The most important thing you can do to fight climate change: talk about it | Katharine Hayhoe

Reviewer: Camille Martínez

譯者: Regina Chu 審譯者: Marssi Draw

It was my first year as an atmospheric science professor

那是我當大氣科學教授的第一年，

at Texas Tech University.

地點是德州理工大學。

We had just moved to Lubbock, Texas,

我們剛剛搬到德州拉伯克市，

which had recently been named the second most conservative city

這個地方最近才被列為

全美第二保守的城市。

in the entire United States.

A colleague asked me to guest teach his undergraduate geology class.

有位同事請我去客座 他在大學部開的地質課，

I said, "Sure."

我說：「好啊！」

But when I showed up, the lecture hall was cavernous and dark.

可是我去上課的時候， 整座講堂空空落落又黑又暗。

As I tracked the history of the carbon cycle

當我說明碳循環歷史時，

through geologic time to present day,

從地質時間講到現在，

most of the students were slumped over, dozing or looking at their phones.

大多數學生都無精打采、 打瞌睡或看他們的手機。

I ended my talk with a hopeful request for any questions.

最後我結束講課，

滿懷希望的問大家有沒有問題。

And one hand shot up right away.

馬上就有一隻手舉起來。

I looked encouraging, he stood up, and in a loud voice, he said,

我大受鼓勵，他站起來，

用很大的聲音說：

"You're a democrat, aren't you?"

「你是民主黨人，對吧？」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

"No," I said, "I'm Canadian."

「不，」我說，「我是加拿大人。」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

That was my baptism by fire

這是我第一次痛苦地經歷到

into what has now become a sad fact of life here in the United States

目前正在美國成形的 一個悲哀的事實，

and increasingly across Canada as well.

這在加拿大也逐漸成形。

The fact that the number one predictor

頭號預測因子

of whether we agree that climate is changing,

即是看我們是否同意氣候正在變遷、

humans are responsible

人類要負責任，

and the impacts are increasingly serious and even dangerous,

及其衝擊正逐漸變嚴重甚至危險，

has nothing to do with how much we know about science or even how smart we are

這個事實與我們對科學的了解， 甚至我們有多聰明一點關係都沒有，

but simply where we fall on the political spectrum.

而是完全關乎於 我們在政治上選哪邊站。

Does the thermometer give us a different answer

溫度計會因為我們是

depending on if we're liberal or conservative?

自由派還是保守派， 就給我們不同的讀值嗎？

Of course not.

當然不會。

But if that thermometer tells us that the planet is warming,

但是如果那個溫度計告訴我們

地球正在暖化，人類需要負責，

that humans are responsible

and that to fix this thing,

而且要解決這件事，

we have to wean ourselves off fossil fuels as soon as possible --

我們必須盡快 戒斷對石化燃料的依賴──

well, some people would rather cut off their arm

有些人寧可砍斷自己的手臂，

than give the government any further excuse

也不要給政府任何更進一步的藉口

to disrupt their comfortable lives and tell them what to do.

來攪亂他們舒適的生活， 並告訴他們應該怎麼做。

But saying, "Yes, it's a real problem, but I don't want to fix it,"

但是說「是的， 這是一個真正的問題，

但是我不想解決它，」

that makes us the bad guy, and nobody wants to be the bad guy.

讓我們變成壞人。沒有人想當壞人。

So instead, we use arguments like, "It's just a natural cycle."

所以我們就這麼爭論： 「這只是個自然的循環。」

"It's the sun."

「這是太陽的關係。」

Or my favorite,

或是我最喜歡的一個：

"Those climate scientists are just in it for the money."

「那些氣候科學家只是為了要賺錢。」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

I get that at least once a week.

我一星期至少會聽到一次。

But these are just sciencey-sounding smoke screens,

但是這些都是 似是而非的科學煙霧彈，

that are designed to hide the real reason for our objections,

設計來隱藏我們反對的真正理由，

which have nothing to do with the science

這個理由跟科學一點關係都沒有，

and everything to do with our ideology and our identity.

而是跟我們的意識形態及身分有關。

So when we turn on the TV these days,

所以這幾天當我們打開電視，

it seems like pundit X is saying,

都好像有某某名嘴在說：

"It's cold outside. Where is global warming now?"

