The most important thing you can do to fight climate change: talk about it | Katharine Hayhoe

212,912 views ใƒป 2019-01-11

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Reviewer: Camille Martรญnez
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Shlomo Adam ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
00:12
It was my first year as an atmospheric science professor
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ื–ื” ืงืจื” ื‘ืฉื ืชื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื›ืžืจืฆื” ืœืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื”
00:16
at Texas Tech University.
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ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืงืกืก.
00:18
We had just moved to Lubbock, Texas,
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ื–ื” ืขืชื” ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืœืœื•ื‘ื•ืง ืฉื‘ื˜ืงืกืก,
00:20
which had recently been named the second most conservative city
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ืฉื”ื•ื›ืชืจื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืขื™ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืฉืžืจื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
00:24
in the entire United States.
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00:26
A colleague asked me to guest teach his undergraduate geology class.
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ืขืžื™ืช ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื™ ืœืœืžื“ ื›ืžืจืฆื”-ืื•ืจื—ืช ืืช ื›ื™ืชืช ื”ื’ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื• ืœืชื•ืืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
00:30
I said, "Sure."
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ืืžืจืชื™, "ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื”",
00:32
But when I showed up, the lecture hall was cavernous and dark.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืื•ืœื ื”ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ืš ื•ืงื•ื“ืจ.
00:36
As I tracked the history of the carbon cycle
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ื›ืฉืชื™ืืจืชื™ ืืช ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืคื—ื
00:38
through geologic time to present day,
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ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื™ื“ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื“ ื™ืžื™ื ื•,
00:41
most of the students were slumped over, dozing or looking at their phones.
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืกืจื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื”ื, ื ืžื ืžื• ืื• ื‘ื”ื• ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
00:46
I ended my talk with a hopeful request for any questions.
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ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ื‘ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืžืœืืช-ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืœืฉืืœื•ืช.
00:49
And one hand shot up right away.
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ื•ื™ื“ ืื—ืช ื”ื•ื ืคื” ืžื™ื“ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
00:53
I looked encouraging, he stood up, and in a loud voice, he said,
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ื”ื‘ื˜ืชื™ ืœืฉื ืžืขื•ื“ื“ืช, ื”ื•ื ื ืขืžื“, ื•ืืžืจ ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื,
00:57
"You're a democrat, aren't you?"
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"ืืช ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?"
00:59
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:02
"No," I said, "I'm Canadian."
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"ืœื," ืืžืจืชื™. "ืื ื™ ืงื ื“ื™ืช."
01:04
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:06
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
01:13
That was my baptism by fire
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ื–ืืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉ ืฉืœื™
01:15
into what has now become a sad fact of life here in the United States
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ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ืคืš ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ืช-ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืฆื•ื‘ื” ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘,
ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื ื‘ืงื ื“ื”.
01:19
and increasingly across Canada as well.
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01:22
The fact that the number one predictor
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžื ื‘ื ืžืก' 1
01:24
of whether we agree that climate is changing,
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ืื ืื ื• ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืืงืœื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื”,
01:27
humans are responsible
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ืฉื”ืื“ื ืื—ืจืื™ ืœื›ืš
01:28
and the impacts are increasingly serious and even dangerous,
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ื•ืฉื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืžื™ืจื•ืช ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืกื›ื ื”,
01:32
has nothing to do with how much we know about science or even how smart we are
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ืœื ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืžื” ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืข ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื›ืžื” ืื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื,
01:36
but simply where we fall on the political spectrum.
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ืืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื ื• ื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช.
01:41
Does the thermometer give us a different answer
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ื”ืื ื”ืžื“ื—ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื’ ืœื ื• ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉื•ื ื”
01:43
depending on if we're liberal or conservative?
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ืื ืื ื• ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืื• ืฉืžืจื ื™ื™ื?
ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื.
01:46
Of course not.
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01:48
But if that thermometer tells us that the planet is warming,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื“ื—ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ื• ืฉื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ืžืชื—ืžื,
01:52
that humans are responsible
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ืฉื”ืื“ื ืื—ืจืื™ ืœื›ืš
01:55
and that to fix this thing,
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ื•ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื–ื”
01:56
we have to wean ourselves off fossil fuels as soon as possible --
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื’ืžืœ ืžื“ืœืงื™ ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžื”ืจ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ --
02:01
well, some people would rather cut off their arm
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืขื“ื™ืคื• ืœื›ืจื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ื™ื“
02:04
than give the government any further excuse
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ืžืืฉืจ ืœืกืคืง ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ื ื•ืกืฃ
02:06
to disrupt their comfortable lives and tell them what to do.
