John Marshall: 3 strategies for effectively talking about climate change | TED Countdown

55,048 views ใƒป 2021-05-04

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Transcriber:
0
0
7000
ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื™ ืžื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ
00:13
I often have this strange thought
1
13038
1708
00:14
that aliens come down to Earth to check us out.
2
14746
2583
ืฉื—ื™ื™ื–ืจื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื•ืชื ื•.
00:17
They beam up a hundred scientists and they ask them,
3
17371
2667
ื”ื ืžืฉื’ืจื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื ืžืื” ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื•ืชื,
00:20
"What's going on on your planet?"
4
20079
1792
โ€œืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืœื ื˜ื” ืฉืœื›ื?โ€
00:21
And the aliens quickly learn something:
5
21913
1916
ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื•:
00:23
that all of these scientists have concluded
6
23829
2042
ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืกืงื ื”
00:25
that pollution from our industrial activity is irreversibly heating the earth
7
25913
3875
ืฉื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืžื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžื—ืžื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ืคื™ืš ืืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
00:29
in a way that will make it very hard for us to live here safely.
8
29788
3208
ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ืงืฉื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•.
00:32
Then they do the same thing,
9
32996
1375
ืื– ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ,
00:34
but this time they beam up another 100 people,
10
34413
2166
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคืขื ืžืฉื’ืจื™ื 100 ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
00:36
and they're not scientists, they're regular people like us.
11
36621
2833
ื•ื”ื ืœื ืžื“ืขื ื™ื, ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื•.
ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ ืื—ืช
00:39
They could count on one hand
12
39496
1417
00:40
how many of those people would even mention climate change.
13
40954
2792
ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
00:43
Two or three dozen of them may never have even heard the term.
14
43829
2958
ื›-30 ืžื”ื ืื•ืœื™ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืฉืžืขื• ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื’.
00:46
And among the Americans in the group,
15
46829
1833
ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”,
00:48
only one in four would be highly concerned about the issue.
16
48662
3334
ืจืง ืื—ื“ ืžืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื•ื“ืื’ ืžืื•ื“ ืžื”ื ื•ืฉื.
00:52
The aliens, I think, would be shocked.
17
52037
1834
ื”ื—ื™ื™ื–ืจื™ื, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื•ืง.
00:53
"Why don't people know what's happening or how bad it is?
18
53871
2708
โ€œืœืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ื—ืžื•ืจ?
00:56
Someone should tell them!"
19
56579
1292
ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื”ื!โ€
00:57
The absurdity of the situation is so clear and so real.
20
57912
3459
ื”ืื‘ืกื•ืจื“ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ืืžื™ืชื™.
01:01
What we have here is a failure to communicate.
21
61412
3500
ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืคื” ื–ื” ื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.
01:04
My job is to educate people about climate change.
22
64912
2709
ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืœื—ื ืš ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
01:07
So I look at the concepts, the messages, the images and the terms,
23
67954
3583
ืื– ืื ื™ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื, ื”ืžืกืจื™ื, ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื,
01:11
and I test them with millions of people.
24
71537
2084
ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื•ื“ืง ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื.
01:13
I'd like to tell you what I'm learning.
25
73662
1875
ืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืžื” ืœืžื“ืชื™.
01:15
For so many people,
26
75579
1209
ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื,
01:16
climate change seems abstract, distant, too big to imagine.
27
76829
3959
ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื ืจืื” ืžื•ืคืฉื˜, ืžืจื•ื—ืง, ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ.
01:20
The words we often use to describe it --
28
80829
1917
ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• --
01:22
emissions, CO2, methane, net zero, anthropogenic --
29
82788
5250
ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช, ืคื“โ€œื—, ืžืชืืŸ, ื ื˜ื• ืืคืก, ืื ื˜ืจื•ืคื•ื’ื ื™ -- ื”ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœื•ืช.
01:28
are, simply put, confusing.
30
88079
1667
01:29
Not that many people wake up in the morning and say,
31
89788
2541
ืœื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื,
01:32
"It's a great day for some decarbonisation."
32
92329
2375
โ€œื–ื” ื™ื•ื ืžืขื•ืœื” ืœืคื™ืจื•ืง ืคื—ืžืŸ.โ€
01:34
These words become obstacles rather than gateways to understanding,
33
94746
3417
ื”ืžืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืงืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื”, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”, ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื›ืคืชื™ื•ืช.
01:38
let alone caring.
