Nathan Myhrvold: A life of fascinations

53,579 views ใƒป 2008-06-04

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Eyal Baron ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:18
So, I'm in Chile,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืฆ'ื™ืœื”
00:20
in the Atacama desert, sitting in a hotel lobby,
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ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ "ืื˜ืืงืžื”", ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืœื™ ืœื”ื ืืชื™ ื‘ืœื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ,
00:23
because that's the only place that I can get a Wi-Fi connection,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ื• ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืœ-ื—ื•ื˜ื™ ืœืจืฉืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
00:26
and I have this picture up on my screen,
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘,
00:28
and a woman comes up behind me.
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ื•ืื™ืฉื” ืžืชืงืจื‘ืช ืืœื™ ืžืื—ื•ืจ.
00:30
She says, "Oh, that's beautiful.
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ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช,"ื•ืื•, ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื™ืคื”!"
00:32
What is it? Is that Jackson Pollock?"
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"ืžื” ื–ื”? ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื’'ืงืกื•ืŸ ืคื•ืœื•ืง?"
00:35
And unfortunately, I can be a little too honest.
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ืœืฆืขืจื™, ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืŸ ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืœืคืขืžื™ื.
00:38
I said, "No, it's -- it's penguin shit."
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื”, "ืœื, ื–ื” ื—ืจื ืฉืœ ืคื™ื ื’ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื."
00:41
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:43
And, you know, "Excuse me!"
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ื•ืื–, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ื–ื”, "ืกืœื™ื—ื”!?"
00:45
And I could sense
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ
00:47
that she thought I was speaking synecdochically.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกื™ื ื™ืงื“ื•ื›ื” (ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื•ืคื™ื• ื”ื’ืจื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”"ืฆื™ื•ืจ")
00:50
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:55
So, I said, "No, no, really -- it's penguin shit."
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ืื– ืืžืจืชื™, "ืœื, ืœื, ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช -- ื–ื” ื—ืจื ืฉืœ ืคื™ื ื’ื•ื•ื™ืŸ."
00:58
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:00
Because I had just been in the Falkland Islands
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืื™ื™-ืคื•ืงืœื ื“
01:03
taking pictures of penguins.
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ืฆื™ืœืžืชื™ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื™ื ื’ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื.
01:05
This is a Gentoo penguin. And she was still skeptical.
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ื–ื”ื• ืคื ื’ื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื’'ื ื˜ื•. ืืš ื”ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืกืงืคื˜ื™ืช.
01:08
So, literally, a few minutes before that,
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ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื”,
01:10
I downloaded this scientific paper
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ื”ื•ืจื“ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืืžืจ ื”ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื–ื”
01:12
about calculations on avian defecation,
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ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืชืžื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืคืจืฉืช ืฆื•ืื” ื‘ืขื•ืคื•ืช
01:17
which is really quite interesting, because it turns out
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ืžื” ืฉืžืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื ื•ืฉื ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžืกืชื‘ืจ
01:20
you can model this as something called "Poiseuille flow,"
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ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื“ืœ ืืช ื–ื” ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืงืจื "ื–ืจื™ืžืช ืคื•ืืกื™ืœ,"
01:24
and you can learn an awful lot
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ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื”
01:26
about the physics of the avian rectum.
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ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ืกื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืจืงื˜ื•ื ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช.
01:29
Actually, technically, it's not a rectum. It's called a cloaca.
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ืชื›ื ื™ืช, ื–ื” ืœื ืจืงื˜ื•ื. ื–ื” ืงืœื•ืืงื” (ืคืชื— ื‘ื™ื‘).
01:33
At this point, she stops me,
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื ืงื•ื˜ืขืช ืื•ืชื™,
01:36
and she says, "Who are you?
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ื•ืื•ืžืจืช, "ืžื™ ืืชื”?"
01:39
Wha -- what do you do?"
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"ื‘ืžื” ืืชื” ืžืชืขืกืง?"
01:43
And I was stuck,
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ื•ืื– ื ืชืงืขืชื™,
01:45
because I didn't have any way to describe what I do.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืขื™ืกื•ืงื™.
01:48
And so, in some sense,
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ืื– ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช,
01:50
this talk today
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ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื
01:52
is my answer to that.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš.
01:54
It's a selection of a random bunch of the stuff that I do.
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ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ืชืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื›ืžื” ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืืงืจืื™ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ื.
01:58
And it's very hard for me to make sense of it,
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ืงืฉื” ืœื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ื”,
02:01
so I'm not sure that you can.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืืชื ืชืฆืœื™ื—ื•.
02:03
It's the kind of thing that I sit up late at night thinking about sometimes --
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ืืœื• ืžืกื•ื’ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”,
02:06
often at four in the morning.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ืœืคื ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ.
02:09
So, some people are afraid of what I do.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืคื—ื“ื™ื ืžืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื”.
02:14
Some people think I am the nerd Tony Soprano,
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ื—ืœืงื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื™ ืกื•ืคืจื ื• ื”ื—ื ื•ืŸ,
02:17
and in response, I have ordered
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ืื– ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”, ื”ื–ืžื ืชื™
02:19
a bulletproof pocket protector.