「外面好冷。哪裡有全球暖化？」

And politician Y is saying,

又有某某政治人物說：

"For every scientist who says this thing is real,

「你每找出一個科學家說這是真的，

I can find one who says it isn't."

我都可以找出另外一個說 這不是真的。」

So it's no surprise that sometimes we feel like everybody is saying these myths.

所以這一點都不意外，

就是有時候我們覺得 好像每個人都在說這些迷思。

But when we look at the data --

但是當我們看數據──

and the Yale Program on Climate [Change] Communication

耶魯大學氣候變遷溝通計畫

has done public opinion polling across the country now for a number of years --

已經對全國做民調好幾年了──

the data shows that actually 70 percent of people in the United States agree

他們的數據顯示 其實有 70% 的美國人同意

that the climate is changing.

氣候正在變遷。

And 70 percent also agree that it will harm plants and animals,

70% 也同意它會傷害動植物，

and it will harm future generations.

會傷害未來的世代。

But then when we dig down a bit deeper, the rubber starts to hit the road.

但是當我們挖深一點， 真相就會顯露。

Only about 60 percent of people think it will affect people in the United States.

只有 60% 的人認為 它會影響美國人。

Only 40 percent of people think it will affect us personally.

只有 40% 的人認為 它會影響個人。

And then when you ask people, "Do you ever talk about this?"

而當你問大家： 「你曾經討論過這個問題嗎？」

two-thirds of people in the entire United States say, "Never."

全美三分之二的人說：「不曾。」

And even worse, when you say, "Do you hear the media talk about this?"

更糟的是，當你問： 「你是否聽過媒體討論過這個？」

Over three-quarters of people say no.

超過四分之三的人說沒有。

So it's a vicious cycle.

所以這是個惡性循環。

The planet warms.

地球變暖。

Heat waves get stronger.

熱浪變強。

Heavy precipitation gets more frequent.

豪雨更頻繁。

Hurricanes get more intense.

颶風更強勁。

Scientists release yet another doom-filled report.

科學家又發佈了一份 極不樂觀的報告。

Politicians push back even more strongly,

政客的反擊更加強烈，

repeating the same sciencey-sounding myths.

不斷重複說著似是而非的科學迷思。

What can we do to break this vicious cycle?

我們要怎麼做 才能打破這種惡性循環？

The number one thing we can do is the exact thing that we're not doing:

我們能做的第一件事， 就是我們沒有做的事：

talk about it.

談論它。

But you might say, "I'm not a scientist.

可是你或許會說：

「我又不是科學家 我要怎麼談論輻射效應，

How am I supposed to talk about radiative forcing

or cloud parametrization in climate models?"

或氣候模式裡的雲參數化？」

We don't need to be talking about more science;

我們不需要再多談科學；

we've been talking about the science for over 150 years.

過去 150 年我們談了很多科學。

Did you know that it's been 150 years or more since the 1850s,

你們知道這個題目 已經超過 150 年了嗎？

自 1850 年代起 氣候科學家就首次發現，

when climate scientists first discovered

that digging up and burning coal and gas and oil

挖出及燃燒煤、瓦斯及石油

is producing heat-trapping gases

會產生吸熱氣體，

that is wrapping an extra blanket around the planet?

在地球周圍多包一圈毯子。

That's how long we've known.

我們已經知道那麼久了。

It's been 50 years since scientists first formally warned a US president

從科學家首次正式警告美國總統

of the dangers of a changing climate,

氣候改變的危險性， 已經過了 50 年。

and that president was Lyndon B. Johnson.

那位總統就是林登·詹森。

And what's more, the social science has taught us

更重要的是， 社會科學已經教導我們，

that if people have built their identity on rejecting a certain set of facts,

如果我們以拒絕某些事實 來建立我們的身分，

then arguing over those facts is a personal attack.

那麼爭論這些事實就是人身攻擊。

It causes them to dig in deeper,

這會讓他們挖一條深深的壕溝，

and it digs a trench, rather than building a bridge.

而不是造一座橋。

So if we aren't supposed to talk about more science,

所以如果我們不應該談更多的科學，

or if we don't need to talk about more science,

或說如果我們不需要談更多的科學，

then what should we be talking about?

那我們應該談什麼？

The most important thing to do is,

最重要的是，

instead of starting up with your head, with all the data and facts in our head,

與其從你充滿數據及事實的腦開始，

to start from the heart,

不如從心開始，

to start by talking about why it matters to us,

從討論這為什麼對我們很重要開始，

to begin with genuinely shared values.

