Robert Fischell: TED Prize wish: Finding new cures for migraine, depression, malpractice

21,071 views ใƒป 2007-01-12

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Uri Ladell ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:26
I'm going to discuss with you three of my inventions
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ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื•ื—ื— ืื™ืชื›ื ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื”ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœื™
00:30
that can have an effect on 10 to a 100 million people,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืขื“ ืžืื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื,
00:35
which we will hope to see happen.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ.
00:38
We discussed, in the prior film, some of the old things that we did,
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ืฉื•ื—ื—ื ื•, ื‘ืกืจื˜ ื”ืงื•ื“ื, ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ,
00:42
like stents and insulin pumps for the diabetic.
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ื›ืžื• ืกื˜ื ื˜ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื ืกื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืœื™ ืกื•ื›ืจืช.
00:45
And I'd like to talk very briefly about three new inventions
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉื•ื—ื— ื‘ืงืฆืจื” ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
00:50
that will change the lives of many people.
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ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
00:54
At the present time, it takes an average of three hours
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ื›ืขืช, ื“ืจื•ืฉื•ืช ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช
00:57
after the first symptoms of a heart attack are recognized by the patient,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื—ื•ืœื” ืžื–ื”ื” ืืฆืœื• ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘
01:00
before that patient arrives at an emergency room.
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœื—ื“ืจ ืžื™ื•ืŸ.
01:04
And people with silent ischemia --
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ื•ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืื™ืกื›ืžื™ื” ืฉืงื˜ื” -
01:06
which, translated into English, means they don't have any symptoms --
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ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ื”ื™ื, ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ืœืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื -
01:10
it takes even longer for them to get to the hospital.
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ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืขื“ ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
01:13
The AMI, Acute Myocardial Infarction,
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ื” AMI, ืื•ื˜ื ืฉืจื™ืจ ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืืงื•ื˜ื™,
01:17
which is a doctor's big word so they can charge you more money --
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- ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื™ืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืชื›ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืกืฃ -
01:20
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:22
-- means a heart attack. Annual incidence: 1.2 million Americans.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘. ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ืชื™ืช: 1.2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื.
01:26
Mortality: 300,000 people dying each year.
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ืชืžื•ืชื”: 300,000 ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื”.
01:30
About half of them, 600,000, have permanent damage to their heart
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ืœื›ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ื, 600,000, ื ื–ืง ืงื‘ื•ืข ืœืœื‘
01:36
that will cause them to have very bad problems later on.
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ืฉื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš.
01:41
Thus 900,000 people either have died
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ 900,000 ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืžืชื•
01:44
or have significant damage to their heart muscle.
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ืื• ืกืคื’ื• ื ื–ืง ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ืœืฉืจื™ืจ ื”ืœื‘.
01:47
Symptoms are often denied by the patient, particularly us men,
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื™, ืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ืžื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื,
01:51
because we are very brave. We are very brave,
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ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“.
01:54
and we don't want to admit that I'm having a hell of a chest pain.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื›ืื‘ ื ื•ืจืื™ ื‘ื—ื–ื”.
01:58
Then, approximately 25 percent of all patients never have any symptoms.
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ื•ืื–, ื‘ืขืจืš 25% ืžื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ื.
02:03
What are we going to do about them? How can we save their lives?
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ืžื” ื ืขืฉื” ืื™ืชื? ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื?
02:06
It's particularly true of diabetics and elderly women.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืฆืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ ืกื•ื›ืจืช ื•ืืฆืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืงืฉื™ืฉื•ืช.
02:10
Well, what is needed for the earliest possible warning of a heart attack?
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžื” ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœืื–ื”ืจื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘?
02:15
A means to determine if there's a complete blockage of a coronary artery.
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ื“ืจืš ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ ื—ืกื™ืžื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืจืง ื”ืœื‘.
02:19
That, ladies and gentlemen, is a heart attack.
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ื–ืืช, ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ื•ื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืชื™, ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘.
02:23
The means consist of noting something a little technical,
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืงืฆืช ื˜ื›ื ื™,
02:27
ST segment elevation of the electrogram --
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ืขืœื™ื™ืช ืžืงื˜ืข ST ื‘ื.ืง.ื’.
02:30
translated into English, that means that
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ืžืชื•ืจื’ื ืœืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช,
02:33
if there's an electrical signal in the heart, and one part of the ECG --
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ืฉืื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ื‘ืœื‘, ื•ื—ืœืง ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื.ืง.ื’. -
02:39
which we call the ST segment -- elevates,
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื ืžืงื˜ืข ST - ืขื•ืœื”,
02:43
that is a sure sign of a heart attack.
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ื–ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง ืœื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘.
02:45
And if we had a computer put into the body of a person who's at risk,
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ื•ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
02:50
we could know, before they even have symptoms,
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื,
02:53
that they're having a heart attack, to save their life.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื•.
02:56
Well, the doctor can program a level of this ST elevation voltage
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืจื•ืคื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ืช ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื— ืฉืœ ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื”- ST
03:02
that will trigger an emergency alarm,
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ืฉืชืคืขื™ืœ ืื–ืขืงืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื,
03:05
vibration like your cell phone, but right by your clavicle bone.
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ืจื˜ื˜ ื›ืžื• ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจื™, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœื™ื“ ืขืฆื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื— ืฉืœืš.
03:10
And when it goes beep, beep, beep, you better do something about it,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžื™ืข ื‘ื™ืค, ื‘ื™ืค, ื‘ื™ืค, ืขืœื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ,
03:14
because if you want to live you have to get to some medical treatment.
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ื›ื™ ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขืœื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™.
03:20
So we have to try these devices out
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ืื– ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื ืกื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•
03:22
because the FDA won't just let us use them on people
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ื›ื™ ื” FDA ืœื ื™ืจืฉื” ืœื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื›ื›ื” ืกืชื
03:25
unless we try it out first,
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ืื ืœื ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื ืงื•ื“ื,
03:27
and the best model for this happens to be pigs.
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ื•ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” - ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื.
03:31
And what we tried with the pig was external electrodes on the skin,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืจ,
03:36
like you see in an emergency room,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืžื™ื•ืŸ,
03:38
and I'm going to show you why they don't work very well.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ืœืžื” ื”ืŸ ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘.
03:41
And then we put a lead, which is a wire, in the right ventricle inside the heart,
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ื•ืื– ื”ื›ื ืกื ื• ืœื™ื“, ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื˜ ื—ืฉืžืœื™, ื™ืฉืจ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื“ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืœื‘,
03:46
which does the electrogram, which is the signal voltage from inside the heart.
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ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื.ืง.ื’., ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืช ื”ืžืชื— ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืœื‘.
03:50
Well, with the pig, at the baseline,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืขื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ, ื‘ืงื• ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”,
03:53
before we blocked the pig's artery to simulate a heart attack, that was the signal.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื—ืกืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ืจืง ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื•ืช.
03:58
After 43 seconds, even an expert couldn't tell the difference,
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ืื—ืจื™ 43 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
04:03
and after three minutes -- well,
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช - ื˜ื•ื‘,
04:05
if you really studied it, you'd see a difference.
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ืื ืžืžืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžืกืชื›ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘, ืชืจืื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
04:07
But what happened when we looked inside the pig's heart, to the electrogram?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืงืจื” ื›ืฉื”ืกืชื›ืœื ื• ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ, ืœื.ืง.ื’.?