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ืžื’ืŸ ืขื˜ื™ื ื—ืกื™ืŸ ื™ืจื™.
02:22
I'm not sure what these people think,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื” ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื,
02:24
because I don't speak Norsk.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืจื‘ื’ื™ืช.
02:26
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:28
But I'm not thinking "monsteret" is a good thing.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉ 'ืžื•ื ืกื˜ืจื˜' ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื˜ื•ื‘.
02:32
I don't know, you know?
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื?
02:34
So, one of the things that I love to do
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ืื– ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
02:36
is travel around the world and look at archaeological sites.
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ื–ื” ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืืชืจื™ื ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื.
02:39
Because archaeology gives us an opportunity
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืจื›ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื ื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช
02:41
to study past civilizations,
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ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจ
02:43
and see where they succeeded
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ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืžื” ื”ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื•
02:45
and where they failed.
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ื•ื‘ืžื” ื”ืŸ ื ื›ืฉืœื•.
02:47
Use science to, you know,
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ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื“ืข ื›ื“ื™
02:49
work backwards and say, "Well, really, what were they thinking?"
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ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•.
02:52
And recently, I was in Easter Island,
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ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืื™-ื”ืคืกื—ื,
02:55
which is an incredibly beautiful place,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืคื™ื•,
02:58
and an incredibly mysterious place,
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ื•ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ื•ืชื•,
03:00
because no matter where you go in Easter Island,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืœืืŸ ืชืคื ื• ื‘ืื™-ื”ืคืกื—ื,
03:03
you're struck by these statues, called the moai.
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ืืชื ืชื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืงืคื™ื ื‘ืคืกืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ืฉื ืงืจืื™ื ืžื•ืื™.
03:06
The place is 64 square miles.
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ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ ื”ื•ื 165 ืงืž"ืจ
03:08
They made, so far as we can tell, 900 of them.
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ 900 ืคืกืœื™ื.
03:13
Why on Earth? And if you haven't read
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ืœืžื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช? ื•ืื ืœื ืงืจืืชื
03:15
Jared Diamond's book, "Collapse,"
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ืืช ืกืคืจื• ืฉืœ Collapse" , Jared Diamond"
03:17
I totally recommend that you do.
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ืื ื™ ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ื‘ื—ื•ื ืฉืชืงืจืื• ืื•ืชื•.
03:18
He's got a great chapter about it.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืคืจืง ื ื”ื“ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื.
03:20
Basically, these people
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ื‘ืขืงืจื•ืŸ, ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื•
03:22
committed ecological suicide
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ื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ื”ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช
03:24
in order to make more of these.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขื•ื“ ืคืกืœื™ื ื›ืืœื•.
03:27
And somewhere along the line, somebody said,
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ื•ื‘ืื™ื–ืฉื”ื• ืฉืœื‘, ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืืžืจ,
03:29
"I know! Let's cut down the last tree
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"ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข! ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื›ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขืฅ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ
03:31
and commit suicide, because
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ื•ื ืชืื‘ื“, ื‘ื’ืœืœ
03:33
we need more identical statues."
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืคืกืœื™ื ืฉื ืจืื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ."
03:35
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:37
And,
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“
03:39
one thing that isn't a mystery, actually,
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ืฉืœื ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ, ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ,
03:41
was when I grew up -- because when I was a little kid, I'd seen these pictures --
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ื›ืฉื’ื“ืœืชื™, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ื™ืœื“ ืงื˜ืŸ, ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•,
03:43
and I thought, "Well, why that look on the face?
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™, "ืœืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื”ื–ื”?"
03:46
Why that brow?" I mean, it's such a powerful thing.
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"ืžืื™ืคื” ื”ื’ื‘ื” ื”ื–ืืช?" ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ื–ืง.
03:49
Where did they get that inspiration?
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"ืžืื™ืคื” ื”ื ืฉืื‘ื• ื”ืฉืจืื”?"
03:51
And then I met Yoyo,
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ื•ืื– ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืืช ื™ื•-ื™ื•,
03:53
who is the native Rapa Nui-an guide,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืจืืคื” ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื™,
03:55
and if you look at Yoyo's face,
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ื•ืื ืชื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•-ื™ื•,
03:57
you kind of figure out where they got it.
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืื™ืคื” ื‘ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ.
04:00
There's many mysteries, these statues.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืกืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
04:02
Everyone wants to know, how did they make them,
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ื›ื•ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช, ืื™ืš ื”ื ื™ืฆืจื• ืื•ืชื,
04:04
how did they transport them?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื?
04:06
This woman in the foreground is Jo Anne Van Tilberg.
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ื”ืืฉื” ื‘ืงื™ื“ืžืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื’'ื•ืืŸ ื•ืืŸ ื˜ื™ืœื‘ืจื’.
04:09
She's the leading archaeologist working Easter Island today.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืื™-ื”ืคืกื—ื.
04:12
And she has studied the statues for 20-some years,
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ื”ื™ื ื—ืงืจื” ืืช ื”ืคืกืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ 20 ืฉื ื”,
04:15
and she has detailed records of every single statue.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืคืกืœื™ื.
04:18
The one on the page here is the same that's up there.
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ื–ื” ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืข ื’ื ื‘ืจืงืข.
