Karina Galperin: Should we simplify spelling? (with English subtitles) | TED

71,868 views ใƒป 2017-04-06

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Tomรกs Guarna Reviewer: Sebastian Betti
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Enji Mitchel ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
We lost a lot of time at school learning spelling.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
Kids are still losing a lot of time at school with spelling.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
That's why I want to share a question with you:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
Do we need new spelling rules?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”?
00:33
I believe that yes, we do.
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์˜ˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
Or even better, I think we need to simplify the ones we already have.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
Neither the question nor the answer are new in the Spanish language.
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์ˆ˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋‹ต์ด ๋…ผ์˜๋˜์–ด ์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
00:45
They have been bouncing around from century to century
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ต์ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
since 1492, when in the first grammar guide of the Spanish language,
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๋งจ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ 1492๋…„ ์ด๋ž˜๋กœ
00:55
Antonio de Nebrija, set a clear and simple principle for our spelling:
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์•ˆํ† ๋‹ˆ์˜ค ๋“œ ๋„ค๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์•ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จ๋ช…๋ฃŒํ•œ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ• ์›์น™์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
"... thus, we have to write words as we pronounce them,
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"...๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์Œ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์„ ์จ์•ผํ•˜๊ณ 
01:03
and pronounce words as we write them."
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์“ฐ์—ฌ์ง„๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค."
01:06
Each sound was to correspond to one letter,
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธ€์ž ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
01:09
each letter was to represent a single sound,
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๊ธ€์ž ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ ๋‚ด๋„๋ก ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:12
and those which did not represent any sound should be removed.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ธ€์ž์ด๋“  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฑฐ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
This approach, the phonetic approach,
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์ด๋Ÿฐํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ์ฆ‰, ์Œ์„ฑํ•™์  ์ ‘๊ทผ
01:21
which says we have to write words as we pronounce them,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์Œ ๋‚˜๋Š”๋Œ€๋กœ ์จ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ‘๊ทผ์€
01:25
both is and isn't at the root of spelling as we practice it today.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์— ๊ทผ์›์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
It is, because the Spanish language, in contrast to English, French or others,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
์˜์–ด๋‚˜ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ํ˜น์€
01:36
always strongly resisted writing words too differently
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๊ทธ๋ฐ–์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ
์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฐœ์Œ๊ณผ ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ์—ฌ ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
to how we pronounce them.
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01:43
But the phonetic approach is also absent today,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์Œ์„ฑํ•™์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
because when, in the 18th century, we decided how we would standardize
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, 18 ์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋ฌด๋ ต, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ๋ฌด๋ ต
01:48
our writing,
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01:50
there was another approach which guided a good part of the decisions.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
It was the etymological approach,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด์›ํ•™์  ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
01:57
the one that says we have to write words
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๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์›์ด ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด๋ƒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์–ด๋ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
01:59
according to how they were written in their original language,
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์ฆ‰ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์›์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
in Latin, in Greek.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
02:04
That's how we ended up with silent H's, which we write but don't pronounce.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” H๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌต์Œ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:08
That's how we have B's and V's that, contrary to what many people believe,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ
์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด ๋ฐœ์Œ์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐœ์Œ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š”
02:14
were never differentiated in Spanish pronunciation.
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B ์™€ V ๋ชจ๋‘ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‹จ์–ด์— ์“ฐ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
That's how we wound up with G's,
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G๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด "gente" ์˜ G ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
02:20
that are sometimes aspirated, as in "gente,"
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02:23
and other times unaspirated, as in "gato."
