Jamie Heywood: The big idea my brother inspired

45,868 views ใƒป 2010-02-02

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ariel Rosenfelder ืžื‘ืงืจ: Oren Szekatch
00:15
When my brother called me in December of 1998,
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ื›ืฉืื—ื™ ื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืืœื™ื™ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1998
00:18
he said, "The news does not look good."
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœื ื ืจืื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘.
00:20
This is him on the screen.
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ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš.
00:22
He'd just been diagnosed with ALS,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื’ืข ืื•ื‘ื—ืŸ ื›ื—ื•ืœื” ALS,
00:24
which is a disease that the average lifespan is three years.
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ืฉื–ื• ืžื—ืœื” ืฉืชื•ื—ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.
00:28
It paralyzes you. It starts by killing
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ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืชืงืช ืื•ืชืš.
00:30
the motor neurons in your spinal cord.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืชืื™ ื”ืขืฆื‘ ื”ืชื ื•ืขืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ื“ืจื” ืฉืœืš.
00:33
And you go from being a healthy,
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ื•ืืชื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืžืื“ื ื‘ืจื™ื,
00:35
robust 29-year-old male
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ื’ื‘ืจ ื—ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ 29,
00:38
to someone that cannot breathe,
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ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ืฉื•ื,
00:40
cannot move, cannot speak.
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื–ื•ื–, ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ.
00:46
This has actually been, to me, a gift,
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื”, ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™, ืžืชื ื”,
00:50
because we began a journey
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืžืกืข
00:53
to learn a new way of thinking about life.
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ื‘ื• ื”ื›ืจื ื• ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
00:56
And even though Steven passed away three years ago
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื ืคื˜ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื
01:00
we had an amazing journey as a family.
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžืกืข ืžื“ื”ื™ื
01:02
We did not even --
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ื›ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ืื ื—ื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื -
01:05
I think adversity is not even the right word.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืžืฆื•ืงื” ื”ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื
01:07
We looked at this and we said, "We're going to do something with this
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ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”. ื”ืกืชื›ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื•ืืžืจื ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช
01:10
in an incredibly positive way."
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ืขื ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:12
And I want to talk today
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื
01:14
about one of the things that we decided to do,
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ืขืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื•
01:17
which was to think about a new way of approaching healthcare.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื’ืฉืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.
01:21
Because, as we all know here today,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื,
01:23
it doesn't work very well.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘.
01:25
I want to talk about it in the context of a story.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
01:28
This is the story of my brother.
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ื–ื” ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื—ื™.
01:30
But it's just a story. And I want to go beyond the story,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืจืง ืกื™ืคื•ืจ. ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืœื›ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ,
01:33
and go to something more.
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ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”.
01:35
"Given my status, what is the best outcome
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"ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™, ืžื”ื™ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:38
I can hope to achieve, and how do I get there?"
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ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื•ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื’, ื•ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื?"
01:41
is what we are here to do in medicine, is what everyone should do.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืจืคื•ืื”, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
01:44
And those questions all have variables to them.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช. ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืžืฉืชื ื™ื.
01:46
All of our statuses are different.
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ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
01:48
All of our hopes and dreams, what we want to accomplish,
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ื›ืœ ื”ืชืงื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื•
01:50
is different, and our paths will be different,
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ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืžืžืฉ, ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
01:52
they are all stories.
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ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.
01:54
But it's a story until we convert it to data
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขื“ ืฉื ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืชื•
01:56
and so what we do, this concept we had,
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ืœืžื™ื“ืข, ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื,
01:58
was to take Steven's status, "What is my status?"
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื ื•, ื”ื™ื” ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ, "ืžื” ืžืฆื‘ื™?"
02:01
and go from this concept of walking, breathing,
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ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื”, ื ืฉื™ืžื”,
02:06
and then his hands, speak,
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•, ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
02:09
and ultimately happiness and function.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืื•ืฉืจ ื•ืชืคืงื•ื“.
02:13
So, the first set of pathologies, they end up in the stick man
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ืื–, ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืคืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช
02:15
on his icon,
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ื‘ืื™ืฉ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืจ, ื‘ืื™ื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•,
02:17
but the rest of them are really what's important here.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ ื”ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืืŸ.
02:20
Because Steven, despite the fact that he was paralyzed,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืง,
02:23
as he was in that pool, he could not walk,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœื›ืช,
02:26
he could not use his arms -- that's why he had the little floaty things on them,
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื•, ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
02:28
did you see those? --
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ื”ืฆืคื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื. ืจืื™ืชื ืื•ืชื?
02:30
he was happy. We were at the beach,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ืฉืจ. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ.
02:32
he was raising his son, and he was productive.
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื™ื“ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื•. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™.
02:34
And we took this, and we converted it into data.
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ื•ืœืงื—ื ื• ืืช ื–ื”, ื•ื”ืžืจื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืœืžื™ื“ืข.
02:39
But it's not a data point at that one moment in time.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ืžืกื•ื™ื ื”ื–ื”
02:41
It is a data point of Steven in a context.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ. ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ
02:43
Here he is in the pool. But here he is healthy,
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงืฉืจ. ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื
02:45
as a builder: taller, stronger,
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ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ื‘ื ืื™, ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:48
got all the women, amazing guy.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื, ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
02:50
Here he is walking down the aisle,
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ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ืขื“ ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืคื”,
02:52
but he can barely walk now, so it's impaired.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื– ื–ื” ืคื’ื•ื.