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ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื”ื ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
02:10
But saying, "Yes, it's a real problem, but I don't want to fix it,"
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื ืืžืจ, "ื›ืŸ, ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืืš ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืชืงื ื”,"
02:14
that makes us the bad guy, and nobody wants to be the bad guy.
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ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจืขื™ื, ื•ืื™ืฉ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืจืขื™ื.
02:18
So instead, we use arguments like, "It's just a natural cycle."
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ืื– ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ื›ืžื•, "ื–ื”ื• ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™."
02:23
"It's the sun."
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"ื–ืืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ."
02:24
Or my favorite,
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ื•ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™,
02:25
"Those climate scientists are just in it for the money."
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"ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืจืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื›ืกืฃ."
02:28
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:30
I get that at least once a week.
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ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืขืช ืืช ื–ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืื—ืช ืœืฉื‘ื•ืข.
02:34
But these are just sciencey-sounding smoke screens,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื”ื ืจืง ืžืกื›ื™-ืขืฉืŸ ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื-ืœื›ืื•ืจื”,
02:38
that are designed to hide the real reason for our objections,
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ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืœื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
02:41
which have nothing to do with the science
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ืฉื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืžื“ืข.
02:43
and everything to do with our ideology and our identity.
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ื•ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœืื™ื“ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
02:49
So when we turn on the TV these days,
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ืื– ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”,
02:51
it seems like pundit X is saying,
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ืžืœื•ืžื“ ืื—ื“ ืื•ืžืจ,
02:53
"It's cold outside. Where is global warming now?"
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"ืงืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ. ืื™ืคื” ื”ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช?"
02:56
And politician Y is saying,
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ื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ ืื—ืจ ืื•ืžืจ,
02:58
"For every scientist who says this thing is real,
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"ืžื•ืœ ื›ืœ ืžื“ืขืŸ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืืžื™ืชื™,
03:00
I can find one who says it isn't."
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"ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื“ืขืŸ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื."
03:02
So it's no surprise that sometimes we feel like everybody is saying these myths.
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ืื– ืžื” ื”ืคืœื ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ื ื“ืžื” ืœื ื• ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื™ืชื•ืกื™ื.
03:07
But when we look at the data --
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื --
03:09
and the Yale Program on Climate [Change] Communication
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ื•ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืกื‘ืจืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื™ื™ืœ
03:12
has done public opinion polling across the country now for a number of years --
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ืžื ื”ืœืช ืžืฉืืœ ื“ืขืช-ืงื”ืœ ืืจืฆื™ ืžื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื --
ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, 70% ืžืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืืจื”"ื‘ ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื
03:16
the data shows that actually 70 percent of people in the United States agree
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03:20
that the climate is changing.
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ืฉื”ืืงืœื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื”,
03:22
And 70 percent also agree that it will harm plants and animals,
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ื•-70% ื’ื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ืคื’ืข ื‘ื—ื™ ื•ื‘ืฆื•ืžื—
03:25
and it will harm future generations.
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ื•ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื.
03:28
But then when we dig down a bit deeper, the rubber starts to hit the road.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืžืชืขืžืงื™ื ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื.
03:33
Only about 60 percent of people think it will affect people in the United States.
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ืจืง ื›-60% ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
03:39
Only 40 percent of people think it will affect us personally.
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ืจืง 40% ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ืฉืคื™ืข "ืขืœื™, ืื™ืฉื™ืช".
03:44
And then when you ask people, "Do you ever talk about this?"
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ื•ื›ืฉืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื, "ืืชื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”?"
03:48
two-thirds of people in the entire United States say, "Never."
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ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื”"ื‘ ืขื•ื ื™ื, "ืืฃ ืคืขื."
03:54
And even worse, when you say, "Do you hear the media talk about this?"
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ื•ื—ืžื•ืจ ืžื›ืš, ื›ืฉืฉื•ืืœื™ื, "ืืชื” ืฉื•ืžืข ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช?"
03:58
Over three-quarters of people say no.
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ืžืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืจื‘ืขื™ื ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœื.
04:02
So it's a vicious cycle.
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ืื– ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขื’ืœ ืงืกืžื™ื.
04:05
The planet warms.
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ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ืžืชื—ืžื.
04:07
Heat waves get stronger.
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ื’ืœื™ ื”ื—ื•ื ืžืชื—ื–ืงื™ื.
04:08
Heavy precipitation gets more frequent.
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ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ื”ืžืฉืงืขื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืชื›ื•ืคื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:10
Hurricanes get more intense.
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ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ืงื ื™ื ืžืชืขืฆืžื™ื.
04:12
Scientists release yet another doom-filled report.
