How octopuses battle each other | DIY Neuroscience, a TED series

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Faradila Zuchrina

Greg Gage: Gurita adalah hewan yang tampak aneh

dengan perilaku yang rumit.

Sistem saraf mereka paling menakjubkan dalam dunia invertebrata.

Mereka memiliki sekitar setengah miliar neuron

yang tersebar di seluruh tubuh mereka

Greg Gage: The octopus is a rather strange-looking animal

dengan dua per tiga neuron terletak pada kaki mereka.

that exhibits amazingly complex behaviors.

Gabungkan ini dengan sel kamuflase, dorongan jet, dan paruh tajam,

They have the most impressive nervous system in the entire invertebrate world.

They have about a half a billion neurons

dan Anda mendapatkan seekor predator luar biasa.

that are distributed throughout their body,

Lalu, tambahkan fakta bahwa gurita adalah hewan penyendiri,

such that two-thirds of the neurons are actually in its legs.

dan tiba-tiba, kita mendapat pertarungan sefalofoda.

Now mix this in with camouflaging cells, jet propulsion and a razor-sharp beak,

[DIY Neuroscience]

and you have all the makings of a formidable predator.

Kita tahu hampir semua hewan berkelahi untuk makanan, wilayah, pasangan kawin.

And then throw in the fact that the octopus is a solitary creature,

and suddenly, we have ourselves a real cephalopod fight.

Gurita pun tidak berbeda.

Mengetahui perilaku perkelahian mereka bisa membantu kita

(Bell)

lebih memahami hewan ini dan cara interaksinya.

[DIY Neuroscience]

Teman saya, Ilya, mengamati

We know that almost all animals fight -- for food, for territory, for mates.

perilaku berkelahi klasik antara gurita two-spot California.

Ilya Chugunov: Kebanyakan orang berpikir octopi, tapi sebenarnya tidak tepat.

The octopus is no different, and knowing their fighting behavior

could help us better understand these fascinating creatures

Kata jamak yang tepat adalah octopuses atau octopodes

and how they interact.

jika mau pakai bahasa Yunani.

My friend Ilya has been observing the classic fighting behavior

Bagaimana kamu memulai eksperimen?

between California two-spot octopuses.

Pertama, aku mempersiapkan kandang,

Ilya Chugunov: Most people think that it's "octopi,"

Lalu, ambil kendi air dan menggoyangkannya untuk diangini,

but that's actually incorrect.

Jika airnya terangini dengan baik, mereka lebih aktif.

The correct plurals are either "octopuses" or "octopodes"

if you want to be very Greek about it.

Ini memberi ruang bernapas untuk gurita.

GG: So how do you do your experiment?

Saya ambil gurita pertama.

IC: First, I like to set up the chamber just so it's ready,

Ini, Kawan.

Ini, Sobat.

so I get a jug of water, I aerate it by shaking the jug.

Masukkan, pasang GoPro,

It seems that if the water is well-aerated, they're a lot more active.

masukkan gurita kedua, tutup, dan tinggalkan.

This gives the octopuses some room to breathe.

Aturan 1: Selalu ada penyerang.

I get the first octopus --

Selalu ada satu gurita yang bertahan dan satu menyerang.

Here, buddy. Here, pal.

Biasanya yang mengambil ruang lebih banyak, dia lebih sombong

Put it in, set up my GoPro,

sudah pasti yang menyerang dan kemungkinan besar akan menang.

put the second octopus in, cover it up and leave it alone.

Yang kalah cukup jelas.

(Bell ringing)

Rule 1: There's always an aggressor.

Mereka terus didorong, meringkuk, sembunyi di pojok.

There's always one octopus on defense, one on offense.

Sering kali, saat ada kontak pertama,

Usually the one that's taking up more space, that's more boastful,

jika salah satu terlalu defensif,

definitely the aggressor, most likely the winner of the fight.

satunya lagi akan menyodoknya, meraih tentakelnya dan melihat,

The loser's pretty obvious.

They get pushed around, they curl up, hide in a corner.

"Hei, kau mau melawanku? Mau berbalik?

A lot of the time, when there's initial contact,

Mau bergulat?”

if one of them is too much on the defensive side,

Sodok dan kabur.

Kembali lagi. Sodok dan kabur.

the second one will sort of poke at it, grab at its tentacle and see,

Aturan 2: Hindari kontak mata.

"Hey, do you want to fight me, do you want to turn around?

Saat gurita mendekati satu sama lain untuk mulai berkelahi,

Do you want to start a wrestling match?"

So it'll just poke and run away. Come back, poke and run away.

mereka biasanya tidak berhadap-hadapan.

Mereka mendekat secara menyamping.

(Bell ringing)

Gurita defensif akan berusaha membelakangi penyerangnya

Rule 2: Avoid eye contact.

When the octopuses come towards each other to begin the fight,

sampai dia tahu perkelahian tak bisa dihindari.

they don't actually face each other.

GG: Sungguh, yang menunggu sampai momen terakhir

They approach sideways.

The defensive octopus tries to face away from the attacker

adalah gurita defensif.

Aturan 3: Pamerkan warnamu.

Gurita penyerang akan memunculkan

until it's the critical moment it knows there's no way to avoid a fight.

warna hitam di lengannya dengan cepat

GG: Really, the one who's waiting to the last moment

is the defensive octopus.

saat dia akan memulai perkelahian.

(Bell ringing)

Rule 3: Flash your colors.

(Bunyi lonceng)

The aggressor in a fight will quickly and sharply flash bright black on his arms

GG: Oh, sudah mulai.

IC: Kita melihat mereka beraksi.

Sepertinya mereka saling menyadari.

GG: Benar. Sekarang dia akan mendekatinya, tapi tidak secara langsung.

when he's about to initiate a fight.

IC: Ya, mereka tidak saling berhadapan.

(Bell ringing)

GG: Ooh, and already --

IC: We're seeing some action.

GG: Lalu mulai.

Looks like they've spotted each other.

IC: Ya. Mereka kontak, lalu lengan mereka saling menyerang,

GG: Right. So now he's going to come -- He's approaching, but not directly at him.

(Musik senar)

IC: Yeah, they're like almost completely antiparallel.

GG: And then right there --

IC: Yeah. They contact, and then their arms clash together.

Kita sudah melakukan langkah pertama dalam memahami perkelahian gurita.

(String music)

Anda mungkin bertanya-tanya, “kenapa ini penting?”

Pertanyaan penelitian berdasarkan rasa penasaran ini

sering mengarah ke wawasan dan penemuan tak terduga.

GG: So we've taken the first steps in understanding fighting in the octopus.

Kita mempelajari banyak hal pada diri kita dari hewan laut.

And you might be asking yourself: Why does this even matter?

Cumi-cumi mengajari kita cara neuron kita berkomunikasi

Well, these types of curiosity-based research questions can often lead

dan kepiting tapal kuda mengajari cara mata kita bekerja.

to some unexpected insights and discoveries.

Jadi, bisa dibilang beberapa perilaku gurita two-spot California

We've learned a lot about ourselves from studying marine animals.

Squid have taught us about how our neurons communicate,

sangatlah mirip dengan perilaku kita.

and the horseshoe crab has taught us about how our eyes work.

So it's not too far of a stretch to say that some of these behaviors

that we're seeing in the California two-spot octopus are similar to ours.