Karina Galperin: Should we simplify spelling? (with English subtitles) | TED

71,962 views ใƒป 2017-04-06

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Tomรกs Guarna Reviewer: Sebastian Betti
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Zeeva Livshitz ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
We lost a lot of time at school learning spelling.
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ื”ืคืกื“ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื™ื•ืช.
00:17
Kids are still losing a lot of time at school with spelling.
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ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืื™ื•ืช.
00:24
That's why I want to share a question with you:
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ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื–ื• ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืชืฃ ืืชื›ื ืฉืืœื”.
00:29
Do we need new spelling rules?
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"ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ?"
00:33
I believe that yes, we do.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื›ืŸ, ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื.
00:35
Or even better, I think we need to simplify the ones we already have.
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ืื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื–ื”, ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืคืฉื˜ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื•.
00:41
Neither the question nor the answer are new in the Spanish language.
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ืœื ื”ืฉืืœื” ื•ืœื ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉืคื” ืฉืœื ื•.
00:45
They have been bouncing around from century to century
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ื”ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ืฆืฆื•ืช ืžืžืื” ืœืžืื” ืžื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืžืื•ื“.
00:49
since 1492, when in the first grammar guide of the Spanish language,
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ืžืื– 1492, ื›ืฉื‘ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ื“ืงื“ื•ืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืงืกื˜ื™ืœื™ืื ื™ืช
00:55
Antonio de Nebrija, set a clear and simple principle for our spelling:
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ืื ื˜ื•ื ื™ื• ื“ื” ื ื‘ืจื™ื™ื” ืงื‘ืข ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื• ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•:
01:00
"... thus, we have to write words as we pronounce them,
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"ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ
01:03
and pronounce words as we write them."
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ื•ืœื‘ื˜ื ืžื™ืœื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื."
01:06
Each sound was to correspond to one letter,
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ืœื›ืœ ืฆืœื™ืœ ืชื”ื™ื” ืื•ืช ืชื•ืืžืช,
01:09
each letter was to represent a single sound,
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ื•ื›ืœ ืื•ืช ืชื™ื™ืฆื’ ืฆืœื™ืœ ืื—ื“,
01:12
and those which did not represent any sound should be removed.
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ื•ืืช ืืœื• ืฉืœื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ืฆืœื™ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ.
01:19
This approach, the phonetic approach,
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ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื”, ื”ื•ื ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื•ื ื˜ื™,
01:21
which says we have to write words as we pronounce them,
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ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ,
01:25
both is and isn't at the root of spelling as we practice it today.
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ื–ื” ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
01:30
It is, because the Spanish language, in contrast to English, French or others,
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืฉืคื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช
ื›ืžื• ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืื• ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช,
01:36
always strongly resisted writing words too differently
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ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืคื’ื™ื ื” ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื”
ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื“ื™ ืžื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ.
01:41
to how we pronounce them.
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01:43
But the phonetic approach is also absent today,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืžืื” ื” 18
01:45
because when, in the 18th century, we decided how we would standardize
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ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฆื•ืจืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืื—ื™ื“ื” ืžืฉืœื ื•
01:48
our writing,
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01:50
there was another approach which guided a good part of the decisions.
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ื”ื™ื” ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื”ื ื—ื” ื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช.
01:54
It was the etymological approach,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื˜ื™ืžื•ืœื•ื’ื™,
01:57
the one that says we have to write words
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ื–ื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘
01:59
according to how they were written in their original language,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืฉืคืชืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช,
02:02
in Latin, in Greek.
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ื‘ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช, ื‘ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช,
02:04
That's how we ended up with silent H's, which we write but don't pronounce.
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ื•ื›ืš ื ืฉืืจื ื• ืขื ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช H ืฉืื ื• ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืืš ืœื ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื
02:08
That's how we have B's and V's that, contrary to what many people believe,
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ื•ื›ืš ื ืฉืืจื ื• ืขื ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช B ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื•-V ืงืฆืจื•ืช
ืฉื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื
02:14
were never differentiated in Spanish pronunciation.
