is gone, which turned out to be true.
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B92๊ฐ€ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์•„ ํฐ ์–ธ๋ก ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ๋˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ ํ™•์‹ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
It's now probably either the biggest or the second biggest
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ, B92 ์„ธ๋ฅด๋น„์•„์˜ ์ผ, ์ด๋“ฑ์„ ๋‹คํˆฌ๋Š”
05:19
media company in the country.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์–ธ๋ก ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
And I thought that the only thing that we needed at that time
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฐ์ ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€
05:24
was 1,000,000-dollar loan to take us through those hard times.
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๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์œต์ž๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
To make a long story short, the gentleman comes into the office,
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ํ•  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ง€๋งŒ ์ค„์ด์ž๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ๋ถ„์€ ๋ฉ‹์ง„์ •์žฅ๊ณผ ๋„ฅํƒ€์ด๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ณ 
05:32
great suit and tie.
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์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
I gave him what I thought was a brilliant explanation
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ •์น˜์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ฆ„๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด
05:40
of the political situation and explained how hard and difficult
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์ด ์ „์Ÿ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ํž˜๋“ค๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋ ์ง€
05:45
the war will be.
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๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
Actually, I underestimated the atrocities, I have to admit.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง„ ์ธ์ข…์ฒญ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋‘์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
Anyway, after that whole, big, long explanation,
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์–ด์จŒ๋“ , ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์žฅํ™ฉํ•œ ์ €์˜ ์„ค๋ช…์ด ๋๋‚˜๊ณ 
05:53
the only question he had for me -- and this is not a joke --
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๋†๋‹ด์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ทธ ๋ถ„์ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง„ ๋‹จ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ
05:58
is, are we paying royalties after we broadcast music
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๋งˆ์ดํด ์žญ์Šจ ์Œ์•…์„ ํ‹€๊ณ  ์Œ๋ฐ˜ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋กœ์—ดํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์˜
06:02
of Michael Jackson?
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์—ฌ๋ถ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
That was really the only question he had.
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
He left, and I remember being actually very angry at myself
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„์€ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋•Œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์ œ ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ„๋…ธํ•˜์˜€๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์ง๋„ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
because I thought there must be an institution in the world
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์—๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช… ์–ธ๋ก  ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ์œต์ž๋ฅผ
06:19
that is providing loans to media companies.
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ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์Œ์ด ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
06:22
It's so obvious, straight in your face,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”? ๋ถ„๋ช… ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š”
06:25
and somebody must have thought of it.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์•ˆํ–ˆ์„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ 
06:26
Somebody must have started something like that.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์‹คํ–‰์— ์˜ฎ๊ฒผ์„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ๋ฐ.
06:29
And I thought, I'm just dumb and I cannot find it.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ชป๋‚ฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์„ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
You know, in my defense, there was no Google at that time;
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์ œ ๋‚˜๋ฆ„๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ๋ณ€๋ช…์„ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์—” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์—”์ง„์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
you could not just Google in '91.
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91๋…„๋„์— ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์€ ๊ฟˆ๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:38
So I thought that that's actually my problem.
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์•„๋ฌดํŠผ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
Now we go from here, fast forward to 1995.
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์ด์ œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ 1995๋…„์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น๊ฒจ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
06:46
I have -- I left the country, I have a meeting with George Soros,
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์ €๋Š” ์กฐ๊ตญ์„ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ์กฐ์ง€ ์†Œ๋กœ์Šค์”จ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
trying for the third time to convince him that
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ถ„์ด ์†Œ์œ ํ•œ ์žฌ๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ
06:58
his foundation should invest in something that should
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์–ธ๋ก  ์€ํ–‰๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํˆฌ์žํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„
07:01
operate like a media bank.
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์„ค๋“ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์˜€์ฃ .
07:05
And basically what I was saying is very simple.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹œ์— ๋งํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
You know, forget about charity; it doesn't work.
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๊ฐ€๋ น, '์ž์„  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฑด ๋„์›€์ด ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
07:09
Forget about handouts; 20,000 dollars do not help anybody.
