The problem of light pollution -- and 5 ridiculously easy ways to fix it | Kelsey Johnson

90,901 views

2020-01-06 ใƒป TED


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The problem of light pollution -- and 5 ridiculously easy ways to fix it | Kelsey Johnson

90,901 views ใƒป 2020-01-06

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Ivana Korom Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: hila scherba ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Shir Ben Asher Kestin
00:13
Unless you've spent quality time on the International Space Station,
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ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื ื–ืžืŸ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช,
00:17
this is probably not a view you are super familiar with.
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ื–ื”ื• ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ืžืจืื” ืฉืืชื ืžืื•ื“ ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื.
00:20
This is the east coast of the United States.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
00:23
That's New York down there in the lower right,
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ื–ื• ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืฉื, ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื”,
00:26
and it's a band of light all the way up through Washington DC.
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ื•ื–ื• ืจืฆื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ ืฉื ืžืฉื›ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืขื“ ืœื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื”.
00:30
Those cities are shining like jewels,
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ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื ื•ืฆืฆื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื,
00:32
highways are traced by webs of light.
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ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืฉืช ืื•ืจื•ืช.
00:36
And all of that light is super photogenic.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืžืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืฆื™ืœื•ื.
00:39
But there's a problem.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื”.
00:41
That light is meant to be illuminating our sidewalks,
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ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช,
00:45
and our streets and our houses.
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ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
00:48
Instead, it's actually going up into the sky
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื”, ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขื•ืœื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ืฉืžื™ื™ื,
00:50
and out into the universe,
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ื•ื”ืœืื” ืืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื,
00:52
where it's not doing any of us any good.
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ืื™ืคื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืชื•ืจื ืœืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื•.
00:55
When I see photos of this, of the Earth,
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื”, ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
00:59
I see environmental catastrophe.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืงื˜ืกื˜ืจื•ืคื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช.
01:02
Those aren't jewels,
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ืืœื• ืœื ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื,
01:04
those are tumors.
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ืืœื• ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื.
01:07
I'm an astronomer,
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ืื ื™ ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช,
01:09
so it's really no surprise probably to anyone
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ืื– ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื ื™ืคืชื™ืข ืืฃ ืื—ื“
01:11
that I've always loved the night sky.
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ืฉืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืืช ืฉืžื™ ื”ืœื™ืœื”.
01:14
I'm kind of a walking clichรฉ.
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ืื ื™ ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ืฉืื” ืžื”ืœื›ืช.
01:18
But when I was growing up in Minnesota,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ื ืกื•ื˜ื”,
01:21
one of my favorite things to do on a summer evening
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืงื™ืฆื™
01:24
was grab my old Raggedy Ann sleeping bag
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ื”ื™ื” ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ืฉืง ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™
01:27
and take it out into a field behind my house,
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ื•ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœืื™ื–ื” ืฉื“ื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื™,
01:29
where I would spend hours looking at the night sky.
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ืื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื‘ืœื” ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืฉืžื™ ื”ืœื™ืœื”.
01:32
And to do this, I had to brave not only the darkness,
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ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื›ื”,
01:36
but also swarms of mosquitoes,
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ืืœื ื’ื ืขืœ ื ื—ื™ืœื™ ื™ืชื•ืฉื™ื,
01:38
and my sleeping bag really didn't smell very good.
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ื•ืฉืง ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื”ืจื™ื— ื˜ื•ื‘.
01:41
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:44
But there was one particular star
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืื—ื“ ืžืกื•ื™ื
01:47
that I would look for, night after night.
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ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื—ืคืฉืช, ื›ืœ ืœื™ืœื”.
01:49
And then I would play this game
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ื•ืื– ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืฉื—ืงืช ืžืฉื—ืง
01:51
where I would try to focus on that star so intensely,
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ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืชืจื›ื–ืช ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื–ื”,
01:55
that everything else would fade from my view
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ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืื” ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ
01:57
and that single star would be all that I could see.
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ื•ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช.
02:00
I could only ever hold on to that focus
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ืื ื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื”ื–ื”
02:03
for a few fleeting moments.
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ืœืžืกืคืจ ืจื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื.
02:05
But when I did,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™,
02:06
I felt this deep sense of connection to the universe.
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ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื–ืง ืœื™ืงื•ื.
02:10
And almost a sense of vertigo,
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ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื•ืจื˜ื™ื’ื•,
02:14
like I was going to fall into space.
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืœื—ืœืœ.
