The problem of light pollution -- and 5 ridiculously easy ways to fix it | Kelsey Johnson

91,239 views

2020-01-06 ใƒป TED


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The problem of light pollution -- and 5 ridiculously easy ways to fix it | Kelsey Johnson

91,239 views ใƒป 2020-01-06

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Ivana Korom Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Somyeong Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Sojeong KIM
๊ตญ์ œ์šฐ์ฃผ์ •๊ฑฐ์žฅ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ด์ƒ,
00:13
Unless you've spent quality time on the International Space Station,
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00:17
this is probably not a view you are super familiar with.
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์•„๋งˆ ์ด ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์ด ์ต์ˆ™์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
This is the east coast of the United States.
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋™ํ•ด์•ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
That's New York down there in the lower right,
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ์•„๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋‰ด์š•์ด๊ณ ,
00:26
and it's a band of light all the way up through Washington DC.
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์ด ์„ ์€ ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด DC๋ฅผ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋“ฑ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
Those cities are shining like jewels,
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๋„์‹œ๋Š” ๋ณด์„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฐ˜์ง๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ,
00:32
highways are traced by webs of light.
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๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ๋Š” ๋น›๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ์ค„ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
And all of that light is super photogenic.
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์ด ๋ถˆ๋น›๋“ค์€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›Œ์š”.
00:39
But there's a problem.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
That light is meant to be illuminating our sidewalks,
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์ „๋“ฑ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง‘์ด๋‚˜ ๋„๋ณด,
00:45
and our streets and our houses.
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
Instead, it's actually going up into the sky
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋น›์€ ํ•˜๋Š˜ ๋†’์ด,
00:50
and out into the universe,
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์šฐ์ฃผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€
00:52
where it's not doing any of us any good.
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์“ธ๋ชจ์—†์ด ๋‚ญ๋น„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
When I see photos of this, of the Earth,
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์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ
00:59
I see environmental catastrophe.
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์ €๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์žฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
Those aren't jewels,
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๋ฐ˜์ง์ด๋Š” ์ € ๋น›๋“ค์€ ๋ณด์„์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
01:04
those are tumors.
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์ข…์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
I'm an astronomer,
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์ €๋Š” ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž์ด๊ณ ,
01:09
so it's really no surprise probably to anyone
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
01:11
that I've always loved the night sky.
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๋ฐคํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
I'm kind of a walking clichรฉ.
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์ „ํ˜•์ ์ด๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:18
But when I was growing up in Minnesota,
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์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ ๋ฏธ๋„ค์†Œํƒ€์—์„œ ์ž๋ผ๋‚  ๋•Œ๋„,
01:21
one of my favorite things to do on a summer evening
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์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ฒ  ๋ฐค์ด๋ฉด
01:24
was grab my old Raggedy Ann sleeping bag
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ํ•ด์ง„ ์นจ๋‚ญ์„ ๋“ค๊ณ  ์™€
01:27
and take it out into a field behind my house,
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์ง‘ ๋’คํŽธ์˜ ๋ฐญ์— ๊น”์•„๋†“๊ณ ๋Š”
01:29
where I would spend hours looking at the night sky.
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๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๊ณ  ๋ฐคํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ ๋Š” ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
And to do this, I had to brave not only the darkness,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋‘ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:36
but also swarms of mosquitoes,
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋–ผ๋„ ๊ฒฌ๋ŽŒ๋‚ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
01:38
and my sleeping bag really didn't smell very good.
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์นจ๋‚ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋„ ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:44
But there was one particular star
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์ €๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ๋ฐค,
01:47
that I would look for, night after night.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ณ„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„ ํ—ค๋งธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
And then I would play this game
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ณ„์— ๋ณด๋Š”๋ฐ ์˜จ ์ •์‹ ์„ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์—ฌ
01:51
where I would try to focus on that star so intensely,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ์‹œ์•ผ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ 
01:55
that everything else would fade from my view
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๊ทธ ๋ณ„๋งŒ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š”
01:57
and that single star would be all that I could see.
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๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
I could only ever hold on to that focus
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๊ทธ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ ฅ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์งง์€ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ๋งŒ
02:03
for a few fleeting moments.
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์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
But when I did,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋งŒ์€,
02:06
I felt this deep sense of connection to the universe.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊นŠ์ด ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
And almost a sense of vertigo,
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๋งˆ์น˜ ํ˜„๊ธฐ์ฆ์ด ๋‚˜๋“ฏ,
02:14
like I was going to fall into space.