04:12
There was the baseline -- first of all, a much bigger and more reliable signal.
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืงื• ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” - ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ืื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื™ืžืŸ.
04:17
Second of all, I'll bet even you people who are untrained can see the difference,
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ืื ื™ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื™ื•ืžื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™,
04:22
and we see here an ST segment elevation right after this sharp line.
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืขืœื™ื™ืช ืžืงื˜ืข ST ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืงื• ื”ื—ื“ ื”ื–ื”.
04:27
Look at the difference there. It doesn't take much --
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ืชืจืื• ืืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ ื›ืืŸ - ืœื ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื”,
04:31
every layperson could see that difference,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืฉ ืœื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™,
04:33
and computers can be programmed to easily detect it.
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ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชื›ื ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืงืœื•ืช.
04:38
Then, look at that after three minutes.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืชืจืื• ืืช ื–ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช.
04:40
We see that the signal that's actually in the heart,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ืื•ืช ืฉืžืžืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืœื‘,
04:44
we can use it to tell people that they're having a heart attack
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘
04:48
even before they have symptoms so we can save their life.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื.
04:52
Then we tried it with my son, Dr. Tim Fischell,
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ื•ืื– ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ืขื ื‘ื ื™, ื“"ืจ ื˜ื™ื ืคื™ืฉืœ,
04:55
we tried it on some human patients who had to have a stent put in.
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ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื›ื ืกื• ืœื”ื ืกื˜ื ื˜ื™ื,
04:59
Well, he kept the balloon filled to block the artery,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืœื•ืŸ ืžืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืกื•ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืจืง,
05:02
to simulate a blockage, which is what a heart attack is.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ื—ืกื™ืžื”, ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘.
05:05
And it's not hard to see that -- the baseline
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ื•ืœื ืงืฉื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉืงื• ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”
05:08
is the first picture on the upper left.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ ืœืžืขืœื”.
05:10
Next to it, at 30 seconds, you see this rise here,
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ืœื™ื“ื•, ืื—ืจื™ 30 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช, ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื›ืืŸ,
05:14
then this rise -- that's the ST elevation.
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ื•ืื– ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช - ื–ืืช ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื” ST.
05:18
And if we had a computer that could detect it,
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ื•ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”,
05:21
we could tell you you're having a heart attack so early
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืฉืจ ืœืš ืฉืืชื” ื—ื•ื•ื” ื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ืงื“ื
05:24
it could save your life and prevent congestive heart failure.
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ืฉื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ืš ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ืื™ ืกืคื™ืงืช ืœื‘ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš.
05:29
And then he did it again. We filled the balloon again a few minutes later
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ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘. ืžื™ืœืื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืœื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช
05:34
and here you see, even after 10 seconds, a great rise in this piece,
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื—ืจื™ 10 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช, ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืžืงื˜ืข,
05:38
which we can have computers inside, under your chest like a pacemaker,
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ืขื ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื‘ื—ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืงื•ืฆื‘,
05:43
with a wire into your heart like a pacemaker.
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ืขื ื—ื•ื˜ ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืœื‘ ื›ืžื• ืงื•ืฆื‘.
05:46
And computers don't go to sleep.
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ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ.
05:48
We have a little battery and on this little battery
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืกื•ืœืœื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ืขื ืกื•ืœืœื” ื›ื–ืืช
05:52
that computer will run for five years without needing replacement.
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ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืœื ื”ื—ืœืคื”.
05:56
What does the system look like?
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ืื™ืš ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื–ืืช ื ืจืื™ืช?
05:58
Well, on the left is the IMD, which is Implantable Medical Device,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ ื”- IMD, ืฉื”ื•ื "ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืžื•ืฉืชืœ",
06:02
and tonight in the tent you can see it -- they've exhibited it.
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ื•ื”ืขืจื‘ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื•ื”ืœ - ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื›ื”.
06:06
It's about this big, the size of a pacemaker.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื›ื–ื”, ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืงื•ืฆื‘.
06:09
It's implanted with very conventional techniques.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฉืชืœ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช.
06:12
And the EXD is an External Device that you can have on your night table.
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ื•ื”- EXD ื”ื•ื "ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™" ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื“ื” ืœื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ืชืš.
06:16
It'll wake you up and tell you to get your tail to the emergency room
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืขื™ืจ ืื•ืชืš ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื™ื’ื™ื“ ืœืš ืœืžื”ืจ ืœื—ื“ืจ ืžื™ื•ืŸ
06:21
when the thing goes off because, if you don't, you're in deep doo-doo.
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ื›ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžืฆืœืฆืœ, ืื ืœื, ืืชื” ื‘ืฆืจื” ืฆืจื•ืจื”.
06:25
And then, finally, a programmer that will set the level of the stimulation,
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ื•ืื–, ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืžืชื›ื ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ื™,
06:30
which is the level which says you are having a heart attack.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืจืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืืชื” ื—ื•ื•ื” ื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘.
06:35
The FDA says, OK, test this final device after it's built in some animal,
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ื”-FDA ืื•ืžืจืช, ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืชื ืกื” ืืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืื™ื–ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื ื™ืชื ืื•ืชื•,
06:42
which we said is a pig, so we had to get this pig to have a heart attack.
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ื•ืืžืจื ื• ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ื–ื™ืจ, ืื– ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ืš ืฉืœื—ื–ื™ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘.
06:46
And when you go to the farmyard, you can't easily get pigs to have heart attacks,
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ื•ื›ืฉืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื—ื•ื•ื”, ื–ื” ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื—ื˜ืคื• ื”ืชืงืคื™ ืœื‘,
06:50
so we said, well, we're experts in stents.
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ืื– ืืžืจื ื•, ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืกื˜ื ื˜ื™ื.
06:53
Tonight you'll see some of our invented stents.
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ื”ืขืจื‘ ืชืจืื• ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืกื˜ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืฆืื ื•.
06:55
We said, so we'll put in a stent,
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ืืžืจื ื•, ื ื›ื ื™ืก ืกื˜ื ื˜,
06:58
but we're not going to put in a stent that we'd put in people.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื ื›ื ื™ืก ืกื˜ื ื˜ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
07:00
We're putting in a copper stent,
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ื ื›ื ื™ืก ืกื˜ื ื˜ ืžื ื—ื•ืฉืช,
07:02
and this copper stent erodes the artery and causes heart attacks.
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ื•ื”ืกื˜ื ื˜ ืžื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืฉื•ื—ืง ืืช ื”ืขื•ืจืง ื•ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ืชืงืคื™ ืœื‘.
07:06
That's not very nice, but, after all, we had to find out what the answer is.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืคื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.
07:09
So we took two copper stents and we put it in the artery of this pig,
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ืื– ืœืงื—ื ื• ืฉื ื™ ืกื˜ื ื˜ื™ื ืžื ื—ื•ืฉืช ื•ื”ื›ื ืกื ื• ืื•ืชื ืœืขื•ืจืง ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ,
07:14
and let me show you the result that's very gratifying
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ื•ืชืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช, ืฉื”ื ืžืžืฉ ืžืกืคืงื™ื
07:18
as far as people who have heart disease are concerned.
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘.
07:21
So there it was, Thursday morning we stopped the pig's medication
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ื”ื ื” ื–ื”, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ืคืกืงื ื• ืืช ืžืชืŸ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ
07:27
and there is his electrogram, the signal from inside the pig's heart
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื.ืง.ื’. ืฉืœื•, ื”ืื•ืช, ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ,
07:32
coming out by radio telemetry.