02:55
And he could still hold his wife's hand, but he couldn't do buttons on his clothes,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืืฉืชื•, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ืคืชืจ
02:57
can't feed himself.
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ืืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื•. ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•.
02:59
And here he is, paralyzed completely,
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื, ืžืฉื•ืชืง ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ,
03:01
unable to breathe and move, over this time journey.
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ืœืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื ืฉื•ื ืื• ืœื–ื•ื–, ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื–ื”
03:03
These stories of his life, converted to data.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกืข. ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื•, ืžื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืžื™ื“ืข.
03:06
He renovated my carriage house
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืคืฅ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื™
03:08
when he was completely paralyzed, and unable to speak,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืง ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ืœืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช
03:10
and unable to breathe, and he won an award for a historic restoration.
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ืœื“ื‘ืจ, ืœืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื ืฉื•ื, ื•ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืคืจืก ืœืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™.
03:16
So, here's Steven alone, sharing this story in the world.
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ืœื‘ื“, ื—ื•ืœืง ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”
03:18
And this is the insight, the thing that we are
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ืขื ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื•ื–ื• ื”ืชื•ื‘ื ื”, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ
03:21
excited about,
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ืฉืžืœื”ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื ื•.
03:23
because we have gone away from the community that we are,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืงื ื• ืžื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื•,
03:26
the fact that we really do love each other and want to care for each other.
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ื•ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™.
03:29
We need to give to others to be successful.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชืช ืœืื—ืจื™ื
03:31
So, Steven is sharing this story,
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื. ืื– ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื—ื•ืœืง ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
03:34
but he is not alone.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืœื‘ื“.
03:36
There are so many other people sharing their stories.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
03:38
Not stories in words, but stories in data and words.
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ืฉืœื”ื. ื•ืœื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื, ืืœื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืžื™ืœื™ื.
03:41
And we convert that information into this structure,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ืœืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื–ื”,
03:44
this understanding, this ability to convert
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ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ื–ื•, ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืœื”ืžื™ืจ
03:47
those stories into something that is computable,
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ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืจ-ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘.
03:49
to which we can begin to change the way
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ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืžื ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช
03:51
medicine is done and delivered.
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืจืคื•ืื” ืžืชื ื”ืœืช ื•ืžืชื‘ืฆืขืช.
03:53
We did this for ALS. We can do this for depression,
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ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืขื ALS. ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”
03:55
Parkinson's disease, HIV.
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ืขื ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ, ืคืจืงื™ื ืกื•ืŸ, ืื™ื™ื“ืก.
03:57
These are not simple, they are not internet scalable;
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ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ื ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื, ืœื ืžื“ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
03:59
they require thought and processes
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ื”ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื
04:01
to find the meaningful information about the disease.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช.
04:04
So, this is what it looks like when you go to the website.
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ืื– ื›ื›ื” ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื‘ืืชืจ.
04:07
And I'm going to show you what Patients Like Me,
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ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืžื” "Patients Like Me",
04:10
the company that myself, my youngest brother
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืื ื™, ืื—ื™ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ,
04:12
and a good friend from MIT started.
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ื•ื—ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืž - MIT ื”ืงืžื ื•.
04:14
Here are the actual patients, there are 45,000 of them now,
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ื”ื ื” ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ื›ืจื’ืข 45,000 ื›ืืœื”,
04:17
sharing their stories as data.
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ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข.
04:19
Here is an M.S. patient.
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ื”ื ื” ื—ื•ืœื” ื˜ืจืฉืช ื ืคื•ืฆื”.
04:21
His name is Mike, and he is uniformly impaired
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ืฉืžื• ืžื™ื™ืง, ื•ื”ื•ื
04:23
on cognition, vision, walking, sensation.
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ืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ืงื•ื’ื ื™ืฆื™ื”, ืจืื™ื™ื”, ื”ืœื™ื›ื”, ืชื—ื•ืฉื”.
04:26
Those are things that are different for each M.S. patient.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืืฆืœ ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืœื”
04:28
Each of them can have a different characteristic.
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ื˜ืจืฉืช ื ืคื•ืฆื”. ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”.
04:30
You can see fibromyalgia, HIV, ALS, depression.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืคื™ื‘ืจื•ืžื™ืืœื’ื™ื”, ืื™ื™ื“ืก, ALS, ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ.
04:35
Look at this HIV patient down here, Zinny.
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ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื—ื•ืœื” ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก ื›ืืŸ ืœืžื˜ื”, ื–ื™ื ื™.
04:38
It's two years of this disease. All of the symptoms are not there.
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ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื”. ื›ืœ ื”ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื ืฉื.
04:41
But he is working to keep his CD4 count high
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืชืืžืฅ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืจืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืœ CD4
04:43
and his viral level low so he can make his life better.
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ื•ืจืžื” ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:46
But you can aggregate this and you can discover things about treatments.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื–ื” ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื.
04:50
Look at this, 2,000 people almost, on Copaxone.