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์šฐ์ฃผ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋น ์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ฆด ๋“ฏํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
And when this happened --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๋•Œ๋ฉด,
02:20
I know this sounds kind of ridiculous,
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์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
02:22
but I would simultaneously feel unfathomably insignificant
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์ž์‹ ์ด ํ•œ ์—†์ด ์ž‘๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฐฎ์€ ๋™์‹œ์—
02:28
and also kind of weirdly important.
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๋ฌ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์กด์žฌ๋กœ ๋Š๊ปด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
That star I looked to night after night was called Vega.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐค๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ฐพ๋˜ ๋ณ„์€ ๋ฒ ๊ฐ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
Vega is the brightest star in the constellation Lyra,
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๋ฒ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฌธ๊ณ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฐ์€ ๋ณ„์ด๊ณ ,
02:39
which is not coincidentally the name of one of my dogs.
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์šฐ์—ฐ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ์• ์™„๊ฒฌ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:42
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:44
But this experience is being lost.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
My favorite constellation, Lyra,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ„์ž๋ฆฌ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ฌธ๊ณ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋Š”,
02:49
this is what it would look like from Manhattan.
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๋งจํ•ดํŠผ์—์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
For people who live in urban and suburban environments,
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๋„์‹œ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€,
02:54
if they go outside at night and look up,
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๋ฐค์— ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์œ„๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด
02:57
instead of being awestruck by the majesty of the universe,
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์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์žฅ์—„ํ•จ์€ ์ปค๋…•
03:02
they see pretty much nothing.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
These unremarkable, completely blank night skies,
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์ด๋‹ค์ง€๋„ ํŠน์ƒ‰ ์—†๋Š” ํ…… ๋นˆ ๋ฐคํ•˜๋Š˜์€
03:10
of course are due to all of the light we produce at night.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐค์— ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋น› ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
Those very same lights we see all the way from space
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์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ถˆ๋น›๋“ค์ด
03:16
are shining up into the atmosphere,
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ถŒ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๋ฉฐ,
03:18
where they bounce around and create this featureless smog of light.
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์ด๋ฆฌ์ €๋ฆฌ ์‚ฐ๋ž€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌด๋ฏธ๊ฑด์กฐํ•œ ์Šค๋ชจ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
And that featureless smog of light has a name.
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์ด ๋ฌด๋ฏธ๊ฑด์กฐํ•œ ์Šค๋ชจ๊ทธ์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
It's called light pollution.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋น› ๊ณตํ•ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
As an astronomer,
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์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ,
03:29
I can actually tell how bad light pollution is
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์ €๋Š” ๋น› ๊ณตํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌํ•œ์ง€
03:32
by the brightness of stars I can see in the sky.
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ํ•˜๋Š˜์˜ ๋ณ„๋งŒ ๋ณด์•„๋„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
And it turns out
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์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๋น„๋ฐ€์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด๋ ค๋ฉด,
03:36
that when you're trying to unlock the secrets of the cosmos,
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์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๋น„๋ฐ€์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด๋ ค๋ฉด,
03:39
it's really helpful to be able to see the cosmos.
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๋จผ์ € ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๋ญ๋ผ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:43
And --
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๋„ค
03:44
[Laughs]
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:45
Truth.
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์ •๋ง๋กœ์š”.
03:48
And this light that we're trying to detect
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ธกํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋น›์€
03:50
is coming from millions or billions of light-years away,
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ, ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๊ด‘๋…„ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์˜ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:54
and so it's generally pretty faint.
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๋ณดํ†ต ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฏธ์•ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
And as an astronomer,
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์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ
03:59
I fight with this every day to do my job,
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์ €๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์”จ๋ฆ„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:02
and I have to tell you, it is a really big problem.
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์ •๋ง์ด์ง€ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
But the problem is far worse
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ
04:12
than just losing some whimsical ability to gaze at the stars.
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๋ณ„์„ ์ข€ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ทธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
For example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
04:18
countless plant and animal species are affected.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค๋„ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
So we could talk about sea turtles
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋ถ์ด๋‚˜
04:24
or pollinators
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๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ ๋งค๊ฐœ์ž๋“ค๊ฐ™์ด
04:27
or any of these super important species
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๋ชน์‹œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:30
that are also cute.
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๋˜ ๊ท€์—ฌ์šด ์ข…๋“ค๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:32
Instead, I want to talk
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š”
04:33
about these quietly unassuming dog whelks.