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ืžืฉื•ื“ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื‘ื’ืœื™ ืจื“ื™ื•.
07:34
Then, on Friday at 6:43, he began to get certain signs,
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ื•ืื–, ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืฉื™ ื‘ืฉืขื” 6:43, ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืกื™ืžื ื™ื,
07:39
which later we had the pig run around --
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ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื’ืจืžื ื• ืœื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœืจื•ืฅ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื™ืจ -
07:42
I'm not going to go into this early stage.
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ืœื ืื›ื ืก ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื ื”ื–ื”.
07:45
But look what happened at 10:06 after we removed this pig's medication
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ืื‘ืœ ืชืจืื• ืžื” ืงืจื” ื‘ืฉืขื” 10:06 ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืคืกืงื ื• ืืช ืžืชืŸ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœื—ื–ื™ืจ
07:51
that kept him from having a heart attack.
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ืฉืžื ืขื• ืžืžื ื• ืœื—ื˜ื•ืฃ ื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘.
07:53
Any one of you now is an expert on ST elevation. Can you see it there?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ืžื•ืžื—ื” ื‘ืขืœื™ื•ืช ST. ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื?
07:58
Can you see it in the picture after the big rise of the QRS -- you see ST elevation?
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”-QRS? ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื”-ST?
08:03
This pig at 10:06 was having a heart attack.
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ื‘ืฉืขื” 10:06 ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘.
08:08
What happens after you have the heart attack, this blockage?
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืชืงืฃ ื”ืœื‘, ื”ื—ืกื™ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช?
08:12
Your rhythm becomes irregular, and that's what happened 45 minutes later.
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ื”ืงืฆื‘ ื ืขืฉื” ืœื ืกื“ื™ืจ, ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ 45 ื“ืงื•ืช.
08:19
Then, ventricular fibrillation, the heart quivers instead of beats --
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ื•ืื–, ืคืจืคื•ืจ ื—ื“ืจื™ื, ื”ืœื‘ ืžืคืจืคืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืคืขื•ื,
08:23
this is just before death of the pig -- and then the pig died; it went flat-line.
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ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืžืช, ื•ืื– ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืžืช, ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœืงื• ื™ืฉืจ.
08:29
But we had a little bit over an hour where we could've saved this pig's life.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืขื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ.
08:32
Well, because of the FDA, we didn't save the pig's life,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”- FDA, ืœื ื”ืฆืœื ื• ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ,
08:36
because we need to do this type of animal research for humans.
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ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืจื•ืš ืืช ืกื•ื’ ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
08:40
But when it comes to the sake of a human, we can save their life.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื•.
08:44
We can save the lives of people who are at high risk for a heart attack.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืฉื”ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชืงืคื™ ืœื‘.
08:51
What is the response to acute myocardial infarction, a heart attack, today?
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ืžื”ื™ ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืื•ื˜ื ืฉืจื™ืจ ื”ืœื‘ ืืงื•ื˜ื™, ื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘, ื”ื™ื•ื?
08:57
Well, you feel some chest pain or indigestion.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื›ืื‘ ื‘ื—ื–ื” ืื• ืฆืจื‘ืช.
09:00
It's not all that bad; you decide not to do anything.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ืจื; ืืชื” ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœื•ื.
09:03
Several hours pass and it gets worse, and even the man won't ignore it.
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ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ื–ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจ, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžืชืขืœื ืžืžื ื•.
09:08
Finally, you go to the emergency room.
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืืชื” ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœื—ื“ืจ ืžื™ื•ืŸ.
09:11
You wait as burns and other critical patients are treated,
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ืืชื” ืžื—ื›ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืคืฆื•ืขื™ ื›ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
09:14
because 75 percent of the patients who go to an emergency room with chest pains
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ื›ื™ 75% ืžื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื—ื“ืจ ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ื›ืื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ื”,
09:19
don't have AMI, so you're not taken very seriously.
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ืื™ื ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืž- AMI, ืื– ืœื ืžืชื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืœื™ืš ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช.
09:23
They finally see you. It takes more time
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืš, ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื— ืขื•ื“ ื–ืžืŸ
09:25
to get your electrocardiogram on your skin and diagnose it,
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ืœืขืจื•ืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื.ืง.ื’. ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืจ ื•ืœืคืขื ื— ืื•ืชื•
09:28
and it's hard to do because they don't have the baseline data,
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ื•ื–ื” ืงืฉื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืงื• ื”ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™,
09:31
which the computer we put in you gets.
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ืฉื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื›ื ืกื ื• ื‘ืš ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื’.
09:35
Finally, if you're lucky, you are treated in three or four hours after the incident,
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืื ืืชื” ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืœ, ืืชื” ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืชื•ืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขื“ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉืขื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข,
09:38
but the heart muscle has died.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืจื™ืจ ื”ืœื‘ ืžืช.
09:40
And that is the typical treatment in the advanced world -- not Africa --
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™... ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืงื“ื... ืœื ืืคืจื™ืงื”...
09:45
that's the typical treatment in the advanced world today.
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ื–ื” ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืงื“ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
09:49
So we developed the AngelMed Guardian System
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ืื– ืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ืืช "ืื™ื™ื ื ื’'ืœืžื“ ื’ืจื“ื™ืืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ื"
09:52
and we have a device inside this patient, called the Implanted AngelMed Guardian.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื ืงืจื "ืื™ืžืคืœื ื˜ื“ (ืžื•ืฉืชืœ) ืื™ื™ื ื’'ืœืžื“ ื’ืจื“ื™ืืŸ ".
09:56
And when you have a blockage, the alarm goes off
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื—ืกื™ืžื”, ื”ืื–ืขืงื” ืžืฆืคืฆืคืช
10:00
and it sends the alarm and the electrogram to an external device,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืœื— ืื–ืขืงื” ื•ื.ืง.ื’. ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™,
10:04
which gets your baseline electrogram from 24 hours ago
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ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื• ื”ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื.ืง.ื’. ืžืœืคื ื™ 24 ืฉืขื•ืช
10:07
and the one that caused the alarm, so you can take it to the emergency room
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ื•ืืช ื”ื.ืง.ื’. ืฉื’ืจื ืœืื–ืขืงื”, ื›ืš ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื—ื“ืจ ืžื™ื•ืŸ
10:10
and show them, and say, take care of me right away.
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ื•ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื”ื, ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื“, ื˜ืคืœื• ืžื™ื“.
10:14
Then it goes to a network operations center,
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ื•ืื– ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœืžืจื›ื– ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืจืฉืช
10:17
where they get your data from your patient database
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ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ื
10:19
that's been put in at some central location, say, in the United States.
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ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืืชืจ ืžืจื›ื–ื™, ื‘ื ื ื’ื™ื“, ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
10:24
Then it goes to a diagnostic center, and within one minute of your heart attack,
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ื•ืื– ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœืžืจื›ื– ื“ื™ืื’ื ื•ืกื˜ื™, ื•ืชื•ืš ื“ืงื” ืื—ืช ืžื”ืชืงืฃ ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœืš,
10:28
your signal appears on the screen of a computer
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ื”ืื•ืช ืฉืœืš ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืฆื’ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘
10:32
and the computer analyzes what your problem is.
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ื•ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืžื ืชื— ืžื” ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœืš.