04:22
One interesting problem is the stone isn't very hard.
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ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืจื ืงืฉื”.
04:25
So, this used to be completely smooth.
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ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืคืกืœ ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืง ืœื’ืžืจื™.
04:29
In fact, in many of the statues, when you excavate them,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืคืกืœื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืื“ืžื”,
04:31
the backs are totally smooth -- almost glass smooth.
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ื”ื’ื‘ ื—ืœืง ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ -- ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช.
04:34
But after 1,000 years out in the weather,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจื™ 1000 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ,
04:36
they look like this.
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ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืš.
04:38
Jo Anne and I have just embarked on a project to digitize them all,
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ื’'ื•ืืŸ ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืคืกืœื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืืœื™ืช,
04:41
and we're going to do a very high-res digitization,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืขืฉื” ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืจื–ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“,
04:44
first because it's a way of preserving them.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ืืช ื“ืจืš ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ืคืกืœื™ื.
04:46
Second, we have these ideas about how you can algorithmically, then,
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ื˜ืžื™ืช
04:49
learn a few of the mysteries about them.
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ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกืœื™ื.
04:51
How long have they been standing in what positions?
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ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ืขืžื“ื• ื•ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ?
04:54
And maybe, indirectly, get at some of the issues of
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ื•ืื•ืœื™, ื‘ื“ืจืš ืขืงื™ืคื”, ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื
04:56
what caused them to be the way they are.
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ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื ื ืจืื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื.
04:59
While I was in Easter Island, comet McNaught was there also,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืฉื”ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืื™ื™-ื”ืคืกื—ื, ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ McNaught ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื’ื ื›ืŸ,
05:02
so you get a gratuitous picture
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ืœื›ื ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจ
05:04
of a moai with a comet.
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ืฉืœ ืžื•ืื™ ืขื ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืฉื‘ื™ื˜.
05:07
I also have an archaeological project going on
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžืจื™ืฅ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืืจื›ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™
05:09
in Egypt.
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ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื.
05:11
"Going on" is perhaps a little bit strong.
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"ืžืจื™ืฅ" ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืžื™ืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื™ื“ื™.
05:13
We're trying to get all of the permissions
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื
05:15
to get everything all set, to get it going.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืœ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืจื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜.
05:17
So, I'll talk about it at a future TED.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื™ื—ืช TED ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช.
05:19
But there's some amazing opportunities in Egypt as well.
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืคืœืื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื.
05:23
Another thing I do is I invent stuff.
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ืžืฉื•ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื•, ื–ื” ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช.
05:27
In fact, I design nuclear reactors.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื™ ืžืขืฆื‘ ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื™ื.
05:31
Not a joke.
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ื–ืืช ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื”.
05:33
This is the conventional
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ื–ื”ื• ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื“ืœืง ื‘ื›ื•ืจ
05:35
nuclear fuel cycle.
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ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ืงื•ื ื‘ื ืฆื™ื•ื ืืœื™.
05:37
The red line is what is done in
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ื”ืงื• ื”ืื“ื•ื ืžืชืืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื ืขืฉื”
05:40
most nuclear reactors. It's called the open fuel cycle.
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ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื™ื. ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื“ืœืง ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ืคืชื•ื—.
05:44
The white lines are what's called an advance fuel cycle,
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ื”ืงื• ื”ืœื‘ืŸ, ืžืชืืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื“ืœืง ืžืชืงื“ื,
05:46
where you reprocess.
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ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืžืžื—ื–ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืœืง.
05:48
Now, this is the normal way it's done.
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ื–ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
05:51
It's got the huge advantage that it
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ื™ืฉ ืœืฉื™ื˜ื” ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืขืฆื•ื
05:53
does not create carbon pollution.
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืžื™ืฆืจืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืคื—ืžื ื™.
05:56
It has a lot of disadvantages:
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช -
05:58
each one of these steps is extremely expensive,
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืงืจ,
06:01
it's potentially dangerous
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ื’ืœื•ืžื” ืกื›ื ื” ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื
06:03
and they have the interesting property that the step
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช
06:05
cannot be performed in anyone's backyard,
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ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื”.
06:07
which is a problem.
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ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืขื™ื”.
06:09
So, our reactor eliminates these steps,
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ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื•, ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
06:13
which, if we can actually make it work, is a really cool thing.
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ื•ืื ืื›ืŸ ื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ - ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžื’ื ื™ื‘.
06:17
Now, it's kind of nuts to work on a new nuclear reactor.
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ื–ื” ื“ื™ื™ ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื›ื•ืจ ืื˜ื•ืžื™ ื—ื“ืฉ.
06:20
There's -- no reactor's been even built
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ืœื ื ื‘ื ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืจ
06:23
to an old design, much less a new one, in the United States
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ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื™ืฉื ื” ืื• ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช-ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
06:25
for 25 years.
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ื›ื‘ืจ 25 ืฉื ื”.
06:28
It's the kind of very high-risk, but potentially very high-return
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ืžืื•ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืจื•ื•ื— ื’ืœื•ื ื‘ื–ื”
06:31
thing that we do.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
06:34
Changing into a totally different field,
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ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™,
06:36
we do a lot of stuff in solid state physics,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืกื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžื•ืฆืง,
06:38
particularly in an area called metamaterials.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืฉื ื—ื•ืžืจื™-ืขืœ.