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์ด ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์‡ ๊ณ ๋‘ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
You may have seen them around
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ฃผ์œ„์—์„œ ์ด ๊ณ ๋‘ฅ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ 
04:38
and not given them really a whole lot of thought.
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๋ณ„์ƒ๊ฐ ์—†์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์ณค์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
But they're pretty cool.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๊ณ ๋‘ฅ์€ ๊ฝค ๊ทผ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
So in an entire year
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ํ•œ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ‹€์–ด๋„
04:44
a dog whelk will rarely move more than about 10 meters.
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์‡ ๊ณ ๋‘ฅ์€ ๋Œ€๊ฐœ 10๏ฝ ์ด์ƒ ์›€์ง์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
That means that when they are attacking their prey
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๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅํ•  ๋•Œ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ์†๋„์ธ
04:52
they can hit this brisk pace of about a millimeter an hour.
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์‹œ์† 1ใŽœ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์ถ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
And --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
04:58
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:01
This works out OK,
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๊ทธ ์ •๋„๋ฉด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
because they attack things like barnacles.
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๋จน์ด๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๊ฐœ๋น„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:05
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:10
So these dog whelks live in the intertidal area of coasts,
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์ด ๊ณ ๋‘ฅ์€ ํ•ด์•ˆ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์— ์„œ์‹ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
05:14
where, it turns out,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์—์„œ
05:16
they're a pretty key part of the ecosystem.
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋งก์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
Not only are they one of the most dominant invertebrate predators,
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๋ฌด์ฒ™์ถ”๋™๋ฌผ ์ค‘์—๋Š” ์ตœ์ƒ์œ„ ํฌ์‹์ž ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ง€๋งŒ,
05:23
but other animals, like crabs and birds, think they're pretty tasty.
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๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ ๋”ฐ์œ„ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ๋ง›์žˆ๋Š” ๋จน์ด์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
So that leaves these poor snails in a kind of precarious situation,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๋ถˆ์Œํ•œ ๊ณ ๋‘ฅ์€ ์œ„ํƒœ๋กœ์šด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
because if they go too low in the water,
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๋ฌผ์† ๊นŠ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ ค๋‹ˆ
05:34
then crabs are a threat,
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๊ฒŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์„ญ๊ณ ,
05:35
but if they come out of the water too far,
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด
05:38
birds are going to have a feast.
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์ƒˆ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐฐ๋งŒ ๋ถˆ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ผด์ด ๋ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:41
Why is an astronomer telling you about dog whelks?
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์™œ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์‡ ๊ณ ๋‘ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:45
I ask that myself.
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์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
05:47
Because their behavior is impacted by light pollution.
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๊ณ ๋‘ฅ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋น› ๊ณตํ•ด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
For example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
05:52
if dog whelks are subjected to artificial light at night
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์‡ ๊ณ ๋‘ฅ์„ ๋ฐค์— ์ธ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๋น›์— ๋…ธ์ถœํ•˜๋ฉด
05:55
they're about twice as likely to stay under the water with a predator.
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ํฌ์‹์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์†์— ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
And that puts them at increased risk.
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๊ทธ๋งŒํผ ๋” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
And it's not like they can make a speedy escape.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์œ„๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์žฌ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
And so these --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ์š”
06:05
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:07
And the other issue is because they literally move
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์‡ ๊ณ ๋‘ฅ์ด ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด๋งŒํผ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ
06:09
at a snail's pace.
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์›€์ง์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
If a population is wiped out,
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ํ•œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ชฐ์‚ด๋‹นํ•˜๋ฉด,
06:14
it can take decades to replenish.
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๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
And that, in turn, affects the rest of their ecosystem
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋˜๋ฉด ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์ธ
06:19
and the other species, like the birds and the barnacles and the crabs.
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์ƒˆ, ๋”ฐ๊ฐœ๋น„๋‚˜ ๊ฒŒ ๋“ฑ์ด ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
So this is just one small and slimy example
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๋น› ๊ณตํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ
06:27
of how light pollution can unleash a cascade effect
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์—ฐ์‡„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง๊ฐ€ํŠธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”
06:30
on an entire ecosystem.
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์ž‘์€ ์˜ˆ์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
Virtually every species that has been studied to date
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…์ด
06:37
is impacted by light pollution.
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๋น› ๊ณตํ•ด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
And that includes humans.
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์ธ๊ฐ„๋„ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
So let's talk about us.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:42
You are probably not surprised to hear
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๋น› ๊ณตํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์ˆ™๋ฉด์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
06:45
that light pollution can affect your ability to sleep well at night.