10:35
And the person who's there, the medical practitioner, calls you --
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ื•ื”ืื“ื ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื, ื”ืจื•ืคื, ืžืชืงืฉืจ ืืœื™ืš -
10:39
this is also a cell phone -- and says,
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ื–ื” ื’ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ - ื•ืื•ืžืจ,
10:41
"Mr. Smith, you're in deep doo-doo; you have a problem.
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"ืžืจ ืกืžื™ืช, ืืชื” ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช ืฆืจื•ืจื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื‘ืขื™ื”.
10:44
We've called the ambulance. The ambulance is on the way.
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ื”ื–ืžื ื• ืืžื‘ื•ืœื ืก. ื”ืืžื‘ื•ืœื ืก ื‘ื“ืจืš.
10:48
It'll pick you up, and then we're going to call your doctor, tell him about it.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืืกื•ืฃ ืื•ืชืš, ื•ืื– ื ืชืงืฉืจ ืœืจื•ืคื ืฉืœืš ื•ื ื“ื•ื•ื— ืœื• ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”.
10:53
We're going to send him the signal that we have, that says you have a heart attack,
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ื ืฉืœื— ืœื• ืืช ื”ืื•ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื ื•, ื”ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืชื” ื—ื•ื•ื” ื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘
10:57
and we're going to send the signal to the hospital
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ื•ื ืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื
10:59
and we're going to have it analyzed there,
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ื•ื™ื ืชื—ื• ืื•ืชื• ืฉื,
11:02
and there you're going to be with your doctor
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ื•ืื– ืชื”ื™ื” ืขื ื”ืจื•ืคื ืฉืœืš
11:04
and you'll be taken care of so you won't die of a heart attack."
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ื•ื™ื˜ืคืœื• ื‘ืš ืฉืœื ืชืžื•ืช ืžื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘."
11:06
That's the first invention that I wanted to describe.
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ื–ืืช ื”ื”ืžืฆืื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืชืืจ ืœื›ื.
11:10
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
11:14
And now I want to talk about something entirely different.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉื•ื—ื— ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™.
11:17
At first I didn't think migraine headaches were a big problem
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืžื™ื’ืจื ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช
11:21
because I'd never had a migraine headache,
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ื›ื™ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ืžื™ื’ืจื ื”.
11:23
but then I spoke to some people who have three or four every week of their life,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขื ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžื™ื’ืจื ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืื• ืืจื‘ืข ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื,
11:28
and their lives are being totally ruined by it.
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ื•ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืื™ื ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื”.
11:31
We have a mission statement for our company doing migraine, which is,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืžื™ื’ืจื ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื,
11:35
"Prevent or ameliorate migraine headaches
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"ืœืžื ื•ืข ืื• ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ืžื™ื’ืจื ื•ืช
11:37
by the application of a safe, controlled magnetic pulse
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคืขืœืช ืคืขื™ืžื” ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ืžื‘ื•ืงืจืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”,
11:41
applied, as needed, by the patient."
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ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœืช, ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื”."
11:44
Now, you're probably very few physicists here.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืžืขื˜ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ื.
11:47
If you're a physicist you'd know there's a certain Faraday's Law,
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ืื ืืชื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ื—ื•ืง ืคืืจืื“ื™ื™,
11:50
which says if I apply a magnetic pulse on salt water --
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ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข ืฉืื ืื ื™ ืฉื ืคืขื™ืžื” ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ืขืœ ืžื™ ืžืœื— -
11:55
that's your brains by the way --
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ื–ื” ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื, ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘ -
11:57
it'll generate electric currents, and the electric current in the brain
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ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ื’ืœื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื—
12:02
can erase a migraine headache.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื’ืจื ื”.
12:04
That's what we have discovered.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ื ื•.
12:06
So here's a picture of what we're doing.
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
12:09
The patients who have a migraine preceded by an aura
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ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžื™ื’ืจื ื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ื” ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืœื”
12:14
have a band of excited neurons -- that's shown in red --
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ื™ืฉ ืคืก ืฉืœ ื ื™ื•ืจื•ื ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฉืžืœื™ื - ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืื“ื•ื -
12:18
that moves at three to five millimeters a minute towards the mid-brain.
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ืฉื ืข ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขื“ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืงื” ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
12:23
And when it hits the mid-brain, that's when the headache begins.
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืžื•ื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืื– ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื›ืื‘ ื”ืจืืฉ.
12:28
There's this migraine that is preceded by a visual aura,
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ื™ืฉื ื” ืžื™ื’ืจื ื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ื” ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืœื” ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช,
12:33
and this visual aura, by the way -- and I'll show you a picture --
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ื•ื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช, ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘ - ื•ืื ื™ ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ืชืžื•ื ื” -
12:36
but it sort of begins with little dancing lights,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ื›ื” ืงื˜ื ื”, ืขื ืื•ืจื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืžืจืงื“ื™ื,
12:39
gets bigger and bigger until it fills your whole visual field.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืชืจื—ื‘ืช ื•ืžืชืจื—ื‘ืช ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืžืœืืช ืืช ื›ืœ ืฉื“ื” ื”ืจืื™ื™ื” ืฉืœืš.
12:42
And what we tried was this; here is a device called the Cadwell Model MES10.
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื ื–ื”... ื”ื ื” ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื ืงืจื "ืงื“ื•ื•ืœ ืžื•ื“ืœ MES10".
12:49
Weighs about 70 pounds, has a wire about an inch in diameter.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืงืœ ื‘ืขืจืš 32 ืงื™ืœื•, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื—ื•ื˜ ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื™ 2.5 ืก"ืž.
12:53
And here's one of the patients who has an aura
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ื•ื”ื ื” ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ื™ืœื”
12:56
and always has a headache, bad one, after the aura. What do we do?
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ื•ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื›ืื‘ ืจืืฉ, ื—ื–ืง, ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ื™ืœื”. ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื?
13:02
This is what an aura looks like.
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ื›ืš ื ืจืื™ืช ื”ื”ื™ืœื”.
13:04
It's sort of funny dancing lights, shown there on the left and right side.
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ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืื•ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืชื•ืœืœื™ื, ื›ืืŸ ืžืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ.
13:08
And that's a fully developed visual aura, as we see on top.
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ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื™ืœื” ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ืžืคื•ืชื—ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืœืžืขืœื”.
13:12
In the middle, our experimentalist, the neurologist, who said,
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ื‘ืืžืฆืข, ื”ื ืกื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื•ืจื•ืœื•ื’, ืฉืืžืจื”,
13:18
"I'm going to move this down a little and I'm going to erase half your aura."
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"ืื ื™ ืื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ืื ื™ ืืขืœื™ื ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœืš."
13:21
And, by God, the neurologist did erase it, and that's the middle picture:
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ื•ื”ื ื”, ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื™ืฉืžื•ืจ, ื”ื ื™ื•ืจื•ืœื•ื’ ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืขืœื™ื ืื•ืชื”, ื•ื–ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ืช.
13:26
half of the aura erased by a short magnetic pulse.
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ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ื”ื™ืœื” ื ืžื—ืงื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคืขื™ืžื” ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ืงืฆืจื”.
13:29
What does that mean?
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ืžื” ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช?
13:31
That means that the magnetic pulse is generating an electric current
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ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื”ืคืขื™ืžื” ื”ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ื’ืœ ื—ืฉืžืœื™
13:35
that's interfering with the erroneous electrical activity in the brain.