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'2๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ง€์›๊ธˆ? ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ ์ฝ”์— ๊ฐ–๋‹ค ๋ถ€์นฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.'
07:14
What you should do is you should treat media companies as a business.
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'๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์–ธ๋ก ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค' ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
It's business anywhere.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฐฉ๊ณก๊ณก์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์ด์ง€์š”.
07:20
Media business, or any other business, it needs to be capitalized.
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์˜์ƒ๋งค์ฒด์ด๋“ , ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์–ธ๋ก ์ด๋“  ์ž๋ณธ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
And what these guys need, actually, is access to capital.
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์ž๋ณธ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
So third meeting, arguments are pretty well exercised.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋งŒ๋‚จ์—์„œ ๊ธ€์Ž„์š” ๊ฝค ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
07:33
At the end of the meeting he says,
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์†Œ๋กœ์Šค์”จ๋Š” ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚  ๋ฌด๋ ต ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:35
look, it is not going to work; you will never see your money back;
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'๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—” ๊ฐ€๋ง์ด ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋„ค, ํˆฌ์žํ•œ ๋ˆ์˜ ๋ณธ์ „๋„ ๋ฝ‘์ง€ ๋ชปํ• ๊ฑธ์„ธ.'
07:39
but my foundations will put 500,000 dollars so you can test the idea.
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'ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 50๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์žํ•ด๋ณผํ…Œ๋‹ˆ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ž๋„ค์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒŒ๋‚˜,' ๋ผ๊ตฌ์š”.
07:44
See that it will not work.
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์•ˆ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์…จ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
He said, I'll give you a rope to hang yourself.
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'๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋ชฉ ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋•Œ ๋กœํ”„ ๊ฑฑ์ •์€ ๋ง๊ฒŒ.' ๋ผ๊ณ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งํ•˜์…จ์ฃ .
07:51
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:53
I knew two things after that meeting.
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๋งŒ๋‚จ์ด ๋๋‚˜๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
First, under no circumstances I want to hang myself.
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์ฒซ ์งธ, ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋„ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ ๋งค๋‹ฌ์ผ์€ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
08:00
And second, that I have no idea how to make it work.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋ง‰์ƒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผํ• ์ง€ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋‹ค, ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
You see, at the level of a concept, it was a great concept.
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด, ๊ตฌ์ƒ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ์ƒ์ด ๊ฝค ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
08:10
But it's one thing to have a concept;
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๊ตฌ์ƒ์€ ๊ตฌ์ƒ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๊ณ ,
08:12
it's a totally separate thing to actually make it work.
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์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ด์ง€์š”.
08:15
So I had absolutely no idea how that could actually work.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผํ• ์ง€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ฐ์„ ์žก์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
Had the wrong idea; I thought that we can be a bank.
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์ฐจ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์งœ ์€ํ–‰์ด๋‚˜ ์—ด์ž๋Š” ์—‰๋šฑํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
08:22
You see banks -- I don't know if there are any bankers over here;
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์€ํ–‰์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
08:25
I apologize in advance -- but it's the best job in the world.
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๋จผ์ € ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ป˜์š”, ์€ํ–‰์€ ์ •๋ง ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ง์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
You know, you find somebody who is respectable
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์€ํ–‰์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…๋ง์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ž๋“ค์„
08:32
and has a lot of money.
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์ฐพ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋ ค์šด์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€์š”.
08:33
You give them more money; they repay you that over a time.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ณ , ์–ผ๋งˆ์— ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๋ˆ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
08:38
You collect interest and do nothing in between.
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์ด์ž๋งŒ ๋ชจ์•„๋„ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜์ง€์š”.
08:40
So I thought, why don't we get into that business?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์€ํ–‰์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ค์–ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ? ๋ผ๊ณ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:44
So here we are having our first client, brilliant.
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
First independent newspaper in Slovakia.