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ื”ืŸ ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื‘ื“ืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™ ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืงืกื˜ืœื™ืื ื™ืช
02:18
That's how we wound up with G's,
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ืื– ื ืฉืืจื ื• ืขื G ืฉื ืฉืžืข ืงืฉื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™ ืฉืœ "gente" (ืื ืฉื™ื)
02:20
that are sometimes aspirated, as in "gente,"
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02:23
and other times unaspirated, as in "gato."
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืžืข ืจืš ื›ืžื• ื‘"gato" (ื—ืชื•ืœ).
02:25
That's how we ended up with C's, S's and Z's,
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ื›ืš ืื ื• ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืขื C S Z,
02:29
three letters that in some places correspond to one sound,
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3 ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืชื•ืืžื•ืช ืœืฆืœื™ืœ ืื—ื“,
02:33
and in others, to two, but nowhere to three.
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ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœ 2, ืืš ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืœ 3.
02:37
I'm not here to tell you anything you don't know from your own experience.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ืื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืžืฉื”ื•
ืฉืื™ื ื›ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื›ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™.
02:43
We all went to school,
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ,
02:46
we all invested big amounts of learning time,
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื”ืฉืงืขื ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ืœืžื™ื“ืช
02:50
big amounts of pliant, childlike brain time
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ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื— ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™ ื’ืžื™ืฉ
02:55
in dictation,
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ื‘ื”ื›ืชื‘ื•ืช,
02:57
in the memorization of spelling rules filled, nevertheless, with exceptions.
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ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ืื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืœืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ.
03:02
We were told in many ways, implicitly and explicitly,
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ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืœื ื• ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืขื•ืช ื•ืžืคื•ืจืฉื•ืช,
03:06
that in spelling, something fundamental to our upbringing was at stake.
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ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืื™ื•ืช
ื™ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื‘ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
03:13
Yet, I have the feeling
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ืืš ืขื ื–ืืช ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื”ืจื’ืฉื”
03:15
that teachers didn't ask themselves why it was so important.
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ืฉื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉืืœื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
03:19
In fact, they didn't ask themselves a previous question:
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ื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื”ืขืœื• ื‘ืจืืฉื ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”,
03:22
What is the purpose of spelling?
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืžื™ืœื ื”ืื™ื•ืช?
03:25
What do we need spelling for?
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ืœืฉื ืžื” ื”ืื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืžืฉ?
03:30
And the truth is, when someone asks themselves this question,
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ื•ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื•ืืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”
03:33
the answer is much simpler and less momentous
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ื˜ืจื ืกืฆื ื“ื ื˜ืœื™ืช
03:36
than we'd usually believe.
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ืžืžื” ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
03:38
We use spelling to unify the way we write, so we can all write the same way,
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ื”ืื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงื ืŸ ืืช ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”,
ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื”.
03:45
making it easier for us to understand when we read to each other.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื• ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžืงืจื™ืื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”.
03:50
But unlike in other aspects of language such as punctuation,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคื”,
ื›ืžื• ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืกื•ืง ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
03:55
in spelling, there's no individual expression involved.
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ื‘ืื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžืขื•ืจื›ืช ื›ืœ ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื‘ืขื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช
04:01
In punctuation, there is.
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ื‘ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืกื•ืง, ื›ืŸ.
04:03
With punctuation, I can choose to change the meaning of a phrase.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืกื•ืง ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜.
04:07
With punctuation, I can impose a particular rhythm to what I am writing,
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ืขื ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืกื•ืง
ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืข ืžืงืฆื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช,
04:13
but not with spelling.
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ืขื ื”ืื™ื•ืช, ืœื.
04:15
When it comes to spelling, it's either wrong or right,
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ื”ืื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื• ืจืข
04:19
according to whether it conforms or not to the current rules.
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ื‘ืื ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชืื™ื , ืื• ืœื ืœื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ืชืงืคื™ื.