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ืฉืžืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ืขื™ืช ื‘ืžื•ื—.
13:40
And finally he says, "OK, now I'm going to -- "
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ, "ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™..."
13:42
all of the aura get erased with an appropriately placed magnetic pulse.
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ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ืœื” ื ืžื—ืงืช ืขื ืคืขื™ืžื” ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ืžืžื•ืงืžืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
13:47
What is the result? We designed a magnetic depolarizer
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ื•ืžื”ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช? ืขื™ืฆื‘ื ื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ ื”ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืงื™ื˜ื•ื‘,
13:51
that looks like this, that you could have -- a lady, in her pocket book --
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ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืš, ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืฆืœืš - ื’ื‘ืจืช, ื‘ืชื™ืง ืฉืœื”,
13:56
and when you get an aura you can try it and see how it works.
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ื•ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืœื” ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“.
14:00
Well, the next thing they have to show is what was on ABC News,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ABC,
14:04
Channel 7, last week in New York City, in the 11 o'clock news.
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ืขืจื•ืฅ 7, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ื‘ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ 11:00.
14:08
Anchor: For anyone who suffers from migraine headaches --
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ื”ืžื’ื™ืฉ: ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœ ืžืžื™ื’ืจื ื•ืช -
14:10
and there are 30 million Americans who do -- tonight: a possible answer.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื›-30 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื›ืืœื• - ื”ืขืจื‘, ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื™.
14:14
Eyewitness news reporter Stacy Sager tonight, with a small and portable machine
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ื›ืชื‘ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืกื˜ื™ื™ืกื™ ืกื’ืจ, ื”ืขืจื‘, ืขื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื ื™ื™ื“
14:18
that literally zaps your migraines away.
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ืฉืžื–ืคื–ืค ืืช ื”ืžื™ื’ืจื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” - ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™.
14:22
Christina Sidebottom: Well, my first reaction was that it was --
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ืงืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื” ืกื™ื™ื“ื‘ื•ื˜ื•ื: ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ืชื” -
14:24
looked awfully gun-like, and it was very strange.
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ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืืงื“ื—, ื•ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžื•ื–ืจ.
14:28
Stacy Sager: But for Christina Sidebottom, almost anything was worth trying
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ืกื˜ื™ื™ืกื™ ืกื’ืจ: ืื‘ืœ ืœืงืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื” ืกื™ื™ื“ื‘ื•ื˜ื•ื, ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื ืกื•ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ
14:32
if it could stop a migraine.
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ืื ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžื™ื’ืจื ื”.
14:34
It may look silly or even frightening as you walk around with it in your purse,
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ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื ืจืื” ื˜ืคืฉื™, ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืคื—ื™ื“ ื›ืฉืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืื™ืชื• ื‘ืชื™ืง,
14:40
but researchers here in Ohio organizing clinical trials for this migraine zapper,
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ืืš ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื•ื”ื™ื• ื”ืžืืจื’ื ื™ื ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœืžื–ืคื–ืค ื”ืžื™ื’ืจื ื•ืช ื”ื–ื”,
14:45
say it is scientifically sound --
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ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืžื“ืขื™.
14:48
that, in fact, when the average person gets a migraine,
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ืฉื‘ืขืฆื, ื›ืฉื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืกื•ื‘ืœ ืžืžื™ื’ืจื ื”,
14:50
it's caused by something similar to an electrical impulse.
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ื”ื™ื ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืžืฉื”ื• ื”ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืคืขื™ืžื” ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช.
14:54
The zapper creates a magnetic field to counteract that.
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ื”ืžื–ืคื–ืค ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืฉื“ื” ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืื•ืชื”.
14:58
Yousef Mohammed: In other words, we're treating electricity with electricity,
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ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžื•ื—ืžื“: ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉืžืœ ืขื ื—ืฉืžืœ,
15:01
rather than treating electricity with the chemicals that we're using nowadays.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื—ืฉืžืœ ืขื ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ืฉืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
15:06
SS: But is it safe to use everyday?
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ืก.ืก.: ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™?
15:08
Experts say the research has actually been around for more than a decade,
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ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืงื™ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืฉื•ืจ,
15:12
and more long-term studies need to be done. Christina now swears by it.
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ื•ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื•ื—. ืงืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืชื›ื ืขื”.
15:17
CS: It's been the most wonderful thing for my migraine.
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ืง.ืก.: ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืžื™ื’ืจื ื•ืช ืฉืœื™.
15:20
SS: Researchers are hoping to present their studies to the FDA this summer.
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ืก.ืก.: ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžืžืฆืื™ื”ื ืœ FDA.
15:24
Robert Fischell: And that is the invention to treat migraines.
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ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืคื™ืฉืœ: ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื”ืžืฆืื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžื™ื’ืจื ื•ืช.
15:26
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
15:28
You see, the problem is, 30 million Americans have migraine headaches,
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื, ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื, ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื’ืจื ื•ืช,
15:33
and we need a means to treat it, and I think that we now have it.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื“ืจืš ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื”, ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื ื•.
15:37
And this is the first device that we did, and I'm going to talk about my second wish,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื•, ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืืœื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื™,
15:42
which has something to do with this.
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ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื–ื”.
15:44
Our conclusions from our studies so far, at three research centers,
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ื”ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขื“ ื›ื”, ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืžื—ืงืจ,
15:47
is there is a marked improvement in pain levels after using it just once.
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ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื›ืื‘ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื“-ืคืขืžื™.
15:51
The most severe headaches responded better after we did it several times,
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ื›ืื‘ื™ ื”ืจืืฉ ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื.
15:56
and the unexpected finding indicates that even established headaches,
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ื•ื”ืžืžืฆื ื”ืžืคืชื™ืข ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืฉื’ื ื‘ื›ืื‘ื™ ืจืืฉ ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื,
16:00
not only those with aura, get treated and get diminished.
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ืœื ืจืง ืืœื• ืขื ื”ื™ืœื”, ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื•ืžืฆื˜ืžืงื™ื.
16:04
And auras can be erased and the migraine, then, does not occur.
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ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื—ื•ืง ื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืื– ื”ืžื™ื’ืจื ื” ืœื ืชื•ืคื™ืข.
16:09
And that is the migraine invention that we are talking about and that we are working on.
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ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื”ืžืฆืื” ืœืžื™ื’ืจื ื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ื—ื—ื ื• ืขืœื™ื” ื•ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”.
16:16
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
16:18
The third and last invention began with an idea.
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ื”ื”ืžืฆืื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ.
16:23
Epilepsy can best be treated by responsive electrical stimulation.
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ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืืคื™ืœืคืกื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื™.
16:28
Now, why do we use -- add on, nearly, an epileptic focus?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื - ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื, ื›ืžืขื˜, ืžื•ืงื“ ืืคื™ืœืคื˜ื™?
16:32
Now, unfortunately, us technical people, unlike Mr. Bono,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœืฆืขืจื™, ื˜ื›ื ืื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื•, ืฉืœื ื›ืžื• ืžืจ ื‘ื•ื ื•,
16:36
have to get into all these technical words.
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืช.