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ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืžืคืจืกืžื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื“ื•"ื— ืžืœื ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืžื”.
04:16
Politicians push back even more strongly,
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ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื ืื‘ืงื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื–ืง,
04:19
repeating the same sciencey-sounding myths.
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ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ืชื ืžื™ืชื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฆืœื™ืœ ืžื“ืขื™.
04:23
What can we do to break this vicious cycle?
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ืžื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืืช ืžืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืงืกืžื™ื ื”ื–ื”?
04:27
The number one thing we can do is the exact thing that we're not doing:
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื:
04:32
talk about it.
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ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
04:34
But you might say, "I'm not a scientist.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ืชืืžืจื•, "ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื“ืขืŸ,
04:36
How am I supposed to talk about radiative forcing
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"ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ืืžื•ืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืœื•ืฅ ืงืจื™ื ืชื™,
04:39
or cloud parametrization in climate models?"
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"ืขืœ ืคืจืžื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื™ืช ืขื ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืืงืœื™ืžื™ื™ื?"
04:42
We don't need to be talking about more science;
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ืื™ื ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžื“ืขื™ืช;
04:45
we've been talking about the science for over 150 years.
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ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžื“ืขื™ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-150 ืฉื ื”.
04:48
Did you know that it's been 150 years or more since the 1850s,
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ื”ื™ื“ืขืชื ืฉื—ืœืคื• 150 ืฉื ื” ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื– ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-50 ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-19,
04:54
when climate scientists first discovered
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ื›ืฉืžื“ืขื ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื’ื™ืœื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”
04:56
that digging up and burning coal and gas and oil
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ืฉื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ืฉืจื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืคื—ื, ื’ื– ื•ื ืคื˜
04:59
is producing heat-trapping gases
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ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื’ื–ื™ื ืœื•ื›ื“ื™-ื—ื•ื
05:01
that is wrapping an extra blanket around the planet?
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ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ื›ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ?
05:04
That's how long we've known.
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ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื™ืฉืŸ.
05:05
It's been 50 years since scientists first formally warned a US president
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ื—ืœืคื• 50 ืฉื ื” ืžืื– ืฉื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื• ืจืฉืžื™ืช ืืช ื ืฉื™ื ืืจื”"ื‘
05:10
of the dangers of a changing climate,
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืกื›ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื,
05:11
and that president was Lyndon B. Johnson.
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ื•ืื•ืชื• ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘' ื’'ื•ื ืกื•ืŸ.
05:15
And what's more, the social science has taught us
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ื–ื”, ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื ื•
05:18
that if people have built their identity on rejecting a certain set of facts,
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ืฉืื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”ื•ืชื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื“ื—ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช,
05:24
then arguing over those facts is a personal attack.
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ื”ื ื™ืจืื• ื‘ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืืœื” ื”ืชืงืคื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช.
05:29
It causes them to dig in deeper,
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ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ื ืœื”ืชื—ืคืจ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขืžื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื,
05:31
and it digs a trench, rather than building a bridge.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืชืขืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื ื”, ื•ืœื ื’ืฉืจื™ื.
05:36
So if we aren't supposed to talk about more science,
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ืื– ืื ืœื ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉื ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžื“ืขื™ืช,
05:38
or if we don't need to talk about more science,
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ื•ืื ืœื ืจืฆื•ื™ ืฉื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ืžื“ืข,
05:41
then what should we be talking about?
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ืขืœ ืžื” ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉื ื“ื‘ืจ?
05:43
The most important thing to do is,
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
05:44
instead of starting up with your head, with all the data and facts in our head,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื›ืœื™, ืขื ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืจืืฉ,
05:48
to start from the heart,
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ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื”ืœื‘,
05:50
to start by talking about why it matters to us,
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ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืชืืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื•,
05:55
to begin with genuinely shared values.
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ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืขืจื›ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื‘ืืžืช.
05:59
Are we both parents?
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ื”ืื ืืชื” ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ื?
06:01
Do we live in the same community?
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ื”ืื ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”?
06:03
Do we enjoy the same outdoor activities: hiking, biking, fishing, even hunting?
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ื”ืื ืื ื• ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžืื•ืชืŸ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข:
ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื, ืจื›ื™ื‘ืช ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื, ื“ื™ื’ ื•ืืฃ ืฆื™ื“?
06:10
Do we care about the economy or national security?
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ื”ืื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื• ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืื• ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™?
06:13
For me, one of the most foundational ways I found to connect with people
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ืืฆืœื™, ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื
ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื“ืช ืฉืœื™.
06:17
is through my faith.