04:23
But then, wouldn't it be more sensible to simplify the current rules
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ืื‘ืœ ืื–, ื”ืื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืคืฉื˜ ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื
04:28
so it would be easier to teach, learn and use spelling correctly?
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืœืžื“ ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื™ื•ืช?
04:35
Wouldn't it be more sensible to simplify the current rules
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ื”ืื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคืฉื˜ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื•ืช
04:40
so that all the time we devote today to teaching spelling,
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ื›ืš ืฉืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”
ืฉืื ื• ืžืงื“ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืื™ื•ืช
04:45
we could devote to other language issues
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืœื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืคื”
04:48
whose complexities do, in fact, deserve the time and effort?
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ืฉืœืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืจืื•ื™ื” ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืžืืžืฅ?
04:54
What I propose is not to abolish spelling,
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ืขื” ื–ื” ืœื ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘,
04:59
and have everyone write however they want.
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ื•ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื—ืคื•ืฅ.
05:03
Language is a tool of common usage,
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ืฉืคื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืœื™ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ
05:07
and so I believe it's fundamental that we use it following common criteria.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ
ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื.
05:13
But I also find it fundamental
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™
05:15
that those common criteria be as simple as possible,
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ืฉืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืืœื• ื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ื›ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ,
05:19
especially because if we simplify our spelling,
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื™ ืื ื ืคืฉื˜ ืืช ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืฉืœื ื•
05:23
we're not leveling it down;
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ืœื ื ืื–ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื˜ื”;
05:26
when spelling is simplified,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืคืฉื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื™ื•ืช
05:29
the quality of the language doesn't suffer at all.
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ืœื ื ืคื—ื™ืช ื‘ืžืื•ืžื” ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคื”.
05:33
I work every day with Spanish Golden Age literature,
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ืขื ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”ื‘,
05:37
I read Garcilaso, Cervantes, Gรณngora, Quevedo,
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ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจืืช ืืช ื’ืจืกื™ืœืกื•, ืกืจื•ื•ื ื˜ืก, ื’ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื”, ืงื‘ื“ื•,
05:41
who sometimes write "hombre" without H,
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ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื "hombre" (ืื“ื) ื‘ืœื™ H.
05:44
sometimes write "escribir" with V,
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื "escribir" (ืœื›ืชื•ื‘) ืขื V ืงืฆืจ,
05:47
and it's absolutely clear to me
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื™
05:50
that the difference between those texts and ours is one of convention,
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ืฉื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ื ืืœื” ื•ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกื›ืžื”,
05:55
or rather, a lack of convention during their time.
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ืื• ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืžื•ืกื›ืžื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืชื,
05:59
But it's not a difference of quality.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช.
06:02
But let me go back to the masters,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื
06:04
because they're key characters in this story.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืคืชื— ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
06:07
Earlier, I mentioned this slightly thoughtless insistence
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ื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืžื” ืฉื”ื”ืชืขืงืฉื•ืช ื—ืกืจืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ืžืงืฆืช
06:13
with which teachers pester and pester us
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ืฉื‘ืขื–ืจืชื” ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื•ื—ืฆื™ื ื•ืžื•ื—ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•
06:16
over spelling.
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ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืื™ื•ืช.
06:17
But the truth is, things being as they are,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื,
06:21
this makes perfect sense.
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ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื’ืžืจื™.
06:23
In our society, spelling serves as an index of privilege,
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ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•,
ื”ืื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ืื™ื ื“ืงืก ืžื•ืขื“ืฃ
06:29
separating the cultured from the brute, the educated from the ignorant,
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจืื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื•ืจื™ื,
06:33
independent of the content that's being written.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ืžื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื ื›ืชื‘.
06:38
One can get or not get a job
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ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื• ืœื”ื™ื“ื—ื•ืช
06:41
because of an H that one put or did not.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ H ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืื• ืœื ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘.