16:38
Well, "responsive electrical stimulation" means
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื•ื
16:43
that we sense, at a place in your brain which is called an "epileptic focus,"
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ืฉื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ืฉื™ื, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉื ืงืจื ืžื•ืงื“ ื”ืืคื™ืœืคื˜ื™,
16:48
which is where the epileptic seizure begins --
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืืคื™ืœืคืกื™ื” - ื”ืคืจื›ื•ืก ื”ืืคื™ืœืคื˜ื™ - ืžืชื—ื™ืœ.
16:53
we sense there, that it's going to happen,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉื, ืฉื ื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”.
16:56
and then we respond by applying an electrical energy at that spot,
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ื•ืื–, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ื—ืชืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื
17:01
which erases the errant signal
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ื•ื–ืืช ืžื•ื—ืงืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืขื”
17:04
so that you don't get the clinical manifestations of the migraine headache.
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ืื– ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืงืœื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื’ืจื ื•ืช.
17:09
We use current pacemaker defibrillator technology that's used for the heart.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืขื“ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ืฆื‘ื™ ืœื‘.
17:14
We thought we could adapt it for the brain.
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ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืœืžื•ื—.
17:16
The device could be implanted under the scalp
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืงืจืงืคืช
17:18
to be totally hidden and avoid wire breakage,
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืกืชืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืžืฉื‘ื™ืจื”,
17:22
which occurs if you put it in the chest and you try to move your neck around.
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ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื›ืฉืฉืžื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื–ื” ื•ืืชื” ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืืจ.
17:26
Form a company to develop a neuro-pacemaker for epilepsy,
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื ื™ื•ืจื•-ืงื•ืฆื‘ื™ื ืœืืคื™ืœืคืกื™ื”,
17:29
as well as other diseases of the brain, because all diseases of the brain
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ื•ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—
17:35
are a result of some electrical malfunction in it,
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ื”ืŸ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืฉืœ ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ื›ื–ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ,
17:39
that causes many, if not all, of brain disorders.
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ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ืจื‘ื”, ืื ืœื ืœื›ืœ, ื”ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื—.
17:44
We formed a company called NeuroPace
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ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื ื™ื•ืจื•ืคื™ื™ืก
17:48
and we started work on responsive neurostimulation,
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื’ื™ืจื•ื™-ื ื™ื•ืจื• ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื™.
17:51
and this is a picture of what the device looked like,
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ื•ื”ื ื” ืชืžื•ื ื” ืื™ืš ื ืจืื” ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ
17:54
that's placed into the cranial bone.
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ืฉืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขืฆื ื”ื’ื•ืœื’ื•ืœืช.
17:57
This is probably a better picture.
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ื–ื” ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืชืžื•ื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
17:59
Here we have our device in which we put in a frame.
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืฉื”ื›ื ืกื ื• ืœืชื•ืš ืžืกื’ืจืช.
18:04
There's a cut made in the scalp; it's opened; the neurosurgeon has a template;
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ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื—ืชืš ื‘ืงืจืงืคืช, ื”ื™ื ื ืคืชื—ืช, ืœื ื•ื™ืจื•ื›ื™ืจื•ืจื’ ืžืกื’ืจืช,
18:10
he marks it around, and uses a dental burr
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ื”ื•ื ืžืกืžืŸ ืื•ืชื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘, ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืกื›ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
18:12
to remove a piece of the cranial bone exactly the size of our device.
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ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžืขืฆื ื”ื’ื•ืœื’ื•ืœืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ.
18:17
And tonight, you'll be able to see the device in the tent.
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ื•ื”ืขืจื‘, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืื•ื”ืœ.
18:20
And then with four screws, we put in a frame,
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ื•ืื– ืื ื—ื ื•.. ืขื ืืจื‘ืขื” ื‘ืจื’ื™ื, ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืกื’ืจืช,
18:24
then we snap in the device and we run with wires --
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ื•ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื•ืžืกื“ืจื™ื ื—ื•ื˜ื™ื -
18:27
the one shown in green will go to the surface of the brain with electrodes,
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ื”ื—ื•ื˜ ื”ืžืกื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืง ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—,
18:32
to the epileptic focus, the origin of the epilepsy,
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ืœืžื•ืงื“ ื”ืืคื™ืœืคื˜ื™, ืœืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืคื™ืœืคืกื™ื”,
18:35
where we can sense the electrical signal
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ืื™ืคื” ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™
18:38
and have computer analysis that tells us when to hit it with some electrical current
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ื•ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื™ืกืžืŸ ืœื ื• ืžืชื™ ืœื”ื›ื•ืช ืขื ื–ืจื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ืงืœ
18:43
to prevent the clinical manifestation of the seizure.
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ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืงืœื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื›ื•ืก.
18:46
In the blue wire, we see what's called a deep brain electrode.
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ื‘ื—ื•ื˜ ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื“ื” ืžื•ื—ื™ืช ืขืžื•ืงื”.
18:49
If that's the source of the epilepsy, we can attack that as well.
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ืื ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืืคื™ืœืคืกื™ื”, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืงื•ืฃ ื’ื ืื•ืชื”.
18:54
The comprehensive solution: this is the device;
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ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™: ื–ื” ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ,
18:57
it's about one inches by two inches and, oddly enough,
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉื ื™ ืก"ืž ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืขืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืก"ืž, ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื–ืจ,
19:00
just the thickness of most cranial bones.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืขื•ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ืขืฆื ื”ื’ื•ืœื’ื•ืœืช.
19:04
The advantages of responsive neurostimulation:
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ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืจื•ื™-ื ื™ื•ืจื•-ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื™:
19:07
It can detect and terminate seizures before the clinical symptoms occur,
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืคืจื›ื•ืกื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื,
19:11
provide stimulation only when needed,
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ืœืกืคืง ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ืจืง ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื—ื•ืฅ,
19:14
can be turned off if seizures disappear; it has minimal side effects --
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืื ื”ืคืจื›ื•ืกื™ื ื ืขืœืžื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ื•ืช -
19:19
as a matter of fact, in all our clinical trials to date,
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ื‘ืขืฆื, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื“ ื›ื”,
19:22
we've seen no side effects in the 40 or so patients in whom it's been implanted --
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ืœื ืจืื™ื ื• ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื‘ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ืฉืชืœื• ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื -
19:27
and it's invisible, cosmetically hidden,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื”, ืžื•ืกืชืจ ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™.
19:30
so, if you have epilepsy and you have the device,
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ืื–, ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืคื™ืœืคืกื™ื” ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ,
19:33
no one will know it because you can't tell that it's there.
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืžื–ื”, ื›ื™ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื•.
19:36
And this shows what an electroencephalogram is,
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ื•ื›ืš ื ืจืื” EEG,
19:40
and on the left is the signal of a spontaneous seizure of one of the patients.
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ื•ื‘ืฉืžืืœ ื”ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื›ื•ืก ืกืคื•ื ื˜ื ื™ ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
19:44
Then we stimulated, and you see how that heavy black line
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ื•ืื– ื”ืคืขืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ื™, ื•ืจื•ืื™ื ืื™ืš ืฉื”ืงื• ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื” ื”ื–ื”
19:48
and then you see the electroencephalogram signal going to normal,
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ื•ืื– ืจื•ืื™ื ืื™ืš ืฉืื•ืช ื” EEG ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืจื’ื™ืœ,
19:52
which means they did not get the epileptic seizure.
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ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืคืจื›ื•ืก ืืคื™ืœืคื˜ื™.
19:55
That concludes my discussion of epilepsy,
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ื‘ื–ื” ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ืฉื™ื—ืชื™ ืขืœ ืืคื™ืœืคืกื™ื” ื•...
