Jamie Heywood: The big idea my brother inspired

45,802 views ใƒป 2010-02-02

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Soogee Ha ๊ฒ€ํ† : J J LEE
00:15
When my brother called me in December of 1998,
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1998๋…„ 12์›”, ๋‚จ๋™์ƒ์ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์„๋•Œ
00:18
he said, "The news does not look good."
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์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์†Œ์‹์„ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
This is him on the screen.
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ํ™”๋ฉด์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ œ ๋™์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
He'd just been diagnosed with ALS,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทผ์œ„์ถ•์„ฑ์ธก์ƒ‰๊ฒฝํ™”์ฆ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
which is a disease that the average lifespan is three years.
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ํ‰๊ท  ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด 3๋…„ ์ •๋„์ธ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ
00:28
It paralyzes you. It starts by killing
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๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์€ ๋งˆ๋น„๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ™์ˆ˜์— ์žˆ๋Š”
00:30
the motor neurons in your spinal cord.
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์šด๋™ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์„ ์ฃฝ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด ๋˜์ฃ .
00:33
And you go from being a healthy,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ํŠผํŠผํ•œ 29์„ธ์˜ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด
00:35
robust 29-year-old male
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์ˆจ๋„ ์‰ด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๊ณ ,
00:38
to someone that cannot breathe,
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์›€์ง์ด์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ง๋„ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”
00:40
cannot move, cannot speak.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
This has actually been, to me, a gift,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ œ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์„ ๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
because we began a journey
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”
00:53
to learn a new way of thinking about life.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ •์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
And even though Steven passed away three years ago
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„๋ก ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ์€ 3๋…„ ์ „์— ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ
01:00
we had an amazing journey as a family.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์—ฌ์ •์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
We did not even --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ์—ญ๊ฒฝ ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„..
01:05
I think adversity is not even the right word.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์—ญ๊ฒฝ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์€ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ์š”.
01:07
We looked at this and we said, "We're going to do something with this
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์–ด์จŒ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ง์‹œํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„๋งŒํผ
01:10
in an incredibly positive way."
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ• ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
And I want to talk today
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ
01:14
about one of the things that we decided to do,
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๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
which was to think about a new way of approaching healthcare.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:21
Because, as we all know here today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ์ธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๋“ฏ์ด,
01:23
it doesn't work very well.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
I want to talk about it in the context of a story.
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์ €๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
This is the story of my brother.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ ๋‚จ๋™์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
But it's just a story. And I want to go beyond the story,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹จ์ง€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ,
01:33
and go to something more.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
"Given my status, what is the best outcome
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"์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๋‚˜์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ
01:38
I can hope to achieve, and how do I get there?"
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?"
01:41
is what we are here to do in medicine, is what everyone should do.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ํ•™์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ์ด๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
And those questions all have variables to them.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
All of our statuses are different.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ์ •์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
All of our hopes and dreams, what we want to accomplish,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํฌ๋ง๊ณผ ๊ฟˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:50
is different, and our paths will be different,
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ธธ๋„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
01:52
they are all stories.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
But it's a story until we convert it to data
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
and so what we do, this concept we had,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
was to take Steven's status, "What is my status?"
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"๋‚ด ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป์ง€?"๋ผ๋Š” ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
and go from this concept of walking, breathing,
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๋ณดํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ํ˜ธํก๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์†์„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์–ธ์–ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ
02:06
and then his hands, speak,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋ณต๊ณผ ์‹ ์ฒด๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š”
02:09
and ultimately happiness and function.
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๋ฐœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
So, the first set of pathologies, they end up in the stick man
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” ์•„์ด์ฝ˜ ์œ„์— ๋ง‰๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ
02:15
on his icon,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
but the rest of them are really what's important here.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
02:20
Because Steven, despite the fact that he was paralyzed,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ์€, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ๋น„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
02:23
as he was in that pool, he could not walk,
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์ˆ˜์˜์žฅ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฑธ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:26
he could not use his arms -- that's why he had the little floaty things on them,
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ํŒ”์„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ€๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํŒ”์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•œ ์ด์œ ์ฃ .
02:28
did you see those? --
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์ €๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
02:30
he was happy. We were at the beach,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ด๋ณ€์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:32
he was raising his son, and he was productive.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„๋“ค์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:34
And we took this, and we converted it into data.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
But it's not a data point at that one moment in time.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ์•  ๊ทธ ํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ง€์ ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
It is a data point of Steven in a context.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „์ฒด ๋งฅ๋ฝ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ, ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ง€์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
Here he is in the pool. But here he is healthy,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์˜์žฅ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š”
02:45
as a builder: taller, stronger,
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๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฑด์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
got all the women, amazing guy.