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06:18
As a Christian, I believe that God created this incredible planet that we live on
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ื›ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื”, ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื ืืช ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœื ื•
06:22
and gave us responsibility over every living thing on it.
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ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื™ ื‘ื•.
06:27
And I furthermore believe that we are to care for and love
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ื•ืื ื™ ื’ื ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื•ืื”ื‘ื”
06:30
the least fortunate among us,
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ืœืžื™ ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืคืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžื–ืœื,
06:31
those who are already suffering the impacts of poverty,
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ืืœื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืขืชื” ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืขื•ื ื™, ืจืขื‘, ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“.
06:34
hunger, disease and more.
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06:37
If you don't know what the values are that someone has,
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ืื ืื™ื ื›ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืขืจื›ื™ื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•,
06:40
have a conversation, get to know them, figure out what makes them tick.
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ืคื™ืชื—ื• ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื”, ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื•, ื’ืœื• ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื•.
06:45
And then once we have,
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ื•ืื–,
06:47
all we have to do is connect the dots between the values they already have
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ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ืœื ื• ืจืง ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื•
06:52
and why they would care about a changing climate.
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ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืื’ ืžืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
06:55
I truly believe, after thousands of conversations that I've had
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืืžื™ื ื”, ืื—ืจื™ ืืœืคื™ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื”ืœืชื™
06:59
over the past decade and more,
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ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ื•,
07:01
that just about every single person in the world
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ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืขืœื™ ืื“ืžื•ืช
07:03
already has the values they need to care about a changing climate.
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ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืื™ื›ืคืช ืžืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
07:06
They just haven't connected the dots.
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ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื˜ืจื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ.
07:09
And that's what we can do through our conversation with them.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžืฉื•ื—ื—ื™ื ืื™ืชื•.
07:13
The only reason why I care about a changing climate
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉืื™ื›ืคืช ืœื™ ืžืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื
07:16
is because of who I already am.
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ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืื ื™.
07:18
I'm a mother, so I care about the future of my child.
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ืื ื™ ืื, ืื– ืื™ื›ืคืช ืœื™ ืžืขืชื™ื“ ื™ืœื“ื™.
07:21
I live in West Texas, where water is already scarce,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื” ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ื˜ืงืกืก, ื•ืฉื ื”ืžื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆืžืฆื•ื,
07:24
and climate change is impacting the availability of that water.
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ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
07:28
I'm a Christian, I care about a changing climate
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ืื ื™ ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื”, ื•ืื™ื›ืคืช ืœื™ ืžืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื
07:31
because it is, as the military calls it, a "threat multiplier."
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžื” ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืฆื‘ื, "ืžื›ืคื™ืœ ืื™ื•ืžื™ื."
07:35
It takes those issues,
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืืœื”,
07:36
like poverty and hunger and disease and lack of access to clean water
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ื›ืžื• ืขื•ื ื™, ืจืขื‘, ืžื—ืœื•ืช, ื”ืขื“ืจ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ื ื–ื›ื™ื
07:40
and even political crises that lead to refugee crises --
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœืžืฉื‘ืจื™ ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื --
07:44
it takes all of these issues and it exacerbates them,
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ื”ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื•ืžืขืฆื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ,
07:46
it makes them worse.
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ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ.
07:49
I'm not a Rotarian.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ "ืจื•ื˜ืจื™",
07:50
But when I gave my first talk at a Rotary Club,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ "ืจื•ื˜ืจื™",
ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉืœื˜ ืขื ืงื™ ืฉืœ "ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืืจื‘ืข ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื".
07:53
I walked in and they had this giant banner that had the Four-Way Test on it.
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07:58
Is it the truth?
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ื”ืื ื–ืืช ื”ืืžืช?
08:00
Absolutely.
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜.
08:01
Is it fair?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื•ื’ืŸ?
08:02
Heck, no, that's why I care most about climate change,
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ืื™ื›ืคืช ืœื™ ืžืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื,
08:05
because it is absolutely unfair.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ื ื™ื.
08:07
Those who have contributed the least to the problem
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ืžื™ ืฉืชืจืžื• ื”ื›ื™ ืžืขื˜ ืœื‘ืขื™ื™ื”
ื”ื ืฉื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื‘ื ื˜ืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช.
08:09
are bearing the brunt of the impacts.
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ื–ื” ื”ืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”:
08:11
It went on to ask:
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08:12
Would it be beneficial to all, would it build goodwill?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื™ืชืจื•ื ืœื›ื•ืœื, ื”ืื ื–ื” ื™ื‘ื ื” ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘?
ืื ื ืชืงืŸ ืืช ื–ื”, ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื›ืŸ.
08:15
Well, to fix it certainly would.
