How we could make carbon-negative concrete | Tom Schuler

68,861 views ใƒป 2021-01-04

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Transcriber: TED Translators Admin Reviewer: Rhonda Jacobs
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Nelly Freid ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
โ€ซื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ืโ€ฌ
โ€ซืื‘ืœ ืจื•ื‘ื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืฉืžื™ื ืœื‘โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื.โ€ฌ
โ€ซืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื,โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ื”ื’ืฉืจื™ื, ื•ืฉื“ื•ืช ืชืขื•ืคื” ืฉืœื ื•;โ€ฌ
00:13
Concrete is all around us,
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โ€ซื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.โ€ฌ
00:14
but most of us don't even notice that it's there.
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โ€ซื”ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื•โ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื.โ€ฌ
00:17
We use concrete to build our roads, buildings, bridges, airports;
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โ€ซื•ืขื ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืขื™ื•ืจโ€ฌ,
โ€ซืื ื—ื ื• ื ื”ื™ื” ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื โ€ซืœื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืžื™ื“.โ€ฌ
00:21
it's everywhere.
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โ€ซืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื”.โ€ฌ
00:23
The only resource we use more than concrete is water.
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โ€ซื”ืžืœื˜ ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ืงโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื“.โ€ฌ
00:26
And with population growth and urbanization,
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โ€ซื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžืœื˜,โ€ฌ
00:28
we're going to need concrete more than ever.
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โ€ซืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืจื•ืฃ ืื‘ืŸ ื’ื™ืจ ืขื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื›ื‘ืฉืŸ ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“.โ€ฌ
00:30
But there's a problem.
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00:32
Cement's the glue that holds concrete together.
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โ€ซืื—ื“ ืžืชื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื•ื ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™, ืื• ืคื“โ€œื—.โ€ฌ
00:35
And to make cement,
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00:37
you burn limestone with other ingredients in a kiln at very high temperatures.
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โ€ซืขืœ ื›ืœ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืœื˜โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืžื™ื•ืฆืจ,โ€ฌ
โ€ซื›ืžืขื˜ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคื“โ€œื—โ€ฌ โ€ซื ืคืœื˜ ืœืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื”.โ€ฌ
00:42
One of the byproducts of that process is carbon dioxide, or CO2.
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โ€ซื›ืชื•ืฆืื”,โ€ฌ
00:46
For every ton of cement that's manufactured,
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โ€ซืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืœื˜ ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ืคื“โ€œื— ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื”,โ€ฌ
00:49
almost a ton of CO2 is emitted into the atmosphere.
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โ€ซื”ื™ื ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืกืš ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื•ืช.โ€ฌ
00:53
As a result,
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00:55
the cement industry is the second-largest industrial emitter of CO2,
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โ€ซืื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช,โ€ฌ
โ€ซืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื’ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžืœื˜โ€ฌ โ€ซื•ื’ื ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ืคื—ืžืŸโ€ฌ
00:59
responsible for almost eight percent of total global emissions.
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โ€ซื”ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื•ืช.โ€ฌ
01:03
If we're going to solve global warming,
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โ€ซืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ,โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ืžืœื˜ ืขื ืื‘ืŸ, ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,โ€ฌ
01:06
innovation in both cement production and carbon utilization
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01:10
is absolutely necessary.
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โ€ซื–ื•ืจืงื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื” ืงืฆืช ืžื™ื,โ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืื– ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืžืชืงืฉื” ืื• ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื™ื—.โ€ฌ
01:13
Now, to make concrete, you mix cement with stone, sand, and other ingredients,
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โ€ซืขื ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื˜ืจื•ืžื™ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื›ืžื• ืžืจืฆืคื•ืช ื•ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื,โ€ฌ
โ€ซืžื–ืจื™ืžื™ื ืงื™ื˜ื•ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืชื•ืš ืชื ื”ื”ืงืฉื—ื”โ€ฌ
01:19
throw in a bunch of water, and then wait for it to harden or cure.
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โ€ซื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืื™ืฅ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืงืฉื—ื”.โ€ฌ
โ€ซืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ื, ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื’ืฉืจื™ื,โ€ฌ
01:23
With precast products like pavers and blocks,
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โ€ซืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืงื™ื ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื›ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืชื•ืš ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”โ€ฌ
01:26
you might shoot steam into the curing chamber
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01:28
to try to accelerate the curing process.
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โ€ซื•ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ืชืงืฉื” ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ.โ€ฌ
01:30
For buildings, roads, and bridges,
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โ€ซืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-50 ืฉื ื”,โ€ฌ โ€ซืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ื ื•โ€ฌ
01:33
we pour what's called ready-mix concrete into a mold on the job site
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โ€ซืฉืื ื™ืงืฉื™ื—ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืขื ืคื“โ€œื— ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืžื™ื,โ€ฌ
01:37
and wait for it to cure over time.