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์Šฌ๋กœ๋ฐ”ํ‚ค์•„์˜ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์‚ฌ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
08:52
The government cutting them off
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์ •๋ถ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜๋„ ๋ธŒ๋ผํ‹ฐ์Šฌ๋ผ๋ฐ”์—์„œ ์ผ์ฒด์˜ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž‘์„
08:53
from all the printing facilities in Bratislava.
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๊ธˆ์ง€๋‹นํ•œ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
So here's the daily newspaper
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์ผ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
08:57
that has to be printed 400 kilometers away from the capital.
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์ˆ˜๋„์—์„œ 400ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ธ์‡„๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
It's a daily newspaper with a deadline of 4 p.m.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋งˆ๊ฐ์‹œํ•œ์€ ์˜คํ›„ 4์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
That means that they have no sports;
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์Šคํฌ์ธ ๋ž€์ด๋‚˜
09:07
they have no latest news; circulation goes down.
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์ตœ์‹ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ํŒ๋งค ๋ถ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
09:10
It's a kind of very nice, sophisticated way
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์•ผ๋น„ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ธ๋ จ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
09:13
how to economically strangle a daily newspaper.
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ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฅ์ฃ„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
They come to us with a request for a loan.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทธ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์œต์ž๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
They want to -- the only way for them to survive
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํƒ€๊ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
09:21
is to get a printing press.
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์ธ์‡„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ตฌ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:23
And we said, that's fine; let's meet;
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š”, ๊ทธ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์‚ฌ์— ์‚ฌ์—…๊ตฌ์ƒํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์งœ์˜จ ๋‹ค์Œ
09:26
you'll bring us your business plan, which eventually they did.
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๋งŒ๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
We start the meeting.
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ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ
09:32
I get these two pieces of paper, not like this, A4 format,
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๋‘ ์žฅ์˜ A4์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
so it's much bigger.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹จ ๋” ํฌ์ฃ .
09:38
A lot of numbers there. A lot of numbers.
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์ข…์ด์—” ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋นผ๊ณกํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
But however you put it, you know, the numbers
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋“ค์ด
09:43
do not make any sense.
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.
09:45
And that's the best they could do.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์‚ฌ๋กœ์„  ํ•  ๊ฑธ ๋‹ค ํ•œ ์…ˆ์ด์ง€์š”.
09:47
We were the best that they could do.
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์ €ํฌ๋ฐ–์—” ์˜์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
So that is how we understood what our method is.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ €ํฌ ๋‚˜๋ฆ„์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
It's not a bank. We had to actually
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ง„์งœ ์€ํ–‰์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์‹  ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ
09:53
go into these companies and earn our return
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๊ณ ๊ฐ์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์šด์˜์„ ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ 
09:57
by fixing them -- by establishing management systems,
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์šด์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธํ•˜์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ „์ˆ˜ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
10:00
by providing all that knowledge, how do you run a business
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ์šด์˜ ์š”๋ น์„ ์Šต๋“ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ ์–‘์งˆ์˜ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ์–‘์ƒํ•จ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ
10:02
on one side -- while they all know how to run, how to create content.
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์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์ต์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋Œ๋ ค๋ฐ›๋Š” ํ˜•์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
Just quickly on the results.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋งŒ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด
10:14
Over these 10 years, 40 million dollars in affordable financing,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์•ฝ 4์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์šด์šฉ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
average interest rate five percent to six percent.
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์ด์œจ์€ 5~6ํผ์„ผํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
Lately we are going wild, charging seven percent from time to time.
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์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ฌด๋ชจํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 7ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋กœ ์กฐ์ •ํ• ๋•Œ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
We do it in 17 countries of the developing world.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์•ฝ 17์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์— ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
And here is the most stunning number.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ต‰์žฅํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ˆ˜์œจ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
10:36
Return rate -- the one that Soros was so worried about -- 97 percent.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์†Œ๋กœ์Šค์”จ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ๋ฐ, ๋ฌด๋ ค 97ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
97 percent of all the scheduled repayments came back to us on time.