34
98204
1250
01:39
The way to fix this failure to communicate
35
99496
2042
ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ื›ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืชื™
01:41
is to start not by talking about the issue,
36
101538
2583
ื”ื™ื ืœื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื,
01:44
but to start with people, to think first about individuals,
37
104121
2958
ืืœื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื, ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื,
01:47
the people who have millions of other things on their mind,
38
107079
2834
ืืœื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ื,
01:49
a million worries and challenges and hopes and aspirations.
39
109954
3042
ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื’ื•ืช ื•ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื•ืชืงื•ื•ืช ื•ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช.
01:53
Climate change is one of the biggest threats humanity has ever faced,
40
113038
3333
ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื”ื,
01:56
and we won't face it,
41
116413
1291
ื•ืœื ื ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชื•
01:57
not to the degree that's necessary,
42
117746
1833
ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ,
01:59
if people don't care.
43
119579
1959
ืื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืื›ืคืช.
02:01
The people-first approach to climate communications
44
121579
2459
ื’ื™ืฉืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžืžื•ืงื“ืช ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื
ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื.
02:04
demands three simple things.
45
124079
1875
02:05
The first one is plain, obvious and universal language.
46
125954
4417
ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืคื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช.
02:10
One thing for sure people don't readily get --
47
130871
2417
ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• --
02:13
carbon emissions, net zero --
48
133288
2000
ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ืคื—ืžืŸ, ื ื˜ื• ืืคืก --
02:15
are most terms that can be found in a science book.
49
135329
2417
ืื• ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืข.
02:17
And frankly, to the uninitiated, much of it doesn't really sound that bad.
50
137788
3666
ื•ื‘ืืžืช, ืœืžื™ ืฉืœื ืžื›ื™ืจ, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื–ื” ืœื ื ืฉืžืข ืจืข ื›ืœ ื›ืš.
02:21
"Two degrees warmer in 50 years,"
51
141496
2125
โ€œืฉืชื™ ืžืขืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื ื‘ 50 ืฉื ื”,โ€
02:23
or it sounds so bad, you can't even get your head around it --
52
143663
3000
ืื• ืฉื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืจืข, ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื–ื” --
02:26
"1.2 trillion tons of ice."
53
146663
1791
โ€œ1.2 ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงืจื—.โ€
02:28
Confusion and hopelessness are the enemies of understanding.
54
148454
3542
ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ืื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื”.
02:32
A good test for language is, what pops into your head when you hear it.
55
152038
3458
ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืคื” ืฉืœื›ื ื”ื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืžื” ืงื•ืคืฅ ืœื›ื ืœืจืืฉ ื›ืฉืืชื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
02:35
If you hear a term like "climate change," what pops into your head?
56
155538
3208
ืื ืืชื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ื›ืžื• โ€œืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืงืœื™ื,โ€ ืžื” ืงื•ืคืฅ ืœื›ื ืœืจืืฉ?
02:38
Well, for most people, the answer is "not much."
57
158746
2458
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื: โ€œืœื ื”ืจื‘ื”.โ€
02:41
The language isn't vivid.
58
161204
1292
ื”ืฉืคื” ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจื”.
02:42
What we need is vivid language that everyone gets.
59
162496
2667
ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื–ื• ืฉืคื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื.
02:45
It's remarkable how many people actually confuse climate change
60
165163
3000
ื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืงืœื™ื
ืขื ื”ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ื–ื•ืŸ.
02:48
with the ozone hole.
61
168163
1166
02:49
More than four in 10 Americans
62
169371
1625
ืžืขืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ืขืฉืจื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื
02:51
think the ozone hole actually causes global warming.
63
171038
2625
ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ื–ื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช.
02:53
And so many of them remember and understand
64
173663
2250
ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื
02:55
so much about ozone depletion.
65
175954
2125
ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื“ืœื“ืœื•ืช ื”ืื•ื–ื•ืŸ.
02:58
Why is that?
66
178121
1125
ืœืžื” ื–ื”?
02:59
Because it's a hole, it's a layer.
67
179579
2250
ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื—ื•ืจ, ื–ื• ืฉื›ื‘ื”.
03:01
People can see it, imagine it, relate to it.
68
181871
2833
ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื•, ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื•, ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื•.
03:04
It uses simple metaphor that's an instant get.
69
184704
3250
ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืžื™ื“ ืงื•ืœื˜ื™ื.
03:07
Here's a little story that gets a similar "aha"
70
187954
2334
ื”ื ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ โ€œืื”ืโ€ ื“ื•ืžื”
03:10
for climate change.
71
190329
1209
ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
03:11
Humans have been on Earth for about 300,000 years,
72
191538
2958
ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืขืจืš 300,000 ืฉื ื™ื,
03:14
but we've only started polluting like this in about the last 60.