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01:39
Now, for over 50 years, scientists believed
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โ€ซื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืžื™ื“,โ€ฌ
โ€ซืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืœื˜ ืคื•ืจื˜ืœื ื“.โ€ฌ
01:43
that if they cured concrete with CO2 instead of water,
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โ€ซืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ื”ืžืœื˜ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘โ€ฌ โ€ซื’ื ืขื ืžื™ื ื•ื’ื ืขื ืคื“โ€œื—,โ€ฌ
โ€ซื•ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,โ€ฌ โ€ซืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืฆืœื— ื›ืœ ื›ืš.โ€ฌ
01:47
it would be more durable,
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01:49
but they were hamstrung by Portland cement's chemistry.
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01:51
You see, it likes to react with both water and CO2,
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โ€ซืื– ื”ืžืฆืื ื•โ€ฌ โ€ซื›ื™ืžื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžืœื˜.โ€ฌ
โ€ซืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“โ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืื•ืชื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื’ืœื,โ€ฌ
01:55
and those conflicting chemistries just don't make for very good concrete.
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โ€ซืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืื‘ืŸ ื’ื™ืจ,โ€ฌ
โ€ซื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ืžืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ืฉืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,โ€ฌ
01:59
So we came up with a new cement chemistry.
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โ€ซื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืšโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืขื“ 30 ืื—ื•ื– ืคื—ื•ืช ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ืคื“โ€œื—.โ€ฌ
02:01
We use the same equipment and raw materials,
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02:04
but we use less limestone,
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โ€ซื”ืžืœื˜ ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ืžื’ื™ื‘ ืขื ืžื™ื.โ€ฌ
02:06
and we fire the kiln at a lower temperature,
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โ€ซืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงืฉื™ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืขื ืคื“โ€œื—,โ€ฌ
02:08
resulting in up to a 30 percent reduction in CO2 emissions.
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โ€ซื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”-ืคื“โ€œื— ื”ื–ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœื›ื™ื“ืช ื’ื– ืฉื ืคืœื˜โ€ฌ
02:12
Our cement doesn't react with water.
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โ€ซืžืžืชืงื ื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื›ืžื• ืžืคืขืœื™ ืืžื•ื ื™ื” ืื• ืžืคืขืœื™ ืืชื ื•ืœโ€ฌ
02:14
We cure our concrete with CO2,
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02:17
and we get that CO2 by capturing waste gas
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โ€ซืฉืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉืชื—ืจืจื™ื ืœืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื”.โ€ฌ
02:20
from industrial facilities like ammonia plants or ethanol plants
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โ€ซื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืงืฉื—ื”, ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืขื ื”ืžืœื˜ ืฉืœื ื• ืžืคืจืงืช ืืช ื”-ืคื“โ€œื—,โ€ฌ
02:25
that otherwise would've been released into the atmosphere.
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โ€ซื”ื™ื ืœื•ื›ื“ืช ืืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ืื‘ืŸ ื’ื™ืจ,โ€ฌ
02:28
During curing, the chemical reaction with our cement breaks apart the CO2,
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โ€ซื•ืื‘ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืจ ื”ื–ื• ืžืฉืžืฉืช โ€ฌ โ€ซื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื“.โ€ฌ
โ€ซืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื’ืฉืจ ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžื”ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•โ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื™ื”ืจืก ืื™ ืคืขื,โ€ฌ
02:33
capturing the carbon to make limestone,
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โ€ซืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืœืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื”-ืคื“โ€œื— โ€ซื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.โ€ฌ
02:36
and that limestone's used to bind the concrete together.
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02:40
Now, if a bridge made out of our concrete were ever demolished,
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โ€ซื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžืœื˜โ€ฌ
02:43
there's no fear of the CO2 being emitted because it doesn't exist any longer.
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โ€ซืขื ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืคื“โ€œื—โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืงืฉื—ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ,โ€ฌ
โ€ซืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆืžืฆืžื™ื ืืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืจื’ืœ ื”ืคื—ืžื ื™ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื˜ ืขื“ 70 ืื—ื•ื–.โ€ฌ
02:49
When you combine the emissions reduction during cement production
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02:52
with the CO2 consumption during concrete curing,
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โ€ซื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื ืžื™ื,โ€ฌ โ€ซืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื.โ€ฌ
02:56
we reduce cement's carbon footprint by up to 70 percent.
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โ€ซืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื‘ืช 2,000 ืฉื ื”โ€ฌ
โ€ซืฉืœื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื” ื”ืจื‘ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืžื”ืœืš 200 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,โ€ฌ
03:00
And because we don't consume water, we also save trillions of liters of water.