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๊ธฐ์„ฑ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, "gato" ์˜ G ๋ฐœ์Œ์€ ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
That's how we ended up with C's, S's and Z's,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋กœ, ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—” ํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ, ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—” ๋‘ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ์ƒ์‘ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
02:29
three letters that in some places correspond to one sound,
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์„ธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์—๋Š” ์ƒ์‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ C, S, Z ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์€
02:33
and in others, to two, but nowhere to three.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:37
I'm not here to tell you anything you don't know from your own experience.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
02:43
We all went to school,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ
02:46
we all invested big amounts of learning time,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•œ ๋‘๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ์Ÿ์•„ ๋ถ€์–ด
02:50
big amounts of pliant, childlike brain time
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๋ฐ›์•„์“ฐ๊ธฐ, ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•, ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„
02:55
in dictation,
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์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์— ํ•ด๋‹น ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋“ค์„ ์™ธ์šฐ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:57
in the memorization of spelling rules filled, nevertheless, with exceptions.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
We were told in many ways, implicitly and explicitly,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์•”์‹œ์ ์ด๋“  ๋ช…์‹œ์ ์ด๋“ 
03:06
that in spelling, something fundamental to our upbringing was at stake.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ• ๊ต์œก์—
๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
Yet, I have the feeling
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ
03:15
that teachers didn't ask themselves why it was so important.
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์™œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
In fact, they didn't ask themselves a previous question:
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ
03:22
What is the purpose of spelling?
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์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ๋ฌด์—ˆ์ธ์ง€
03:25
What do we need spelling for?
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์™œ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
And the truth is, when someone asks themselves this question,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
๊ทธ ๋‹ต์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋“ค์—ฌ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ
03:33
the answer is much simpler and less momentous
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03:36
than we'd usually believe.
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
We use spelling to unify the way we write, so we can all write the same way,
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์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ๋”
ํ†ต์ผํ™” ์‹œ์ผœ์ฃผ๊ณ 
03:45
making it easier for us to understand when we read to each other.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฝ์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
But unlike in other aspects of language such as punctuation,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ดํ•™์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด
๊ตฌ๋‘์ ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ
03:55
in spelling, there's no individual expression involved.
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์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์—๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ •์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
In punctuation, there is.
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๊ตฌ๋‘์ ์—๋Š” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
With punctuation, I can choose to change the meaning of a phrase.
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๊ตฌ๋‘์ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
With punctuation, I can impose a particular rhythm to what I am writing,
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ ๊ตฌ๋‘์ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
but not with spelling.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
When it comes to spelling, it's either wrong or right,
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๋งž๋“  ํ‹€๋ฆฌ๋“ , ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์€
04:19
according to whether it conforms or not to the current rules.
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ํ˜„ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋งž๊ณ  ํ‹€๋ฆผ์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
But then, wouldn't it be more sensible to simplify the current rules
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํ˜„ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ
04:28
so it would be easier to teach, learn and use spelling correctly?
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ธฐ๋„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด์น˜์ ์ด ์•„๋‹๊นŒ์š”?
04:35
Wouldn't it be more sensible to simplify the current rules
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๋˜ํ•œ, ํ˜„ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
04:40
so that all the time we devote today to teaching spelling,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š๋ผ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
04:45
we could devote to other language issues
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๋” ์ด์น˜์ ์ด ์•„๋‹๊นŒ์š”?
04:48
whose complexities do, in fact, deserve the time and effort?
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์„๋งŒ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
04:54
What I propose is not to abolish spelling,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ 
04:59
and have everyone write however they want.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๋Œ€๋กœ ์“ฐ์ž๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
Language is a tool of common usage,
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์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ ์ด๋ฉฐ
05:07
and so I believe it's fundamental that we use it following common criteria.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
But I also find it fundamental
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ
05:15
that those common criteria be as simple as possible,
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„
05:19
especially because if we simplify our spelling,
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์–ธ์–ด์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ
05:23
we're not leveling it down;
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๋ช…์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
when spelling is simplified,
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์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๋˜
05:29
the quality of the language doesn't suffer at all.
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์–ธ์–ด์˜ ์งˆ์€ ์ข‹์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:33
I work every day with Spanish Golden Age literature,
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์ €๋Š” ํ™ฉ๊ธˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋ฌธํ•™์„ ๋งค์ผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
I read Garcilaso, Cervantes, Gรณngora, Quevedo,
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๊ฐˆ๋ฆด๋ผ์†Œ, ์„ธ๋ฅด๋ฐ˜๋–ผ, ๊ณค๊ณ ๋ผ, ํ€˜๋ฒ ๋„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉด
05:41
who sometimes write "hombre" without H,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€, ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” "hombre" ๋ฅผ h ์—†์ด ์“ฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
05:44
sometimes write "escribir" with V,
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” "escribir" ๋ฅผ v ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์“ฐ์ฃ .