06:44
One can become an object of public ridicule
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ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืœืฉื™ื™ืžื™ื ื’ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™
06:47
because of a misplaced B.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ B ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
06:50
Therefore, in this context,
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ืื– ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”,
06:52
of course, it makes sense to dedicate all this time to spelling.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืœืื™ื•ืช.
06:57
But we shouldn't forget
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ืื‘ืœ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœืฉื›ื•ื—
07:00
that throughout the history of our language,
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ืฉืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคื” ืฉืœื ื•
07:02
it has always been teachers
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ื”ื™ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื•ืจื™ื
07:04
or people involved in the early learning of language
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ืื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช
07:08
who promoted spelling reforms,
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ืืœื” ืฉื™ื–ืžื• ืจืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืื•ืจืชื•ื’ืจืคื™ื•ืช,
07:10
who realized that in our spelling there was often an obstacle
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ืืœื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื™ื“ืข
07:15
to the transmission of knowledge.
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07:17
In our case, for example,
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ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื•, ืœืžืฉืœ,
07:19
Sarmiento, together with Andrรฉs Bello, spearheaded the biggest spelling reform
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ืกืืจืžื™ื ื˜ื•, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืื ื“ืจืก ื‘ืœื•, ื”ื ื™ืขื• ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืื™ื•ืช
07:24
to take place in the Spanish language:
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ืฉื”ืชื—ื•ืœืœื” ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช,
07:27
the mid-19th century Chilean reform.
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ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฆ'ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืืžืฆืข ื”ืžืื” ื”ืชืฉืข-ืขืฉืจื”.
07:33
Then, why not take over the task of those teachers
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื›ืš, ืœื ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืžืกืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•
07:38
and start making progress in our spelling?
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ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•?
07:41
Here, in this intimate group of 10,000,
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ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ 10000
07:44
I'd like to bring to the table
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ
07:46
some changes that I find reasonable to start discussing.
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ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื›ื— ืขืœื™ื”ื
07:52
Let's remove the silent H.
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื” H ื”ืื™ืœืžืช.
07:54
In places where we write an H but pronounce nothing,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื ื• ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื H, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ
07:59
let's not write anything.
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ืœื ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ.
08:00
(Applause)
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08:01
It's hard for me to imagine what sentimental attachment
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืงืฉื” ืœื™ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืงืฉืจ ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื ื˜ืœื™
08:04
can justify to someone all the hassle caused by the silent H.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื’ืจืžื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ H ืื™ืœืžืช.
08:09
B and V, as we said before,
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B ืืจื•ื›ื” ื• V ืงืฆืจื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจื ื• ืงื•ื“ื
08:11
were never differentiated in the Spanish language --
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœื• ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืงืกื˜ื™ืœื™ืื ื™ืช,
08:14
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
08:15
Let's choose one; it could be either. We can discuss it, talk it over.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื•ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืื—ื“, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืื—ื“, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ื”,
08:19
Everyone will have their preferences and can make their arguments.
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ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื›ื—.
08:22
Let's keep one, remove the other.
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ื ื™ืฆืžื“ ืœืื—ืช ื•ื ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžื”ืฉื ื™ื”.
08:25
G and J, let's separate their roles.
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G ื•-J, ื‘ื•ืื• ื•ื ืคืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช
08:28
G should keep the unaspirated sound, like in "gato," "mago," and "รกguila,"
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ืฉื‘-G ื™ืฉืืจ ืฆืœื™ืœ ื—ืœืง, "gato" (ื—ืชื•ืœ), "mago" (ืงื•ืกื) "aguila"(ืขื™ื™ื˜)
08:33
and J should keep the aspirated sound,
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ื•ืฉื”- J ื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฆืœื™ืœ ืžื—ื•ืกืคืก "jarabe" (ืกื™ืจื•ืค) "jirafa" (ื’'ื™ืจืคื”}
08:36
as in "jarabe," "jirafa," "gente," "argentino."
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"gente" (ืื ืฉื™ื) "argentino" (ืืจื’ื ื˜ื™ื ืื™).