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ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื›ืžืขื˜ 2,000 ืื ืฉื™ื, ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื
04:52
These are patients currently on drugs,
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ืงื•ืคืงืกื•ืŸ. ืืœื• ื”ื ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ื›ืจื’ืข
04:54
sharing data.
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ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช, ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข.
04:56
I love some of these, physical exercise, prayer.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื”, ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื ื™, ืชืคื™ืœื”.
04:59
Anyone want to run a comparative effectiveness study
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืจื•ืš ืžื—ืงืจ ืชื•ืขืœืช
05:01
on prayer against something? Let's look at prayer.
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ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืชื™ ืขืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœืžืฉื”ื•?
05:03
What I love about this, just sort of interesting design problems.
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ื‘ื•ื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืชืคื™ืœื”. ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื‘ื–ื”, ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช.
05:07
These are why people pray.
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ื–ื”ื• "ืœืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื".
05:09
Here is the schedule of how frequently they -- it's a dose.
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ื”ื ื” ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช - ื–ื• ืžื ื”.
05:11
So, anyone want to see the 32 patients that pray for 60 minutes a day,
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ืื–, ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช 32 ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืžืชืคืœืœื™ื 60 ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื,
05:14
and see if they're doing better, they probably are.
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ื•ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ืžืฆื‘ื ืžืฉืชืคืจ, ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื ื™ื— ืฉื›ืŸ.
05:16
Here they are. It's an open network,
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ื”ื ื” ื”ื. ืื•, ื–ื• ืจืฉืช ืคืชื•ื—ื”.
05:19
everybody is sharing. We can see it all.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ.
05:22
Or, I want to look at anxiety, because people are praying for anxiety.
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ืื•, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื—ืจื“ื”, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื—ืจื“ื”.
05:25
And here is data on 15,000 people's current anxiety, right now.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ื—ืจื“ื” ืฉืœ 15,000 ืื ืฉื™ื, ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื”.
05:30
How they treat it,
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ืื™ืš ื”ื ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื”,
05:33
the drugs, the components of it,
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ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช, ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ,
05:36
their side effects, all of it in a rich environment,
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ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขืฉื™ืจื”,
05:39
and you can drill down and see the individuals.
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจื“ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื.
05:41
This amazing data allows us to drill down and see
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ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื•
05:44
what this drug is for --
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ืœืจื“ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืœืžื” ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื”ื–ื•.
05:47
1,500 people on this drug, I think. Yes.
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1,500 ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื”ื–ื• ื ืจืื” ืœื™. ื›ืŸ.
05:49
I want to talk to the 58 patients down here
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื 58 ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืœืžื˜ื”
05:51
who are taking four milligrams a day.
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ืฉื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื 4 ืžื™ืœื™ื’ืจื ื‘ื™ื•ื.
05:53
And I want to talk to the ones of those that have been doing
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืืœื” ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื
05:55
it for more than two years.
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ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ืžืขืœ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื.
06:01
So, you can see the duration.
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ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”.
06:03
All open, all available.
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ื”ื›ืœ ืคืชื•ื—, ื”ื›ืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ.
06:07
I'm going to log in.
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ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ.
06:11
And this is my brother's profile.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืื—ื™.
06:13
And this is a new version of our platform we're launching right now.
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ื–ื• ื’ื™ืจืกื ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉื™ืงื™ื ื›ืจื’ืข.
06:17
This is the second generation. It's going to be in Flash.
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ื–ื” ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™. ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
06:19
And you can see here, as this animates over,
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ื‘ืคืœืืฉ. ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืืŸ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืจ,
06:22
Steven's actual data against the background of all other patients,
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ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ืจืงืข
06:25
against this information.
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ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื, ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”.
06:28
The blue band is the 50th percentile. Steven is the 75th percentile,
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ื”ืคืก ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
06:30
that he has non-genetic ALS.
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ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ALS ืœื ื’ื ื˜ื™.
06:33
You scroll down in this profile and you can see
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ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืœืžื˜ื” ื‘ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช
06:35
all of his prescription drugs,
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ืืช ื›ืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืžืจืฉื
06:37
but more than that, in the new version, I can look at this interactively.
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ืฉืœื•, ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”, ื‘ื’ื™ืจืกื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช.
06:40
Wait, poor spinal capacity.
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ืจื’ืข, ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื™ืจื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ื“ืจื”.
06:42
Doesn't this remind you of a great stock program?
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื›ื ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืช ืœืžื ื™ื•ืช?
06:44
Wouldn't it be great if the technology we used to take care of ourselves
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ืืชื ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ืคืœื ืื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืชืฉืžืฉ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื˜ืคืœ
06:46
was as good as the technology we use to make money?
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ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื›ืžื• ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืžืฉืžืฉืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ื›ืกืฃ?
06:49
Detrol. In the side effects for his drug,
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ื“ื˜ืจื•ืœ. ื‘ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ืฉืœื•,
06:51
integrated into that, the stem cell transplant that he had,
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ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ื–ื”, ื”ืฉืชืœืช ืชื ื”ื’ื–ืข
06:53
the first in the world, shared openly for anyone who wants to see it.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื‘ืจ, ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœืจืื•ืช.