02:18
And when this happened --
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ื•ื›ืฉื–ื” ืงืจื” --
02:20
I know this sounds kind of ridiculous,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื“ื™ ืžื’ื•ื—ืš,
02:22
but I would simultaneously feel unfathomably insignificant
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ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช ื—ืกืจืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืชืคืก
02:28
and also kind of weirdly important.
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ื•ื’ื ืงืฆืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื–ืจ.
02:31
That star I looked to night after night was called Vega.
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ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืกืชื›ืœืช ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื™ืœื” ื ืงืจื ื•ื’ื”.
02:35
Vega is the brightest star in the constellation Lyra,
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ื•ื’ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืจื”,
02:39
which is not coincidentally the name of one of my dogs.
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ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืžืงืจื™, ื”ืฉื ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื™.
02:42
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:44
But this experience is being lost.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื ืขืœืžืช.
02:47
My favorite constellation, Lyra,
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื™, ืœื™ื™ืจื”,
02:49
this is what it would look like from Manhattan.
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ื›ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืชื™ืจืื” ืžืžื ื”ื˜ืŸ.
02:52
For people who live in urban and suburban environments,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืคืจื‘ืจื™ืช,
02:54
if they go outside at night and look up,
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ืื ื”ื ื™ื™ืฆืื• ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื™ืกืชื›ืœื• ืœืžืขืœื”,
02:57
instead of being awestruck by the majesty of the universe,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื™ ืชื“ื”ืžื” ืžื•ืœ ื”ืงืกื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื,
03:02
they see pretty much nothing.
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ื”ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืœื•ื.
03:05
These unremarkable, completely blank night skies,
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ืฉืžื™ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืงื ื•ืชื,
03:10
of course are due to all of the light we produce at night.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”.
03:14
Those very same lights we see all the way from space
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ืื•ืชื ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืžื”ื—ืœืœ
03:16
are shining up into the atmosphere,
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ื–ื•ื”ืจื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืืœ ื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื”,
03:18
where they bounce around and create this featureless smog of light.
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ืื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื ืžืงืคืฆื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขืจืคื™ืœื™ืช ืœื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ.
03:23
And that featureless smog of light has a name.
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ื•ืœืขืจืคื™ืœื™ืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ื”ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ืฉื.
03:26
It's called light pollution.
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ื”ื™ื ื ืงืจืืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ืจ.
03:28
As an astronomer,
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ื›ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช,
03:29
I can actually tell how bad light pollution is
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื›ืžื” ื—ืžื•ืจ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ืจ
03:32
by the brightness of stars I can see in the sky.
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ืขืœ ืคื™ ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืฉืžื™ื™ื.
03:35
And it turns out
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ื•ืžืชื‘ืจืจ
03:36
that when you're trying to unlock the secrets of the cosmos,
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ืฉื›ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ืงื•ื,
03:39
it's really helpful to be able to see the cosmos.
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ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืขื•ื–ืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืงื•ื.
03:43
And --
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ื•...
03:44
[Laughs]
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
03:45
Truth.
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ืืžืช.
03:48
And this light that we're trying to detect
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ื•ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช
03:50
is coming from millions or billions of light-years away,
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ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืžืจื—ืง ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื• ืžื™ืœืืจื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ืช ืื•ืจ,
03:54
and so it's generally pretty faint.
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ืื– ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืžืจื•ื—ืง.
03:58
And as an astronomer,
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ื•ื›ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช,
03:59
I fight with this every day to do my job,
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ืื ื™ ื ืœื—ืžืช ื‘ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™,
04:02
and I have to tell you, it is a really big problem.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื, ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช.
04:08
But the problem is far worse
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ืจื•ืขื”
04:12
than just losing some whimsical ability to gaze at the stars.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืจืง ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื’ื—ืžืชื™ืช ืœื‘ื”ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื.
04:17
For example,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื,
04:18
countless plant and animal species are affected.
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ืžื™ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื.
04:21
So we could talk about sea turtles
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ื
04:24
or pollinators
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ืื• ืžืื‘ื™ืงื™ื
04:27
or any of these super important species
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ืื• ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื•
04:30
that are also cute.
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ืฉื”ื ื’ื ื—ืžื•ื“ื™ื.
04:32
Instead, I want to talk
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื”, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ
04:33
about these quietly unassuming dog whelks.
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ืขืœ ืฉื‘ืœื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
04:37
You may have seen them around
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ืื•ืœื™ ืจืื™ืชื ืื•ืชื
04:38
and not given them really a whole lot of thought.