從我們都真心共享的價值觀開始。

Are we both parents?

我們都為人父母嗎？

Do we live in the same community?

我們都住在同一個社區？

Do we enjoy the same outdoor activities: hiking, biking, fishing, even hunting?

我們都喜歡一樣的戶外活動：

健行、騎車、釣魚，甚至打獵？

Do we care about the economy or national security?

我們都關心經濟或國家安全？

For me, one of the most foundational ways I found to connect with people

對我而言，我發現能與人 建立關係最基本的方法，

is through my faith.

就是透過我的信仰。

As a Christian, I believe that God created this incredible planet that we live on

我身為基督徒，

相信神創造了這個 極美好的星球讓我們居住，

and gave us responsibility over every living thing on it.

也給了我們責任要管理其上的萬物。

And I furthermore believe that we are to care for and love

我更相信我們要照顧及愛護

the least fortunate among us,

我們之中不幸的人──

those who are already suffering the impacts of poverty,

那些已經飽受貧窮、

hunger, disease and more.

飢餓、疾病和其它不幸之苦的人。

If you don't know what the values are that someone has,

如果你不知道某人的價值觀，

have a conversation, get to know them, figure out what makes them tick.

就與他們談天，了解他們，

找出他們做事的動機，

And then once we have,

一旦我們明白了，

all we have to do is connect the dots between the values they already have

我們要做的， 就是把他們已有的價值觀

and why they would care about a changing climate.

與他們為什麼應該 要關心氣候變遷連起來。

I truly believe, after thousands of conversations that I've had

在過去十多年與人談論過 成千上萬次之後，我真的相信，

over the past decade and more,

that just about every single person in the world

幾乎這世界上的每一個人

already has the values they need to care about a changing climate.

都已經有他們應該關心 氣候變遷的價值觀。

They just haven't connected the dots.

他們只是還沒有把點連起來。

And that's what we can do through our conversation with them.

那就是我們跟他們對話 可以做得到的。

The only reason why I care about a changing climate

我關心氣候變遷的唯一理由，

is because of who I already am.

是因為我已有的角色。

I'm a mother, so I care about the future of my child.

我是母親，所以我關心孩子的未來。

I live in West Texas, where water is already scarce,

我住在德州西部， 那裡的水資源已經很缺乏，

and climate change is impacting the availability of that water.

而氣候變遷會衝擊當地可用的水源。

I'm a Christian, I care about a changing climate

我是基督徒，我關心變遷的氣候，

because it is, as the military calls it, a "threat multiplier."

因為它就像軍方所說的， 是「威脅倍增器。」

It takes those issues,

它承擔一些問題，

like poverty and hunger and disease and lack of access to clean water

如貧窮、飢餓、疾病、 無法取得乾淨的水，

and even political crises that lead to refugee crises --

甚至是會導致 難民危機的政治危機──

it takes all of these issues and it exacerbates them,

這些問題都會因之而發生， 而且還會使問題變本加厲，

it makes them worse.

變得更糟。

I'm not a Rotarian.

我不是扶輪社員。

But when I gave my first talk at a Rotary Club,

但是我第一次去某個扶輪社演講時，

I walked in and they had this giant banner that had the Four-Way Test on it.

我走進去看到 他們有這個超大的標語，

上面寫著「扶輪四大考驗」。

Is it the truth?

這是否屬實？

Absolutely.

當然。

Is it fair?

是否公平？

Heck, no, that's why I care most about climate change,

當然不！那就是我為什麼 這麼關心氣候變遷，

因為它絕對不公平。

because it is absolutely unfair.

Those who have contributed the least to the problem

對此問題貢獻最少的人，

are bearing the brunt of the impacts.

卻受到最沉重的衝擊。

它進一步問：

It went on to ask:

Would it be beneficial to all, would it build goodwill?

這能否兼顧彼此利益？ 能否促進親善友誼？

嗯，解決這個問題當然能。

Well, to fix it certainly would.

So I took my talk, and I reorganized it into the Four-Way Test,

所以我把我的演講重新排列一下，

讓它符合「扶輪四大考驗」，

and then I gave it to this group of conservative businesspeople

然後我就對著這群位於德州西部的

in West Texas.