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08:16
So I took my talk, and I reorganized it into the Four-Way Test,
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ืื– ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ืฉืœื™ ื•ื‘ื ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ
ืœืคื™ "ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืืจื‘ืข ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื",
08:21
and then I gave it to this group of conservative businesspeople
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ื•ืื– ื ืฉืืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ืœืคื ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืื ืฉื™-ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉืžืจื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื‘-ื˜ืงืกืก.
08:24
in West Texas.
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08:26
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:27
And I will never forget at the end,
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ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืืฉื›ื— ืฉื‘ืกื•ืฃ,
08:29
a local bank owner came up to me with the most bemused look on his face.
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ื‘ื ืงืื™ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืืœื™ ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืฉื•ืขืฉืข ืžืื“
08:33
And he said, "You know, I wasn't sure about this whole global warming thing,
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ื•ืืžืจ, "ืชื“ืขื™ ืœืš ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช,
08:37
but it passed the Four-Way Test."
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"ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืขื‘ืจ ืืช ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืืจื‘ืข ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื."
08:39
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:42
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
08:50
These values, though -- they have to be genuine.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ืืœื” -- ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื.
08:53
I was giving a talk at a Christian college a number of years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžื›ืœืœื” ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช,
08:56
and after my talk, a fellow scientist came up and he said,
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ืจืฆืื”, ืžื“ืขืŸ ืขืžื™ืช ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืืœื™ ื•ืืžืจ,
08:59
"I need some help.
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"ืื ื™ ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืขื–ืจื”.
09:01
I've been really trying hard to get my foot in the door
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"ื”ืชืืžืฆืชื™ ืžืื“ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช,
09:04
with our local churches,
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09:06
but I can't seem to get any traction.
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"ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืœื™.
09:08
I want to talk to them about why climate change matters."
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"ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื”ื ืœืžื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื."
09:11
So I said, "Well, the best thing to do
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ืื– ืืžืจืชื™, "ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืชืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื”ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื“ืชื™ืช ืฉืœืš,
09:12
is to start with the denomination that you're part of,
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09:15
because you share the most values with those people.
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"ื›ื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœืš ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืขื ืฉืœื”ื.
09:18
What type of church do you attend?"
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"ืœืื™ื–ื• ื›ื ืกื™ื” ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš?"
09:20
"Oh, I don't attend any church, I'm an atheist," he said.
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"ืื”, ืื ื™ ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื•ื ื›ื ืกื™ื”. ืื ื™ ืืชืื™ืกื˜," ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ.
09:23
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:24
I said, "Well, in that case, starting with a faith community
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ืืžืจืชื™, "ื˜ื•ื‘, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื“ืชื™ืช
09:27
is probably not the best idea.
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"ืื•ืœื™ ืื™ื ื ื• ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘.
09:29
Let's talk about what you do enjoy doing, what you are involved in."
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"ืžื” ืืชื” ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ื‘ืžื” ืืชื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘?"
09:32
And we were able to identify a community group
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ื•ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ืช
ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืžื ื” ืขืœื™ื” ื•ืฉืžืžื ื” ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ.
09:35
that he was part of, that he could start with.
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09:37
The bottom line is, we don't have to be a liberal tree hugger
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ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”, ืื™ื ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื‘ืงื™-ืขืฆื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ื™ื
09:40
to care about a changing climate.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืื™ื›ืคืช ืœื ื• ืžืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
09:42
All we have to be is a human living on this planet.
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ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”.
09:46
Because no matter where we live,
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ื›ื™ ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืื™ืคื” ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื,
09:49
climate change is already affecting us today.
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื.
09:54
If we live along the coasts,
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ืื ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื—ื•ืฃ,
09:56
in many places, we're already seeing "sunny-day flooding."
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืื ื• ืขื“ื™ื ืœ"ื”ืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื™ืคื™ื".
10:02
If we live in western North America,
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ืื ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ืžืขืจื‘ ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
10:04
we're seeing much greater area being burned by wildfires.
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ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืฉืจืคื™ื.
10:09
If we live in many coastal locations,
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ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื—ื•ืฃ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื,
10:11
from the Gulf of Mexico to the South Pacific,
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ืžืžืคืจืฅ ืžืงืกื™ืงื• ื•ืขื“ ื“ืจื•ื ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜,
10:13
we are seeing stronger hurricanes, typhoons and cyclones,
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ืื ื• ืขื“ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ืงื ื™ื, ื˜ื™ื™ืคื•ื ื™ื ื•ืฆื™ืงืœื•ื ื™ื ืขื–ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
10:17
powered by a warming ocean.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก.