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ื•ืœื ื”ืงื“ืฉืชื ืœื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”.
04:41
But they're pretty cool.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื“ื™ ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ื™ื.
04:42
So in an entire year
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ืื– ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืœืžื”
04:44
a dog whelk will rarely move more than about 10 meters.
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ืฉื‘ืœื•ืœ ื›ื–ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื ื™ื–ื•ื– ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœ-10 ืžื˜ืจื™ื.
04:48
That means that when they are attacking their prey
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืฉื”ื ืชื•ืงืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืจืฃ ืฉืœื”ื
04:52
they can hit this brisk pace of about a millimeter an hour.
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืงืฆื‘ ืžื”ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื›ืžื™ืœื™ืžื˜ืจ ืœืฉืขื”.
04:56
And --
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ื• --
04:58
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:01
This works out OK,
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ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื“ื™ ื‘ืกื“ืจ,
05:02
because they attack things like barnacles.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื•ืงืคื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ ื™ื.
05:05
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:10
So these dog whelks live in the intertidal area of coasts,
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ืื– ืฉื‘ืœื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ื—ื•ืคื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ืช ืœืฉืคืœ,
05:14
where, it turns out,
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืžืกืชื‘ืจ,
05:16
they're a pretty key part of the ecosystem.
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ื”ื ื—ืœืง ื“ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช.
05:18
Not only are they one of the most dominant invertebrate predators,
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื ืžื˜ื•ืจืคื™ ื—ืกืจื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ื,
05:23
but other animals, like crabs and birds, think they're pretty tasty.
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ืืœื ืฉื—ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื ื•ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื™ืžื™ื.
05:28
So that leaves these poor snails in a kind of precarious situation,
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืœื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืกื›ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื“ื™ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ,
05:31
because if they go too low in the water,
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื ืžื•ืš ืžื“ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื,
05:34
then crabs are a threat,
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ืื– ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืื™ื•ื,
05:35
but if they come out of the water too far,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื ื™ื™ืฆืื• ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื“ื™ ืžื”ืžื™ื,
05:38
birds are going to have a feast.
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ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืืจื•ื—ื” ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช.
05:41
Why is an astronomer telling you about dog whelks?
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ืœืžื” ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืžืกืคืจืช ืœื›ื ืขืœ ืฉื‘ืœื•ืœื™ ื™ื?
05:45
I ask that myself.
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ืื ื™ ื’ื ืฉื•ืืœืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื™.
05:47
Because their behavior is impacted by light pollution.
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืžื•ืฉืคืขืช ืžื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ืจ.
05:51
For example,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื,
05:52
if dog whelks are subjected to artificial light at night
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ืื ืฉื‘ืœื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื ืœืื•ืจ ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”
05:55
they're about twice as likely to stay under the water with a predator.
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ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉืœื”ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื™ื ืขื ื˜ื•ืจืฃ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื.
05:59
And that puts them at increased risk.
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ื•ื–ื” ืฉื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ.
06:01
And it's not like they can make a speedy escape.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืจื™ื—ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื”.
06:04
And so these --
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ืื– ื”ื --
06:05
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:07
And the other issue is because they literally move
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ื•ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื–ื–ื™ื, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™,
06:09
at a snail's pace.
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ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืœื–ื•ืŸ.
06:11
If a population is wiped out,
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ืื ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื ืžื—ืงืช,
06:14
it can take decades to replenish.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื”.
06:17
And that, in turn, affects the rest of their ecosystem
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ื•ื–ื”, ื‘ืชื•ืจื•, ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื™ืชืจ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช
06:19
and the other species, like the birds and the barnacles and the crabs.
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ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ ื”ื™ื ื•ื”ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื.
06:23
So this is just one small and slimy example
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ืื– ื–ื• ืจืง ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื—ืœืงืœืงื”
06:27
of how light pollution can unleash a cascade effect
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ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ืฉืจืฉืจืช
06:30
on an entire ecosystem.
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ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœืžื”.
06:32
Virtually every species that has been studied to date
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ืœ ืžื™ืŸ ืฉื ื—ืงืจ ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื
06:37
is impacted by light pollution.
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ืžื•ืฉืคืข ืžื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ืจ.
06:39
And that includes humans.
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
06:40
So let's talk about us.
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ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื ื•.
06:42
You are probably not surprised to hear
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ืืชื ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื ืชื•ืคืชืขื• ืœืฉืžื•ืข
06:45
that light pollution can affect your ability to sleep well at night.