06:40
A metamaterial is an artificial material,
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ื—ื•ืžืจ-ืขืœ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™,
06:44
which manipulates, in this case, electromagnetic radiation,
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื ื•, ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ื ื” ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•-ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ืช,
06:47
in a way that you couldn't otherwise.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืืคืฉืจ ืื—ืจืช.
06:50
So, this device here is an invisibility cloak.
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ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื—ืœื™ืคื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื™ืช.
06:55
It may not seem that, but if you were a microwave,
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ื–ื” ืœื ื ืจืื” ื›ืš, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžื™ืงืจื•-ื’ืœ,
06:58
this is how you would view it.
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ื›ืš ื”ื™ื™ืช ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื–ื”.
07:00
Rays of light -- in this case, microwave light --
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ืงืจื ื™ ืื•ืจ - ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื ื•, ืžื™ืงืจื•-ื’ืœื™ ืื•ืจ,
07:02
come in, and they just squish around the cell,
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ื ื›ื ืกื™ื, ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืชืคื–ืจื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชื,
07:05
and they come back the other side.
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ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™.
07:07
Now, you could do that with mirrors from one angle.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืขื ืžืจืื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช.
07:09
The cool thing is, this does it from all angles.
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ืžื” ืฉืžื’ื ื™ื‘ ื‘ื–ื”, ืฉื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช.
07:12
Metamaterials, unfortunately --
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ื—ื•ืžืจื™-ืขืœ, ืœืฆืขืจื™ --
07:14
A, it only works on microwave,
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ื. ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•-ื’ืœื™ื,
07:17
and B, it doesn't work all that well yet.
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ื‘. ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
07:19
But metamaterials are an incredibly exciting field.
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ืื‘ืœ ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ืขืœ ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืชื—ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืจื’ืฉ.
07:22
It's -- you know, today I'd like to say
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืขืกืง ื”ื–ื”
07:24
it's a zero billion dollar business, but,
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ืœื ืžื ื™ื‘ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื”
07:26
in fact, it's negative.
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ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ืขืกืง ื”ื–ื” ืžื ื™ื‘ ื”ื ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื™ื.
07:29
But some day, some day, maybe it's going to work.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื–ื” ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“.
07:33
We do a lot of work in biomedical fields.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•-ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื.
07:36
In this case, we're working with a major medical foundation
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ืžื•ืกื“ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ
07:39
to develop inexpensive ways of diagnosing
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื— ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื ื™ืงืจื•ืช ืœืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ
07:42
diseases in developing countries.
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ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช.
07:45
So, they say the eyes are the windows of the soul --
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ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉ "ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ืจืื™ ืœื ืฉืžื”",
07:47
turns out they're a window to a whole lot more stuff.
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืŸ ืจืื™ ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”.
07:50
And these happen to be my eyes, by the way.
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ื•ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™.
07:55
Now, I'm also very interested in cooking.
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ืื ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ.
07:58
While I was at Microsoft, I took a leave of absence
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜, ืœืงื—ืชื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืœืœื ืชืฉืœื•ื,
08:01
and went to a chef school in France.
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ื•ื ืกืขืชื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืœืฉืคื™ื ื‘ืฆืจืคืช.
08:03
I used to work, also while at Microsoft,
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ื ื”ื’ืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“, ื’ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืขืกืงืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜,
08:05
at a leading restaurant in Seattle,
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ื‘ืžืกืขื“ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื™ืื˜ืœ,
08:09
so I do a lot of cooking.
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ื”.
08:11
I've been on a team that won
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉื–ื›ืชื”
08:13
the world championship of barbecue.
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ื‘ืืœื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื‘ืจื‘ื™ืงื™ื•.
08:16
But barbecue's interesting, because it's one of these cult foods
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ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื‘ื™ืงื™ื• ื–ื” ืฉื–ื”ื• ืื—ื“ ืžืกื•ื’ื™ ืžืื›ืœื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื—ืŸ
08:19
like chili, or bouillabaisse.
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ื›ืžื• ืฆ'ื™ืœื™ ื•ื‘ื•ื™ืื‘ื–.
08:21
Various parts of the world will have a cult food
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžืื›ืœื™ ืคื•ืœื—ืŸ
08:23
that people get enormously attached to --
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื ืงืฉืจื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื ืžืื•ื“.
08:25
there's tremendous traditions, there's secrecy.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ืจืช, ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช.
08:28
And I'm trying to use a very
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ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื‘ื•ื
08:30
scientific approach.
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ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžื“ืขื™ืช.
08:32
So, this is my latest cooker,
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ืื– ื–ื”ื• ื›ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™,
08:35
and if this looks more complicated than the nuclear reactor,
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ื•ืื ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืœื›ื ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžื›ื•ืจ ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™,
08:39
that's because it is.
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ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื›ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘.
08:42
But if you get to play with all those knobs and dials --
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ื•ืฆื ืœื›ื ืœืฉื—ืง ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืคืชื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื•ื’ื•ืช --
08:45
and of course, really the controller over there does it all on software --
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ืงืจ ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื” --
08:48
you can make some terrific ribs.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฆืœืขื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:51
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:54
This is a high-speed centrifuge.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืฆื ื˜ืจื™ืคื•ื’ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืžืื•ื“.
