How sound can hack your memory while you sleep | DIY Neuroscience, a TED series

Translator: Ivana Korom Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz

Translator: Ivana Korom Reviewer: Qomariah Najmi

Greg Gage: Siapa yang tak ingin lulus ujian geografi,

mengingat lokasi semua negara dalam peta

atau menghindari situasi memalukan saat tiba-tiba lupa nama orang

yang ada di hadapan Anda.

Ternyata, ingatan, sebagaimana otot-otot dalam tubuh,

Greg Gage: Who wouldn't love acing a geography exam,

dapat diperkuat dan ditingkatkan.

remembering all the locations of the countries on a map

Tetapi, alih-alih memakai kartu istilah,

mungkin ada cara yang menarik

or avoiding embarrassing situations of suddenly forgetting the person's name

yaitu meretas ingatan kita saat tertidur.

(Musik)

standing right in front of you.

It turns out that memory, like other muscles in the body,

can be strengthened and enhanced.

Mengapa kita tidur?

But instead of practicing with flash cards,

Pertanyaan ini sudah ada sejak awal peradaban.

there may be an interesting way

that we can hack our memory while we sleep.

Meskipun kita belum tahu jawaban pastinya,

ada sejumlah teori kuat yang menjelaskan manfaatnya.

(Music)

Ketika tidur, otak mengirim

ingatan jangka pendek yang dialami seharian

Why do we sleep?

This has been a question asked since the early days of civilization.

menjadi ingatan jangka panjang.

Proses ini disebut konsolidasi ingatan.

And while we may not know the exact answer,

Para ilmuwan bertanya-tanya, apakah melalui konsolidasi memori ini,

there are a number of really good theories about why we need it.

kita bisa meningkatkan ingatan tertentu.

Sleep is when the brain transfers short-term memories

Ada satu makalah dalam jurnal "Science"

experienced throughout the day

oleh Ken Paller dan rekannya di Northwestern

into long-term memories.

This process is called memory consolidation,

yang tampak membenarkan kemungkinan itu,

and it's the memory consolidation theory that has scientists wondering

dan itu membuat kami penasaran.

Joud telah membuat versi swakriya dari percobaan ini

if we can enhance certain memories over others.

untuk menguji peningkatan ingatan akibat pemberian suara saat tidur.

There was a paper recently in the journal "Science"

Joud, bagaimana kamu menguji peningkatan ingatan saat tidur?

by Ken Paller and his colleagues at Northwestern

that seemed to show that this may be true,

Joud Mar'i: Kami butuh subyek uji.

and that piqued our curiosity.

[Langkah 1: Bermain gim]

Joud has been working on a DIY version of this task

Kami sediakan gim ingatan di iPad,

to see if we can improve memories through the use of sound in sleep.

lalu kami minta subyek memainkannya

So Joud, how do you test if we can improve our memories with sleep?

dan mengingat gambar juga tempat munculnya pada layar.

GG: Jadi ini mirip gim ingatan semasa kecil dulu,

Joud Mar’i: We need a human subject.

[Step 1: Play a game]

mencari letak gambar.

Kami hubungkan gambar dengan suara yang mewakilinya.

We have a memory game that we have on an iPad,

and then we make our subject play this game

JM: Misalnya jika Anda melihat gambar mobil,

and remember the images and where they appear on the screen.

Anda akan dengar suara mesin mobil.

(Mesin mobil dinyalakan)

GG: So this is like a memory game you used to play as a child,

GG: Tepat sebelum tidur, kami akan menguji Anda.

which picture was where.

Kami akan lihat kemampuan Anda mengingat letak gambar.

And we tie each picture with a sound that represents it.

Setiap kali melihat gambar itu, Anda akan mendengar suara.

JM: So, if you can see a picture of a car, for example,

and you would hear the car engine.

Sekarang saatnya percobaan.

(Car engine starting)

Anda akan tidur sebentar.

GG: Just before you go to sleep we're going to test you.

[Langkah 2: Tidur]

Selama Anda tertidur, kami merekam EEG Anda.

We're going to see how well you remember where the pictures are.

Every time you see the picture, you're going to hear the sound.

JM: Kami menunggu hingga tercapai fase tidur gelombang lambat,

And now comes the experiment.

yaitu fase lelap ketika Anda paling sulit untuk terbangun.

You're going to go take a nap.

[Step 2: Take a nap]

GG: Baik, jeda dulu.

Saya jelaskan tentang tidur.

And while you're sleeping, we're going to be recording your EEG.