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ืฉื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”.
06:48
But you might be surprised to hear that light pollution is linked to obesity.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ืื•ืœื™ ืชื•ืคืชืขื• ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืฉื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ืจ ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืžื ืช ื™ืชืจ.
06:54
In fact, in a recent study
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”
06:55
they found that light pollution contributed to over 70 percent
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ื”ื ืžืฆืื• ืฉื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ืจ ืชืจื ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-70 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื
06:58
of the obesity rates in 80 countries.
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ืžืงืฆื‘ ื”ืฉืžื ืช ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘-80 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
07:02
More than that,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”,
07:03
light pollution actually contributed about the same amount to excess weight
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ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ืจ ืชืจื ืœืžืฉืงืœ ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื”
07:07
as eating junk food.
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ื›ืžื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื ื‘ืจื™ื.
07:10
And it gets worse.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื’ืจื•ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:12
For people who are subjected
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื
07:14
to significant amounts of artificial light at night
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ืœื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”
07:17
they're about 50 percent more likely to get breast cancer.
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ื™ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื›-50 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืœืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืฉื“.
07:21
And in fact, light pollution is correlated with types of cancer
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ืจ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืงื•ืจืœืฆื™ื” ืขื ืกื•ื’ื™ ืกืจื˜ืŸ
07:24
across the board.
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ืžื›ืœ ืกื•ื’.
07:25
And in controlled lab experiments
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ื•ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืžืคื•ืงื—ืช
07:27
there's a direct link between increased artificial light at night
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ื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืจ ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”
07:31
and a rate of tumor growth.
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ื•ืงืฆื‘ ื’ื“ื™ืœืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ.
07:34
You might be wondering how normal light
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ืืชื ื‘ื˜ื— ืชื•ื”ื™ื ืื™ืš ืื•ืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ
07:37
could possibly impact cancer rates.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืื™ื–ืฉื”ื• ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ.
07:40
It likely all comes down to the super important hormone
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ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืžืกืชื›ื ื‘ื”ื•ืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘
07:43
called melatonin,
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ืฉื ืงืจื ืžืœื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ,
07:45
which we have evolved over millions of years
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ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืื‘ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื
07:47
to produce on a day-night cycle, or a circadian rhythm.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื™ืœื”, ืื• ืงืฆื‘ ืฆื™ืจืงืื“ื™.
07:51
What happens is that when light impacts
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ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื–ื” ืฉื›ืฉืื•ืจ ืคื•ื’ืข
07:54
the retina at the back of our eye at night
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ื‘ืจืฉืชื™ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืŸ, ื‘ืœื™ืœื”
07:56
it can disrupt melatonin production,
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžืœื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ,
07:59
and when melatonin production is disrupted,
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ื•ื›ืฉื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืœื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ ื ืคื’ืข,
08:01
a whole chain of other chemical processes are affected,
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ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ืฉืคืขืช,
08:04
and that includes estrogen production.
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ืŸ.
08:06
And when we throw this chemical balance out of whack,
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืืช ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ ื”ื–ื” ืžืื™ื–ื•ืŸ,
08:09
really bad things can happen.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืขื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืจื•ืช.
08:11
In fact, things are so bad,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื,
08:12
that the International Agency for Cancer Research
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ืฉื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ
08:15
has said that disrupting the human circadian rhythm
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ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉื”ืคืจืขื” ืœืงืฆื‘ ื”ืฆื™ืจืงื“ื™ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™
08:18
is a probable carcinogen.
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ื”ื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืงืจืฆื™ื ื•ื’ืŸ.
08:22
Also, for fun, I want to let you know
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื›ื™ืฃ, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื™ื™ื“ืข ืืชื›ื
08:24
that light pollution has been linked to,
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ืฉื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ืจ ืงื•ืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื,
08:26
let's see -- headaches, anxiety, depression, diabetes,
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืจืื” -- ื›ืื‘ื™ ืจืืฉ, ื—ืจื“ื”, ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ, ืกื›ืจืช,
08:29
cardiovascular disease and the list goes on.
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ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ ื•ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื ืžืฉื›ืช.
08:31
But maybe you don't care about your health.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืื›ืคืช ืœื›ื ืžื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
08:33
We're all going to die anyway,
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”,
08:35
you might as well die in a brightly lit room.
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืชืžื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืžื•ืืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.
08:37
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:40
The fact that you're laughing about death is kind of amazing.
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืืชื ืฆื•ื—ืงื™ื ืขืœ ืžื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”.