05:47
and it's absolutely clear to me
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด
05:50
that the difference between those texts and ours is one of convention,
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ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ด€๋ก€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€๋ก€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜
05:55
or rather, a lack of convention during their time.
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๋ฏธํกํ•œ ์ง€์‹์ด์ง€, ์งˆ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
But it's not a difference of quality.
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06:02
But let me go back to the masters,
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์•ž์„œ ๋งํ•œ ๋ฌธํ•™์˜ ๋Œ€์žฅ๋“ค ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„ ๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:04
because they're key characters in this story.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ธ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
Earlier, I mentioned this slightly thoughtless insistence
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์•ž์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด
06:13
with which teachers pester and pester us
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋•Œ
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ดด๋กญํ˜”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์†”ํ•œ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
over spelling.
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06:17
But the truth is, things being as they are,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ €์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์€
06:21
this makes perfect sense.
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์ด์น˜์— ๋“ค์–ด ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
In our society, spelling serves as an index of privilege,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ, ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์€ ์ธ๋ฑ์Šค ํŠน๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ
๊ทธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
separating the cultured from the brute, the educated from the ignorant,
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๊ต์–‘์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ต์œก๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„
06:33
independent of the content that's being written.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€๋ ค๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
06:38
One can get or not get a job
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง์—…์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š๋ƒ ๋ชป๊ฐ–๋Š๋ƒ๊ฐ€
06:41
because of an H that one put or did not.
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๋ฌต์Œ์˜ H์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
One can become an object of public ridicule
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณต์ค‘์˜ ๋น„์›ƒ์Œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
because of a misplaced B.
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B๋ฅผ ์ž˜๋ชป ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:50
Therefore, in this context,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
06:52
of course, it makes sense to dedicate all this time to spelling.
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์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ฉ๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
06:57
But we shouldn't forget
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
07:00
that throughout the history of our language,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
07:02
it has always been teachers
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๊ธ€๋“ค์ด ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด๋“ 
07:04
or people involved in the early learning of language
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์–ธ์–ด ๊ต์œก์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค
07:08
who promoted spelling reforms,
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์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ• ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ์ด‰๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋˜
07:10
who realized that in our spelling there was often an obstacle
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์‹์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์ด
์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ดํ•ด ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์žŠ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
to the transmission of knowledge.
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07:17
In our case, for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
07:19
Sarmiento, together with Andrรฉs Bello, spearheaded the biggest spelling reform
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์•ˆ๋“œ๋ ˆ์Šค ๋ฒจ๋กœ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฅด๋ฏธ์—”ํ† , ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด์— ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก์€
๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ• ๊ฐœํ˜์— ์•ž์žฅ์„ฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
to take place in the Spanish language:
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07:27
the mid-19th century Chilean reform.
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19์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜ ์น ๋ ˆ๊ฐœํ˜
07:33
Then, why not take over the task of those teachers
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์™œ ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์˜ ์ง์„ ๋œ์–ด์ฃผ๊ณ 
07:38
and start making progress in our spelling?
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์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:41
Here, in this intimate group of 10,000,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์นœ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
I'd like to bring to the table
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ํ† ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ํ•ฉ๋‹นํ•œ
07:46
some changes that I find reasonable to start discussing.
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๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
Let's remove the silent H.
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์ž, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ฌต์Œ H๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ œํ•ด ๋ณด์ฃ .
07:54
In places where we write an H but pronounce nothing,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋ฌต์Œ H๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ์ด๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜๊ณ 
07:59
let's not write anything.
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์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:00
(Applause)
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08:01
It's hard for me to imagine what sentimental attachment
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ €์—๊ฒ ๋ฌต์Œ H ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ƒ๊ธด ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ์ •๋‹นํ™” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
08:04
can justify to someone all the hassle caused by the silent H.
