Matthew Mazzotta: Playful, wondrous public spaces built for community and possibility | TED Fellows

32,254 views

2021-06-06 ใƒป TED


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Matthew Mazzotta: Playful, wondrous public spaces built for community and possibility | TED Fellows

32,254 views ใƒป 2021-06-06

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Naama Lieberman ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:14
[SHAPE YOUR FUTURE]
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[ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœืš]
00:16
For me, public space is political.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™, ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™.
00:19
I work with communities around the world,
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
00:22
and as we know, every community has problems.
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ื•ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข, ื‘ื›ืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช.
00:24
Some of these problems are solved through the ballot box
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื ืคืชืจื•ืช ื‘ืงืœืคื™
00:27
or city hall meetings
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ืื• ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืขื™ืจ
00:28
or community efforts, like bike lanes and potholes and school budgets.
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ืื• ื‘ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื, ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
00:33
But some problems are beyond the reach of these structures,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ื ื™ื ืืœื” ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ,
00:36
like food deserts,
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ื›ืžื• ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื,
00:38
community well-being
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ืฉืœื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”
00:39
and the loss of cultural identity.
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ื•ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื–ื”ื•ืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช.
00:41
These problems cannot be solved with the existing tool sets.
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ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.
00:45
I believe that public space is the most potent place to discuss these issues,
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืขืฆืžืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืืœื”,
00:50
because it contains the richest diversity of perspectives.
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืขืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜.
00:53
And that's what makes it so powerful.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื• ืขืฆืžืชื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš.
00:55
The existing parks, town squares and sidewalks are not enough, though,
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ื”ืคืืจืงื™ื, ื”ื›ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช, ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ื
00:59
which is why I'm interested in creating a new type of public space,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืกื•ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™
01:03
one that's built by the community and designed specifically for their needs.
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ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉื™ื™ื‘ื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื”.
01:08
I start by listening
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื”ืงืฉื‘ื”
01:09
and by setting up actual outdoor living rooms,
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ื•ื‘ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืจื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ
01:12
complete with couches, tables, chairs, rugs and lamps,
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืกืคื•ืช, ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืช, ื›ื™ืกืื•ืช, ืฉื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ื•ืžื ื•ืจื•ืช
01:16
as a way of holding meetings to learn about the issues
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ื›ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืฉ ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช
01:19
directly from the community.
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ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืขืฆืžื”.
01:21
I use this technique to capture the voices and ideas of people
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ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื
01:24
that might not have time or feel comfortable in more formal meetings.
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื–ืžืŸ ืื• ืœื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื ื•ื— ื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืจืฉืžื™ื•ืช.
01:28
So why get someone to sit in a love seat in the middle of the street?
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ืื– ืœืžื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ื•ืจืกื” ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘?
01:33
In York, Alabama, the residents bear witness
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ื‘ื™ื•ืจืง, ืืœื‘ืžื”, ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื
01:36
to the abandoned houses that cover the town,
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ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ื”ื ื˜ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ื™ืจื”,
01:38
which are a constant reminder of the white flight that took place
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ื–ื• ืชื–ื›ื•ืจืช ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืช ืœื‘ืจื™ื—ืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื™ื
01:41
after segregation ended,
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ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื” ื›ืฉื”ืกื’ืจื’ืฆื™ื” ืชืžื”,
01:42
when white homeowners left the area and let their houses fall into disrepair.
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ื›ืฉืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืขื–ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื–ื ื™ื—ื• ืืช ื‘ืชื™ื”ื.
01:47
Teaming up with the people of York,
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ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืจืง,
01:49
we transformed an iconic, pink-sided, blighted property in the middle of town
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ื”ืคื›ื ื• ื‘ื™ืช ืื™ืงื•ื ื™, ื•ืจื•ื“, ืžื•ื–ื ื— ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ
01:53
into a new house, called "Open House."
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ืœื‘ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื ืงืจื โ€œื‘ื™ืช ืคืชื•ื—โ€œ.
01:55
However, this house has a secret.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื“.
01:57
It physically transforms into a 100-seat open-air theater for plays, movies, music
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืชืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืคืชื•ื— ืฉืœ 100 ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื’ื•ืช, ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช
02:03
or whatever the community would like to experience.
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ืื• ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื•ื•ืช.
02:05
And when it folds back up into the shape of a house,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืคืœ ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื•ืจืช ื‘ื™ืช,
02:08
the image of the reclaimed pink siding reminds people of the past.
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ื”ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืจื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืžื•ื—ื–ืจื™ื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ืจ.
02:12
After its opening, the mayor saw the potential in Open House
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื”, ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœ โ€œื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืชื•ื—โ€
02:16
and held the next town hall meeting there.
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ื•ืฉื ื ืขืจื›ื” ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืขื™ืจ.
02:18
The excitement of this unique gathering space brought new energy
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ื”ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืžืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”
02:21
and gave a fresh viewpoint to collectively discuss the future of the town.
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ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ.
02:26
In Cambridge, Massachusetts,
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ื‘ืงื™ื™ืžื‘ืจื™ื“ื’โ€˜, ืžืกืฆโ€™ื•ืกื˜ืก
02:27
to highlight the issues of energy, waste and climate change,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื,
02:31
we replaced a garbage can in a park with an anaerobic digester
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ื”ื—ืœืคื ื• ืคื— ืืฉืคื” ื‘ืคืืจืง ื‘ืžื™ื›ืœ ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื ืื™ืจื•ื‘ื™
02:34
to transform dog waste into usable methane gas.
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ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืงืงื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืœื’ื– ืžืชืืŸ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™.