08:56
You should all have one in your kitchen,
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ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉืชื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืื—ืช ื›ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื—.
08:58
beside your Turbochef.
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื˜ื•ืจื‘ื•-ืฉืฃ ืฉืœื›ื.
09:00
This subjects food to a force about 50,000 times
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ื”ืฆื ื˜ืจื™ืคื•ื’ื” ืžืคืขื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื— ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืคื™ 50,000
09:02
that of normal gravity,
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ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ,
09:04
and oh boy, does it clarify chicken stock.
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ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืœืกื™ื ื•ืŸ ืฆื™ืจ ืขื•ืฃ.
09:07
You would not believe it!
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ืœื ืชืืžื™ื ื•!
09:10
I perform a series of ghoulish experiments
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืฆืข ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื
09:12
on food --
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ืขืœ ืื•ื›ืœ --
09:14
in this case, trying to calibrate a mathematical model
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”, ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื›ื™ื™ืœ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืžืชืžื˜ื™
09:17
so that one can predict exactly
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง
09:19
what the internal cooking times are.
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ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืคื ื™ืžื™.
09:21
It turns out, A, it's useful, and for a geek like me, it's fun.
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืขื™ืœ, ื•ืœื—ื ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื•ื ื™, ื–ื” ืžืฉืขืฉืข ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ.
09:24
Theory is red,
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ื”ื’ืจืฃ ื”ืชืื•ืจื˜ื™ ื‘ืื“ื•ื,
09:26
black is experiment.
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ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™.
09:28
So, I'm either really good at faking it,
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ืื– ืื• ืฉืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืœื–ื™ื™ืฃ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืื• --
09:31
or this particular model seems to work.
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ืฉื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“.
09:34
So, another random thing I do
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ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจ ืืงืจืื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื•
09:36
is the search for extraterrestrial intelligence,
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ื”ื•ื ืœื—ืคืฉ ื—ื•ืฆื ื™ื,
09:38
or SETI.
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ืื• ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ SETI (ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence)
09:40
And you may be familiar with the movie "Contact,"
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ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ "ืงื•ื ื˜ืืงื˜" (Contact),
09:42
which sort of popularized that.
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ืžื” ืฉื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืกื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืคืขื”.
09:44
It turns out there are real people who go out
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”
09:46
and search for extraterrestrials in a very scientific way.
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ื•ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืœื™ื ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื.
09:50
In fact, almost everybody in the movie
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกืจื˜
09:53
is based on a real character, a real person.
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ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื.
09:56
So, the Jodie Foster character here
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ืœืžืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืื•ืชื” ืžื’ืœืžืช ื’'ื•ื“ื™ ืคื•ืกื˜ืจ ื›ืืŸ
09:58
is actually this woman, Jill Tarter,
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืืฉื” ื‘ืฉื ื’'ื™ืœ ื˜ืจื˜ืจ (Jill Tarter)
10:01
and Jill has dedicated her life to this.
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ื•ื’'ื™ืœ ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื” ืœื›ืš.
10:05
You know, a lot of people risk their lives
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื›ื ื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื
10:07
in a brief act of heroism,
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ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืงืฆืจื™ื,
10:09
which is kind of cool,
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ืฉื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžื’ื ื™ื‘,
10:11
but Jill has
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื’'ื™ืœ ื™ืฉ
10:13
what I call slow heroism.
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ืืช ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืื™ื˜ื™ืช.
10:15
She is risking her professional life on something
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ื”ื™ื ืžืขืžื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืง ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื•
10:18
that her own calculations show
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ืฉื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื” ืžืจืื™ื ื›ื™
10:21
may not work for a thousand years -- may not ever.
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ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ืœื ื™ืงืจื” ืขื•ื“ ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื -- ืื• ืฉืœื ื™ืงืจื” ืœืขื•ืœื.
10:25
So, I like to support people that are risking their lives.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืขืžื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืง.
10:28
After the movie came out, of course, there was a lot of interest in SETI.
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืกืจื˜ ื™ืฆื ืœืžืกื›ื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื ื™ื.
10:31
My kids saw the movie,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ ืฆืคื• ื‘ืกืจื˜,
10:33
and afterwards they came to me and they said,
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ื”ื ื‘ืื• ืืœื™ ื•ืืžืจื•,
10:35
"So, Dad, so -- so --
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"ืจื’ืข ืื‘ื, ืจื’ืข --
10:37
that character -- that's Jill, right?"
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ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื -- ื–ืืช ื’'ื™ืœ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?"
10:39
I said, "Oh, yeah, yeah -- absolutely."
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™, "ื›ืŸ, ื›ืŸ, -- ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื"
10:41
"And that other person, that's someone -- " I said, "Yes."
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"ื•ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคืช ื–ื” ื’ื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• -- "ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™, "ื›ืŸ."
10:43
They said, "Well, you know that creepy rich guy in the movie?
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ืืžืจื•, "ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ื•ื”ืžืฆืžืจืจ ื‘ืกืจื˜?