10:19
If we live in Texas or if we live in Syria,
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ืื ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืงืกืก ืื• ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื”,
10:22
we're seeing climate change supersize our droughts,
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ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ืžืขืฆื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
ืืช ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืชืŸ ื•ืืช ื—ื•ืžืจืชืŸ.
10:25
making them more frequent and more severe.
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10:28
Wherever we live, we're already being affected by a changing climate.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื, ืื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืชื” ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ืžืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื.
10:31
So you might say, "OK, that's good. We can talk impacts.
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ืื– ืื•ืœื™ ืชืืžืจื•, "ื˜ื•ื‘, ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช.
10:34
We can scare the pants off people, because this thing is serious."
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"ื ืคื—ื™ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืฆื™ื ื™."
10:38
And it is, believe me. I'm a scientist, I know.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืจืฆื™ื ื™, ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ืœื™. ืื ื™ ืžื“ืขื ื™ืช. ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ื–ืืช.
10:40
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:42
But fear is not what is going to motivate us
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ืคื—ื“ ื™ื ื™ืข ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœื”
10:45
for the long-term, sustained change that we need to fix this thing.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืื•ืจืš ื™ืžื™ื
ืฉื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื–ื”.
10:50
Fear is designed to help us run away from the bear.
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ื”ืคื—ื“ ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ืžื”ื“ื•ื‘.
10:54
Or just run faster than the person beside us.
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ืื• ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉืœืฆื™ื“ื ื•.
10:56
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:59
What we need to fix this thing is rational hope.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื ื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื ื• ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช.
11:04
Yes, we absolutely do need to recognize what's at stake.
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื ื— ืขืœ ื”ื›ืฃ.
11:08
Of course we do.
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ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง.
11:10
But we need a vision of a better future --
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ืื‘ืœ ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื ื• ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืชื™ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ --
11:15
a future with abundant energy,
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ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืคืข,
11:17
with a stable economy,
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ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื”,
11:19
with resources available to all,
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ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื›ืœ,
11:22
where our lives are not worse but better than they are today.
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ืฉื‘ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื•ื
ืืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:27
There are solutions.
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ื™ืฉ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช.
11:30
And that's why the second important thing that we have to talk about
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ
11:34
is solutions -- practical, viable, accessible, attractive solutions.
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ื”ื•ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช -- ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื, ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื, ื ื’ื™ืฉื™ื, ืžื•ืฉื›ื™-ืœื‘.
11:41
Like what?
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ื›ืžื•?
11:42
Well, there's no silver bullet, as they say,
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื™ืŸ ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ืงืกื ืื—ื“, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื
11:44
but there's plenty of silver buckshot.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื•ืช.
11:47
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:50
There's simple solutions that save us money
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ื™ืฉ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื ืœื ื• ื›ืกืฃ
11:52
and reduce our carbon footprint at the same time.
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ืžืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืจื’ืœ ื”ืคื—ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
11:55
Yes, light bulbs.
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
11:57
I love my plug-in car.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช ืฉืœื™.
11:59
I'd like some solar shingles.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉืžื—ื” ืœืจืขืคื™ื ืกื•ืœืจื™ื™ื.
12:02
But imagine if every home came with a switch beside the front door,
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ืืš ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืคืกืง ืœื™ื“ ื“ืœืช ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื”,
12:07
that when you left the house, you could turn off everything except your fridge.
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ื•ื›ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืžื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ ืœืžืงืจืจ.
12:10
And maybe the DVR.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ื”ืžืžื™ืจ.
12:12
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:13
Lifestyle choices: eating local, eating lower down the food chain
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ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื:
ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืงื•ืžื™, ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืืกืคืงืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ
12:19
and reducing food waste, which at the global scale,
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ื•ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืฉื‘ืงื ื”-ืžื™ื“ื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™
12:22
is one of the most important things that we can do to fix this problem.
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ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ื”.
12:26
I'm a climate scientist,
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ืขื ื™ืช ืืงืœื™ื,
12:28
so the irony of traveling around to talk to people about a changing climate
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ืื– ื”ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื” ืฉื‘ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื
12:32
is not lost on me.
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ืœื ื ืขืœืžื” ืžืขื™ื ื™.
12:33
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:35
The biggest part of my personal carbon footprint is my travel.
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ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืจื’ืœ ื”ืคื—ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื ืกื™ืขื•ืชื™.
12:39
And that's why I carefully collect my invitations.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื” ืืช ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ืจืฆื•ืช.