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์—ฌ์ž๋“คํ•œํ…Œ ์ธ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋‚จ์ž์˜€์ฃ .
02:50
Here he is walking down the aisle,
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์ด ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์‹์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑธ์–ด๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์ง€๋งŒ,
02:52
but he can barely walk now, so it's impaired.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ์กฐ์ฐจ ํž˜๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ด ์•…ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:55
And he could still hold his wife's hand, but he couldn't do buttons on his clothes,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์•„๋‚ด์˜ ์†์„ ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์˜ท ๋‹จ์ถ”๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ ,
02:57
can't feed himself.
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ํ˜ผ์ž์„œ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
And here he is, paralyzed completely,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋งˆ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๊ณ ,
03:01
unable to breathe and move, over this time journey.
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์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์€ ์ˆจ์‰ฌ์ง€๋„, ์›€์ง์ด์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
These stories of his life, converted to data.
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๊ทธ์˜ ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
He renovated my carriage house
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ œ ์ฐจ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
when he was completely paralyzed, and unable to speak,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋งˆ๋น„๋˜๊ณ  ๋ง ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์„๋•Œ,
03:10
and unable to breathe, and he won an award for a historic restoration.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆจ์„ ์‰ด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ ๋ณต์›์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
So, here's Steven alone, sharing this story in the world.
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ์ด ํ™€๋กœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
And this is the insight, the thing that we are
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
excited about,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํฅ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
because we have gone away from the community that we are,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
the fact that we really do love each other and want to care for each other.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
We need to give to others to be successful.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ด๋“ค์ด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ฒ ํ’€ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
So, Steven is sharing this story,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ์€ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
but he is not alone.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ˜ผ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
There are so many other people sharing their stories.
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
Not stories in words, but stories in data and words.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ง๋กœ๋งŒ ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๋ง๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
And we convert that information into this structure,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ•ด์„์œผ๋กœ,
03:44
this understanding, this ability to convert
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
03:47
those stories into something that is computable,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
to which we can begin to change the way
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜์ˆ ์ด ์‹คํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”
03:51
medicine is done and delivered.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
We did this for ALS. We can do this for depression,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทผ์œ„์ถ•์„ฑ์ธก์ƒ‰๊ฒฝํ™”์ฆ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
Parkinson's disease, HIV.
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์šฐ์šธ์ฆ, ํŒŒํ‚จ์Šจ ๋ณ‘, HIV๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
These are not simple, they are not internet scalable;
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
they require thought and processes
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:01
to find the meaningful information about the disease.
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์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
So, this is what it looks like when you go to the website.
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์ž, ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
And I'm going to show you what Patients Like Me,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ด์ œ ' Patients Like Me'(๋‚˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค)์ด๋ผ๋Š”
04:10
the company that myself, my youngest brother
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์ €์™€ ์ œ ๋‚จ๋™์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  MIT์˜ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ
04:12
and a good friend from MIT started.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
Here are the actual patients, there are 45,000 of them now,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์‹ค์ œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ 45,000๋ช…์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
04:17
sharing their stories as data.
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
Here is an M.S. patient.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฐœ์„ฑ ๊ฒฝํ™”์ฆ(multiple sclerosis) ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
His name is Mike, and he is uniformly impaired
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๊ณ  ์ธ์ง€๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์‹œ๋ ฅ, ๋ณดํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ,
04:23
on cognition, vision, walking, sensation.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ผ๊ด„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
Those are things that are different for each M.S. patient.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฆ์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฐœ์„ฑ ๊ฒฝํ™”์ฆ ํ™˜์ž์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
Each of them can have a different characteristic.
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๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
You can see fibromyalgia, HIV, ALS, depression.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์„ฌ์œ ์กฐ์ง์—ผ, HIV, ๊ทผ์œ„์ถ•์„ฑ์ธก์ƒ‰๊ฒฝํ™”์ฆ, ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
Look at this HIV patient down here, Zinny.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•„๋ž˜์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” HIV ํ™˜์ž ์ง€๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
04:38
It's two years of this disease. All of the symptoms are not there.
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ํˆฌ๋ณ‘ํ•œ์ง€ 2๋…„์งธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
But he is working to keep his CD4 count high
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Š” CD4(ํ—ฌํผ T์„ธํฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ญ์›) ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋†’๊ฒŒ,
04:43
and his viral level low so he can make his life better.