10:47
Is that you?"
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ื–ื” ืืชื”?"
10:49
I said, "Well, you know, it's just a movie! Come on."
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื, ืชืจืื• ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื–ื” ืจืง ืกืจื˜! ืฉื—ืจืจื•.
10:51
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:55
So, the SETI Institute,
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ืื– ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”-SETI,
10:57
with a little bit of help from me, and a lot of help from Paul Allen
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœ ืืœืŸ ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื™ ื”ืคืขื•ื˜ื”
10:59
and a variety of other people,
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ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื,
11:01
is building a dedicated radio telescope
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ื ื‘ื ื” ืจื“ื™ื•-ื˜ืœืกืงื•ืค, ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ,
11:03
in Hat Creek, California,
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ื‘ื”ืื˜ ืงืจื™ืง, ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”
11:05
so they can do this SETI work.
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ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืฉืœื”ื.
11:08
Now, I travel a lot, and I change cell phones a lot,
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ืื ื™ ื ื•ืกืข ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืื ื™ ืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื,
11:10
and the one person who always gets updated
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ื•ื”ืื“ื ืื•ืชื• ืื ื™ ืžืขื“ื›ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™
11:12
on all my cell phones and pagers and everything else
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ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ืฉืœื™, ื”ืื™ืชื•ืจื™ืช ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื
11:15
is Jill, because I really don't want to miss
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ื”ื™ื ื’'ื™ืœ, ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืคืกืคืก ืืช
11:17
"the call."
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"ื”-ืฉื™ื—ื”"
11:19
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:21
I mean, can you imagine? E.T.'s phoning home,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืืจ ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืืช ืื™-ื˜ื™ ืžืชืงืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”,
11:23
and I'm not, like, there? You know, horrible!
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื”? ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืจื!
11:27
So, I do a lot of work on dinosaurs.
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืกืง ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื™ื.
11:30
I'm known to TEDsters as the guy that has sex with dinosaurs.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ TED ืื ื™ ื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉืฉื•ื›ื‘ ืขื ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื™ื.
11:33
And I resemble that remark.
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ื•ืื ื™ "ืœื ืฉื•ืœืœ".
11:36
I'm going to talk about a different aspect of dinosaurs,
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ืื ื™ ืื“ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื™ื.
11:38
which is the finding of them.
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ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื.
11:41
Now, to find dinosaurs, you hike around in horrible conditions
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื™ื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ืคืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื“ื™ ืžื—ืจื™ื“ื™ื,
11:44
looking for a dinosaur.
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ืืชื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื•ืžื—ืคืฉ.
11:46
It sounds really dumb, but that's what it is.
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ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื“ื™ ืžื’ื•ื—ืš, ืื‘ืœ ื›ื›ื” ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“.
11:48
It's horrible conditions, because
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ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื ื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช
11:50
wherever you have nice weather,
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ื‘ื”ื ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘
11:52
plants grow,
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ื™ืฉ ืฆืžื—ื™ื”.
11:54
and you don't get any erosion, and you don't see any dinosaurs.
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ื•ืื™ืคื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆืžื—ื™ื” ืื™ืŸ ืกื—ื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข - ื•ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื™ื.
11:56
So, you always find dinosaurs
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ื›ื›ื” ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื™ื
11:59
in deserts or badlands,
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ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฆื—ื™ื—ื™ื
12:01
areas that have very little plant growth
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ื‘ื”ื ืื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฆืžื—ื™ื”
12:03
and have flash floods in the spring.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื˜ืคื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืง ื‘ืื‘ื™ื‘.
12:05
You know, skiers pray for snow?
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ืื ื’ื•ืœืฉื™ ืกืงื™ ืžืคืœืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื’,
12:07
Paleontologists pray for erosion.
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ืคืœื™ืื•ื ื˜ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืœืกื—ื™ืคื”.
12:10
So, you hike around
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ืื– ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืœืš
12:12
and -- this is after you dig them up, they look like this.
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ื• -- ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืืชื” ืžื—ืœืฅ ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืงืจืงืข - ื”ื ื ืจืื™ื ื›ื›ื”.
12:15
You hike around, you see something like this.
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ืืชื” ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืœืš, ื•ืจื•ืื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”.
12:17
Now, this is something I found, so look at it very closely here.
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ื”ื ื”, ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฆืืชื™, ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ืืŸ.
12:20
You've got this bentonite clay,
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืื“ืžืช ื‘ื ื˜ื•ื ื™ื˜,
12:23
which is -- sort of swells up and expands.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืชื ืคื—ืช ื•ืžืชืจื—ื‘ืช
12:26
And there's some stuff poking out. So, you look at that,
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื‘ืฆื‘ืฆื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”, ืื– ืืชื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื”,
12:28
and you look up close, and you say,
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ื•ืืชื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืžืงืจื•ื‘, ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœืขืฆืžืš,
12:30
"Well, gee, that's kind of interesting. What are all of these pieces?"
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ื”ืžืž, ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื -- ืžื” ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”?"
12:35
Well, if you look closely, you can recognize, actually,
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ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ื˜ื•ื‘, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื–ื”ื•ืช
12:37
from the shape, that these are skull fragments.