06:59
I love here -- the cyberkinetics implant,
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื›ืืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืœื” ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจืงื™ื ื˜ื™ืช,
07:01
which was, again, the only patient's data that was online and available.
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ืฉื–ื”, ืขื•ื“ ืคืขื, ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืฉืช.
07:05
You can adjust the time scale. You can adjust the symptoms.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืฆื™ืจ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช
07:07
You can look at the interaction between how I treat my ALS.
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ื”ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืžื˜ืคืœ ื‘ - ALS ืฉืœื™.
07:11
So, you click down on the ALS tab there.
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ืื– ืืชื” ืœื•ื—ืฅ ืœืžื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื” - ALS.
07:13
I'm taking three drugs to manage it. Some of them are experimental.
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ืื ื™ ื ื•ื˜ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชื”. ื—ืœืงืŸ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื•ืช.
07:16
I can look at my constipation, how to manage it.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืกื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื™, ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชื”.
07:18
I can see magnesium citrate, and the side effects
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืกื›ืœ ืขืœ ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืฆื™ื˜ืจืื˜. ื•ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช
07:20
from that drug all integrated in the time
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ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื”ื–ื•, ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ
07:22
in which they're meaningful.
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ื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช.
07:25
But I want more.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:27
I don't want to just look at this cool device, I want to take this
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืกืชื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ ื”ื–ื”. ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื—ืช
07:29
data and make something even better.
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ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘. ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื”
07:31
I want my brother's center of the universe and his symptoms
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ืืช ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืื—ื™ ื•ืืช ื”ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื•
07:34
and his drugs,
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ื•ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœื•,
07:37
and all of the things that interact among those,
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืคื•ืขืœื™ื
07:39
the side effects, to be in this beautiful data galaxy
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ืืœื”, ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื’ืœืงืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข
07:42
that we can look at in any way we want to understand it,
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ื”ื™ืคื” ื”ื–ื•, ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื
07:45
so that we can take this information
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื”. ื›ืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”
07:48
and go beyond just this simple model
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ื•ืœืœื›ืช ืืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื–ื”
07:52
of what a record is.
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ืฉืœ ืชื™ืง ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื.
07:55
I don't even know what a medical record is.
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ืื ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื–ื” ืชื™ืง ืจืคื•ืื™.
07:57
I want to solve a problem. I want an application.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื”. ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ื™ื™ืฉื•ื.
07:59
So, can I take this data -- rearrange yourself,
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ืื–, ื”ืื ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” - ืชืืจื’ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ืžื—ื“ืฉ,
08:02
put the symptoms in the left, the drugs across the top,
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ืชืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ, ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœืžืขืœื”
08:04
tell me everything we know about Steven and everyone else,
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ืžืžื•ืœ, ืชืจืื” ืœื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ
08:06
and what interacts.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ืžื” ืคื•ืขืœ ืขืœ ืžื”.
08:09
Years after he's had these drugs,
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ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
08:11
I learned that everything he did to manage his excess saliva,
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืขื•ื“ืฃ ื”ืจื•ืง ืฉืœื•,
08:14
including some positive side effects that came from other drugs,
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›ืžื” ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื’ืจืžื• ืžืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
08:17
were making his constipation worse.
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ื”ืจืขื• ืืช ื”ืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื•.
08:19
And if anyone's ever had severe constipation,
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ื•ืื ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคืขื ืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื”,
08:21
and you don't understand how much of an impact that has on your life --
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ื•ืืชื ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืื™ื–ื• ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืกืจื™ื—ื”
08:23
yes, that was a pun.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื—ืง ืžื™ืœื™ื.
08:26
You're trying to manage these,
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ืืชื” ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื–ื”,
08:28
and this grid is available here,
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ื•ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ื–ื• ื–ืžื™ื ื” ื›ืืŸ,
08:30
and we want to understand it.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”.
08:33
No one's ever had this kind of information.
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืกื•ื’ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข.
08:36
So, patients have this. We're for patients.
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ืื–, ื™ืฉ ืืช ื–ื” ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
08:38
This is all about patient health care, there was no doctors on our network.
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ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœื—ื•ืœื”. ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื ืจื•ืคืื™ื
08:40
This is about the patients.
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ื‘ืจืฉืช ืฉืœื ื•. ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
08:42
So, how can we take this and bring them a tool
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ืื– ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœื”ื ื›ืœื™
08:45
that they can go back and they can engage the medical system?
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ืฉืื™ืชื• ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ื•ืœืจืชื•ื ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช
08:47
And we worked hard, and we thought about it and we said,
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ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช? ื•ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืงืฉื”, ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื•ืืžืจื ื•,
08:50
"What's something we can use all the time,
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"ื‘ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
08:52
that we can use in the medical care system,
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ื‘ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช,
08:54
that everyone will understand?"
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ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•?"
08:56
So, the patients print it out,
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ืื– ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืžื“ืคื™ืกื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
08:58
because hospitals usually block us
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืชืขืœืžื™ื
09:00
because they believe we are a social network.
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ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจืฉืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
09:03
It's actually the most used feature on the website.
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ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืฉืžื™ืฉื” ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•.
09:05
Doctors actually love this sheet, and they're actually really engaged.
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ืจื•ืคืื™ื, ื”ืืžืช, ืžืชื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ืฃ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื.