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๊ฐ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์• ์ฐฉ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ž€ ์•„์ฃผ ํž˜๋“  ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
08:09
B and V, as we said before,
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B ์™€ V, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ „์— ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
08:11
were never differentiated in the Spanish language --
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์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‘˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ
08:14
(Applause)
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๋ฐœ์Œ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
Let's choose one; it could be either. We can discuss it, talk it over.
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜) ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ๊ณจ๋ผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ† ์˜ํ•ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
08:19
Everyone will have their preferences and can make their arguments.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:22
Let's keep one, remove the other.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋Š” ์—†์•  ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
08:25
G and J, let's separate their roles.
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G ์™€ J, ๋‘˜์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ  ๋ณด์ฃ .
08:28
G should keep the unaspirated sound, like in "gato," "mago," and "รกguila,"
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G ๋Š” "gato', "mago', "รกguila' ์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์Œ์„
08:33
and J should keep the aspirated sound,
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๋ฐ›๋“œ์‹œ ๋‚ด์•ผํ•˜๊ณ , J ๋Š” " jarabe", "jirafa",
08:36
as in "jarabe," "jirafa," "gente," "argentino."
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"gente", "argentino" ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ธฐ์Œ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋‚ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:42
The case of C, S and Z is interesting,
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C, S, Z์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์ข€ ํŠน์ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
because it shows that the phonetic approach must be a guide,
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์ด๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์Œ์„ฑํ•™์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
08:51
but it can't be an absolute principle.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ๋˜ํ•œ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์›์น™์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€์š”.
08:54
In some cases, the differences in pronunciation must be addressed.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ฐœ์Œ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ ๋ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์–ด์š”.
08:59
As I said before, C, S and Z,
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์•ž์„œ ๋งํ•œ๋Œ€๋กœ, C, S ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Z๋Š”
09:02
in some places, correspond to one sound, in others to two.
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์“ฐ์ธ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‘ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์ฃ .
09:05
If we go from three letters to two, we're all better off.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์•ŒํŒŒ๋ฒณ์—์„œ ๋‘ ์•ŒํŒŒ๋ฒณ์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์ด๋ฉด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋‚ซ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
09:12
To some, these changes may seem a bit drastic.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋“ค์ด ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:16
They're really not.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
09:19
The Royal Spanish Academy, all of language academies,
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๋กœ์–„ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์–ธ์–ด ํ•™๊ต๋Š”
09:22
also believes that spelling should be progressively modified;
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๋˜ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์ด ์ ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ •๋˜์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ •๋˜์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:27
that language is linked to history, tradition and custom,
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์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ, ์ „ํ†ต ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ด€์Šต๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
09:32
but that at the same time, it is a practical everyday tool
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๊ทธ์™€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์ผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ๋„๊ตฌ์ด๊ณ 
09:36
and that sometimes this attachment to history, tradition and custom
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ, ์ „ํ†ต ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ด€์Šต์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์• ์ฐฉ์ด
09:41
becomes an obstacle for its current usage.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:47
Indeed, this explains the fact
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์ฐธ์œผ๋กœ, ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€
09:49
that our language, much more than the others we are geographically close to,
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๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ
09:56
has been historically modifying itself based on us,
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ •๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์˜ˆ๋กœ, "ortographia" ๋ฅผ "ortografia"๋กœ
10:00
for example, we went from "ortographia" to "ortografรญa,"
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10:03
from "theatro" to "teatro," from "quantidad" to "cantidad,"
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"theatro"๋ฅผ "teatro"๋กœ,
"quantidad'๋ฅผ "cantidad"๋กœ
10:07
from "symbolo" to "sรญmbolo."
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"symbols"๋ฅผ "simbolo"๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
And some silent H's are slowly being stealthily removed:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ช‡๋ช‡์˜ ๋ฌต์Œ H๋ฅผ ๋กœ์–„ ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ ์‚ฌ์ „์—์„œ
10:15
in the Dictionary of the Royal Academy,
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์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
"arpa" and "armonรญa" can be written with or without an H.
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"arpa" ์™€ "armonia"๋Š”
H๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์•ˆ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ฃ .
10:23
And everybody is OK.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:27
I also believe
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ํ† ๋ก ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ
10:30
that this is a particularly appropriate moment to have this discussion.