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ืžื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืืœื• ื”ื ืฉื‘ืจื™ ื’ื•ืœื’ื•ืœืช.
12:40
And then when you look at this,
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ื•ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื–ื”,
12:42
you say, "That's a tooth.
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื–ืืช ืฉืŸ.
12:44
It's a big tooth."
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ื–ืืช ืฉืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
12:46
It's about the size of a banana.
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ื’ื•ื“ืœื” ื”ื•ื ื›ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื‘ื ื ื”.
12:49
It has a big serration on the edge.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ื ืช ื‘ืฆื™ื“ื”.
12:51
This is what Tyrannosaurus rex looks like in the ground.
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ื›ืš ื ืจืื” ื˜ื™ืจื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื•ืก ืจืงืก ื‘ืื“ืžื”.
12:54
And this is what it's like to find a Tyrannosaurus rex,
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ื•ื›ืš ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื˜ื™ืจื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื•ืก ืจืงืก.
12:57
which I was lucky enough to do a few years ago.
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ื ืคืœ ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ ืžื–ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื—ื“ ื›ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื.
13:01
Now, this is what Tyrannosaurus rex looks like in my living room.
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ื›ืš ื ืจืื” ื˜ื™ืจื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื•ืก ืจืงืก ืืฆืœื™ ื‘ืกืœื•ืŸ.
13:07
Not the same one, actually. This is a cast, which I had bought,
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืชื• ืื—ื“. ื–ื• ื™ืฆื™ืงื” ืฉืงื ื™ืชื™.
13:10
and then, after buying the cast, I found my own,
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ื•ืื– ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืงื ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืชื•, ืžืฆืืชื™ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืœื™,
13:12
and I don't have room for two.
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื—ื“ืจ.
13:16
You know.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ื–ื”.
13:18
So, the thing that's wonderful for me about finding dinosaurs
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ืžื” ืฉืžื“ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื™ื,
13:21
is that it is both an intellectual thing,
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ื–ื” ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™,
13:24
because you're trying to reconstruct the environment
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื” ืžื ืกื” ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
13:27
of millions of years ago.
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ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื.
13:29
It's something that can inform all sorts of science
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื“ืข
13:31
in unexpected ways.
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ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช.
13:33
The study of dinosaurs led to the realization
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ื—ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื ื”
13:36
that there's a problem with asteroid impact,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“,
13:38
for example.
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ืœืžืฉืœ,
13:40
The study of dinosaurs may, literally,
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ื—ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื™ื ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“,
13:42
one day save the planet.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ.
13:44
Study of the ancient climate is very important.
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ื—ืงืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“.
13:46
In fact, the Mesozoic, when dinosaurs lived,
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืื™ืงื•ืŸ, ื‘ื• ื—ื™ื• ื”ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื™ื,
13:48
had much higher CO2 than today,
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ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื•-ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ื‘ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคืจื” ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื•ื,
13:50
was much warmer than today, and is one of the interesting proof points
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ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื ืžื”ื™ื•ื, ื•ื–ืืช ืื—ืช ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™
13:53
for the effects of CO2 on climate.
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ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื•-ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
13:57
But, besides being intellectually
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ืคืจื˜ ืžืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ืงืจืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช
14:00
and scientifically interesting, it's also very different
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ื•ืžื“ืขื™ืช, ื–ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื•ื“
14:03
than the other things I do, because you get to hike around in the badlands.
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ืžืฉืืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื”, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืžืกืขื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช.
14:07
This is actually what most dinosaur research looks like.
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ื›ืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ืจืื™ื ืจื•ื‘ ืžื—ืงืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื™ื.
14:09
This is one of my papers: "A pygostyle from a non-avian theropod."
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ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืืžืจื™ื ืฉืœื™: "ืคื™ื’ื•ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ื“ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขืฃ."
14:13
It's not as gripping as dinosaur sex,
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืกืงืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื™ื,
14:15
so we're not going to go into it further.
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ื›ื›ื” ืฉืœื ื ืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื ื•ืฉื.
14:18
Now, I'm also really big on photography.
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ืื ื™ ื’ื ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ ืฆื™ืœื•ื.
14:21
I travel all over the world taking pictures --
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ืื ื™ ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžืฆืœื --
14:25
some of them good, most of them not.
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื.
14:27
These days, bits are cheap. Unfortunately, that means
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื–ื•ืœื™ื, ืœืฆืขืจื™ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ
14:29
you've got to spend more time sorting through them.
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ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืกื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช.
14:33
Here's a picture I took in the Falkland Islands
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ื”ื ื” ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืฆื™ืœืžืชื™ ื‘ืื™ื™-ืคื•ืงืœื ื“
14:35
of king penguins on a beach.
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ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืคื™ื ื’ื™ืŸ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ.
14:39
Here's a picture I took in Alaska, a few years ago, of Orcas.
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ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื•ื•ื™ืชืŸ-ืงื˜ืœืŸ ืฉืฆื™ืœืžืชื™ ื‘ืืœืกืงื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื.