09:08
So, we went from this story of Steven
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ืื– ื”ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ
09:11
and his history to data, and then back to paper,
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ื•ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื• ืœืžื™ื“ืข, ื•ืžืฉื ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื“ืฃ,
09:14
where we went back and engaged the medical care system.
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ืฉืื™ืชื• ื—ื–ืจื ื• ื•ืจืชืžื ื•
09:15
And here's another paper.
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ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื•ื“ ืžืืžืจ.
09:17
This is a journal, PNAS --
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ื–ื” ื›ืชื‘ ืขืช, PNAS.
09:19
I think it's the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science
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ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” "ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช
09:21
of the United States of America.
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ืœืžื“ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช".
09:23
You've seen multiple of these today, when everyone's bragging about
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ืจืื™ืชื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื, ื›ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื”ืชืจื‘ืจื‘ื•
09:25
the amazing things they've done.
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ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื ืขืฉื•.
09:27
This is a report about a drug called lithium.
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ื–ื” ื“ื•"ื— ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืคื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช ืœื™ืชื™ื•ื.
09:29
Lithium, that is a drug used to treat bipolar disorder,
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ืœื™ืชื™ื•ื, ื–ื• ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžืื ื™ื” ื“ื™ืคืจืกื™ื”,
09:33
that a group in Italy found
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ืฉืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ืžืฆืื”
09:35
slowed ALS down in 16 patients, and published it.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืื˜ื” ALS ื‘ - 16 ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ื•ืคื™ืจืกืžื” ืืช ื–ื”.
09:38
Now, we'll skip the critiques of the paper.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื ื“ืœื’ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืืžืจ ื”ื–ื”.
09:40
But the short story is: If you're a patient,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืื ืืชื” ื—ื•ืœื”,
09:42
you want to be on the blue line.
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ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื• ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ.
09:44
You don't want to be on the red line, you want to be on the blue line.
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ืืชื” ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื• ื”ืื“ื•ื, ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื• ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ.
09:46
Because the blue line is a better line. The red line
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืงื• ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืงื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืงื• ื”ืื“ื•ื
09:48
is way downhill, the blue line is a good line.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ืœืžื˜ื”, ื”ืงื• ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืงื• ื˜ื•ื‘.
09:50
So, you know we said -- we looked at this, and what I love also
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ืื– ืืžืจื ื•, ื”ืกืชื›ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘
09:54
is that people always accuse these Internet sites
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื–ื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืืฉื™ืžื™ื ืืช ืืชืจื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ืืœื”
09:56
of promoting bad medicine and having people do things irresponsibly.
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ืฉื”ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ื ืชืจื•ืคื” ื’ืจื•ืขื” ื•ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ
09:59
So, this is what happened when PNAS published this.
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ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช. ืื–, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื›ืฉ - PNAS ืคื™ืจืกืžื• ืืช ื–ื”.
10:02
Ten percent of the people in our system took lithium.
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10 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื ื˜ืœื• ืœื™ืชื™ื•ื.
10:05
Ten percent of the patients started taking lithium based on 16 patients of data
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10 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืงื—ืช ืœื™ืชื™ื•ื ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ 16 ื—ื•ืœื™ื
10:08
in a bad publication.
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ืฉื”ืชืคืจืกื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœื™ืœื™.
10:10
And they call the Internet irresponsible.
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ื•ื”ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื—ืกืจ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช.
10:12
Here's the implication of what happens.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื”
10:14
There's this one guy, named Humberto, from Brazil,
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ืฉืงืจื”. ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืื—ื“, ื‘ืฉื ื”ื•ืžื‘ืจื˜ื•, ืžื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ,
10:17
who unfortunately passed away nine months ago,
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ืฉืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื ืคื˜ืจ ืœืคื ื™ 9 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
10:20
who said, "Hey, listen. Can you help us answer this question?
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ืฉืืžืจ: "ืฉืžืข, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื•
10:22
Because I don't want to wait for the next trial, it's going to be years.
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ืœืขื ื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื•? ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ืœื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื, ื–ื” ื™ื™ืงื— ืฉื ื™ื.
10:25
I want to know now. Can you help us?"
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ืขืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื•?"
10:27
So, we launched some tools, we let them track their blood levels.
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ืื– ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ื›ืžื” ื›ืœื™ื, ื ืชื ื• ืœื”ื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ืžื“ื“ื™ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื”ื.
10:30
We let them share the data and exchange it.
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ื ืชื ื• ืœื”ื ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื•.
10:32
You know, a data network.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืจืฉืช ืžื™ื“ืข.
10:35
And they said, you know, "Jamie, PLM,
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ื•ื”ื ืืžืจื• "ืชื’ื™ื“ื•, ื’'ื™ื™ืžื™,
10:37
can you guys tell us whether this works or not?"
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PLM, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื ื• ืื ื–ื”
10:39
And we went around and we talked to people,
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ืคื•ืขืœ ืื• ืœื?" ืื– ื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื ื• ื•ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื,
10:41
and they said, "You can't run a clinical trial like this. You know?
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ื•ื”ื ืืžืจื• "ืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืจื•ืš ืžื—ืงืจ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื›ื›ื”. ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื?