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์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์–ด์š”.
10:37
It's always said that language changes spontaneously,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ ์œ„๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ฃ .
10:41
from the bottom up,
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10:43
that its users are the ones who incorporate new words
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์ ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒˆ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ
10:46
and who introduce grammatical changes,
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค
10:49
and that the authority -- in some places an academy,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ถŒ์œ„๊ฐ€, ์–ด๋–ค ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„
10:53
in others a dictionary, in others a ministry --
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „์ผ์ˆ˜๋„, ํ–‰์ •๊ด€์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”
10:57
accepts and incorporates them long after the fact.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋“ค์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ํ˜‘์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
11:02
This is true only for some levels of language.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ๋ช‡ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋“ค์ผ ๋ฟ ์ด์—์š”.
11:06
It is true on the lexical level, the level of words.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์—์š” ์‚ฌ์ „์  ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ, ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€
11:09
It is less true on the grammatical level,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์  ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„  ๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์—์š”.
11:12
and I would almost say it is not true for the spelling level,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ• ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„  ์ „ํ˜€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
11:16
that has historically changed from the top down.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์€ ์œ„์—์„œ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
11:21
Institutions have always been the ones to establish the rules
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์ธ์Šคํ‹ฐํˆฌ์…˜๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ œ์ •ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์•ž์žฅ์„œ ์™”์–ด์š”.
11:25
and propose changes.
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11:28
Why do I say this is a particularly appropriate moment?
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์™œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
11:33
Until today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๊นŒ์ง€
11:35
writing always had a much more restricted and private use than speech.
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๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ œ์•ฝ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์–ด์š”.
11:41
But in our time, the age of social networks,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์‹œ๋Œ€์—, ์†Œ์…œ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ƒˆ๋Œ€์—
11:46
this is going through a revolutionary change.
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๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
11:50
Never before have people written so much;
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์ „๋ก€์—†์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
11:53
never before have people written for so many others to see.
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์ „๋ก€์—†์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:58
And in these social networks, for the first time,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์†Œ์…œ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ
12:01
we're seeing innovative uses of spelling on a large scale,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
12:06
where even more-than-educated people with impeccable spelling,
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ต์œก์ž ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„
12:11
when using social networks,
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์†Œ์…œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ๋•Œ๋Š”
12:13
behave a lot like the majority of users of social networks behave.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์†Œ์…œ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„์—†์ด ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜์ฃ .
๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์†Œํ†ตํ• ๋•Œ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์„ ์ฒตํฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค
12:19
That is to say, they slack on spell-checking
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12:22
and prioritize speed and efficacy in communication.
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์†๋„๋‚˜ ํšจ๋Šฅ์„ ์šฐ์„ ์‹œ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
12:28
For now, on social networks, we see chaotic, individual usages.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์†Œ์…œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜ผ๋ˆ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋“ค์„ ๋ด์š”.
12:33
But I think we have to pay attention to them,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์—์„ธ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
12:36
because they're probably telling us
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ
12:38
that an era that designates a new place for writing
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์ƒˆ ํ‘œ์ค€์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š”
12:43
seeks new criteria for that writing.
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์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
12:48
I think we'd be wrong to reject them, to discard them,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํฐ ์ž˜ ๋ชป์ด์—์š”.
12:53
because we identify them as symptoms of the cultural decay of our times.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜
๋ฌธํ™”์  ํ‡ด๋ณด ์ฆ์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
12:58
No, I believe we have to observe them, organize them and channel them
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์•„๋‹ˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋Œ๋ ค ์ง€์นจ์ด๋‚ด์—์„œ
13:03
within guidelines that better correspond to the needs of our times.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋” ์ž˜ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์–ด์š”.
13:10
I can anticipate some objections.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
13:15
There will be those who'll say
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ„์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด์›์„ ์žƒ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
13:16
that if we simplify spelling we'll lose etymology.
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13:22
Strictly speaking, if we wanted to preserve etymology,
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๋งํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. ์—„๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด
13:25
it would go beyond just spelling.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด์›์„ ๋ณด์กดํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ• ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ฃ .