08:43
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:45
You might still care about money.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื›ืคืช ืœื›ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืกืฃ.
08:48
The money that's spent on that wasted light,
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ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื–ื‘ื–,
08:50
and I mean just the light that's going out into the universe,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœืื•ืจ ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื™ืงื•ื,
08:53
and not doing us any good,
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ื•ืœื ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื ื• ื‘ืฉื•ื ืฆื•ืจื”,
08:54
is three billion dollars a year.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื”.
08:56
That's enough money to build, like,
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ื–ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ืกืฃ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช, ืœืžืฉืœ,
08:58
1,000 utility-grade windmills,
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1,000 ื˜ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื•ื— ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
09:01
or fund the entire DC public-school system for over two years,
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ืื• ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืœืฉื ืชื™ื™ื,
09:05
or -- this is my favorite, because I really want one
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ืื•, ื•ื–ื” ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืฃ ืขืœื™ื™, ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืจื•ืฆื” ืื—ืช
09:07
but I can't afford one --
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื™ --
09:09
buy 30,000 Tesla Model X SUVs.
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ืœืงื ื•ืช 30,000 ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืกืœื” ืžื“ื’ื X SUV.
09:12
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:14
And that includes the electric car tax credit.
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ืžืก ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™.
09:18
And then there are the existential costs.
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช.
09:22
I don't have any data
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื
09:24
on how losing touch with our place in the cosmos
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื™ืš ื”ื ื™ืชื•ืง ืžื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ื
09:27
impacts us.
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ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื ื•.
09:29
But I believe
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื”
09:32
that this probably impacts our humanity
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ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
09:34
more than any of the other scary statistics I can share with you.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืชืฃ ืขืžื›ื.
09:38
And it's getting worse with time.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื”ื™ื” ื’ืจื•ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
09:39
The amount of light pollution is doubling roughly every 35 years.
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ื›ืžื•ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ืจ ืžื›ืคื™ืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื›ืœ 35 ืฉื ื”.
09:45
That means that within the next decade
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘
09:48
virtually the entire eastern half of the United States
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
09:52
will be perpetually brighter than twilight.
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืฉืžื™ ื”ื“ืžื“ื•ืžื™ื.
09:56
And there's another issue with light pollution.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ืจ.
09:59
The problem is way worse than we can see with our own eyes.
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ืจื•ืขื” ืžื–ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืžื• ืขื™ื ื™ื ื•.
10:02
Our eyes have evolved to just detect this tiny range
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ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืจืง ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืื•ื“
10:05
of the full spectrum of light.
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ืžืžื ืขื“ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืœื.
10:07
All of this other light that we can't see,
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ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื,
10:09
this invisible light,
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ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื”,
10:11
also has a pollution problem.
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ื’ื ืœื• ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื.
10:13
Mostly it's from modern technology,
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ืœืจื•ื‘ ื–ื” ืžื˜ื›ื•ื ื•ืœื’ื™ื” ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช,
10:15
things like cell phones or car-to-car radar,
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ืื• ืจื“ืืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
10:17
or now apparently we need appliances that can talk to each other.
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ืื• ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™.
10:21
All of this modern technology is putting out strong signals
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ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืื•ืชื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื™ื
10:24
that can completely swamp
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืฃ
10:27
this exceedingly faint light we're trying to detect
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ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื ื—ืœืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช
10:30
from the rest of the universe outside Earth,
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ืžืฉืืจ ื”ื™ืงื•ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
10:32
which just for the record, is most of the universe.
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ืฉืจืง ืœืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ, ื–ื” ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืงื•ื.
10:36
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:42
And then, there are satellites.
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ื•ืื–, ื™ืฉ ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื.
10:44
Satellites are a problem at both visible and invisible wavelengths.
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ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ื’ื ื‘ืื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื’ืœ ื”ื ืจืื™ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื™ื.
10:48
A host of private companies have plans to deploy tens of thousands of satellites
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ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื
10:52
into Earth orbit,
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ืœื”ืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
10:54
where they will not only outnumber,
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
10:56
literally outnumber the visible stars in the sky,
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ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืจืื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ื™ื,
11:00
while also beaming invisible light back to Earth.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ื™ืฉื—ืจืจื• ืื•ืจ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื” ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
11:04
So for astronomers like me,
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ืื– ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื™,
11:06
who use invisible light to study the universe,
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ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืจ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื” ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืงื•ื,
11:08
it's going to be like staring at the Sun
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ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžืฉ
11:11
and trying to see a birthday candle behind it.