10:43
You don't have the blinding, you don't have data,
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ืกืžื™ื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื
10:45
it doesn't follow the scientific method.
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ืžื™ื“ืข, ื–ื” ืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžื“ืขื™ืช.
10:47
It's never going to work. You can't do it."
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ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“. ืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”".
10:49
So, I said, "Okay well we can't do that. Then we can do something harder."
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™: "ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”. ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื”".
10:52
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:55
I can't say whether lithium works in all ALS patients,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืื ืœื™ืชื™ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ ALS,
10:57
but I can say whether it works in Humberto.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืื ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื•ืžื‘ืจื˜ื•.
11:00
I bought a Mac about two years ago, I converted over,
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ื•ืงื ื™ืชื™ Mac ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืฆื“.
11:02
and I was so excited about this new feature of the time machine
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ื•ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืชืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืžื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ
11:04
that came in Leopard. And we said -- because it's really cool,
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ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืขื Leopard. ื•ืืžืจื ื•, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžื’ื ื™ื‘,
11:06
you can go back and you can look at the entire history of your computer,
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœื›ืช ืื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืžืœืื”
11:08
and find everything you've lost, and I loved it.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœืš, ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื™ื‘ื“ืช, ื•ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”.
11:10
And I said, "What if we built a time machine for patients,
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ื•ืืžืจืชื™ "ืžื” ืื ื ื‘ื ื” ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื,
11:14
except instead of going backwards, we go forwards.
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ืจืง ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืœื›ืช ืื—ื•ืจื”, ื ืœืš ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
11:17
Can we find out what's going to happen to you,
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ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืงืจื•ืช ืœืš,
11:20
so that you can maybe change it?"
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ื›ืš ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”?"
11:23
So, we did. We took all the patients like Humberto,
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ืื– ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื”. ืœืงื—ื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื•ืžื‘ืจื˜ื•,
11:26
That's the Apple background, we stole that because we didn't have time
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ื–ื” ื”ืจืงืข ืฉืœ Apple, ื’ื ื‘ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ
11:28
to build our own. This is a real app by the way.
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ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื ื•. ื–ื” ื™ืฉื•ื ืืžื™ืชื™
11:30
This is not just graphics.
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ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘. ื–ื• ืœื ืกืชื ื’ืจืคื™ืงื”.
11:32
And you take those data, and we find the patients like him, and we bring
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ื•ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื•ื”ื•, ื•ืื ื—ื ื•
11:34
their data together. And we bring their histories into it.
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ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“. ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœื–ื” ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
11:38
And then we say, "Well how do we line them all up?"
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ื•ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื: "ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื—ื“ื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ืœื?"
11:40
So, we line them all up so they go together
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื—ื“ื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื›ื›ื” ืฉื”ื ืžืื•ื’ื“ื™ื
11:42
around the meaningful points,
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ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช
11:44
integrated across everything we know about the patient.
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ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™
11:46
Full information, the entire course of their disease.
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ื”ื—ื•ืœื”. ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืœื, ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื—ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืžืœื•ืื•.
11:50
And that's what is going to happen to Humberto,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ืœืงืจื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืžื‘ืจื˜ื•,
11:52
unless he does something.
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ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ืขืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื•.
11:54
And he took lithium, and he went down the line.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืœืงื— ืœื™ืชื™ื•ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืžื˜ื” ืขื ื”ืงื•.
11:57
And it works almost every time.
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ื•ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ืคืขื.
12:00
Now, the ones that it doesn't work are interesting.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืŸ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช.
12:02
But almost all the time it works.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
12:05
It's actually scary. It's beautiful.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ืžืคื—ื™ื“. ื–ื” ื™ืคื”ืคื”.
12:07
So, we couldn't run a clinical trial, we couldn't figure it out.
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ืื– ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืจื•ืš ืžื—ืงืจ ืจืคื•ืื™,
12:09
But we could see whether it was going to work for Humberto.
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ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ื–ื” ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ืžื‘ืจื˜ื•.
12:12
And yeah, all the clinicians in the audience will talk about power
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ื•ื›ืŸ, ื›ืœ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื‘ืงื”ืœ ื™ื“ื‘ืจื•
12:14
and all the standard deviation. We'll do that later.
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ืขืœ ื›ื— ื•ืขืœ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืงืŸ. ื ืชืขืกืง ื‘ื–ื” ืื—ืจ ื›ืš.
12:16
But here is the answer
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื” ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
12:20
of the mean of the patients that actually decided
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ืฉืœ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœืžืขืฉื”
12:22
to take lithium.
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ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœืงื—ืช
12:24
These are all the patients that started lithium.
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ืœื™ืชื™ื•ื. ืืœื” ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื
12:26
It's the Intent to Treat Curve.
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ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืงื—ืช ืœื™ืชื™ื•ื. ื–ื• ืขืงื•ืžืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.
12:28
You can see here, the blue dots on the top, the light ones,
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืืŸ, ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžืขืœื”, ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
12:32
those are the people in the study in PNAS
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ืืœื• ื”ื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ
12:34
that you wanted to be on. And the red ones are the ones,
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PNAS ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ืžื ื•ืช. ื•ื”ืื“ื•ืžื•ืช
12:36
the pink ones on the bottom are the ones you didn't want to be.