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์„ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ซ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
But you can aggregate this and you can discover things about treatments.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
Look at this, 2,000 people almost, on Copaxone.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค, ์ฝ”ํŽ™์†Œ(Copaxone)๋ฅผ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์•ฝ 2,000๋ช…์˜
04:52
These are patients currently on drugs,
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ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์•ฝ์„ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ
04:54
sharing data.
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์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
I love some of these, physical exercise, prayer.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ค‘์—์„œ ์šด๋™์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
Anyone want to run a comparative effectiveness study
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๊ธฐ๋„์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ๋น„๊ตํšจ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰์‹œ์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ 
05:01
on prayer against something? Let's look at prayer.
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์‹ถ์€ ๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์œผ์„ธ์š”? ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:03
What I love about this, just sort of interesting design problems.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋””์ž์ธ์ƒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
These are why people pray.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
Here is the schedule of how frequently they -- it's a dose.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ทธ ๋นˆ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ์ •ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋Ÿ‰์ด์ฃ .
05:11
So, anyone want to see the 32 patients that pray for 60 minutes a day,
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๋งค์ผ 60๋ถ„๋™์•ˆ ๊ธฐ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” 32๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ด ์ข‹์•„์กŒ๋Š”์ง€
05:14
and see if they're doing better, they probably are.
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๋ณด๊ณ ์‹ถ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•„๋งˆ ๋” ์ข‹์•„์กŒ์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
Here they are. It's an open network,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
everybody is sharing. We can see it all.
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์œ ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
Or, I want to look at anxiety, because people are praying for anxiety.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด, ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ตฐ์š”. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
And here is data on 15,000 people's current anxiety, right now.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ 15,000๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
How they treat it,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
05:33
the drugs, the components of it,
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์•ฝํ’ˆ, ์•ฝํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ฑ๋ถ„
05:36
their side effects, all of it in a rich environment,
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์•ฝํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ ๋“ฑ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
05:39
and you can drill down and see the individuals.
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๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ๋ณ„๋กœ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
This amazing data allows us to drill down and see
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์ด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋“ค์€ ์ด ์•ฝํ’ˆ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
05:44
what this drug is for --
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์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
1,500 people on this drug, I think. Yes.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ์•„๋งˆ 1,500๋ช…์ด ์ด ์•ฝ์„ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
05:49
I want to talk to the 58 patients down here
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งค์ผ 4๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ๊ทธ๋žจ์„
05:51
who are taking four milligrams a day.
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๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 58๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
And I want to talk to the ones of those that have been doing
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” 2๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ๋ณต์šฉํ•ด์˜จ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ
05:55
it for more than two years.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
So, you can see the duration.
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์ž, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
All open, all available.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜คํ”ˆ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
I'm going to log in.
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๋กœ๊ทธ์ธ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
And this is my brother's profile.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ ๋‚จ๋™์ƒ์˜ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
And this is a new version of our platform we're launching right now.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์„ ๋ณด์ผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฒ„์ „์˜ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
This is the second generation. It's going to be in Flash.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ 2์„ธ๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋ž˜์‹œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
And you can see here, as this animates over,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์• ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ”์ด์…˜ ์œ„์— ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
06:22
Steven's actual data against the background of all other patients,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ
06:25
against this information.
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ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
The blue band is the 50th percentile. Steven is the 75th percentile,
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ํŒŒ๋ž€๋ ๋Š” 50๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œ„์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ์€ ๋น„์œ ์ „์  ๊ทผ์œ„์ถ•์„ฑ์ธก์ƒ‰๊ฒฝํ™”์ฆ์„
06:30
that he has non-genetic ALS.
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๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 75๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œ„์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
You scroll down in this profile and you can see
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ํ”„๋กœํ•„์„ ์Šคํฌ๋กคํ•ด์„œ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
06:35
all of his prescription drugs,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋ฐ›์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์•ฝ๊ณผ
06:37
but more than that, in the new version, I can look at this interactively.
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๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฒ„์ „์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ์Œ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
Wait, poor spinal capacity.
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์ž ๊น๋งŒ์š”, ์•ฝํ•œ ์ฒ™์ถ” ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋ ฅ.
06:42
Doesn't this remind you of a great stock program?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์ฃผ์‹ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์—ฐ์ƒ์ผ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:44
Wouldn't it be great if the technology we used to take care of ourselves
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋ˆ ๋ฒ„๋Š”๋ฐ ์“ฐ๋Š”
06:46
was as good as the technology we use to make money?
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋งŒํผ ์ข‹๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ๋‚˜์š”?