73
194496
3042
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื–ื”ื ื›ื›ื” ืจืง ื‘ 60 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
03:17
Our pollution stays in the air for thousands of years,
74
197538
2625
ื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ื• ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื,
03:20
creating a thickening blanket that traps heat in the atmosphere.
75
200204
3042
ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืฉืžื™ื›ื” ืžืชืขื‘ื” ืฉืœื•ื›ื“ืช ื—ื•ื ื‘ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื”.
03:23
That heat causes stronger hurricanes,
76
203246
2083
ื”ื—ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœืกื•ืคื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:25
bigger fires, more frequent floods
77
205371
2458
ืฉืจื™ืคื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื˜ืคื•ื ื•ืช ืชื›ื•ืคื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:27
and the extinction of thousands of species.
78
207871
2167
ื•ืœื”ื›ื—ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™ ืžื™ื ื™ื.
03:30
But there's good news.
79
210079
1167
ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
03:31
To stop the pollution blanket,
80
211288
1541
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื™ื›ืช ื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ื,
03:32
we just have to stop polluting.
81
212871
1667
ืฆืจื™ืš ืจืง ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื–ื”ื.
03:35
This "pollution blanket" framing is one of the most effective we've tested
82
215246
3958
ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ โ€œืฉืžื™ื›ืช ื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ืโ€ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ืงื ื•,
03:39
at getting people to understand the issue.
83
219204
2042
ื›ืฉื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื.
03:41
It's visual, it's vivid,
84
221246
1708
ื”ื•ื ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™, ื”ื•ื ื—ื™,
03:42
and when people hear the message, they become significantly more engaged.
85
222954
3459
ื•ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกืจ, ื”ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื.
03:46
They get it.
86
226454
1167
ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
03:47
There are so many other regular speak words and concepts
87
227621
2667
ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช
03:50
that stick with people.
88
230329
1334
ื•ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉื ืฉืืจื™ื ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื.
03:51
Instead of "warming,"
89
231663
1583
ื‘ืžืงื•ื โ€œื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช,โ€
03:53
try "overheating."
90
233288
1541
ื ืกื• โ€œื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื™ืชืจ.โ€
03:54
Instead of "climate," talk about "extreme weather."
91
234871
2917
ื‘ืžืงื•ื โ€œืืงืœื™ื,โ€ ื“ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ โ€œืžื–ื’ ืื•ื™ืจ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™.โ€
03:57
When mentioning "clean energy,"
92
237829
1667
ื›ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื โ€œืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื™ืจื•ืงื”,โ€
03:59
you might say "cheap energy" as well, as it's rapidly becoming cheap.
93
239496
3667
ืื•ืœื™ ืชืืžืจื• ื’ื โ€œืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื–ื•ืœื”โ€œ, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื–ื•ืœื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
04:03
The word "irreversible" really gets people's attention,
94
243204
2834
ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ โ€œื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ืคื™ืšโ€ ื‘ืืžืช ืœื•ื›ื“ ืืช ื”ืงืฉื‘ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื,
04:06
as the pollution certainly is.
95
246079
1834
ื•ื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื›ื–ื”.
04:07
And if you absolutely must talk about temperature increases
96
247913
2791
ื•ืื ืืชื ืžืžืฉ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช
04:10
and you live in the US,
97
250746
1167
ื•ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
04:11
heck, use Fahrenheit for goodness sake.
98
251954
1917
ื ื•, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืคืจื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”.
04:13
It doubles the severity.
99
253871
1167
ื–ื” ืžื›ืคื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื”.
04:15
"Nine degrees during your kid's lifetime" sounds pretty serious.
100
255079
3042
โ€œืชืฉืข ืžืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื›ืโ€ ื ืฉืžืข ื“ื™ ื—ืžื•ืจ.
โ€œ1.5 ืžืขืœื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืžื ืช ืคืจื™ื–โ€œ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื–ื”.
04:18
"One point five degrees Celsius to meet the Paris Accord" is pretty ignorable.
101
258121
3833
04:21
This is about going beyond arcane policy language
102
261996
3500
ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืฉืคืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืชื™ืงื”,
04:25
into language that we all intuitively get.
103
265538
2708
ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืคื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช.
04:28
That's the first step: understanding.
104
268246
2500
ื–ื” ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ: ื”ื‘ื ื”.
04:30
But understanding without relevance is rudderless.
105
270746
2458
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืœื™ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื—ืกืจืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ.
04:33
So the second key then
106
273246
1833
ืื– ื”ืžืคืชื— ื”ืฉื ื™
04:35
is to make climate feel like something that matters to you,
107
275079
2792
ื”ื•ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืืงืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื›ื,
04:37
to your life, individually and personally.