保守派商人演講這個主題。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And I will never forget at the end,

我永遠也忘不了在最後，

a local bank owner came up to me with the most bemused look on his face.

一位地方銀行家滿臉疑惑的走向我。

And he said, "You know, I wasn't sure about this whole global warming thing,

他說：「你知道嗎？ 我不太確定這整個全球暖化的事，

but it passed the Four-Way Test."

但是它通過了扶輪四大考驗」。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

(Applause)

（掌聲）

These values, though -- they have to be genuine.

不過這些價值觀── 它們必須是真誠的。

I was giving a talk at a Christian college a number of years ago,

幾年前我在一所基督教大學演講，

and after my talk, a fellow scientist came up and he said,

講完之後，有一位同行科學家說：

"I need some help.

「我需要一些幫助。

I've been really trying hard to get my foot in the door

我費了很大的勁打進

with our local churches,

我們當地的教會，

but I can't seem to get any traction.

可是似乎沒什麼作用。

I want to talk to them about why climate change matters."

我想告訴他們 為什麼氣候變遷很重要。」

So I said, "Well, the best thing to do

我說：「我們能做的

is to start with the denomination that you're part of,

就是從你所屬的宗會開始，

because you share the most values with those people.

因為你跟這些人共享許多價值觀。

What type of church do you attend?"

你上哪個宗派的教會呢？」

"Oh, I don't attend any church, I'm an atheist," he said.

「喔，我不上教會， 我是無神論者。」他說。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

I said, "Well, in that case, starting with a faith community

我說：「這樣的話，從宗教團體開始

is probably not the best idea.

大概不是最好的方法。

Let's talk about what you do enjoy doing, what you are involved in."

我們來看看你最喜歡做什麼， 你參與什麼樣的活動。」

And we were able to identify a community group

我們就這樣找出了一個 他參與的社團，

that he was part of, that he could start with.

他可以從那裡開始。

The bottom line is, we don't have to be a liberal tree hugger

我想說的是，

我們不需要當個 自由開放的環保人士，

to care about a changing climate.

也可以關心變遷的氣候。

All we have to be is a human living on this planet.

我們要做的就是當一個 活在地球上的人類。

Because no matter where we live,

因為無論我們住在哪裡，

climate change is already affecting us today.

今天氣候變遷已經在影響我們。

If we live along the coasts,

如果我們住在海岸邊，

in many places, we're already seeing "sunny-day flooding."

在很多地方

我們已經看到「晴天洪災」。

If we live in western North America,

如果我們住在北美西部，

we're seeing much greater area being burned by wildfires.

我們會看到野火燒掉的面積變大了。

If we live in many coastal locations,

如果我們住在沿海地區，

from the Gulf of Mexico to the South Pacific,

從墨西哥灣到南太平洋，

we are seeing stronger hurricanes, typhoons and cyclones,

我們看到更強的颶風、颱風及氣旋

powered by a warming ocean.

受暖化的海洋而更強勁。

If we live in Texas or if we live in Syria,

如果我們住在德州或敘利亞，

we're seeing climate change supersize our droughts,

我們看到氣候變遷加大了乾旱規模，

making them more frequent and more severe.

使乾旱更頻繁、更嚴重。

Wherever we live, we're already being affected by a changing climate.

無論我們住在哪裡，

我們都已經受到變遷氣候的影響。

So you might say, "OK, that's good. We can talk impacts.

你可能會說：「好吧， 那我們來談衝擊。

We can scare the pants off people, because this thing is serious."

我們可以把人家嚇的屁滾尿流，

因為這東西很嚴重。」

And it is, believe me. I'm a scientist, I know.

它的確很嚴重，相信我。

我是科學家，我知道。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

But fear is not what is going to motivate us

但是恐懼不是什麼好方法

能激勵人產生長期、持續的改變，

for the long-term, sustained change that we need to fix this thing.

來解決這件事。

Fear is designed to help us run away from the bear.

恐懼是設計來幫助我們逃離熊的。

Or just run faster than the person beside us.

或是跑得比旁邊的人快一點。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

What we need to fix this thing is rational hope.

要解決這個問題， 我們需要的是理性的希望。

Yes, we absolutely do need to recognize what's at stake.

是的，我們絕對需要認識到 什麼是利害攸關的。

Of course we do.