06:49
Detrol. In the side effects for his drug,
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๋ฐํŠธ๋กค. ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์•ฝํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ๊ณผ,
06:51
integrated into that, the stem cell transplant that he had,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋˜ ์ค„๊ธฐ ์„ธํฌ ์ด์‹ ๋‚ด์šฉ๋“ค์ด
06:53
the first in the world, shared openly for anyone who wants to see it.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์—ด๋žŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ณต์œ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
I love here -- the cyberkinetics implant,
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ํ‚ค๋„คํ‹ฑ์Šค ์ด์‹์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
which was, again, the only patient's data that was online and available.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ํ™˜์ž ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
You can adjust the time scale. You can adjust the symptoms.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
You can look at the interaction between how I treat my ALS.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ทผ์œ„์ถ•์„ฑ์ธก์ƒ‰๊ฒฝํ™”์ฆ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ทธ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
So, you click down on the ALS tab there.
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๊ทผ์œ„์ถ•์„ฑ์ธก์ƒ‰๊ฒฝํ™”์ฆ ํƒญ์„ ํด๋ฆญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
I'm taking three drugs to manage it. Some of them are experimental.
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
I can look at my constipation, how to manage it.
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์ œ ๋ณ€๋น„ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
I can see magnesium citrate, and the side effects
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๋งˆ๊ทธ๋„ค์Š˜ ๊ตฌ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์—ผ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์˜
07:20
from that drug all integrated in the time
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๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ๋“ค์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด
07:22
in which they're meaningful.
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์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
But I want more.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
I don't want to just look at this cool device, I want to take this
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์žˆ๊ณ ๋งŒ ์‹ถ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
data and make something even better.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
I want my brother's center of the universe and his symptoms
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์ œ ๋™์ƒ์„ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ๋‘๊ณ , ๊ทธ์˜ ์ฆ์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ
07:34
and his drugs,
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๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋“ค,
07:37
and all of the things that interact among those,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค, ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ๋“ค์ด
07:39
the side effects, to be in this beautiful data galaxy
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋“  ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
07:42
that we can look at in any way we want to understand it,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
so that we can take this information
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
07:48
and go beyond just this simple model
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์ง„๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๋ก์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ
07:52
of what a record is.
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์ด์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
I don't even know what a medical record is.
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์ €๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ง„๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๋ก์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
I want to solve a problem. I want an application.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์‘์šฉ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
So, can I take this data -- rearrange yourself,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์—ดํ•˜์—ฌ,
08:02
put the symptoms in the left, the drugs across the top,
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์ฆ์ƒ์€ ์™ผ์ชฝ์— ๋†“๊ณ , ์•ฝํ’ˆ์€ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ ์œ—๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋†“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
tell me everything we know about Steven and everyone else,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ,
08:06
and what interacts.
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์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
Years after he's had these drugs,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•ฝ์„ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ํ›„
08:11
I learned that everything he did to manage his excess saliva,
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•ฝ์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ
08:14
including some positive side effects that came from other drugs,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์นจ์ด ๊ณผ๋‹ค ๋ถ„๋น„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
08:17
were making his constipation worse.
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๊ทธ์˜ ๋ณ€๋น„๋ฅผ ๋” ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
And if anyone's ever had severe constipation,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์‹ฌํ•œ ๋ณ€๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
08:21
and you don't understand how much of an impact that has on your life --
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ถ์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
yes, that was a pun.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ง์žฅ๋‚œ์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
You're trying to manage these,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
and this grid is available here,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
and we want to understand it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
No one's ever had this kind of information.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
So, patients have this. We're for patients.
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์ž,ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
This is all about patient health care, there was no doctors on our network.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „๋ถ€ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์— ์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
This is about the patients.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™˜์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
So, how can we take this and bring them a tool
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
08:45
that they can go back and they can engage the medical system?
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์˜๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฅ์–ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:47
And we worked hard, and we thought about it and we said,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
"What's something we can use all the time,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
08:52
that we can use in the medical care system,
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์˜๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
08:54
that everyone will understand?"
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ?"
08:56
So, the patients print it out,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ,ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์‡„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
because hospitals usually block us
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๋ณ‘์›๋“ค์ด ๋ณดํ†ต ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
because they believe we are a social network.
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๋ณ‘์›๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์กฐ์ง๋ง์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
It's actually the most used feature on the website.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์ด์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
Doctors actually love this sheet, and they're actually really engaged.