14:42
I'd gone up to photograph Orcas,
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ืขืœื™ืชื™ ืœืฆืœื ืœื•ื•ื™ืชืŸ-ืงื˜ืœืŸ,
14:44
and we had looked for a week,
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ื•ื—ื™ืคืฉื ื• ืื•ืชื ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช
14:46
and we hadn't seen a damn Orca.
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ืืš ืœื ืจืื™ื ื• ืืฃ ืœื ืœื•ื•ื™ืชืŸ-ืงื˜ืœืŸ ืื—ื“.
14:48
And the last day, the sun comes out,
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ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืฆืื” ื”ืฉืžืฉ,
14:50
the Orcas come, they're right by the boat. It's fantastic.
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ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ื ื™ืฆืื• ืžื”ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžืžืฉ ืœื™ื“ ื”ืกื™ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•.
14:53
And I get lots of pictures like this.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ื›ืืœื•.
14:56
Then, a little bit later,
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ื•ืื–, ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ,
14:58
I start getting some pictures like this.
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืฆืœื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืืœื•.
15:00
Now, to a human audience, I need to explain that
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ืœืงื”ืœ ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ
15:04
if Penthouse magazine had a marine mammal edition,
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ืฉืื ืœืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ืคื ื˜ื”ืื•ื– ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื ื™ืžื™ื™ื,
15:07
this would be the centerfold.
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ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉืขืจ.
15:11
It's true.
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ื–ืืช ื”ืืžืช.
15:13
So, there's more and more activity near the boat,
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ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืกื™ืจื”,
15:15
and all of a sudden somebody shouts,
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ื•ืื– ืœืคืชืข ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฆื•ืขืง,
15:17
"What's that in the water?"
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"ืžื” ื–ื” ืฉื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื?"
15:21
I said, "Well, I think that's what you call a free willy."
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ,"ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื•ื™ืœื™"
15:24
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:28
There's a variety of things you can learn from watching whales have sex.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ื ืžื–ื“ื•ื•ื’ื™ื.
15:31
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:34
The first thing you learn
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืืชื” ืœื•ืžื“
15:36
is the overwhelming importance of hands.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
15:39
They don't have them.
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ืœื”ื ืื™ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
15:41
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:43
I think Paul Simon is in the audience,
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ื ื“ืžื” ืœื™ ืฉืคื•ืœ ืกื™ื™ืžื•ืŸ (Paul Simon) ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืงื”ืœ,
15:45
and he has --
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• --
15:47
he may not realize it, but he wrote a song all about whale sex,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื•ื“ืข ืœื›ืš, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื™ืจ ืขืœ ืกืงืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ื:
15:50
"Slip-Slidin' Away."
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"Slip-Slidin' Away"
15:53
That's kind of what it's like.
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ื–ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ืš ืฉื–ื”.
15:56
The other interesting thing that I learned about whale sex:
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืกืงืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ื:
16:00
they curl their toes too.
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ื’ื ื”ื ืžื›ื•ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื”ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
16:03
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
16:06
So --
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ืื– --
16:08
where do you go putting all of these disparate pieces together?
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ืื™ืš ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืคื™ืกื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืืœื” ื™ื—ื“?
16:11
You know, there's a tremendous amount of wisdom
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ืชื“ืขื• ืœื›ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื›ืžื”
16:13
in finding a great thing, passion in life,
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ื‘ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื,
16:17
and focusing all your energy on it,
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ื•ืœืจื›ื– ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื•ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
16:20
and I've never been able to do that.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
16:22
I just -- you know, because, yes,
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ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ -- ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื›ื™ ื›ืŸ,
16:25
I'll focus passion on something,
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ืื ื™ ืžืจื›ื– ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžืกื•ื™ื,
16:27
but then there will be something else, and then there's something else again.
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืกืงืจืŸ ืื•ืชื™, ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ื ื•ืกืฃ.
16:29
And for a long time I fought this, and I thought,
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ื•ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื ืœื—ืžืชื™ ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™,
16:31
"Well, gee, I really ought to buckle down."
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"ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืจื’ืข"
16:33
And you know, when I was at Microsoft,
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜,
16:35
that was so engrossing,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืจืชืง,
16:37
and the whole industry was expanding so much,
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืชืคืชื—ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื”
16:40
that it did tend to crowd out most of the other things in my life.
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ืฉื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ื—ืง ื”ืฆื™ื“ื” ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™,
16:44
But ultimately,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ,
16:46
I decided
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™
16:48
that what I really ought to do is not fight being who I am,
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ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืื ื™,
16:51
but embrace it.
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ืืœื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื™,
16:53
And say, "Yeah, you know, I --
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ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื“, "ื›ืŸ, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื ื™ --
16:55
this whole talk has been a mile wide and an inch deep,
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ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืžืฉ ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ืžืžืฉ "ืœื ืขืžื•ืงื”"
16:58
but that's really what works for me."
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืœื™ ืืช ื–ื”."
17:01
And regardless of whether it's nuclear reactors
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ื•ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืื• ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ืขืœ
17:03
or metamaterials or whale sex,
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ืื• ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ืขืœ ืžื•ืœ ืกืงืก ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ื,
17:07
the common -- or lowest common denominator -- is me.
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ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืื• ื”ืžื›ื ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื–ื” ืื ื™.
17:10
That's it, thank you.
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ื–ื”ื• ื–ื”, ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
17:12
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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