我們當然需要。

But we need a vision of a better future --

但是我們需要展望一個更好的未來，

a future with abundant energy,

充滿豐富能源的未來，

with a stable economy,

有穩定的經濟，

with resources available to all,

有人人可用的資源，

where our lives are not worse but better than they are today.

我們的生活不是 比現在更糟，而是更好。

There are solutions.

我們有解決的方法。

And that's why the second important thing that we have to talk about

這就是為什麼我們要談論的 第二件重要的事，

is solutions -- practical, viable, accessible, attractive solutions.

就是解決方法：實用、可行、

方便、有吸引力的解決方法。

Like what?

像什麼？

Well, there's no silver bullet, as they say,

嗯，就像他們說的， 我們沒有萬靈丹，

but there's plenty of silver buckshot.

但是我們有很多萬靈散。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

There's simple solutions that save us money

我們的確有簡單的解決方案， 既能為我們省錢，

and reduce our carbon footprint at the same time.

又能同時減少碳足跡。

Yes, light bulbs.

是的，燈泡。

I love my plug-in car.

我愛我的電動汽車。

I'd like some solar shingles.

我願意裝太陽能屋頂。

But imagine if every home came with a switch beside the front door,

但是想像一下，如果每一家

都在前門旁裝一個開關，

that when you left the house, you could turn off everything except your fridge.

每次你離開家門，

就會關掉冰箱以外的東西。

And maybe the DVR.

可能連錄影機也關了。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Lifestyle choices: eating local, eating lower down the food chain

生活方式選擇：吃當地產的食物，

吃食物鏈底端的食物，

and reducing food waste, which at the global scale,

減少浪費食物，這點從全球規模看，

is one of the most important things that we can do to fix this problem.

是我們能解決這個問題最重要的事。

I'm a climate scientist,

我是氣候科學家，

so the irony of traveling around to talk to people about a changing climate

所以要四處旅行演講變遷的氣候，

is not lost on me.

這種諷刺在我身上也沒消失。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

The biggest part of my personal carbon footprint is my travel.

我個人最大的碳足跡就是旅行。

And that's why I carefully collect my invitations.

這就是為什麼我小心的收集邀請函，

I usually don't go anywhere unless I have a critical mass

通常我不會出門， 除非我收到了足夠多

of invitations in one place --

從同一個地方來的邀請卡，

anywhere from three to four

一個地方 3 到 4 場，

to sometimes even as many as 10 or 15 talks in a given place --

有時候甚至多到 10 或 15 場演講，

so I can minimize the impact of my carbon footprint

這樣我就可以把 我的碳足跡衝擊減到最低。

as much as possible.

愈低愈好。

And I've transitioned nearly three-quarters of the talks I give

而且我還把將近四分之三的演講

to video.

變成影片。

Often, people will say, "Well, we've never done that before."

通常大家會說：

「喔？我們從來沒有這樣做過。」

But I say, "Well, let's give it a try, I think it could work."

但是我會說：

「嗯，就試一下吧。應該可行。」

Most of all, though,

最重要的還是這個，

we need to talk about what's already happening today around the world

我們要討論今天 已經發生在全世界的事，

and what could happen in the future.

及未來可能會發生的事。

Now, I live in Texas,

那麼，我住在德州。

and Texas has the highest carbon emissions of any state in the United States.

德州是全美排碳最高的一州。

You might say, "Well, what can you talk about in Texas?"

你可能會說：「這樣的話， 你在德州還能談什麼？」

The answer is: a lot.

答案是，很多。

Did you know that in Texas there's over 25,000 jobs

你可知道在德州，

風能產業提供超過二萬五千個工作？

in the wind energy industry?

We are almost up to 20 percent of our electricity

我們有將近 20% 的電力

from clean, renewable sources, most of that wind,

來自乾淨可再生的資源，

大部分是風能，

though solar is growing quickly.

儘管太陽能成長快速。

The largest army base in the United States, Fort Hood,

美國最大的陸軍基地胡德堡，

is, of course, in Texas.

不用說，就在德州。

And they've been powered by wind and solar energy now,

他們現在用風能及太陽能發電，

because it's saving taxpayers over 150 million dollars.

因為這樣可以節省納稅人 超過一億五千萬美金。

Yes.

是的。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

What about those who don't have the resources that we have?

那些跟我們不一樣， 沒有資源可用的人怎麼辦？

In sub-Saharan Africa, there are hundreds of millions of people

在撒哈拉以南非洲，成千上萬的人

who don't have access to any type of energy except kerosine,

沒有任何能源可用，除了煤油，

and it's very expensive.