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์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด ์ธ์‡„๋ฌผ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ •๋ง ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
So, we went from this story of Steven
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ,์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ์˜ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์™€
09:11
and his history to data, and then back to paper,
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๊ทธ์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€
09:14
where we went back and engaged the medical care system.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก์€ ์ธ์‡„๋ฌผ๋กœ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
And here's another paper.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ์‡„๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
This is a journal, PNAS --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ PNAS ๋ผ๋Š” ์žก์ง€์ธ๋ฐ
09:19
I think it's the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science
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์•„๋งˆ ์ „๋ฏธ 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Science'์˜
09:21
of the United States of America.
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์•ฝ์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
You've seen multiple of these today, when everyone's bragging about
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฃฌ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์—…์ ๋“ค์„ ์ž๋ž‘ํ• ๋•Œ
09:25
the amazing things they've done.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ด์™”์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
This is a report about a drug called lithium.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฆฌํŠฌ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์•ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฆฌํฌํŠธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
Lithium, that is a drug used to treat bipolar disorder,
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๋ฆฌํŠฌ์€ ์กฐ์šธ์ฆ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ
09:33
that a group in Italy found
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์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด
09:35
slowed ALS down in 16 patients, and published it.
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16๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ALS์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋Šฆ์ถ”๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
Now, we'll skip the critiques of the paper.
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์ž, ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋น„ํ‰์€ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
But the short story is: If you're a patient,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ™˜์ž๋ผ๋ฉด
09:42
you want to be on the blue line.
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ํŒŒ๋ž€์„  ์œ„์— ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
You don't want to be on the red line, you want to be on the blue line.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋นจ๊ฐ„์„  ์œ„์— ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ํŒŒ๋ž€์„  ์œ„์— ์žˆ๊ธธ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
Because the blue line is a better line. The red line
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ํŒŒ๋ž€์„ ์ด ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์„ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋นจ๊ฐ„์„ ์€
09:48
is way downhill, the blue line is a good line.
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๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ง‰๊ธธ์ด๊ณ , ํŒŒ๋ž€์„ ์€ ์ข‹์€ ์„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
So, you know we said -- we looked at this, and what I love also
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ์ฃ . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ดค์—ˆ๊ณ 
09:54
is that people always accuse these Internet sites
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€
09:56
of promoting bad medicine and having people do things irresponsibly.
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๋‚˜์œ ์•ฝ์„ ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๋ฌด์ฑ…์ž„ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋น„๋‚œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
So, this is what happened when PNAS published this.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, PNAS๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•˜์ž ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
Ten percent of the people in our system took lithium.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ 10% ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฆฌํŠฌ์„ ํˆฌ์—ฌ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
Ten percent of the patients started taking lithium based on 16 patients of data
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ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ค‘ 10%๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰ ์ถœํŒ๋ฌผ์— ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋œ 16๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ
10:08
in a bad publication.
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๋ฆฌํŠฌ์„ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
And they call the Internet irresponsible.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ๋ฌด์ฑ…์ž„ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋น„ํŒํ•˜์ฃ .
10:12
Here's the implication of what happens.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
There's this one guy, named Humberto, from Brazil,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ํ›”๋ฒ ๋ฅดํ† ์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
who unfortunately passed away nine months ago,
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์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„ 9๊ฐœ์›” ์ „์— ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
who said, "Hey, listen. Can you help us answer this question?
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๊ทธ๋Š” "์ €๊ธฐ์š” ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ต ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:22
Because I don't want to wait for the next trial, it's going to be years.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹ซ์–ด์š”, ๋ช‡ ๋…„์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆดํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”
10:25
I want to know now. Can you help us?"
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?"
10:27
So, we launched some tools, we let them track their blood levels.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ˜ˆ์•ก ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
We let them share the data and exchange it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตํ™˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
You know, a data network.
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ฐ™์€๊ฑฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
10:35
And they said, you know, "Jamie, PLM,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "์ œ์ด๋ฏธ, PLM(people like me)์ด
10:37
can you guys tell us whether this works or not?"
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ๋งํ•ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?"
10:39
And we went around and we talked to people,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
and they said, "You can't run a clinical trial like this. You know?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‹น์‹ ๋“ค ์ด๋Ÿฐ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž„์ƒ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋ผ์š”. ์•Œ์•„์š”?
10:43
You don't have the blinding, you don't have data,
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๋‹น์‹ ๋“ค์€ ๊ตฌ์†๋ ฅ๋„, ์ž๋ฃŒ๋„ ์—†๊ณ 
10:45
it doesn't follow the scientific method.
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๊ณผํ•™์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€๋„ ์•Š์ž–์•„์š”.