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97ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜ ๋Œ€์ถœ์ด์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฉ๊ธฐ์ผ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž…๊ธˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
What do we typically finance?
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š”์š”?
10:48
We finance anything that a media company would need,
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์ธ์‡„๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐœ์‹ ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ธ๋ก ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ
10:51
from printing presses to transmitters.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
What is most important is we do it
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€ ํ˜•์‹, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
11:01
either in form of loans, equities, lease --
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๋Œ€์ถœ, ์ž„๋Œ€๋“ฑ์— ๊ตฌ์• ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
11:04
whatever is appropriate for, you know, supporting anybody.
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๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋ผ๋„ ์ง€์›์„ ์•„๊นŒ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
But what is most important here is, who do we finance?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€, ๊ณผ์—ฐ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ๋Š๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผํ…๋ฐ์š”
11:12
We believe that in the last 10 years companies
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์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ณธ์ง€์›์„ ํ•ด์ค€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€
11:14
that we've financed are actually the best media companies
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๋Œ€๊ฐœ ๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ, ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์–ธ๋ก ์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ 
11:18
in the developing world.
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๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
That is a "Who is Who" list.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ 'ํ›„์ฆˆ ํ›„' ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
And I could spend hours talking about them,
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์ €ํฌ์™€ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
11:27
because they're all kind of heroes.
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๋ช‡์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
11:28
And I can, but I'll give you just, maybe one,
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ ํ•œ ๊ณณ,
11:31
and depending on time I may give you two examples
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‘ ๊ณณ์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
11:34
who we work with.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
You see we started working in Eastern and Central Europe,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋™, ์ค‘์•™์œ ๋Ÿฝ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ
11:37
and moved to Russia.
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
Our first loan in Russia was in Chelyabinsk.
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์ฒผ๋žด๋นˆ์Šคํฌ์—์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
I'll bet half of you have never heard of that place.
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์ฒผ๋žด๋นˆ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์•„์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„์€ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
In the south of Russia there's a guy called
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์ด ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ๋‚จ์ชฝ์— ๋ณด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋ผ๋Š”
11:48
Boris Nikolayevich Kirshin, who is running
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๋…๋ฆฝ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š”
11:50
an independent newspaper there.
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์ฒญ๋…„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
The city was closed until early '90s
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์ด ๋„์‹œ๋Š” 90๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์™ธ๋ถ€์™€์˜ ์ ‘์ด‰์ด ์—„๊ฒฉํžˆ ํ†ต์ œ๋œ ๋„์‹œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
because, of all things, they were producing glass for Tupolev planes.
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์ด ๊ณณ์€ ๊ตฐ์ˆ˜๋ฌผํ’ˆ ์ƒ์‚ฐ,์กฐ๋‹ฌ์˜ ์š”์ถฉ์ง€์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
12:01
Anyway, he's running independent newspaper there.
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์•„๋ฌดํŠผ, ์ฒญ๋…„ ๋ณด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ตฌ์š”.
12:05
After two years working with us, he becomes
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์ €ํฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•œ 2๋…„ ํ›„, ๋ณด๋ฆฌ์Šค์˜ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์‚ฌ๋Š”
12:07
the most respected newspaper in that small place.
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๊ทธ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‹ ๋ฌธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
Governor comes to him one day,
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์ฃผ์ง€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ณด๋ฆฌ์Šค์—๊ฒŒ ์™€์„œ,
12:15
actually invites him to come to his office.
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์•„๋‹ˆ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ฃผ์ง€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘๋ฌด์‹ค๋กœ ์ดˆ์ฒญํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
12:17
He goes and sees the governor. The governor says,
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๋ณด๋ฆฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ง‘๋ฌด์‹ค์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋‹ˆ, ์ฃผ์ง€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ,
12:20
Boris Nikolayevich, I understand you are doing a great job,
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'๋ณด๋ฆฌ์Šค์”จ, ์ •๋ง ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋“ค์—ˆ์†Œ.'