而且那還很貴。

Around the entire world,

在全世界，

the fastest-growing type of new energy today is solar.

現今成長最快的新能源是太陽能。

And they have plenty of solar.

而他們的日光充足。

So social impact investors, nonprofits, even corporations

所以社會責任投資人、 非營利組織，甚至一般企業

are going in and using innovative new microfinancing schemes,

都投入並使用創新的微型投資方法，

like, pay-as-you-go solar,

像隨用隨付太陽能板租用計畫，

so that people can buy the power they need in increments,

所以民眾就可以買到 所需單位的能源。

sometimes even on their cell phone.

有時候甚至可以從手機買。

One company, Azuri, has distributed tens of thousands of units

有一間公司叫阿蘇里科技， 已經分發了成千上萬塊面板

across 11 countries, from Rwanda to Uganda.

給 11 個國家， 包括盧安達及烏干達。

They estimate that they've powered over 30 million hours of electricity

他們估計他們已經供給了 超過三千萬小時的電力，

and over 10 million hours of cell phone charging.

及超過一千萬小時的手機充電。

What about the giant growing economies of China and India?

中國及印度這樣 快速成長的經濟體又如何？

Well, climate impacts might seem a little further down the road,

氣候的衝擊看起來還有點遠，

but air quality impacts are right here today.

但是空氣品質的影響卻是今日今時。

And they know that clean energy is essential to powering their future.

他們知道清潔能源 對於推動未來發展至關重要。

So China is investing hundreds of billions of dollars in clean energy.

所以中國投資了數千億美元 在乾淨能源上。

They're flooding coal mines,

他們水淹煤礦場，

and they're putting floating solar panels on the surface.

而且他們還在水面放浮動太陽能板。

They also have a panda-shaped solar farm.

他們還有一座熊貓外型的 太陽能發電廠。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Yes, they're still burning coal.

是的，他們還在燒煤。

But they've shut down all the coal plants around Beijing.

但是他們已經關閉了 北京附近所有的燃煤電廠。

And in India, they're looking to replace

在印度，他們想要

a quarter of a billion incandescent light bulbs with LEDs,

用 LED 燈取代 2.5 億個白熱燈管，

which will save them seven billion dollars in energy costs.

這可以讓他們節省 70 億美元的能源費用。

They're investing in green jobs,

他們正在投資綠色工作，

and they're looking to decarbonize their entire vehicle fleet.

他們想要讓所有的車輛都脫碳。

India may be the first country to industrialize

印度可能是第一個

不需要仰賴石化燃料 就工業化的國家。

without relying primarily on fossil fuels.

The world is changing.

這個世界正在改變。

But it just isn't changing fast enough.

但是變得還不夠快。

Too often, we picture this problem

太常見到的是我們視這個問題

as a giant boulder sitting at the bottom of a hill,

為一塊坐落在山腳的巨石，

with only a few hands on it, trying to roll it up the hill.

只有幾隻手撐著它，想把它推上山頂。

But in reality, that boulder is already at the top of the hill.

但實際上，那塊巨石已經在山頂了。

And it's got hundreds of millions of hands, maybe even billions on it,

而且有數也數不清的手

pushing it down.

要把它推下山。

It just isn't going fast enough.

只是那個速度實在不夠快。

So how do we speed up that giant boulder so we can fix climate change in time?

我們要怎麼讓那塊巨石加速， 才能及時解決氣候變遷？

You guessed it.

你猜到了。

The number one way is by talking about it.

第一要務就是討論它。

The bottom line is this:

底線就是：

climate change is affecting you and me right here, right now,

氣候變遷正影響著你和我， 就在此時此刻，

in the places where we live.

就在我們居住的地方。

But by working together, we can fix it.

但透過合作，我們可以解決它。

Sure, it's a daunting problem.

的確，這是個令人生畏的問題。

Nobody knows that more than us climate scientists.

沒有人比我們氣候科學家 更了解這件事。

But we can't give in to despair.

但是我們不能屈服於絕望。

We have to go out and actively look for the hope that we need,

我們要走出去， 主動尋找我們所需的希望，

that will inspire us to act.

以激勵我們行動。

And that hope begins with a conversation today.

那份希望就從今天展開對話開始。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）