10:47
It's never going to work. You can't do it."
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์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊บผ์˜ˆ์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ๋“ค์€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”."
10:49
So, I said, "Okay well we can't do that. Then we can do something harder."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "์•Œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”. ์ข‹์•„์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”."
10:52
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:55
I can't say whether lithium works in all ALS patients,
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๋ฆฌํŠฌ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ALS ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€๋งŒ,
10:57
but I can say whether it works in Humberto.
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ํ›”๋ฒ ๋ฅดํ† ์—๊ฒŒ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
I bought a Mac about two years ago, I converted over,
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์ €๋Š” ํ•œ 2๋…„ ์ „์— ๋งฅ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์„œ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
11:02
and I was so excited about this new feature of the time machine
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์ €๋Š” ๋ ˆ์˜คํŒŒ๋“œ(MAC OS ๋ฒ„์ „ ์ด๋ฆ„)์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํƒ€์ž„๋จธ์‹ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์—
11:04
that came in Leopard. And we said -- because it's really cool,
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์•„์ฃผ ์—ด๊ด‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ , ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ง„์งœ ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
11:06
you can go back and you can look at the entire history of your computer,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ๋‹น์‹  ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ์ด๋ ฅ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
11:08
and find everything you've lost, and I loved it.
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์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋‚˜ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
11:10
And I said, "What if we built a time machine for patients,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ , "๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํƒ€์ž„๋จธ์‹ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”,
11:14
except instead of going backwards, we go forwards.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ฑฐ๊พธ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:17
Can we find out what's going to happen to you,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด์„œ
11:20
so that you can maybe change it?"
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?"
11:23
So, we did. We took all the patients like Humberto,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹คํ–‰ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ›”๋ฒ ๋ฅดํ†  ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ–ˆ์ฃ .
11:26
That's the Apple background, we stole that because we didn't have time
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์ €๊ฒƒ์€ ์• ํ”Œ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•ํ™”๋ฉด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์–ด์„œ ๋„์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
to build our own. This is a real app by the way.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„์งœ ์‘์šฉ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
This is not just graphics.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
And you take those data, and we find the patients like him, and we bring
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ทธ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ ,
11:34
their data together. And we bring their histories into it.
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์•„์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋ ฅ๋“ค์„ ํ•ฉ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
And then we say, "Well how do we line them all up?"
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์— "ํ , ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ „๋ถ€ ๋‹ค ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€?" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
So, we line them all up so they go together
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‚˜์—ดํ•˜์—ฌ
11:42
around the meaningful points,
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ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•œ
11:44
integrated across everything we know about the patient.
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์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์ ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ชจ์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
Full information, the entire course of their disease.
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์งˆ๋ณ‘๋“ค์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
And that's what is going to happen to Humberto,
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ํ›”๋ฒ ๋ฅดํ† ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”
11:52
unless he does something.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ›”๋ฒ ๋ฅดํ† ์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
And he took lithium, and he went down the line.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฆฌํŠฌ์„ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์ด ์„ ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
And it works almost every time.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋งค๋ฒˆ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:00
Now, the ones that it doesn't work are interesting.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€, ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:02
But almost all the time it works.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋งค๋ฒˆ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
It's actually scary. It's beautiful.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ฌด์„ญ์ฃ ? ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
So, we couldn't run a clinical trial, we couldn't figure it out.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋‹ต์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
But we could see whether it was going to work for Humberto.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ›”๋ฒ ๋ฅดํ† ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:12
And yeah, all the clinicians in the audience will talk about power
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์•„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๊ฐ์„์— ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž„์ƒ ์˜ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ
12:14
and all the standard deviation. We'll do that later.
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๋ชจ๋“  ํ‘œ์ค€ ํŽธ์ฐจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
12:16
But here is the answer
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฆฌํŠฌ์„
12:20
of the mean of the patients that actually decided
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ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜
12:22
to take lithium.
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ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
These are all the patients that started lithium.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฆฌํŠฌ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
It's the Intent to Treat Curve.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ํ–ฅ ๊ณก์„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ํ–ฅ : ๋ชจ๋“  ํ”ผํ—˜์ž๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ ํ• ๋‹น๋œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„)
12:28
You can see here, the blue dots on the top, the light ones,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ณด์ด๋“ฏ์ด, ์œ—๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ์ ๋“ค, ์˜…์€ ์ ๋“ค์€
12:32
those are the people in the study in PNAS
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PNAS ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ ,
12:34
that you wanted to be on. And the red ones are the ones,
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์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ž˜์ชฝ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ
12:36
the pink ones on the bottom are the ones you didn't want to be.