08:42
The case of C, S and Z is interesting,
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ื• C ,S, ื•-Z ื”ื ืžืงืจื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
08:47
because it shows that the phonetic approach must be a guide,
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžืจืื” ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื•ื ื˜ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ืจื™ืš.
08:51
but it can't be an absolute principle.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜.
08:54
In some cases, the differences in pronunciation must be addressed.
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ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื’ื™ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื™ื›ื™ื.
08:59
As I said before, C, S and Z,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื ื”ื’ืชื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ, C S I Z,
09:02
in some places, correspond to one sound, in others to two.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืŸ ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœืฆืœื™ืœ ืื—ื“, ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื.
09:05
If we go from three letters to two, we're all better off.
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ืื ืžืฉืœื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื ืจื“ ืœืฉืชื™ื™ื ื–ื” ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืขื ื›ื•ืœื ื•.
09:12
To some, these changes may seem a bit drastic.
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ืœืื—ื“ื™ื, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ืงืฆืช ื“ืจืกื˜ื™ื™ื
09:16
They're really not.
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ื”ื ืœื ื‘ืืžืช.
09:19
The Royal Spanish Academy, all of language academies,
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ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช, ื›ืœ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคื”,
09:22
also believes that spelling should be progressively modified;
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ื’ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
09:27
that language is linked to history, tradition and custom,
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ืฉื”ืฉืคื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ืœืžืกื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžื ื”ื’ื™ื,
09:32
but that at the same time, it is a practical everyday tool
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ื ื›ืœื™ ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™
09:36
and that sometimes this attachment to history, tradition and custom
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ื•ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ืœืžืกื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžื ื”ื’ื™ื
09:41
becomes an obstacle for its current usage.
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ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™
09:47
Indeed, this explains the fact
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ื–ื” ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืฉื”ืฉืคื” ืฉืœื ื•,
09:49
that our language, much more than the others we are geographically close to,
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืกืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืืœื™ื ื• ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช
09:56
has been historically modifying itself based on us,
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ืขืฉื• ื‘ื ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื,
10:00
for example, we went from "ortographia" to "ortografรญa,"
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืž"orthographia" ืœ - "ortografรญa",
10:03
from "theatro" to "teatro," from "quantidad" to "cantidad,"
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ืž -theatro" ืœ "teatro" (ื‘ืœื™ H) ืž -"quantidad" ืœ" cantidad"
10:07
from "symbolo" to "sรญmbolo."
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ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืž"symbolo" ืœ "simbolo"
10:10
And some silent H's are slowly being stealthily removed:
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ื•ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืกืœืง ื‘ื—ืฉืื™ ื›ืžื” ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช H ืื™ืœืžื•ืช,
10:15
in the Dictionary of the Royal Academy,
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ืช
10:18
"arpa" and "armonรญa" can be written with or without an H.
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"arpa" (ื ื‘ืœ), "armonรญa" ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขื ืื• ื‘ืœื™ H
10:23
And everybody is OK.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
10:27
I also believe
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ื ืจืื” ืœื™, ื’ื,
10:30
that this is a particularly appropriate moment to have this discussion.
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ืฉื–ื” ืจื’ืข ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”
10:37
It's always said that language changes spontaneously,
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ืชืžื™ื“ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืฉื”ืฉืคื” ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกืคื•ื ื˜ื ื™,
10:41
from the bottom up,
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ืžืœืžื˜ื” ืœืžืขืœื”,
10:43
that its users are the ones who incorporate new words
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ืฉื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื”ื ืืœื” ืฉืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืžื™ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช,
10:46
and who introduce grammatical changes,
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ื”ื ืืœื” ืฉืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื“ืงื“ื•ืงื™ื™ื
10:49
and that the authority -- in some places an academy,
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ื•ืฉื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช, ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ื“ื™ื ืืงื“ืžื™ื”,
10:53
in others a dictionary, in others a ministry --
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ืžื™ืœื•ืŸ, ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ืจืฉื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™,
10:57
accepts and incorporates them long after the fact.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ, ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื•ืžืฉืœื‘ืช ืื•ืชื.