13:28
We'd also have to learn Latin, Greek, Arabic.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์–ด, ์•„๋ž์–ด๋“ค์„ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
13:33
With simplified spelling,
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๊ฐ„์†Œํ™”๋œ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ, ์–ด์›์  ์‚ฌ์ „์— ์žˆ๋Š”
13:35
we would normalize etymology in the same place we do now:
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์–ด์›์„ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
13:40
in etymological dictionaries.
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13:43
A second objection will come from those who say:
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋Š”, "๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ„์†Œํ™” ํ•˜๋ฉด
13:46
"If we simplify spelling, we'll stop distinguishing
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ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฒ ์ž๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
๊ทธ๋งŒ ๋‘˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”." ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ฌ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
13:50
between words that differ in just one letter."
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13:54
That is true, but it's not a problem.
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๋งž๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ , ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
13:58
Our language has homonyms, words with more than one meaning,
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์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋™์Œ ์ด์˜์–ด๋“ค, ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ ๋‹จ์–ด
14:03
yet we don't confuse the "banco" where we sit
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•‰๋Š” "banco"์™€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ์„ ์˜ˆ๊ธˆํ•˜๋Š” "banco"๋ฅผ
14:06
with the "banco" where we deposit money,
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14:08
or the "traje" that we wear with the things we "trajimos."
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ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ ค ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”. ๋˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋Š” "traje"์™€ "trajimos"
14:11
In the vast majority of situations, context dispels any confusion.
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๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ฃ . ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„  ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜ผ๋™๋„ ์ซ“์•„๋ฒ„๋ ค์š”.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
14:19
But there's a third objection.
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14:23
To me,
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์ €์—๊ฒ, ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ดํ•ดํ• ๋งŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
14:26
it's the most understandable, even the most moving.
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14:30
It's the people who'll say: "I don't want to change.
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
14:34
I was brought up like this, I got used to doing it this way,
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ ์ž๋ผ์™”๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ํŽธํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
14:38
when I read a written word in simplified spelling, my eyes hurt."
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์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๊ฐ„์†Œํ™”๋œ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ˆˆ์ด ์•„ํŒŒ์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
14:44
(Laughter)
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14:46
This objection is, in part, in all of us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ด์ฃ .
14:52
What do I think we should do?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?
14:53
The same thing that's always done in these cases:
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์ด๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ–‰ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ, ์ฆ‰
14:56
changes are made looking forward; children are taught the new rules,
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๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”;
์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ , ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›์น˜์•Š๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์ค‘ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š”
15:01
those of us who don't want to adapt can write the way we're used to writing,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์˜จ ๋ฐฉ์‹๋Œ€๋กœ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
15:06
and hopefully, time will cement the new rules in place.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ œ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์žก๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
15:11
The success of every spelling reform that affects deeply rooted habits
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๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šต๊ด€์— ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ•์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ• ๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์€
15:17
lies in caution, agreement, gradualism and tolerance.
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์ฃผ์˜, ๋™์˜, ์ ์ง„, ๊ด€์šฉ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
15:23
At the same time, can't allow the attachment to old customs
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๊ทธ์™€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง„๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”
15:27
impede us from moving forward.
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์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ด€์Šต์— ์ง‘์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋ผ์š”.
15:30
The best tribute we can pay to the past
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ’์ง„ ์ฐฌ์‚ฌ๋Š”
15:34
is to improve upon what it's given us.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
15:37
So I believe that we must reach an agreement,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
15:39
that academies must reach an agreement,
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์ „ํ†ต ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹คํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์Šต๊ด€๋“ค์„
15:42
and purge from our spelling rules
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•์—์„œ ๊นจ๋—์ด ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์ž๋Š” ์˜๊ฒฌ์— ๋™์˜ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:45
all the habits we practice just for the sake of tradition,
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15:49
even if they are useless now.
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15:51
I'm convinced that if we do that
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์ €, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ž˜๊ฒƒ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ
15:55
in the humble but extremely important realm of language,
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15:59
we'll be leaving a better future to the next generations.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ธธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:04
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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