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ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืจืื•ืช ื ืจ ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื”.
11:15
Alright, I want to be clear
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื”
11:17
that there's nothing inherently wrong with any of this modern technology.
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืืฃ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช.
11:22
With cell phones or satellites or car radar.
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ืขื ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ืื• ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื• ืจื“ืืจ ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช.
11:25
I'm not sure about kitchen appliances.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœืžื˜ื‘ื—.
11:27
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:29
I haven't broken down
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื ืฉื‘ืจืชื™
11:30
and gotten an oven that talks to my cell phone yet.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืงื ื™ืชื™ ืชื ื•ืจ ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™.
11:32
And I use lights at night like everybody else.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ืื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ.
11:37
But here's the thing.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื” ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
11:39
Some problems in the world,
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื•ืช,
11:41
like we've heard about today and you'll hear more about,
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ื›ืžื• ืืœื• ืฉืฉืžืขื ื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืชืฉืžืขื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืขื•ื“,
11:44
are overwhelming and they seem intractable.
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ื”ืŸ ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื ืจืื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคืชื™ืจื•ืช.
11:47
Visible light pollution is not one of these problems.
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ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื ืจืื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
11:51
This is actually stupidly simple, OK?
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ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจื’ื™ืœื”, ื‘ืกื“ืจ?
11:54
So here are five super simple things you can do.
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืกื•ืคืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
11:58
Don't use lights brighter than you need to.
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ืืœ ืชืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื.
12:01
Don't use lights when you don't need them.
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ืืœ ืชืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืื•ืจื•ืช ื›ืฉืืชื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื.
12:04
Those lights you're using,
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ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืฉืืชื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื,
12:05
make sure they're shielded down,
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ืชื•ื•ื“ืื• ืฉื”ื ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื˜ื”,
12:06
so they're not shining up into the sky.
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ื•ืœื ื‘ื•ื”ืงื™ื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื.
12:09
And let's talk about LED lights.
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ื•ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื•ืจื•ืช LED.
12:11
If you have a choice, don't buy the blue ones.
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื‘ืจื™ืจื”, ืืœ ืชืงื ื• ืืช ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
12:15
Look for words like "warm white."
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ืชื—ืคืฉื• ืžื™ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืดืœื‘ืŸ ื—ื.ืด
12:18
If you buy LEDs with words like "natural light" or "daylight,"
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ืื ืืชื ืงื•ื ื™ื ืื•ืจื•ืช LED ืขื ืžื™ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืดืื•ืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืด ืื• ืดืื•ืจ ื™ื•ืืด,
12:22
that's like saying you hate space.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉืืชื ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ.
12:24
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:30
And finally,
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ,
12:33
you could advocate for this.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื–ื”.
12:35
Even in your local community,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื,
12:36
find out if there's a lighting code
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ืชื‘ื“ืงื• ืื ื™ืฉ ืงื•ื“ ืชืื•ืจื”
12:38
and whether it could be made more night-sky friendly.
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ื•ืื ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ ืœืฉืžื™ ื”ืœื™ืœื”.
12:41
Or dare I say, you could even advocate at the federal level,
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ืื• ืื ืื ื™ ืืขื– ืœื”ื’ื™ื“, ืืชื ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช,
12:44
by politely asking our federal officials,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืงืฉื” ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืก ืžื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช,
12:47
some of whom may be here,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื—ืœืงื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืคื”,
12:48
to please not auction off our view of the invisible universe
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ืฉื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืจืื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื”
12:53
to the highest bidder to pollute at will,
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ืœืžืฆื™ืข ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ืขื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
12:55
which is actually what happens.
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ืฉื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื”.
12:57
Now, like a good professor,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืžื• ืžืจืฆื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”,
13:00
I have homework for you.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื.
13:02
If you have never seen a truly dark night sky,
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ืื ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืจืื™ืชื ืฉืžื™ ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื›ื™ื,
13:07
I want you to go out and experience one for yourself.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืฆืื• ื•ืชื—ื•ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื.
13:11
Because if you don't,
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ื›ื™ ืื ืœื ืชืขืฉื• ืืช ื–ื”,
13:13
you don't know what you're missing,
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ืืชื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืืชื ืžืคืกืคืกื™ื,
13:16
and you don't know what humanity is losing.
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ื•ืืชื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืžืคืกื™ื“ื”.
13:19
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
13:21
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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