11:02
This is true only for some levels of language.
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคื”,
11:06
It is true on the lexical level, the level of words.
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืจืžื” ื”ืœืงืกื™ืงืœื™ืช, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจืžืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื,
11:09
It is less true on the grammatical level,
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ื–ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื“ืงื“ื•ืงื™ืช,
11:12
and I would almost say it is not true for the spelling level,
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ื•ื›ืžืขื˜, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจืžืช ื”ืื™ื•ืช
11:16
that has historically changed from the top down.
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ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืฉืชื ืชื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืžืœืžืขืœื” ืœืžื˜ื”.
11:21
Institutions have always been the ones to establish the rules
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ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื• ืืœื” ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช
ืฉืงื‘ืขื• ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื.
11:25
and propose changes.
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11:28
Why do I say this is a particularly appropriate moment?
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ืœืžื” ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“?
11:33
Until today,
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ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื,
11:35
writing always had a much more restricted and private use than speech.
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ืœื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœ ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ ืžืืฉืจ ืœื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ
11:41
But in our time, the age of social networks,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช,
11:46
this is going through a revolutionary change.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™.
11:50
Never before have people written so much;
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ื›ืชื‘ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•.
11:53
never before have people written for so many others to see.
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืงืจืื• ื–ืืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš
11:58
And in these social networks, for the first time,
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ื•ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืืœื•, ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”,
12:01
we're seeing innovative uses of spelling on a large scale,
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ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืื•ืจืชื•ื’ืจืคื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
12:06
where even more-than-educated people with impeccable spelling,
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ืฉื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื, ืฉืžืื™ื™ืชื™ื ืœืœื ื“ื•ืคื™, ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื™ื ืžืื•ื“,
12:11
when using social networks,
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ื›ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื”
12:13
behave a lot like the majority of users of social networks behave.
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ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
12:19
That is to say, they slack on spell-checking
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืžืฉืžื™ื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื•ืช
12:22
and prioritize speed and efficacy in communication.
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ื•ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช
12:28
For now, on social networks, we see chaotic, individual usages.
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ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื” ื ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื,
12:33
But I think we have to pay attention to them,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘
12:36
because they're probably telling us
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ื›ื™ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื ื•
12:38
that an era that designates a new place for writing
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ืฉืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืžืงืฆื” ืœื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืžืงื•ื ื—ื“ืฉ
12:43
seeks new criteria for that writing.
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ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืžื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื• ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
12:48
I think we'd be wrong to reject them, to discard them,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ื˜ืขื” ืื ื ื“ื—ื” ืื•ืชื, ื ืฉืœื™ืš ืื•ืชื,
12:53
because we identify them as symptoms of the cultural decay of our times.
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ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื–ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื
ื›ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืงื™ืขื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื ื•.
12:58
No, I believe we have to observe them, organize them and channel them
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื”ื, ืœืกื“ืจ ืื•ืชื ื•ืœืฉืคื•ื˜ ืื•ืชื
13:03
within guidelines that better correspond to the needs of our times.
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื ื•.
13:10
I can anticipate some objections.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืœื›ืžื” ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช.
13:15
There will be those who'll say
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืืœื” ืฉื™ืืžืจื•
13:16
that if we simplify spelling we'll lose etymology.
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ืฉืื ื ืคืฉื˜ ืืช ื”ืื™ื•ืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืื˜ื™ืžื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
13:22
Strictly speaking, if we wanted to preserve etymology,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืœื• ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ืื˜ื™ืžื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
13:25
it would go beyond just spelling.
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ืœื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืขื“ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘,
13:28
We'd also have to learn Latin, Greek, Arabic.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื’ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช, ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช, ืขืจื‘ื™ืช.
13:33
With simplified spelling,
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ืขื ืื™ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•, ืื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืื˜ื™ืžื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
13:35
we would normalize etymology in the same place we do now:
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ืœืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ืืœื™ื• ืื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœืžื™ืœื•ื ื™ื ืื˜ื™ืžื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื.