20:00
which is the third invention that I want to discuss here this afternoon.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื”ืžืฆืื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืฉื•ื—ื— ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ื.
20:04
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
20:08
I have three wishes. Well, I can't do much about Africa.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืฉืืœื•ืช. ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
20:13
I'm a tech; I'm into medical gadgetry,
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ืื ื™ ื˜ื›ื ืื™, ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื’ื“ื’'ื˜ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื,
20:16
which is mostly high-tech stuff like Mr. Bono talked about.
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ืฉื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ื™-ื˜ืง ื›ืžื• ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืžืจ ื‘ื•ื ื•.
20:20
The first wish is to use the epilepsy responsive neurostimulator,
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ื”ืžืฉืืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื’ืจื”-ื ื•ื™ืจื• ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืืคื™ืœืคืกื™ื”,
20:25
called RNS, for Responsive NeuroStimulator -- that's a brilliant acronym --
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ื”ืงืจื•ื™ RNS - ื–ื” ืจืืฉื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื‘ืจื™ืง -
20:30
for the treatment of other brain disorders.
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ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—.
20:32
Well, if we're going to do it for epilepsy, why the hell not try it for something else?
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ืœืืคื™ืœืคืกื™ื”, ืœืžื” ืœื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ?
20:37
Then you saw what that device looked like,
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ืื– ืจืื™ืชื ืื™ืš ื ืจืื” ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ,
20:40
that the woman was using to fix her migraines?
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ืฉื”ืืฉื” ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื‘ื• ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžื™ื’ืจื ื•ืช?
20:42
I tell you this: that's something which some research engineer like me would concoct,
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ืื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื ื›ืš: ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื™ื–ื” ืžื”ื ื“ืก ืžื—ืงืจ ื›ืžื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžื›ื™ืŸ,
20:47
not a real designer of good equipment.
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ืœื ืžืขืฆื‘ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืจืื•ื™.
20:49
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
20:51
We want to have some people, who really know how to do this,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื, ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”,
20:54
perform human engineering studies to develop the optimum design
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ืฉื™ื‘ืฆืขื• ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ืกื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืœืคืชื— ืืช ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™
20:58
for the portable device for treating migraine headaches.
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ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื’ืจื ื•ืช.
21:01
And some of the sponsors of this TED meeting are such organizations.
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ื•ื—ืœืง ื ื•ืชื ื™ ื”ื—ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืคื’ืฉ TED ื”ื–ื” ื”ื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืืœื•.
21:06
Then we're going to challenge the TED attendees
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ื•ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืืชื’ืจ ืืช ื‘ืื™ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ืฉืœ TED
21:09
to come up with a way to improve health care in the USA,
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ืฉื™ืฆื™ืขื• ื“ืจืš ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
21:13
where we have problems that Africa doesn't have.
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ืื™ืคื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
21:16
And by reducing malpractice litigation --
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ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฉืœื ื•ืช...
21:19
malpractice litigation is not an African problem; it's an American problem.
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ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฉืœื ื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ื” ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช.
21:23
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
21:26
So, to get quickly to my first wish --
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ืื–, ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžืฉืืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”...
21:29
the brain operates by electrical signals.
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ื”ืžื•ื— ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืื•ืชื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื.
21:32
If the electrical signals create a brain disorder,
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ืื ื”ืื•ืชื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ืžื™ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืคืจืขื” ื‘ืžื•ื—,
21:35
electro-stimulation can overcome that disorder by acting on the brain's neurons.
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ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืคืจืขื” ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ื•ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—.
21:39
In other words, if you've screwed up electrical signals,
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืื ืื•ืชื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ื”ืกืชื‘ื›ื•,
21:43
maybe, by putting other electrical signals from a computer in the brain,
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ืื•ืœื™, ื‘ื”ืคืขืœืช ืื•ืชื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืžื—ืฉื‘ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžื•ื—,
21:47
we can counteract that.
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ื˜ืจืœ ื–ืืช.
21:50
A signal in the brain that triggers brain dysfunction
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ืื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืœื™ืงื•ื™ ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ื—
21:53
might be sensed as a trigger for electro-stimulation
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ืื•ืœื™ ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื›ื˜ืจื™ื’ืจ ืœื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ื—ืฉืžืœื™
21:56
like we're doing with epilepsy.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืคื™ืœืคืกื™ื”.
21:58
But even if there is no signal,
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ืื‘ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืช,
22:00
electro-stimulation of an appropriate part of the brain can turn off a brain disorder.
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ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื— ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ื˜ืจืœ ื”ืคืจืขื” ืžื•ื—ื™ืช.
22:05
And consider treating psychotic disorders --
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ื•ืชืฉืงืœื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช...
22:09
and I want this involved with the TED group --
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- ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช TED -
22:12
such as obsessive-compulsive disorder
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืคืจืขื” ื˜ื•ืจื“ื ื™ืช-ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ืช (OCD)
22:14
that, presently, is not well treated with drugs, and includes five million Americans.
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ืฉื›ื™ื•ื, ืœื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช, ื•ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื.
22:20
And Mr. Fischer, and his group at NeuroPace, and myself believe
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ื•ืžืจ ืคื™ืฉืจ, ื•ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ื ื™ื•ืจื•ืคื™ื™ืก, ื•ืื ื•ื›ื™, ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื
22:24
that we can have a dramatic effect in improving OCD in America and in the world.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ OCD ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
22:30
That is the first wish.
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ื–ืืช ื”ืžืฉืืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™.
22:33
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
22:38
The second wish is, at the present time,
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ื”ืžืฉืืœื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื™, ื›ืขืช...
22:41
the clinical trials of transcranial magnetic stimulators --
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ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ืจื” ื”ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ ื“ืจืš ื”ื’ื•ืœื’ื•ืœืช -
22:46
that's what TMS means, device to treat migraine headaches --
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ื–ื” ื” TMS, ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื’ืจื ื•ืช -
22:50
appears to be quite successful.
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ื”ื ื›ื ืจืื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื™ื.
22:52
Well, that's the good news.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืืœื• ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
22:54
The present portable device is far from optimally designed,
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ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ื”ื•ื ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™,
22:56
both as to human factors as appearance.
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ื’ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ืžืจืื”ื•.
22:59
I think she said it looks like a gun. A lot of people don't like guns.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืฉื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืืงื“ื—. ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืงื“ื—ื™ื.
23:03
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
23:05
Engage a company having prior successes
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ื”ืขืกืง ื—ื‘ืจื” ืขื ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืฆืœื—
23:07
for human factors engineering and industrial design
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ืœื”ื ื“ื•ืก ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื•ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™
23:10
to optimize the design of the first portable TMS device
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ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื” TMS ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
23:15
that will be sold to the patients who have migraine headaches.
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ืฉื™ื™ืžื›ืจ ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžื™ื’ืจื ื•ืช.
23:18
And that is the second wish.
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ื•ื–ืืช ื”ืžืฉืืœื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”.
23:20
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
23:25
And, of the 100,000-dollar prize money, that TED was so generous to give me,
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ื•ืžืชื•ืš ืคืจืก ืฉืœ 100,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ, ืฉ TED ื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื™ ื‘ืื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื”,
23:29
I am donating 50,000 dollars to the NeuroPace people
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ืื ื™ ืชื•ืจื 50,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ ื ื™ื•ืจื•ืคื™ื™ืก
23:33
to get on with the treatment of OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder,
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ืฉื™ืชืงื“ืžื• ืขื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ OCD, ื”ืคืจืขื” ื˜ื•ืจื“ื ื™ืช-ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ืช,
23:38
and I'm making another 50,000 available for a company
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืขื ื™ืง ืขื•ื“ 50,000 ืœื—ื‘ืจื”
23:42
to optimize the design of the device for migraines.