12:43
I usually don't go anywhere unless I have a critical mass
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ื‘ื“"ื› ืื ื™ ื ื•ืกืขืช ืจืง ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืžื•ืช ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช
12:46
of invitations in one place --
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ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“ --
12:48
anywhere from three to four
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ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืœืืจื‘ืข
12:49
to sometimes even as many as 10 or 15 talks in a given place --
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืขื“ 10 ืื• 15 ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ืจืฆื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื --
12:53
so I can minimize the impact of my carbon footprint
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ื•ื›ืš ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืžื–ืขืจ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืจื’ืœ ื”ืคื—ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืœื™.
12:55
as much as possible.
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12:57
And I've transitioned nearly three-quarters of the talks I give
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ื•ื”ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืจื‘ืขื™ื ืžื”ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœื™
13:00
to video.
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ืœืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื.
13:02
Often, people will say, "Well, we've never done that before."
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื™, "ื˜ื•ื‘, ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื”."
13:05
But I say, "Well, let's give it a try, I think it could work."
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช, "ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื ืกื”. ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—."
13:10
Most of all, though,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืขืœ ืœื›ืœ
ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื•ื
13:12
we need to talk about what's already happening today around the world
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13:16
and what could happen in the future.
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
13:18
Now, I live in Texas,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ืงืกืก,
13:20
and Texas has the highest carbon emissions of any state in the United States.
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ื•ื˜ืงืกืก ืคื•ืœื˜ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ืžืŸ ืžื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
13:24
You might say, "Well, what can you talk about in Texas?"
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ืื•ืœื™ ืชืืžืจื•, "ื ื•, ืื– ืขืœ ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืงืกืก?"
13:27
The answer is: a lot.
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื: ื”ืจื‘ื”.
13:30
Did you know that in Texas there's over 25,000 jobs
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ื”ืื ื™ื“ืขืชื ืฉื‘ื˜ืงืกืก ื™ืฉ ืžืขืœ 25,000 ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
13:35
in the wind energy industry?
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ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืจื•ื—?
13:37
We are almost up to 20 percent of our electricity
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ืื ื• ืžืคื™ืงื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ 20% ืžื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืœื ื•
13:40
from clean, renewable sources, most of that wind,
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ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื”ืจื•ื—,
13:42
though solar is growing quickly.
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ืื ื›ื™ ื’ื ื”ืกื•ืœืจื™ ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
13:44
The largest army base in the United States, Fort Hood,
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ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ืคื•ืจื˜ ื”ื•ื“,
13:47
is, of course, in Texas.
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ื ืžืฆื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืงืกืก.
13:50
And they've been powered by wind and solar energy now,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืคืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ืจื•ื— ื•ืฉืžืฉ,
13:53
because it's saving taxpayers over 150 million dollars.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื—ื•ืกืš ืœืžืฉืœื ื”ืžืกื™ื ืžืขืœ 150 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
13:58
Yes.
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ื›ืŸ.
13:59
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:04
What about those who don't have the resources that we have?
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ืžื” ืขื ืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืื•ืชื ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•?
14:07
In sub-Saharan Africa, there are hundreds of millions of people
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ื‘ืชืช ื”ืกื”ืจื” ืฉืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื™ืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื
14:10
who don't have access to any type of energy except kerosine,
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืคืจื˜ ืœื ืคื˜,
14:13
and it's very expensive.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืงืจ ืžืื“.
14:15
Around the entire world,
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•,
14:17
the fastest-growing type of new energy today is solar.
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ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื•ืœืจื™ืช.
14:22
And they have plenty of solar.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืฉื ืฉืคืข ืฉืžืฉ.
14:26
So social impact investors, nonprofits, even corporations
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ืื– ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื, ืžืœื›"ืจื™ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื
14:30
are going in and using innovative new microfinancing schemes,
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ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืฉื ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื–ืขื™ืจ,
14:34
like, pay-as-you-go solar,
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ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ื— ืกื•ืœืจื™ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืฉืœื-ืœืคื™-ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ,
14:36
so that people can buy the power they need in increments,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื” ืœื”ื,
14:39
sometimes even on their cell phone.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“.
14:41
One company, Azuri, has distributed tens of thousands of units
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ืื—ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช, "ืื–ื•ืจื™", ื—ื™ืœืงื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช
14:45
across 11 countries, from Rwanda to Uganda.
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ื‘-11 ืืจืฆื•ืช, ืžืจื•ืื ื“ื” ื•ืขื“ ืื•ื’ื ื“ื”.
14:48
They estimate that they've powered over 30 million hours of electricity
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ืœืคื™ ื”ืขืจื›ืชื ื”ื ืกื™ืคืงื• ืžืขืœ 30 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ
14:52
and over 10 million hours of cell phone charging.
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ื•ืžืขืœ 10 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืช ื˜ืขื™ื ื” ืœื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื.