108
277913
2416
ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ืช ืžื›ื.
04:40
Nobody has an epiphany about policy proposals.
109
280704
2500
ืœืืฃ ืื—ืช ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืจื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช.
04:43
Awakenings are personal.
110
283204
1209
ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ืช.
04:44
They have local relevance.
111
284454
1292
ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช.
04:45
They're about your life and your concerns.
112
285746
2042
ื”ื™ื ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื“ืื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
04:47
As an example, we presented two messages to a few thousand people in Florida.
113
287829
3750
ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื”ืฆื’ื ื• ืฉื ื™ ืžืกืจื™ื ืœื›ืžื” ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื”.
04:51
One asked them "to demand that we get to zero emissions to stop climate change."
114
291621
3792
ืื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžื”ื โ€œืœืชื‘ื•ืข ืฉื ื’ื™ืข ืœืืคืก ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.โ€
04:55
Another simply said, "Stop my flooding."
115
295413
2166
ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ืืžืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜, โ€œืขืฆืจื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืคื•ืช ืฉืœื™.โ€
04:57
The latter message was over four times more effective in getting their attention.
116
297621
3875
ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืคื™ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘.
05:01
Local flooding was so much more relevant than global warming.
117
301538
3625
ื”ืฆืคื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช.
05:05
What's needed isn't better policy descriptions,
118
305204
2209
ืžื” ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ ืื™ื ื• ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
05:07
but rather deeper, more personal connections.
119
307413
2208
ืืœื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:09
Here's another example.
120
309621
1333
ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช.
05:10
We work with a team of remarkable women climate scientists
121
310996
3083
ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ืขื ื™ื•ืช ืืงืœื™ื
05:14
to help elevate their voice as messengers.
122
314079
2417
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืงื•ืœืŸ ื›ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช.
05:16
They've dedicated their careers to studying the issue,
123
316496
2792
ื”ืŸ ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉื• ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ื ื•ืฉื,
05:19
developing complex computational models to understand the Arctic processes,
124
319329
4334
ืคื™ืชื—ื• ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืืจืงื˜ื™ื™ื,
05:23
and climbing into planes to measure nitrogen in wildfire smoke.
125
323704
3417
ื•ืขืœื• ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ื—ื ืงืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืŸ ืฉืจื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข.
05:27
They could tell you everything you need to know about the science,
126
327121
3167
ื”ืŸ ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืชืจืฆื• ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืข,
ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฉืืœื ื• ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœืžื” ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืงืจื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
05:30
but what we asked them about was why they study it.
127
330329
2542
05:32
And they told us about their daughters and their sons,
128
332913
2833
ื•ื”ืŸ ืกื™ืคืจื• ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ,
05:35
about wanting to keep the world safe and healthy and vibrant
129
335788
3041
ืขืœ ืจืฆื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื•ื ื™
05:38
for their children.
130
338871
1167
ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
ื•ื›ืฉื—ืœืงื ื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืขื ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
05:40
And when we shared these personal stories with other parents,
131
340038
2875
05:42
they started to care far more deeply about climate change
132
342954
2709
ื”ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื“ืื•ื’ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื
05:45
than they did from staring at charts of global temperatures.
133
345663
2916
ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ื•ืช.
ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืงื“ื™ืฉื• ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื
05:48
People see a parent who's dedicated their life
134
348579
2167
05:50
to creating a better world for their child.
135
350788
2041
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื.
05:52
Every parent can relate to that.
136
352829
1542
ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœื–ื”.
05:54
It matters to me.
137
354413
1333
ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื™.
05:55
The right messages are those that connect climate change to personal identity.
138
355788
3708
ื”ืžืกืจื™ื ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ืืœื” ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืงืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช.
05:59
Our life -- not future lives,
139
359538
2000
ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• -- ืœื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“,
06:01
not the world -- our community,
140
361579
2125
ืœื ื”ืขื•ืœื -- ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ื•,
06:03
not necessarily environmentalism -- our values,
141
363704
3084
ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืกึฐื‘ึดื™ื‘ึธืชึธื ื•ึผืช -- ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
06:06
and not just children -- our child.
142
366788
2250
ื•ืœื ืกืชื ื™ืœื“ื™ื -- ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœื ื•.
06:09
Finally, the third key to the climate communications puzzle
143
369079
2792
ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ืžืคืชื— ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืœืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืืงืœื™ื
06:11
to show that climate change is an issue for people like me:
144
371913
3125
ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื™:
06:15
Humans are social animals,
145
375079
1334
ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช,
06:16
and that's true for how we form our beliefs, too.