02:38
Burning this methane lights the park
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ืฉืจื™ืคืช ื”ืžืชืืŸ ืžืื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืคืืจืง
02:40
and reduces greenhouse gases.
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ื•ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืคืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื–ื™ ื—ืžืžื”.
02:43
By slightly changing an everyday experience in public space,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™,
02:46
the Park Spark Project provokes neighbors to have conversations
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ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ Park Spark ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื ื™ื
02:49
about the natural and built systems around them
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ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื
02:52
and their connection to the environment.
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ื•ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื”ื ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
02:54
In Lyons, Nebraska, residents spoke about the loss of social life
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ื‘ืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื ื‘ืจืกืงื”, ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื”
02:58
as downtown storefronts began to shutter their doors,
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ื›ืฉื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ื™ืจื” ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ื™ืกื’ืจ
03:01
a result of the slow violence of disinvestment,
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ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช
03:04
which has left many rural downtowns empty.
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ืฉื”ืฉืื™ืจื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืจื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.
03:07
To address this loss of human connection,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™
03:09
we used an abandoned storefront to turn Main Street into a movie theater.
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ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ื ื˜ื•ืฉื” ื•ื”ืคื›ื ื• ืืช ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืœืื•ืœื ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข.
03:13
The storefront wall is modified with hydraulics
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ื”ื—ื–ื™ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ื“ืช ื‘ื”ื™ื“ืจืื•ืœื™ืงื”
03:15
so that the awning and false front fold down over the sidewalk
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื’ื’ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื™ืคืช ืžืชืงืคืœื™ื ืœืžื“ืจื›ื”
03:18
with the push of a button,
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ื‘ืœื—ื™ืฆืช ื›ืคืชื•ืจ,
03:20
providing seating for 100.
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ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื 100 ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.
03:22
As the community came together to build a storefront theater,
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ื›ืฉื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืชืืกืคื” ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข
03:24
an eccentric postman who makes sci-fi movies starring his cat
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ื“ื•ื•ืจ ืชื™ืžื”ื•ื ื™ ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจ ืกืจื˜ื™ ืžื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื›ื™ื›ื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืชื•ืœ ืฉืœื•
03:28
proposed to make a documentary for the debut.
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ื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืฆืœื ืกืจื˜ ืชื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื™ื—ื” ื”ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช.
03:31
And so that summer, we turned downtown into a movie set
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ื•ื›ืš ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืงื™ืฅ, ื”ืคืš ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืืชืจ ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื
03:34
and the townspeople into actors
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ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืฉื—ืงื ื™ื
03:35
to create the movie "Decades," a history of Lyons downtown
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ื•ื ื•ืฆืจ ื”ืกืจื˜ โ€œDecadesโ€ (ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื), ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ื™ืจื” ืœื™ื•ืŸ
03:39
from its founding to the present moment.
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ืžื™ื™ืกื•ื“ื” ืขื“ ืœื™ืžื™ื ื•.
03:41
On opening night, the main street,
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ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื”, ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™
03:43
which is usually empty after dark,
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ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืจื™ืง ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื›ื”,
03:45
filled with people to watch the story of their town,
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ื”ืชืžืœื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ืื• ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœื”ื,
03:48
leaving locals to question:
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ื•ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื ืฉืืจื” ื”ืฉืืœื”:
03:49
How will we write the next chapter of Lyons?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืคืจืง ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœ ืœื™ื•ืŸ?
03:52
Well, the next chapter started with a series of movie screenings,
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ืคืจืง ื”ื‘ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ื,
03:56
public events and international musicians,
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ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื,
03:58
as well as a low-budget film community that has blossomed in Lyons,
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ื•ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ืช ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ื“ืœ-ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืคืจื—ื” ื‘ืœื™ื•ืŸ
04:02
bringing in people from all over the world
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ืžื•ืฉื›ืช ืืœื™ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
04:04
and a permanent art gallery that has opened next door.
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ื•ื’ืœืจื™ื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื ืคืชื—ื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“.
04:07
My work harnesses the power of the built environment
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ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ืจื•ืชืžืช ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื”
04:10
to focus on issues that communities and local governments
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืžืžืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืžื™
04:13
have failed to address themselves,
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ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชื ื‘ืขืฆืžื,
04:16
by creating projects so custom fit
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš
04:18
that the community naturally makes it their own.
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ืฉื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืื•ืชื ืœืฉืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™.
04:21
When people from all walks of life have a shared experience in these spaces,
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ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
04:24
it can lead to a paradigm shift in how we see our home,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืชืคื™ืกืชื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
04:28
our community and the world.
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ืืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
04:30
For me, public space is political
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™, ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™
04:32
and becomes powerful when it sparks people's imagination to envision
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ืช ื‘ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื
04:36
a new future.
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ืขืชื™ื“ ื—ื“ืฉ.
04:38
And although every place I've worked is unique,
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ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™,
04:40
it all boils down to one thing:
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ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืžืกืชื›ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“:
04:43
if people can sit together, they can dream together.
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ืื ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื™ื—ื“, ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื ื™ื—ื“.
04:47
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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