13:40
in etymological dictionaries.
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13:43
A second objection will come from those who say:
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ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื“ ืืœื” ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื
13:46
"If we simplify spelling, we'll stop distinguishing
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"ืื ืื ื• ืžืคืฉื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื™ื•ืช
ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืคืกื™ืง ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืžื–ื•
13:50
between words that differ in just one letter."
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ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ื ื‘ื“ืœื•ืช ื–ื• ืžื–ื• ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืช ืื—ืช".
13:54
That is true, but it's not a problem.
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ื”.
13:58
Our language has homonyms, words with more than one meaning,
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ืœืฉืคื” ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ื”ื•ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืžื™ืœื™ื ืขื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืช
14:03
yet we don't confuse the "banco" where we sit
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ื•ืื ื• ืœื ืžืชื‘ืœื‘ืœื™ื:
ื”-Banco (ืกืคืกืœ) ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื”-Banco (ื‘ื ืง) ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื›ืกืคื ื•,
14:06
with the "banco" where we deposit money,
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14:08
or the "traje" that we wear with the things we "trajimos."
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ื”-traje (ื—ืœื™ืคื”) ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉ-trajemos (ื”ื‘ืื ื•)
14:11
In the vast majority of situations, context dispels any confusion.
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ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ืžืขืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ.
14:19
But there's a third objection.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช,
14:23
To me,
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ื‘ื ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื›ื™ ืžืจื’ืฉืช,
14:26
it's the most understandable, even the most moving.
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14:30
It's the people who'll say: "I don't want to change.
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ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžืืœื• ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช.
14:34
I was brought up like this, I got used to doing it this way,
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ื›ืš ื—ื•ื ื›ืชื™, ื”ืชืจื’ืœืชื™ ืœื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
14:38
when I read a written word in simplified spelling, my eyes hurt."
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืžื™ืœื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืื™ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืฉื˜
ื›ื•ืื‘ื•ืช ืœื™ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื.'
14:44
(Laughter)
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ื(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:46
This objection is, in part, in all of us.
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ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื•.
14:52
What do I think we should do?
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ืžื” ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
14:53
The same thing that's always done in these cases:
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืืœื”.
14:56
changes are made looking forward; children are taught the new rules,
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ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ื ืงื“ื™ืžื”,
ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
15:01
those of us who don't want to adapt can write the way we're used to writing,
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ืื™ื ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื
15:06
and hopefully, time will cement the new rules in place.
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ื•ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื™ื’ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
15:11
The success of every spelling reform that affects deeply rooted habits
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ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืจืคื•ืจืžืช ืื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ื‘ื•ืขื™ื
15:17
lies in caution, agreement, gradualism and tolerance.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ื‘ืงื•ื ืฆื ื–ื•ืก ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื•ืช.
15:23
At the same time, can't allow the attachment to old customs
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื•ืจืฉื™ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ื™ืฉื ื™ื
15:27
impede us from moving forward.
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ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืœื ื•ืข ืงื“ื™ืžื”
15:30
The best tribute we can pay to the past
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ื”ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืขื‘ืจ
15:34
is to improve upon what it's given us.
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ื”ื™ื ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื
15:37
So I believe that we must reach an agreement,
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•, ืฉืื ื• ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื
15:39
that academies must reach an agreement,
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ืฉื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื,
15:42
and purge from our spelling rules
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ื•ืœื ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
15:45
all the habits we practice just for the sake of tradition,
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ื”ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื, ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ื’ื ืื ื”ื ืœื ืžืฉืจืชื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•.
15:49
even if they are useless now.
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15:51
I'm convinced that if we do that
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ืื ื™ ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืขืช ืฉืื ื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช
15:55
in the humble but extremely important realm of language,
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ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฆื ื•ืข, ืืš ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคื”,
15:59
we'll be leaving a better future to the next generations.
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ืื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ื ื—ื™ืœ ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื
ืขืชื™ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
16:04
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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