12:22
and you are the most respected newspaper in our district.
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'์ด ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‹ ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ .'
12:28
And I want to offer you a deal.
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'๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚ด ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•  ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ.'
12:32
Can you please give me your newspaper for the next nine months,
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'์•ž์œผ๋กœ 9๊ฐœ์›”์ •๋„ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋„˜๊ธฐ๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋˜๊ฒ ์†Œ.'
12:35
because I have elections --
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'9๊ฐœ์›” ํ›„์— ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ.'
12:37
there are elections coming up in nine months.
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'๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ถœ๋งˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ์ง€๋งŒ.'
12:40
I will not run, but it's very important for me
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'๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด ๋’ค๋ฅผ ์ž‡๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๊ฐ€'
12:43
who is going to succeed me.
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'์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ง€.'
12:45
So give me the paper for nine months. I'll give it back to you.
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'๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋‚ด 9๊ฐœ์›”๋งŒ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์†Œ์œ ์ข€ ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ํ›„์— ๋Œ๋ ค ๋“œ๋ฆดํ…Œ๋‹ˆ.'
12:47
I have no interest in being in media business.
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'๋‚œ ์–ธ๋ก  ์‚ฌ์—…์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์—†๊ฑฐ๋“ .'
12:50
How much would that cost?
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'์–ผ๋งˆ๋ฉด ๋˜๊ฒ ์†Œ?'
12:53
Boris Nikolayevich says, "It's not for sale."
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์ด์— ๋ณด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋Š”, '์ด ์‹ ๋ฌธ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํŒ”์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
12:55
The governor says, "We will close you."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ์ฃผ์ง€์‚ฌ๋Š”, '๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ์ผœ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์†Œ.' ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
12:58
Boris Nikolayevich says, "No, you cannot do it."
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๋ณด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
13:00
Six months later the newspaper was closed.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 6๊ฐœ์›” ํ›„, ์‹ ๋ฌธ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
Luckily, we had enough time to help Boris Nikolayevich
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šด ์ข‹๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ณด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋„์™€ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ž์žฌ๋“ค์„ ๋นผ์˜ค๊ณ 
13:07
take all the assets out of that company and bring him into a new one,
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ๅ‰ ์ง์›๋“ค์„ ์žฌ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ตฌ๋…์ž๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ๋“ฑ,
13:11
to get all the subscription lists, rehire staff.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹ ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ† ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
So what the governor got was an empty shell.
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์ฃผ์ง€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋นผ์•—์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋นˆ ๊ป๋ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฟ์ด ์…ˆ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
13:18
But that is what happens if you're in business of independent media,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋…๋ฆฝ ์–ธ๋ก ๋งค์ฒด์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ํ˜น์€
13:22
and if you are a banker for independent media.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๊ธˆ์ง€์›์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ• ๋•Œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋งˆ์ฃผ์น˜๋Š” ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
So it sounds like a great story.
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์†Œ์„ค๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ด์ง€์š”.
13:32
Somewhere down the road we opened a media management center.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๋‚ด์— ์–ธ๋ก ๋งค์ฒด๊ด€๋ฆฌ์„ผํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์—ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
We started our media lab, sounds like a real great story.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์–ธ๋ก ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋„ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ–ˆ์ฃ , ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
But there is a second angle to that.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์—” ์ด๋ฉด์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
The second angle, like in this clip.
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๊ฐ•์—ฐ ์ฒ˜์Œ์˜ ์˜์ƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์œ„์— ์œ„์น˜ ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด
13:44
If you take the camera above, you start thinking
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์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ณด์ด๋“ฏ, ์ˆซ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
13:46
about these numbers again.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:47
40 million dollars over 10 years spread over 17 countries.
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์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ, 17๊ฐœ๊ตญ์—์„œ 4์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ผ.
13:54
That is not too much, is it?
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
It's actually just a drop in the sea.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์˜ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์•Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ• ๊นŒ์š”.