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๋นจ๊ฐ„์ ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ถ„ํ™ ์ ๋“ค์€ ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ง€์ ์ด์ฃ .
12:38
And the ones in the middle are all of our patients
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ๋“ค์€ ์‹œ์ž‘์ ์˜
12:41
from the start of lithium at time zero,
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๋ฆฌํˆผ ํˆฌ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€
12:43
going forward, and then going backward.
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๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๋˜๋Œ์•„ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
So, you can see we matched them perfectly, perfectly.
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์ •๋ง ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:50
Terrifyingly accurate matching.
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๋ฌด์„œ์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ผ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:52
And going forward, you actually don't want to be a lithium patient this time.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋ฉด, ์ด ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ฆฌํŠฌ ํ™˜์ž์ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
You're actually doing slightly worse -- not significantly,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์‚ด์ง ๋” ์•…ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
12:58
but slightly worse. You don't want to be a lithium patient this time.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋‚˜๋น ์ง€๋ฉด, ์ด ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ฆฌํŠฌ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:01
But you know, a lot of people dropped out,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋น ์ ธ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
the trial, there is too much drop out.
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์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋น ์ ธ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
Can we do the even harder thing? Can we go to the patients
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฆฌํŠฌ ๋ณต์šฉ์„
13:08
that actually decided to stay on lithium,
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๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:12
because they were so convinced they were getting better?
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๊ทธ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜์•„์งˆ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ํ™•์‹ ์— ์ฐจ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
We asked our control algorithm,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์ฃ ,
13:16
are those 69 patients -- by the way, you'll notice
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๊ทธ 60๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค, ๋ง ๋ถ™์ด๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€
13:18
that's four times the number of patients in the clinical trial --
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์ž„์ƒ ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ํ™˜์ž ์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋„ค๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
can we look at those patients and say,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋งํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ 
13:24
"Can we match them with our time machine
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํƒ€์ž„๋จธ์‹ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ
13:27
to the other patients that are just like them,
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์ƒํ™ฉ์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:29
and what happens?"
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ๊นŒ์š”?"
13:31
Even the ones that believed they were getting better
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ž๊ธฐ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ธ์ „๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„
13:34
matched the controls exactly. Exactly.
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๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์™„๋ฒฝํžˆ ์ผ์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ์š”.
13:37
Those little lines? That's the power.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ € ์ž‘์€ ์„ ๋“ค์ด์š”? ์ €๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
So, we -- I can't tell you lithium doesn't work. I can't tell you
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ฆฌํŠฌ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
that if you did it at a higher dose
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ณต์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ
13:43
or if you run the study proper -- I can tell you
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์‹คํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ์ง€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
that for those 69 people that took lithium,
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๋ฆฌํŠฌ์„ ๋ณต์šฉํ•œ 69๋ช…์ค‘ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฆ์ƒ์˜
13:49
they didn't do any better than the people that were just like them,
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ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ์ €์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ 
13:51
just like me,
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๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
and that we had the power to detect that at about
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋„์˜
13:56
a quarter of the strengths reported in the initial study.
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1/4๋งŒํผ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
We did that one year ahead of the time
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏธ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๋ณด๊ฑด์›(NIH)๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜
14:02
when the first clinical trial funded by the NIH
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์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์‹ค์‹œํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž„์ƒ ์‹คํ—˜์ด
14:04
for millions of dollars failed for futility last week,
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์‹คํŒจํ•œ ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ผ ๋…„ ์•ž์„œ์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ ,
14:07
and announced it.
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๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
So, remember I told you about my brother's stem cell transplant.
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์ œ ๋™์ƒ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์ด์‹ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•œ๊ฑฐ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ์ฃ ?
14:13
I never really knew whether it worked.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:16
And I put 100 million cells in his cisterna magna,
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์ €๋Š” 1์–ต๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋Œ€์กฐ์™€ (๋Œ€์กฐ : ์†Œ๋‡Œ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ ๋‡Œ์‹ค๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‡Œ์กฐ๋กœ ๋‡Œ์ฒ™์ˆ˜์•ก์ด ๋น ์ ธ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„)
14:19
in his lumbar cord,
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์š”์ถ”์— ๋„ฃ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
14:21
and filled out the IRBs and did all this work,
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์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์œ„์›ํšŒ ์–‘์‹์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:23
and I never really knew.
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๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋‚˜๋Š” ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
14:26
How did I not know?
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์–ด์งธ์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋ชฐ๋ž์ฃ ?