14:56
What about the giant growing economies of China and India?
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ืžื” ืขื ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ื”ืขื ืง ื”ืฆื•ืžื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื“ื•?
15:01
Well, climate impacts might seem a little further down the road,
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ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื ืจืื•ืช ืื•ืœื™ ืงืฆืช ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช,
15:04
but air quality impacts are right here today.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืจื’ืฉื•ืช.
15:07
And they know that clean energy is essential to powering their future.
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ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืฉืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื ืงื™ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืขืชื™ื“ืŸ.
15:11
So China is investing hundreds of billions of dollars in clean energy.
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ืื– ืกื™ืŸ ืžืฉืงื™ืขื” ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื ืงื™ื”.
15:17
They're flooding coal mines,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื™ืคื” ืžื›ืจื•ืช ืคื—ื,
15:19
and they're putting floating solar panels on the surface.
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ื•ืžื ื™ื—ื” ืžืขืœ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืกื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ืฆืคื™ื.
15:22
They also have a panda-shaped solar farm.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ื•ื•ื” ืกื•ืœืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืคื ื“ื”.
15:24
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
15:25
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:27
Yes, they're still burning coal.
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืจืคื™ื ืคื—ื,
15:29
But they've shut down all the coal plants around Beijing.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืกื’ืจื• ืืช ื›ืœ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืคื—ืžื™ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื™ื’'ื™ื ื’.
15:32
And in India, they're looking to replace
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ื•ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืคืช
15:34
a quarter of a billion incandescent light bulbs with LEDs,
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ืจื‘ืข ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื™ื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื“,
15:38
which will save them seven billion dollars in energy costs.
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ืžื” ืฉื™ื—ืกื•ืš ืœื”ื 7 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
15:42
They're investing in green jobs,
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ื”ื ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืงื•ืช,
15:45
and they're looking to decarbonize their entire vehicle fleet.
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ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ืžื›ืœ ืฆื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœื”ื.
15:48
India may be the first country to industrialize
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ื”ื•ื“ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืžืชื•ืขืฉืช
15:51
without relying primarily on fossil fuels.
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ื“ืœืงื™ ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื.
15:55
The world is changing.
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื”.
15:57
But it just isn't changing fast enough.
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ืืš ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžื”ืจ.
16:01
Too often, we picture this problem
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ืื ื• ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช
16:03
as a giant boulder sitting at the bottom of a hill,
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ื›ืกืœืข ืขื ืง ืฉืจื•ื‘ืฅ ืœืžืจื’ืœื•ืช ื’ื‘ืขื”
16:05
with only a few hands on it, trying to roll it up the hill.
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ื›ืฉืžืขื˜ ืžื“ื™ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืžื ืกื•ืช ืœื’ืœื’ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืขืœื”.
16:08
But in reality, that boulder is already at the top of the hill.
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ืืš ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื”ืกืœืข ื”ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื™ืฆื‘ ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ื’ื‘ืขื”.
16:11
And it's got hundreds of millions of hands, maybe even billions on it,
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ื•ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื• ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืžื•ื ื—ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•
ื•ื“ื•ื—ืคื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื˜ื”.
16:15
pushing it down.
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16:16
It just isn't going fast enough.
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ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื–ื– ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžื”ืจ.
16:19
So how do we speed up that giant boulder so we can fix climate change in time?
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ืื™ืš ื ื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ืชื–ื•ื–ืช ื”ืกืœืข ื”ืขื ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื?
16:24
You guessed it.
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ื ื™ื—ืฉืชื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
16:25
The number one way is by talking about it.
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื”ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
16:29
The bottom line is this:
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ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”:
16:32
climate change is affecting you and me right here, right now,
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœื™ื›ื ื•ืขืœื™ ื›ืืŸ ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
16:37
in the places where we live.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•.
16:40
But by working together, we can fix it.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื ืคืขืœ ื™ื—ื“, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืงืŸ ื–ืืช.
16:43
Sure, it's a daunting problem.
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื” ืžืจืชื™ืขื”.
ืื™ืฉ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื–ืืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื™ืชื ื•, ืžื“ืขื ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
16:45
Nobody knows that more than us climate scientists.
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16:48
But we can't give in to despair.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืข ืœื™ื™ืื•ืฉ.
16:50
We have to go out and actively look for the hope that we need,
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฆืืช ื•ืœื—ืคืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื” ืœื ื•,
16:54
that will inspire us to act.
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ืฉืชืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขืฉื”.
16:57
And that hope begins with a conversation today.
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ื•ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžืฉื™ื—ื”. ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื.
17:03
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
17:04
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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