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ื”ืŸ ืืœื•, ื”ื•ืจื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื”ืŸ ืืœื• ืฉืืชื” ืœื ืจื•ืฆื”
12:38
And the ones in the middle are all of our patients
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช. ื•ืืœื• ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ื ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
12:41
from the start of lithium at time zero,
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืœื™ืชื™ื•ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืคืก,
12:43
going forward, and then going backward.
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ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื, ื•ืื– ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื.
12:47
So, you can see we matched them perfectly, perfectly.
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ืื– ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ื ืชื•ืืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ืฉืœื, ืžื•ืฉืœื.
12:50
Terrifyingly accurate matching.
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ืžืคื—ื™ื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื™ืื•ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืง.
12:52
And going forward, you actually don't want to be a lithium patient this time.
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ื•ืื ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื, ืืชื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœื”
12:56
You're actually doing slightly worse -- not significantly,
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ืฉื ื•ื˜ืœ ืœื™ืชื™ื•ื. ืืชื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืงืฆืช ืคื—ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘, ืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™,
12:58
but slightly worse. You don't want to be a lithium patient this time.
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ืื‘ืœ ืงืฆืช ืคื—ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘. ืืชื” ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœื” ืฉื ื•ื˜ืœ ืœื™ืชื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื–ื”.
13:01
But you know, a lot of people dropped out,
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืฉืจื•,
13:04
the trial, there is too much drop out.
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ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™, ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื ืฉื™ืจื”.
13:06
Can we do the even harder thing? Can we go to the patients
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื”? ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœื›ืช
13:08
that actually decided to stay on lithium,
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ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืœื™ืชื™ื•ื,
13:12
because they were so convinced they were getting better?
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืขื™ื ืฉืžืฆื‘ื ืžืฉืชืคืจ.
13:14
We asked our control algorithm,
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ื•ื‘ื“ืงื ื• ืขื ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
13:16
are those 69 patients -- by the way, you'll notice
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ื”ืื ืื•ืชื 69 ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘
13:18
that's four times the number of patients in the clinical trial --
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ืชืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืคื™ ืืจื‘ืข ืžืžืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™,
13:21
can we look at those patients and say,
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”
13:24
"Can we match them with our time machine
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ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื“, "ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ
13:27
to the other patients that are just like them,
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ืฉืœื ื• ืขื ืฉืืจ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื
13:29
and what happens?"
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ืฉื–ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื, ื•ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”?"
13:31
Even the ones that believed they were getting better
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืืœื• ืฉื”ืืžื™ื ื• ืฉืžืฆื‘ื ืžืฉืชืคืจ,
13:34
matched the controls exactly. Exactly.
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ื”ืจืื• ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช. ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
13:37
Those little lines? That's the power.
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ื•ื”ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•? ื–ื• ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื”.
13:39
So, we -- I can't tell you lithium doesn't work. I can't tell you
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ืื–, ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื ืฉืœื™ืชื™ื•ื ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“. ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ
13:41
that if you did it at a higher dose
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ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื ืฉืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
13:43
or if you run the study proper -- I can tell you
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ืื• ืื ืชืขืจื›ื• ืืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš, ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื
13:45
that for those 69 people that took lithium,
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ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื 69 ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื˜ืœื• ืœื™ืชื™ื•ื,
13:49
they didn't do any better than the people that were just like them,
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ืžืฆื‘ื ืœื ื”ืฉืชืคืจ ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื•
13:51
just like me,
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ื–ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื, ื›ืžื•ื ื™,
13:53
and that we had the power to detect that at about
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ื•ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”
13:56
a quarter of the strengths reported in the initial study.
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ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ ืฉื—ื–ืง ืคื™ ืืจื‘ืข ืžื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™.
13:59
We did that one year ahead of the time
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ื•ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื–ืืช ืฉื ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื–ืžืŸ
14:02
when the first clinical trial funded by the NIH
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ื›ืฉื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ NIH
14:04
for millions of dollars failed for futility last week,
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ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื, ื ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ.
14:07
and announced it.
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ื•ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืขืœ ื›ืš.
14:10
So, remember I told you about my brother's stem cell transplant.
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ืื–, ืืชื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืฉืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืœื›ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืชืœืช ืชื-ื”ื’ื–ืข ืฉืœ ืื—ื™,
14:13
I never really knew whether it worked.
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ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืื ื–ื” ืขื‘ื“.
14:16
And I put 100 million cells in his cisterna magna,
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ื•ืฉืžืชื™ 100 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชืื™ื
14:19
in his lumbar cord,
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ื‘ืฆื™ืกื˜ืจื ื” ืžื’ื ื” ืฉืœื•, ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ื“ืจื” ื”ืžื•ืชื ื™ ืฉืœื•,
14:21
and filled out the IRBs and did all this work,
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ื•ืžื™ืœืืชื™ IRB ื•ืขืฉื™ืชื™
14:23
and I never really knew.
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ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•, ื•ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื“ืขืชื™.
14:26
How did I not know?
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ื•ืื™ืš ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™?
14:28
I mean, I didn't know what was going to happen to him.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืžื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืงืจื•ืช ืœื•.