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๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ๋†€๋ž์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
But you might be surprised to hear that light pollution is linked to obesity.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋น› ๊ณตํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋น„๋งŒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฝค ๋†€๋ผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ 
06:54
In fact, in a recent study
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์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š”,
06:55
they found that light pollution contributed to over 70 percent
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๋น› ๊ณตํ•ด๊ฐ€ 80๊ฐœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๋น„๋งŒ์œจ์˜ 70% ์ด์ƒ์„
06:58
of the obesity rates in 80 countries.
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์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฐํ˜€๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
More than that,
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๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€,
07:03
light pollution actually contributed about the same amount to excess weight
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๋น› ๊ณตํ•ด๋Š” ํŒจ์ŠคํŠธํ‘ธ๋“œ ๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณผ์ฒด์ค‘์„ ๋งŽ์ด
07:07
as eating junk food.
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์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
And it gets worse.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
For people who are subjected
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๋ฐค์— ์ƒ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰์˜
07:14
to significant amounts of artificial light at night
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์ธ๊ณต ๋ถˆ๋น›์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
07:17
they're about 50 percent more likely to get breast cancer.
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์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด 50% ๋” ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
And in fact, light pollution is correlated with types of cancer
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋น› ๊ณตํ•ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์•”๊ณผ
07:24
across the board.
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์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
And in controlled lab experiments
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์˜ ํ†ต์ œ๋œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ,
07:27
there's a direct link between increased artificial light at night
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๋ฐค์˜ ์ธ๊ณต ๋ถˆ๋น›์€ ์ข…์–‘์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์†๋„์™€
07:31
and a rate of tumor growth.
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์ง๊ฒฐ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
You might be wondering how normal light
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ๋ถˆ๋น›์ด
07:37
could possibly impact cancer rates.
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์•”์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
It likely all comes down to the super important hormone
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์ธ
07:43
called melatonin,
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๋ฉœ๋ผํ† ๋‹Œ ๋ถ„๋น„์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:45
which we have evolved over millions of years
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๋ฉœ๋ผํ† ๋‹Œ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญํ•˜์—ฌ
07:47
to produce on a day-night cycle, or a circadian rhythm.
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๋ชธ์˜ ์ผ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ, ์ƒ์ฒด ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
What happens is that when light impacts
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๋ฐค์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ˆˆ ๋’ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ง๋ง‰์—
07:54
the retina at the back of our eye at night
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๋น›์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋ฉด
07:56
it can disrupt melatonin production,
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๋ฉœ๋ผํ† ๋‹Œ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
07:59
and when melatonin production is disrupted,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
08:01
a whole chain of other chemical processes are affected,
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์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•˜์—ฌ
08:04
and that includes estrogen production.
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์ด์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ „์ฒด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
And when we throw this chemical balance out of whack,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ™”ํ•™์  ๊ท ํ˜•์ด ๊นจ์ง€๋ฉด,
08:09
really bad things can happen.
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์ •๋ง ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
In fact, things are so bad,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๋ƒ๋ฉด,
08:12
that the International Agency for Cancer Research
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๊ตญ์ œ์•”์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ(IARC)์—์„œ
08:15
has said that disrupting the human circadian rhythm
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์ƒ์ฒด ์‹œ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ต๋ž€์„
08:18
is a probable carcinogen.
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๋ฐœ์•” ์ถ”์ •์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ–ˆ์„ ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
Also, for fun, I want to let you know
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„
08:24
that light pollution has been linked to,
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๋น› ๊ณตํ•ด๋Š” ๊ทธ ์™ธ์—๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ์ฆ์ƒ์ธ
08:26
let's see -- headaches, anxiety, depression, diabetes,
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๋‘ํ†ต, ๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ์šฐ์šธ, ๋‹น๋‡จ,
08:29
cardiovascular disease and the list goes on.
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์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
But maybe you don't care about your health.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์—๋Š” ํฐ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์—†์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:33
We're all going to die anyway,
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์–ด์ฐจํ”ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์„ ํ…๋ฐ,
08:35
you might as well die in a brightly lit room.
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์ด์™•์ด๋ฉด ํ™˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ์ฃฝ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:37
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:40
The fact that you're laughing about death is kind of amazing.
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์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ์›ƒ์–ด๋„˜๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜๋„ค์š”.
08:43
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:45
You might still care about money.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ˆ์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
08:48
The money that's spent on that wasted light,
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์ˆœ์ „ํžˆ ๋‚ญ๋น„๋˜๋Š” ๋น›,
08:50
and I mean just the light that's going out into the universe,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜์–ด
08:53
and not doing us any good,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด ์“ธ๋ชจ ์—†๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋น›์—๋งŒ
08:54
is three billion dollars a year.