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โ€ซื–ื” ืœื ืงืœ;โ€ฌ
โ€ซืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”โ€ฌ
03:05
Now, convincing a 2,000-year-old industry
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โ€ซืฉืชื•ืงืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื–ื”.โ€ฌ
03:08
that hasn't evolved much over the last 200 years,
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โ€ซื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืžื•ืฅโ€ฌ
03:11
is not easy;
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โ€ซืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“.โ€ฌ
03:12
but there are lots of new and existing industry players
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โ€ซืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื,โ€ฌ โ€ซื—ื•ืžืจ ื’ืœื ื•ืฆื™ื•ื“โ€ฌ
03:16
that are attacking that challenge.
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03:18
Our strategy is to ease adoption
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โ€ซื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™,โ€ฌ
03:20
by seeking solutions that go beyond just sustainability.
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โ€ซืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืœื˜ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื ื•โ€ฌ โ€ซืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืงืฉื— ืขื ืคื“โ€œื—
03:24
We use the same processes, raw material, and equipment
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โ€ซื”ื•ื ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขืžื™ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ,โ€ฌ โ€ซื•ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,โ€ฌ
03:27
that's used to make traditional concrete,
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โ€ซื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงืฉื” ืชื•ืš 24 ืฉืขื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืžืงื•ื 28 ื™ืžื™ื.โ€ฌ
03:29
but our new cement makes concrete cured with CO2
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03:33
that is stronger, more durable, lighter in color,
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โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื”โ€ฌ
โ€ซื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื•ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช,โ€ฌ
03:37
and it cures in 24 hours instead of 28 days.
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โ€ซื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจโ€ฌ
ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื›ื™ื•ืจ ืคื—ืžืŸ.โ€ฌ
03:41
Our new technology for ready-mix
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03:43
is in testing and infrastructure applications,
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โ€ซื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฆืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื“โ€œื— โ€ซืžืžื” ืฉื ืคืœื˜ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžืœื˜.โ€ฌ
03:46
and we've pushed our research even further
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03:48
to develop a concrete that may become a carbon sink.
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โ€ซืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื’ื– ืคื“โ€œื— โ€ซื‘ืืชืจ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”,โ€ฌ
03:51
That means that we will consume more CO2 than is emitted during cement production.
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โ€ซื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืกืคืงโ€ฌ โ€ซืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•โ€ฌ
โ€ซื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืฆืงื” ืื• ื ื•ื–ืœื™ืช.โ€ฌ
โ€ซืื– ืฉื™ืชืคื ื• ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืคื“โ€œื— ืขื•ื“ืฃโ€ฌ
03:57
Since we can't use CO2 gas at a construction site,
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04:00
we knew we had to deliver it to our concrete
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โ€ซื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื•โ€ฌ โ€ซืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ืโ€ฌ
04:02
in either a solid or liquid form.
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04:04
So we've been partnering with companies that are taking waste CO2
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โ€ซื›ืžื• ื—ื•ืžืฆื” ืื•ืงืกืœื™ืช ืื• ื—ื•ืžืฆืช ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ,โ€ฌ
โ€ซืื•ืชื” ืื—ืช ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื™ืฅ ืชืคื•ื–ื™ื.โ€ฌ
โ€ซื›ืฉื”ื—ื•ืžืฆื” ื”ื–ื• ืžื’ื™ื‘ื” ืขื ื”ืžืœื˜ ืฉืœื ื•,โ€ฌ
04:09
and transforming it into a useful family of chemicals
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โ€ซืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœื›ื•ื“ ืคื™ ืืจื‘ืข โ€ซื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื—ืžืŸ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ,โ€ฌ
04:12
like oxalic acid or citric acid,
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โ€ซืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืคืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช.โ€ฌ
04:15
the same one you use in orange juice.
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โ€ซื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืื—ื“โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืœ ืงื˜ืข ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื“โ€œื—โ€ฌ
04:17
When that acid reacts with our cement,
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04:19
we can pack in as much as four times more carbon into the concrete,
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โ€ซืžืžื” ืฉืงื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ 100,000 ืขืฆื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช.โ€ฌ
04:23
making it carbon negative.
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04:25
That means that for a one-kilometer road section, we would consume more CO2
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โ€ซืื– ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื›ื™ืžื™ื” ื•CO2 ืขื•ื“ืฃ,โ€ฌ
โ€ซืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืšโ€ฌ โ€ซืืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ,โ€ฌ
04:30
than almost a 100,000 trees do during one year.
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โ€ซื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืœ ื”ืคืœื ื˜ื”,โ€ฌ
04:33
So thanks to chemistry and waste CO2,
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โ€ซืœื›ื™ื•ืจ ืคื—ืžืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.โ€ฌ
04:37
we're trying to convert the concrete industry,
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โ€ซืชื•ื“ื”.โ€ฌ
04:39
the second-most-used material on the planet,
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04:42
into a carbon sink for the planet.
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04:46
Thank you.
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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