14:30
I actually asked Tim, who is the quant in our group --
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ื˜ื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืฆืœื ื•
14:33
we actually searched for about a year to find someone
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ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื - ื—ื™ืคืฉื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืขืœ ืฉื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื
14:36
who could do the sort of math and statistics and modeling
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ืžื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื•ื’ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื•ื“ืœ ื›ื–ื”
14:38
in healthcare, couldn't find anybody. So, we went to the finance industry.
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ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™, ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืฃ ืื—ื“. ืื–, ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช
14:41
And there are these guys who used to model the future
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืคืขื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ
14:43
of interest rates, and all that kind of stuff.
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ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืขืชื™ื“, ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื”.
14:45
And some of them were available. So, we hired one.
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ื•ื—ืœืงื ื”ื™ื• ืคื ื•ื™ื. ืื– ื”ืขืกืงื ื• ืื—ื“.
14:48
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:51
We hired them, set them up, assisting at lab.
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ื”ืขืกืงื ื• ืื•ืชื, ืื™ืจื’ื ื• ืื•ืชื, ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”.
14:53
I I.M. him things. That's the way I communicate with him,
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื• ื‘ - I.M.
14:55
is like a little guy in a box. I I.M.ed Tim. I said,
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ื›ื›ื” ืื ื™ ืžืชืงืฉืจ ืื™ืชื•, ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ืคืกื”. ืฉืืœืชื™
14:57
"Tim can you tell me whether my brother's stem cell transplant
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ืืช ื˜ื™ื ื‘ - I.M "ื˜ื™ื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื™ ืื ื”ืฉืชืœืช
14:59
worked or not?"
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ืชื-ื”ื’ื–ืข ืฉืœ ืื—ื™ ืขื‘ื“ื” ืื• ืœื?"
15:02
And he sent me this two days ago.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื— ืœื™ ืืช ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื.
15:05
It was that little outliers there. You see that guy that lived a long time?
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” "ื—ืจื™ื’ ื—ืฉื•ื“ ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช" ืฉื. ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื—ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ?
15:08
We have to go talk to him. Because I'd like to know what happened.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื•. ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ืขืช
15:10
Because something went different.
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ืžื” ืงืจื”. ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื•ื ื” ืงืจื”.
15:12
But my brother didn't. My brother went straight down the line.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืœืื— ืฉืœื™. ืื— ืฉืœื™ ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืžื˜ื” ืขื ื”ืงื•.
15:15
It only works about 12 months.
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ื–ื” ืคื•ืขืœ ืจืง 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
15:17
It's the first version of the time machine.
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ื–ื• ื”ื’ื™ืจืกื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
15:19
First time we ever tried it. We'll try to get it better later
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ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ืคืขื ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื”. ื ื ืกื” ืœืฉืคืจ
15:21
but 12 months so far.
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ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“. 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืขื“ ื›ื”.
15:24
And, you know, I look at this,
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื ื™ ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื”,
15:28
and I get really emotional.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืžืชืจื’ืฉ.
15:30
You look at the patients, you can drill in all the controls,
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ืืชื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื—ืง
15:32
you can look at them, you can ask them.
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ืขื ื”ืœื—ืฆื ื™ื. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื•ืชื.
15:34
And I found a woman that had --
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ื•ืžืฆืืชื™ ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื” -
15:37
we found her, she was odd because she had data
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ืžืฆืื ื• ืื•ืชื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื–ืจื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื” ืžื™ื“ืข
15:39
after she died.
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชื”.
15:41
And her husband had come in and entered her last functional scores,
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ื•ื‘ืขืœื” ื ื›ื ืก ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื
15:44
because he knew how much she cared.
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ืฉืœื”, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืข ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื” ืื›ืคืช.
15:47
And I am thankful.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืกื™ืจ ืชื•ื“ื”.
15:50
I can't believe that these people,
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ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
15:52
years after my brother had died,
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ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืช ืื—ื™,
15:54
helped me answer the question about whether
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ืขื–ืจื• ืœื™ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื” ื”ืื
15:56
an operation I did, and spent millions of dollars on
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ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื•ืฉื™ืœืžืชื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื
15:59
years ago, worked or not.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื, ืขื‘ื“ ืื• ืœื.
16:01
I wished it had been there
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ื•ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื
16:03
when I'd done it the first time,
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ื›ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื–ืืช ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
16:05
and I'm really excited that it's here now,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืžืชืจื’ืฉ ืฉื–ื” ื›ืืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
16:07
because the lab that I founded
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืงืžืชื™
16:12
has some data on a drug that might work,
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ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืชืจื•ืคื” ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืชืขื‘ื•ื“.
16:14
and I'd like to show it.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื–ื”.
16:18
I'd like to show it in real time, now,
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช, ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
16:20
and I want to do that for all of the diseases that we can do that for.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจืŸ.
16:25
I've got to thank the 45,000 people
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ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœ - 45,000
16:28
that are doing this social experiment with us.
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืื™ืชื ื•.
16:31
There is an amazing journey we are going on
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ื™ืฉ ืžืกืข ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื•
16:34
to become human again,
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ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื‘,
16:36
to be part of community again,
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉื•ื‘,
16:39
to share of ourselves, to be vulnerable,
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ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื,
16:41
and it's very exciting. So, thank you.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืจื’ืฉ. ืื– ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
16:44
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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