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์—ฐ๊ฐ„ 30์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋ชจ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
That's enough money to build, like,
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๊ทธ ๋ˆ์ด๋ฉด
08:58
1,000 utility-grade windmills,
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์“ธ๋งŒํ•œ ํ’์ฐจ๋ฅผ 1,000๊ฐœ ์ง“๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
09:01
or fund the entire DC public-school system for over two years,
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์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด D.C. ๊ณต๊ต์œก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ 2๋…„ ์น˜ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์„ ๋Œ€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
09:05
or -- this is my favorite, because I really want one
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์ •๋ง ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ˆ์ด ์—†์–ด์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
09:07
but I can't afford one --
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09:09
buy 30,000 Tesla Model X SUVs.
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ํ…Œ์Šฌ๋ผ ๋ชจ๋ธ X SUV 30,000๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:14
And that includes the electric car tax credit.
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์ „๊ธฐ์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ธˆ ๊ณต์ œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ณ์„œ์š”.
09:18
And then there are the existential costs.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์กด์ฃผ์˜์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
I don't have any data
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์šฐ์ฃผ ์†์—์„œ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
09:24
on how losing touch with our place in the cosmos
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๋ฌด์Šจ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ
09:27
impacts us.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ž๋ฃŒ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
But I believe
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€
09:32
that this probably impacts our humanity
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๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ณด๋‹ค๋„
09:34
more than any of the other scary statistics I can share with you.
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๋” ๋‚˜์œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
09:38
And it's getting worse with time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฅผ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
The amount of light pollution is doubling roughly every 35 years.
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๋น› ๊ณตํ•ด์˜ ์ด๋Ÿ‰์€ ์•ฝ 35๋…„๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
That means that within the next decade
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ํ–ฅํ›„ 10๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด์—
09:48
virtually the entire eastern half of the United States
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๋™์ชฝ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์€
09:52
will be perpetually brighter than twilight.
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๋Š˜ ํ™ฉํ˜ผ๋น›๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋ฐ์€ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ง€์†๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
And there's another issue with light pollution.
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๋น› ๊ณตํ•ด์—๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
The problem is way worse than we can see with our own eyes.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ณตํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
Our eyes have evolved to just detect this tiny range
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ˆˆ์€ ๋น›์˜ ์ „์ฒด ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ์ค‘ ๊ทนํžˆ ์ผ๋ถ€๋งŒ์„
10:05
of the full spectrum of light.
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๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ง„ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
All of this other light that we can't see,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”,
10:09
this invisible light,
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๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋น›๋„
10:11
also has a pollution problem.
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๊ณตํ•ด์— ์ผ์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
Mostly it's from modern technology,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋น›์€ ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„,
10:15
things like cell phones or car-to-car radar,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ ๋ ˆ์ด๋”๊ฐ™์ด
10:17
or now apparently we need appliances that can talk to each other.
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๋Œ€ํ™”ํ˜• ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๊ฐ€์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:21
All of this modern technology is putting out strong signals
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์ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•ด์„œ
10:24
that can completely swamp
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์ง€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š”
10:27
this exceedingly faint light we're trying to detect
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์•„์ฃผ ๋ฏธ์•ฝํ•œ ๋น›์„ ๋’ค๋ฎ๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
from the rest of the universe outside Earth,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ง€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ–์ด๋ž€,
10:32
which just for the record, is most of the universe.
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๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์šฐ์ฃผ ์ „์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:42
And then, there are satellites.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์œ„์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
Satellites are a problem at both visible and invisible wavelengths.
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์œ„์„ฑ์€ ๋น›์˜ ๊ฐ€์‹œ ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ฐ€์‹œ ์˜์—ญ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
A host of private companies have plans to deploy tens of thousands of satellites
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์˜ ๊ณ„ํš๋Œ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์œ„์„ฑ์ด ๋”
10:52
into Earth orbit,
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์ง€๊ตฌ ๊ถค๋„์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉด,
10:54
where they will not only outnumber,
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์œ„์„ฑ์˜ ์ˆซ์ž๋Š”
10:56
literally outnumber the visible stars in the sky,
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๋ฐคํ•˜๋Š˜์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ณ„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋งŽ์•„์งˆ ํ…Œ๊ณ 
11:00
while also beaming invisible light back to Earth.