146
376454
2875
ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
06:19
You can present the exact same message to many people,
147
379329
3000
ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืกืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื,
06:22
but when it comes from someone with a similar accent or background,
148
382371
3167
ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืขื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืื• ืจืงืข ื“ื•ืžื”,
06:25
we see double-digit increases in message effectiveness.
149
385579
3042
ืจื•ืื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืกืจ ื‘ืžืขืœ 10%.
06:28
Here's an unexpected messenger who really lands the point.
150
388621
2750
ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ ืฉืžืžืฉ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื”.
06:31
A guy we call Florida man.
151
391413
1250
ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• ืื™ืฉ ืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื”.
06:32
He's a resident of North Florida who got into a little trouble with the law
152
392704
3542
ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืฉื‘ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉื”ืกืชื‘ืš ืงืฆืช ืขื ื”ื—ื•ืง
ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืœืงื— ืชื ื™ืŸ ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื ื•ื—ื•ืช
06:36
after taking an alligator into a convenience store
153
396288
2333
06:38
when he was on a beer run.
154
398663
1375
ื›ืฉื™ืฆื ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื”.
ืœื ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ืžืชื‘ืงืฉ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื,
06:40
Not exactly the most obvious climate change messenger
155
400038
2625
ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืคืจืกื•ืžืช ื‘ืจืฉืช ืฉืชื™ืืจื” ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื•
06:42
yet when he appeared in an internet ad describing in his own way
156
402663
3041
06:45
how he's worried about his way of life,
157
405746
1875
ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื•,
06:47
it significantly increased climate concern among young conservative men in Florida.
158
407621
3958
ื–ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืื’ื•ืช ืœืืงืœื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉืžืจื ื™ื ื‘ืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื”.
06:51
Most people don't see themselves as "environmentalists" per se,
159
411579
3334
ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื›โ€œืื ืฉื™ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”โ€œ,
06:54
and they see climate change as an "environmentalist issue."
160
414954
2792
ื•ื”ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื›โ€œื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.โ€
06:57
But messages that break away from those narrow identity markers
161
417788
3333
ืื‘ืœ ืžืกืจื™ื ืฉืžืชืจื—ืงื™ื ืžืกืžื ื™ ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”
07:01
make the issue relatable.
162
421121
1292
ืžืงืจื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกืจ ืœืงื”ืœ.
07:02
They give people a reason to care.
163
422454
1792
ื”ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื“ืื’ื”.
07:04
So the core idea is that instead of explaining the issue at people,
164
424288
3416
ืื– ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืคืชื— ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืœืื ืฉื™ื,
07:07
it's essential to bring people into the issue,
165
427746
2625
ื–ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืงืจื‘ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื•ืฉื,
07:10
so that they say, "I get it.
166
430371
2000
ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื™ื’ื™ื“ื•, โ€œืื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
07:12
It matters to me.
167
432413
1250
ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืœื ื•.
07:13
It matters to people like me."
168
433704
1500
ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื•.โ€
07:15
Then and only then are we primed to take action.
169
435246
2917
ืื–, ื•ืจืง ืื–, ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ.
07:18
If the intelligent aliens in my story were also intelligent at communications,
170
438204
3709
ืื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื–ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช,
07:21
they would say to us, "Hey, Earthlings, pay attention,
171
441954
3334
ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื ื•, โ€œื”ื™, ื‘ื ื™ ืืจืฅ, ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘,
07:25
you're building up a massive blanket of pollution that's overheating your home.
172
445288
4000
ืืชื ืฆื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ื›ื” ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื—ืžืžืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
07:29
And it's going to hurt the people and the things that you love.
173
449288
3166
ื•ื–ื” ื™ืคื’ืข ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืชื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื.
07:32
You did this and you can fix it."
174
452496
2083
ืืชื ืขืฉื™ืชื ืืช ื–ื” ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื–ื”.โ€
07:34
We simply have to let our fellow eight billion inhabitants of our home know
175
454579
3709
ืื ื—ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”.
07:38
what's happening.
176
458329
1167
07:39
We have no choice.
177
459496
1250
ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื‘ืจื™ืจื”.
07:40
And when we do,
178
460746
1167
ื•ื›ืฉื ืฆืœื™ื—, ื ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ
07:41
we'll achieve the public will necessary to take on this colossal
179
461913
3041
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฆื•ื ืืš ื’ื ืืคืฉืจื™.
07:44
but winnable fight for our future.
180
464954
2125
07:47
Thank you.
181
467913
1125
ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7