Ada empat tahap tidur;

yaitu beberapa tahap tidur yang lebih ringan dan REM,

JM: And then we wait for them to go into what's called the slow-wave sleep,

tetapi kita menyasar pada fase tidur gelombang lambat.

Istilah itu berasal dari sinyal listrik

which is the deepest phase of your sleep where it's really hard for you to wake up.

yang disebut gelombang Delta yang terekam di otak.

GG: OK, pause.

Pada tahapan tidur inilah, ilmuwan meyakini bahwa

So, here's some information on sleep.

konsolidasi ingatan dapat terjadi.

There are four stages: we have lighter stages of sleep and REM,

Dalam tahap tidur lelap ini,

but what we're interested in is called slow-wave sleep.

kita akan melakukan hal yang tidak Anda sadari.

And it gets its name from the electrical signals

JM: Inilah bagian pentingnya. Kami memutar petunjuk suara.

called Delta waves that we record from the brain.

This is the part of sleep where scientists believe

(Mesin mobil dinyalakan)

that memory consolidation can happen.

GG: Apakah semuanya diputar?

JM: Tidak. Hanya setengahnya supaya tampak perbedaannya.

In this deep period of sleep,

we're going to do something that you don't know we're going to do.

GG: Jadi hipotesis Anda adalah

orang yang mendengar petunjuk saat tidur

JM: Here's where the tricky part comes, and we start playing our cues.

akan bermain gim lebih baik saat bangun.

(Car engine starting)

JM: Ya, tepat.

GG: Do you play all the cues?

JM: No. We only want to play half of them to see if there's a difference.

GG: Saat bangun dan bermain kembali,

apakah Anda lebih jago atau lebih payah dibandingkan sebelum tidur?

GG: So your hypothesis is

the one that they were listening to while they're sleeping

Yang kami temukan adalah jika kami memutarkan petunjuk saat Anda tidur,

they're going to do better at.

JM: Yes, exactly.

misalnya suara mobil,

GG: When you wake back up and play the game again,

Anda akan mengingat letak mobil

saat Anda kembali terbangun.

do you do better or worse than before a nap?

Tetapi, jika tidak memutarkan petunjuk,

misalnya, suara gitar,

What we found is that if we played you a cue during your sleep,

kecil kemungkinan Anda akan mengingat gambar gitar saat bangun.

for example, a car --

Ingatan yang diputarkan petunjuk

You would remember the position of that car

diingat dengan lebih baik, daripada yang tidak,

when you woke back up again.

meski mereka tidak ingat mendengar bunyi itu selama tidur?

But if we didn't play you the cue during the sleep,

JM: Ya, kami tanyakan itu.

for example, a guitar,

GG: Mereka tidur, tidak mendengar, lalu bangun,

you'd be less likely to remember that guitar when you woke up.

bermain lebih baik daripada yang tidak diberi petunjuk.

The memories that were cued they remembered better

GG: Menakjubkan. JM: Seperti sulap.

GG: Joud melakukan percobaan ini terhadap 12 orang dan hasilnya signifikan.

than the ones they weren't,

even though they don't remember hearing those sounds?

Bukan karena mengingat hal lebih baik, tetapi jadi tidak mudah lupa.

JM: Yes, we ask them.

GG: We know they're sleeping, they can't hear it, they wake up,

Saya ragu-ragu saat pertama kali mendengar bahwa

they do better on those than the ones you didn't play.

orang jadi ingat lebih baik jika diputarkan suara saat tidur.

GG: That's amazing. JM: It's like magic.

GG: Joud ran this experiment on 12 people and the results were significant.

Karenanya, kami mengulangi percobaan ini.

Fakta dan ingatan yang kita kumpulkan sepanjang hari sangatlah rapuh,

It's not that you remember things better; it's that you forget them less.

mudah hilang dan terlupakan.

I was a huge skeptic when I first heard that you could do better at a memory test

Tetapi, dengan mengaktifkannya lagi selama tidur, bahkan tanpa kita sadari,

just by playing sounds during sleep.

rupanya kita bisa membuatnya lebih stabil dan tak mudah terlupakan.

But we replicated these experiments.

Sungguh menakjubkan.

The facts and memories we collect throughout the day are very fragile,

Otak kita masih aktif meskipun tubuh kita tidak.

and they are easily lost and forgotten.

Maka, jika Anda agak pelupa seperti saya,

But by reactivating them during sleep, even without us being aware,

mungkin solusinya adalah seperangkat penyuara jemala dan sofa yang lembut.

it seems like we could make them more stable and less prone to forgetting.

That's pretty incredible.

Our brains are still active even when we're not.

So if you're like me and a bit forgetful,

perhaps a solution is a pair of headphones and a soft couch.