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ืฉืชืฉืคืจ ืืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืœืžื™ื’ืจื ื•ืช.
23:45
And that's how I'll use my 100,000-dollar prize money.
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ื•ื›ืš ืืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืกืคื™ ืคืจืก 100,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืฉืœื™
23:49
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
23:55
Well, the third and final wish is somewhat --
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืžืฉืืœื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ืžื”...
23:57
unfortunately, it's much more complicated because it involves lawyers.
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ืœืฆืขืจื™, ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช, ื›ื™ ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื” ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ.
24:02
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
24:04
Well, medical malpractice litigation in the US
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฉืœื ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
24:06
has escalated the cost of malpractice insurance,
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ื”ืขืœืชื” ืืช ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ื’ื“ ืจืฉืœื ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ืช.
24:08
so that competent physicians are leaving their practice.
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ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉืจื•ืคืื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื–ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข.
24:11
Lawyers take cases on contingency with the hope of a big share
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ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืชื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
24:15
of a big settlement by a sympathetic jury, because this patient really ended up badly.
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ืžื”ื”ืกื“ืจ ืฉื—ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืจื—ืžืŸ ื™ืขื ื™ืง, ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื” ืกื•ื‘ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื”.
24:20
The high cost of health care in the US is partly due to litigation and insurance costs.
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ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื ื•ื‘ืข ื‘ื—ืœืงื• ืžื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื.
24:25
I've seen pictures, graphs in today's USA Today
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช, ื’ืจืคื™ื, ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช "ื™ื• ืืก ืื™ื™ ื˜ื•ื“ื™ื™"
24:30
showing it skyrocketing out of control, and this is one factor.
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ื”ืžืจืื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืจืงื™ืข ืฉื—ืงื™ื ืœืœื ืจืกืŸ, ื•ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื.
24:33
Well, how can the TED community help with this situation?
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืงื”ื™ืœืช TED ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื”?
24:37
I have a couple of ideas to begin with.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื›ืžื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืชื—ืœื”.
24:40
As a starting point for discussion with the TED group,
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ื›ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืœืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช TED,
24:44
a major part of the problem is the nature of the written extent
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ื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื
24:47
of informed consent that the patient or spouse must read and sign.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื—ื•ืœื” ืื• ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืงืจื•ื ื•ืœื—ืชื•ื.
24:51
For example, I asked the epilepsy people
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืืคื™ืœืคืกื™ื”
24:54
what are they using for informed consent.
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ื‘ืžื” ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœื”ืกื›ืžื” ืžื•ื“ืขืช.
24:56
Would you believe, 12 pages, single space,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื? 12 ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื, ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื,
25:00
the patient has to read before they're in our trial to cure their epilepsy?
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ืฉื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืืคื™ืœืคืกื™ื” ืฉืœื•?
25:05
What do you think someone has at the end of reading 12 single-spaced pages?
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ืžื” ืœื“ืขืชื›ื ื™ืฉ ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื•ืจื 12 ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื?
25:09
They don't understand what the hell it's about.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžื•ืฉื’ ื‘ืžื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ.
25:11
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
25:13
That's the present system. How about making a video?
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ื–ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื•ื... ืื•ืœื™ ื ื›ื™ืŸ ืกืจื˜ ื•ื™ื“ืื•?
25:16
We have entertainment people here;
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืื ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืจ ื›ืืŸ.
25:18
we have people who know how to do videos,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืกืจื˜ื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื•,
25:20
with visual presentation of the anatomy and procedure done with animation.
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ืขื ื”ืฆื’ื” ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื˜ื•ืžื™ื” ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ืื ื™ืžืฆื™ื”.
25:24
Everybody knows that we can do better with a visual thing
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ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขื ืžืฉื”ื• ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™
25:29
that can be interactive with the patient, where they see the video
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืขื ื”ื—ื•ืœื”, ืื™ืคื” ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื•
25:33
and they're being videoed and they press, do you understand this? No, I don't.
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ื•ืžืฆืœืžื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•ื”ื ืœื•ื—ืฆื™ื... ื”ืื ื”ื‘ื ืช ืืช ื–ื”? ืœื, ืื™ื ื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ.
25:38
Well, then let's go to a simpler explanation.
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ืื– ื‘ื•ื ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื”ืกื‘ืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
25:40
Then there's a simpler one and, oh yes, I understand that.
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•- ืื”, ื›ืŸ, ืืช ื–ื” ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ.
25:43
Well, press the button and you're on record, you understand.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืชืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ื•ืจืฉืžื ื• ืื•ืชืš, ืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ.
25:46
And that is one of the ideas.
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ื•ื–ื” ืจืง ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“.
25:49
Now, also a video is done of the patient or spouse and medical presenter,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ื’ื ืกืจื˜ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืขื ื”ื—ื•ืœื”, ืื• ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื•, ื•ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ/ื”ืžื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™,
25:52
with the patient agreeing that he understands the procedure to be done,
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ื›ืฉื”ื—ื•ืœื” ืžืกื›ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ืฆื“ื•ืจื” ืฉืชื‘ื•ืฆืข,
25:57
including all the possible failure modes.
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืฉืœื™ื.
26:00
The patient or spouse agrees not to file a lawsuit
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ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ืื• ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื• ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืœื ืœืชื‘ื•ืข
26:02
if one of the known procedure failures occurs.
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ืื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ืฆื“ื•ืจื” ืื›ืŸ ืงื•ืจื”.
26:05
Now, in America, in fact, you cannot give up your right to trial by jury.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ืื™ื ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืฉื‘ืขื™ื.
26:11
However, if a video is there that everything was explained to you,
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ื‘ืจื, ืื ืกืจื˜ ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืงื™ื™ื, ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืกื‘ืจ ืœืš,
26:15
and you have it all in the video file,
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ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืฉืžื•ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืง ืกืจื˜ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื•,
26:17
it'll be much less likely that some hotshot lawyer
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ืคื—ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืื™ื–ื” ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ืฆืŸ
26:20
will take this case on contingency, because it won't be nearly as good a case.
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ื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• "ืงื™ื™ืก" ื—ื–ืง.
26:25
If a medical error occurs, the patient or spouse agrees to a settlement
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ืื ื˜ืขื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืงื•ืจื™ืช, ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ืื• ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื• ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืžืจืืฉ ืœืคืฉืจื”
26:30
for fair compensation by arbitration instead of going to court.
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ืœืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื”ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ืจืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜.
26:35
That would save hundreds of millions of dollars in legal costs in the United States
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืกืš ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
26:40
and would decrease the cost of medicine for everyone.
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœื›ื•ืœื.
26:43
These are just some starting points.
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ืืœื• ืจืง ื›ืžื” ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืœื”.
26:46
And, so there, that's the end of all my wishes.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืืœื• ื›ืœ ืžืฉืืœื•ืชื™.
26:50
I wish I had more wishes but three is what I've got and there they are.
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ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืืœื•ืช, ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืจืง ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื.
26:54
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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