14:28
I mean, I didn't know what was going to happen to him.
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์ œ ๋ง์€, ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ž๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:30
I actually asked Tim, who is the quant in our group --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๋ถ„์„๊ฐ€์ธ ํŒ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ดค์ฃ .
14:33
we actually searched for about a year to find someone
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ํ†ต๊ณ„์™€ ๋ชจํ˜•ํ™”๋ฅผ
14:36
who could do the sort of math and statistics and modeling
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ฐพ์•˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:38
in healthcare, couldn't find anybody. So, we went to the finance industry.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธˆ์œต์‚ฐ์—…์— ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:41
And there are these guys who used to model the future
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ด์ž์œจ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ชจํ˜•ํ™”ํ–ˆ๋˜
14:43
of interest rates, and all that kind of stuff.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:45
And some of them were available. So, we hired one.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋ช‡๋ช‡์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‚˜์„œ, ํ•œ ๋ช…์„ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
14:48
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:51
We hired them, set them up, assisting at lab.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ ,
14:53
I I.M. him things. That's the way I communicate with him,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ์™€ ์ฑ„ํŒ…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์™€ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:55
is like a little guy in a box. I I.M.ed Tim. I said,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ƒ์ž์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ํŒ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ฑ„ํŒ…์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์„ ๊ฑธ์–ด์„œ
14:57
"Tim can you tell me whether my brother's stem cell transplant
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ํŒ€,๋‚˜ํ•œํ…Œ ๋‚ด ๋™์ƒ์˜ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์ด์‹ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€
14:59
worked or not?"
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ํ™•์ธํ•ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?"
15:02
And he sent me this two days ago.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ดํ‹€ ์ „์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:05
It was that little outliers there. You see that guy that lived a long time?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€๋กœ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋žฌ๋™์•ˆ ์ƒ์กดํ•œ ์ € ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์„ธ์š”?
15:08
We have to go talk to him. Because I'd like to know what happened.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ์™€ ๋งํ•ด๋ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ผ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ ์‹ถ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:10
Because something went different.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ž๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
15:12
But my brother didn't. My brother went straight down the line.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ๋™์ƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ฃ . ์ œ ๋™์ƒ์€ ์„ ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ”์ฃ .
15:15
It only works about 12 months.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•œ 12๊ฐœ์›”๋งŒ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:17
It's the first version of the time machine.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํƒ€์ž„๋จธ์‹ ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒ„์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:19
First time we ever tried it. We'll try to get it better later
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฒซ ์‹œ๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฐจํ›„์— ๋” ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œํ‚ฌ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:21
but 12 months so far.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ 12๊ฐœ์›”์ด์ฃ .
15:24
And, you know, I look at this,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
15:28
and I get really emotional.
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์ €๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์ •์ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:30
You look at the patients, you can drill in all the controls,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์„ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:32
you can look at them, you can ask them.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:34
And I found a woman that had --
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์ €๋Š” ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:37
we found her, she was odd because she had data
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๊ทธ๋…€ ์‚ฌ๋ง ํ›„์—๋„ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
15:39
after she died.
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์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:41
And her husband had come in and entered her last functional scores,
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๊ทธ๋…€ ๋‚จํŽธ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์™€์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์‹ ์ฒด๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:44
because he knew how much she cared.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ผ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
And I am thankful.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ง™๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:50
I can't believe that these people,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ œ ๋™์ƒ์ด
15:52
years after my brother had died,
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์ฃฝ์€์ง€ ๋ช‡๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„์— ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ 
15:54
helped me answer the question about whether
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์ˆ˜๋…„ ์ „์— ์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์“ด ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ด
15:56
an operation I did, and spent millions of dollars on
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ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—†์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—
15:59
years ago, worked or not.
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๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์คฌ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:01
I wished it had been there
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
16:03
when I'd done it the first time,
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์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:05
and I'm really excited that it's here now,
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํฅ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:07
because the lab that I founded
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”
16:12
has some data on a drug that might work,
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์•ฝํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:14
and I'd like to show it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:18
I'd like to show it in real time, now,
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:20
and I want to do that for all of the diseases that we can do that for.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:25
I've got to thank the 45,000 people
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜
16:28
that are doing this social experiment with us.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 45,000๋ช…์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ง™๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:31
There is an amazing journey we are going on
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ, ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ,
16:34
to become human again,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
16:36
to be part of community again,
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์ทจ์•ฝํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
16:39
to share of ourselves, to be vulnerable,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์—ฌ์ •์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:41
and it's very exciting. So, thank you.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:44
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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