13:58
Because when you think about the importance,
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์ •์ž‘ ๊ทธ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
14:00
some of the issues that we were talking about last night --
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์ด๋ฒˆ TED์—์„  ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:03
this last session we had about Africa and his
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ํŠนํžˆ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ „ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€
14:05
hypothetical 50 billion dollars destined for Africa.
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๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ 500์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ƒ ์ง€์› ๊ธˆ์•ก๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
14:10
All of those, not all, half of those problems mentioned last night --
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์ „๋ถ€๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ์–ด์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๊ฒŒ
14:16
government accountability, corruption, how do you fight corruption,
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๋ถ€์ •๋ถ€ํŒจ์— ๊ทธ ์ฒ™๊ฒฐ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
14:21
giving voice to unheard, to poor --
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:24
it's why independent media is in business.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋…๋ฆฝ์–ธ๋ก ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ช…๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:28
And it's why it was invented.
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๋…๋ฆฝ์–ธ๋ก ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:30
So from that perspective, what we did is just really
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋„“์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์ €ํฌ์˜ ์—ฌ์ •์€
14:33
one drop in the sea of that need that we can identify.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์˜ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์•Œ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
14:40
Now ours is just one story.
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์ €ํฌ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ์ € ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
I'm sure that in this room there are, like, 15 other wonderful stories
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์ด๊ณณ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ’์ง„ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ ์žฌ๋‹จ์—์„œ
14:46
of nonprofits doing spectacular work.
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์˜ค์‹ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์œผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:49
Here is where the problem is,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ,
14:52
and I'll explain to you as well as I can what the problem is.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:58
And it's called fundraising.
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๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์กฐ๋‹ฌ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:00
Imagine that this third of this room is filled
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ชจ์ด์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ 3๋ถ„์˜ 1์€
15:04
with people who represent different foundations.
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๊ฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ์ธต์˜ ์žฌ๋‹จ์—์„œ ์˜ค์…จ๊ณ ,
15:07
Imagine two thirds over here running excellent organizations,
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 3๋ถ„์˜ 2๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์ด๋„์‹œ๋ฉฐ
15:12
doing very important work.
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์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ž„๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:15
Now imagine that every second person over here
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ์ƒ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ . ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ์„œ
15:17
is deaf, does not hear, and switch the lights off.
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๊ณ„์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ด ๊ท€๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋˜ ๋ถˆ๋งˆ์ € ๊บผ์ ธ์žˆ์–ด ์•„์ฃผ ๊นœ๊นœํ•˜๋‹ค๊ตฌ์š”.
15:22
Now that is how difficult it is to match people
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ๊ณณ์— ๋ชจ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜
15:24
from this side of the room
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์†Œํ†ต์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์€
15:26
with people of that side of the room.
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๋‹น์—ฐํ•œ ๋ง์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
15:29
So we thought that some kind of a big idea is needed
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜€๋˜ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” '๊ธฐ๊ธˆ๋ชจ์ง‘'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
15:34
to reform, to totally rethink fundraising.
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๊ด€๋…์„ ์ฒ ์ €ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:39
You know, instead of people running in this dark,
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์•„๊นŒ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋‘์šด ๊ณณ์—์„œ
15:41
trying to find their own match, who will be willing,
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์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
15:44
who has the same goals.
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ์• ์ผ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
15:46
Instead of all of that we thought there is --
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๊ธฐ๊ธˆ๋ชจ์ง‘์ด๋ž€ ๊ด€๋…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด
15:49
something new needs to be invented.
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์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ˆ๋ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
And we came up with this idea of issuing bonds,
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ '์–ธ๋ก  ์ž์œ  ์ฑ„๊ถŒ'์„ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„
15:55
press freedom bonds.
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ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:56
If there are investors willing to finance
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์žฌ์ •์ ์ž๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•ด์ค„
16:03
U.S. government budget deficit,
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ํˆฌ์ž์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
16:05
why wouldn't we find investors willing to finance
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'์–ธ๋ก  ์ž์œ  ์ ์ž'์—๋„ ํ”์พŒํžˆ ์žฌ์ •์  ์ง€์›์„
16:08
press freedom deficit?