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์ด ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์œ„์„ฑ์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋น›์„ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋กœ ์˜์•„ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
So for astronomers like me,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ € ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๋“ค,
11:06
who use invisible light to study the universe,
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๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋น›์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
11:08
it's going to be like staring at the Sun
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๋งˆ์น˜ ํƒœ์–‘ ๋’ค์— ์žˆ๋Š”
11:11
and trying to see a birthday candle behind it.
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์ƒ์ผ ์ผ€์ดํฌ ์ด›๋ถˆ์„ ๋ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ผด์ด ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
Alright, I want to be clear
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋“ค์—
11:17
that there's nothing inherently wrong with any of this modern technology.
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๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
11:22
With cell phones or satellites or car radar.
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ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์ด๋“  ์œ„์„ฑ์ด๋“  ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ ˆ์ด๋”๋“ ์ง€์š”.
11:25
I'm not sure about kitchen appliances.
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์ฃผ๋ฐฉ ๊ฐ€์ „๋“ค์€, ๊ธ€์Ž„ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
11:27
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:29
I haven't broken down
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์ „ ์•„์ง ์ œ์ •์‹ ์ด์–ด์„œ
11:30
and gotten an oven that talks to my cell phone yet.
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ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
And I use lights at night like everybody else.
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์ €๋„ ๋ณดํ†ต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฐค์— ์ „๋“ฑ์„ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
But here's the thing.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž˜ ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
11:39
Some problems in the world,
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์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค,
11:41
like we've heard about today and you'll hear more about,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์€,
11:44
are overwhelming and they seem intractable.
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๋•Œ๋ก  ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๊ปด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
Visible light pollution is not one of these problems.
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๊ฐ€์‹œ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๋น› ๊ณตํ•ด๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช… ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
This is actually stupidly simple, OK?
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋ฐ”๋ณด ๊ฐ™์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
So here are five super simple things you can do.
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์‹คํ–‰์— ์˜ฎ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
Don't use lights brighter than you need to.
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๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ถˆ๋น›๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
12:01
Don't use lights when you don't need them.
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ํ•„์š” ์—†์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋น›์„ ๋„์„ธ์š”.
12:04
Those lights you're using,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์“ฐ๋Š” ์ „๋“ฑ์—
12:05
make sure they're shielded down,
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๊ผญ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์•„์„œ,
12:06
so they're not shining up into the sky.
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๋น›์ด ํ•˜๋Š˜ ์œ„๋กœ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
12:09
And let's talk about LED lights.
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LED ์ „๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
12:11
If you have a choice, don't buy the blue ones.
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์„ ํƒ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ์ƒ‰์€ ํ”ผํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
12:15
Look for words like "warm white."
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"๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ ํฐ์ƒ‰" ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
12:18
If you buy LEDs with words like "natural light" or "daylight,"
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๋งŒ์•ฝ "์ž์—ฐ๊ด‘"์ด๋‚˜ "ํ–‡๋น›" ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ํžŒ LED ์ „๋“ฑ์„ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
12:22
that's like saying you hate space.
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:30
And finally,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ,
12:33
you could advocate for this.
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์ด ์šด๋™์˜ ์ง€์ง€์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
12:35
Even in your local community,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์—์„œ
12:36
find out if there's a lighting code
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์ „๋“ฑ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€,
12:38
and whether it could be made more night-sky friendly.
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๋ฐคํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ๋ณด์กดํ•  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
12:41
Or dare I say, you could even advocate at the federal level,
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๋” ๊ณผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ
12:44
by politely asking our federal officials,
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์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์—๋„ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„์ธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์‹ค,
12:47
some of whom may be here,
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์ •๋ถ€ ๊ณต์ง์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฒญ์›ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
12:48
to please not auction off our view of the invisible universe
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๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์— ๋ถ€์ณ,
12:53
to the highest bidder to pollute at will,
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์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ž…์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์˜ค์—ผ์‹œ์ผœ๋„ ๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ๋ง์•„๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
12:55
which is actually what happens.
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12:57
Now, like a good professor,
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์—ฌ๋Š ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ,
13:00
I have homework for you.
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์ €๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
13:02
If you have never seen a truly dark night sky,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์–ด๋‘  ์†์—์„œ ๋ฐคํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด,
13:07
I want you to go out and experience one for yourself.
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๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ทธ ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋‹ด์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
13:11
Because if you don't,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ๋งŒ
13:13
you don't know what you're missing,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋†“์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€,
13:16
and you don't know what humanity is losing.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์žƒ์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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