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ํ•ด์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ? ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
16:11
We've decided to do it this fall; we will issue them,
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ€์„์„ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ์ฒœ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์•ก๊ถŒ์˜
16:13
probably in denominations of 1,000 dollars.
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์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ด ๋ฐœํ–‰๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:16
I don't want to advertise them too much; that's not the point.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ , ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ด‘๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”, ์š”์ ์€ ์ด๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:18
But the point is, if we ever survive to actually issue them,
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๋‹ค๋งŒ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์„ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ ,
16:22
find enough investors that this can be considered a success,
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๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚œ๊ด€์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
16:26
there's nothing stopping the next organization
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์„ ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ํ›„๋ฐœ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์„ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
16:29
to start to issue bonds next spring.
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์žฅ์• ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ž€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:34
And those can be environmental bonds.
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๊ฐ€๋ น ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ํ˜•์‹์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ตฌ์š”.
16:36
And then two weeks later, Iqbal Quadir can issue his
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ฃผ ํ›„๋ฉด ์ดํฌ๋ฐœ ์นด๋””๋ฅด์”จ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ์—
16:41
electricity in Bangladesh bonds.
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์ฑ„๊ถŒ์„ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:44
And before you know it, any social cause
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๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์–ด๋– ํ•œ
16:47
can be actually financed in this way.
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๊ธˆ์œต๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๋ถ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:50
Now we do daydreaming in 11:30 with 55 seconds left.
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์•„์นจ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณต์ƒ๋งŒ ๋Š˜์–ด ๋†“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ
16:55
But let's take the idea further.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
16:57
You do it, you start it in the States, because it's,
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์šฐ์„  ์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๋จผ์ € ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์†์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:00
you know, concepts are very, very close to American minds.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ๊ฐœ๋…์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์™€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ๋งž์•„๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:03
But you can actually bring it to Europe, too.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ๋„ ์‹คํ–‰๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:05
You can bring it to Asia.
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์•„์‹œ์•„๋„ ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ตฌ์š”.
17:07
You can, once you have all of those different points,
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๊ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๊ฟฐ์ฐจ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
17:11
you can make it easy for investors.
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ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:13
Put all of those bonds at one place
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์„ ํ•œ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ์œผ๋ฉด
17:15
and they sit down and click.
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๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‰ฌ์›Œ์ง€์ฃ .
17:17
Once you have more than 10 of them
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์ผ๋‹จ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค ์—ด ๋ช…์ด์ƒ๋งŒ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋ฉด,
17:19
you have to develop some kind of a matrix.
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๊ทธ ํ›„์—๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ง์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:22
What do investors get?
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ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์ด ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
17:23
On one side financial, on the other side social.
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์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” ์žฌ์ •์ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์ , ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:26
So that brings the idea of some kind of rating agency,
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๋ชจ๋‹์Šคํƒ€๊ฐ™์€ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
17:32
Morningstar type.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
17:34
It says, you know, social impact over here is spectacular, five stars.
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'์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณ„ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์คŒ'
17:38
Financial, they give you one percent, only one star.
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'์žฌ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณ„ ํ•˜๋‚˜' ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ์š”.
17:42
Now take it to the last step.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
17:46
Once you have all of that put together,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์„ ๋งค์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉด,
17:48
there's not one reason why you couldn't actually have
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ„์•ผ๋“ 
17:53
a marketplace for all of that,
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์ง„์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:55
where you cannot dispose of all of those bonds in a pretty quick way.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žฌ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์„ ๋งค๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
18:00
And in that way you organize the financing
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์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์กฐ๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:03
so there are no dark rooms, no blind people
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์ด๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์žฅ๋‹˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋‘์šด ๋ฐฉ์—์„œ
18:05
running around to find each other.
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์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ์• ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:07
Thank you.
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๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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