Inside the bizarre world of internet trolls and propagandists | Andrew Marantz

Prevoditelj: Zeljana Maric Ferli Recezent: Sanda L

I spent the past three years

Proveo sam protekle tri godine

talking to some of the worst people on the internet.

pričajući s nekim od najgorih ljudi na internetu.

Now, if you've been online recently,

Ukoliko ste nedavno bili na internetu,

you may have noticed that there's a lot of toxic garbage out there:

možda ste primijetili mnogo toksičnog smeća:

racist memes, misogynist propaganda, viral misinformation.

rasističkih memeova, ženomrzačke propagande, viralnih dezinformacija.

So I wanted to know who was making this stuff.

Htio sam saznati tko stoji iza toga.

I wanted to understand how they were spreading it.

Htio sam razumjeti kako su to proširili.

Na kraju krajeva, želio sam saznati

Ultimately, I wanted to know

what kind of impact it might be having on our society.

kakav bi mogao biti utjecaj tog sadržaja na naše društvo.

So in 2016, I started tracing some of these memes back to their source,

Tako sam 2016. počeo pratiti neke od memeova do njihovog izvora,

back to the people who were making them or who were making them go viral.

natrag do ljudi koji su ih stvarali ili koji su ih lansirali na internet.

I'd approach those people and say,

Prilazio sam tim ljudima i rekao,

"Hej, ja sam novinar. Mogu li vas promatrati dok radite?"

"Hey, I'm a journalist. Can I come watch you do what you do?"

Često bi odgovor bio nešto poput,

Now, often the response would be,

"Why in hell would I want to talk to

"Zašto bi, dovraga, želio pričati

some low-t soy-boy Brooklyn globalist Jew cuck

s nekim soja dečkom, globalistom iz Brooklyna koji je židovski sluga

who's in cahoots with the Democrat Party?"

i podržava Demokratsku stranku?"

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

To which my response would be, "Look, man, that's only 57 percent true."

Na što bi moj odgovor bio, "Čuj stari, samo si 57% u pravu."

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

But often I got the opposite response.

No, često bih dobio suprotan odgovor.

"Yeah, sure, come on by."

"Da, svakako, samo navrati."

So that's how I ended up in the living room

Tako sam završio u dnevnoj sobi

of a social media propagandist in Southern California.

propagandista s društvenih mreža u Južnoj Kaliforniji.

He was a married white guy in his late 30s.

Bio je to oženjen frajer u kasnim 30-ima.

He had a table in front of him with a mug of coffee,

Pred sobom je imao stol sa šalicom kave,

a laptop for tweeting,

laptop za postanje na Tweeteru,

a phone for texting

mobitel za poruke,

and an iPad for livestreaming to Periscope and YouTube.

iPad za emitiranje na Periscopeu i YouTubeu.

That was it.

I to je bilo to.

And yet, with those tools,

Ipak, sa svim tim alatima

he was able to propel his fringe, noxious talking points

mogao je lansirati svoja otrovna, ekstremna stajališta

into the heart of the American conversation.

ravno u srce američkog razgovora.

For example, one of the days I was there,

Primjerice, jednog dana dok sam bio tamo,

a bomb had just exploded in New York,

bomba je eksplodirala u New Yorku,

and the guy accused of planting the bomb had a Muslim-sounding name.

za što je optužen čovjek imena koje je zvučalo muslimanski.

Now, to the propagandist in California, this seemed like an opportunity,

Za ovog propagandista u Kaliforniji to je bila odlična prilika,

because one of the things he wanted

jer se, između ostalog, zalagao

was for the US to cut off almost all immigration,

za to da SAD ukinu gotovo svo useljavanje,

especially from Muslim-majority countries.

osobito iz muslimanskih zemalja.

So he started livestreaming,

Radi toga je počeo emitirati livestream,

getting his followers worked up into a frenzy

dok su njegovi pratitelji postajali sve bjesniji

about how the open borders agenda was going to kill us all

zbog toga što će nas politika otvorenih granica sve poubijati,

and asking them to tweet about this,

i tražio je od njih da tvitaju o tome,

and use specific hashtags,

koriste određene hashtagove,

trying to get those hashtags trending.

i pokušao postići da ti hashtagovi dođu na Twitter trending listu.

And tweet they did --

Oni su zaista i tvitali,

hundreds and hundreds of tweets,

stotine i stotine postova.

a lot of them featuring images like this one.

Mnogi od njih objavili su i slike poput ove.

So that's George Soros.

Ovo je George Soros.

He's a Hungarian billionaire and philanthropist,

On je mađarski milijarder i filantrop,

and in the minds of some conspiracists online,

i prema ljubiteljima teorija zavjera na internetu,

George Soros is like a globalist bogeyman,

George Soros je neka vrsta globalista babaroge,

one of a few elites who is secretly manipulating all of global affairs.

jedan od malobrojne elite koja upravlja svjetskim događajima.

Now, just to pause here: if this idea sounds familiar to you,

Sad, samo da napravim pauzu, ukoliko vam se ova ideja čini poznatom,

that there are a few elites who control the world

da postoji malobrojna elita koja kontrolira svijet

and a lot of them happen to be rich Jews,

i koja se sastoji uglavnom od bogatih Židova,

that's because it is one of the most anti-Semitic tropes in existence.

to je zato jer je to jedan od najčešćih antisemitskih motiva.

I should also mention that the guy in New York who planted that bomb,

Još bih samo napomenuo da je čovjek koji je postavio

he was an American citizen.

tu bombu u New Yorku bio američki državljanin.

So whatever else was going on there,

Dakle, o čemu god da se radilo u tom slučaju,

immigration was not the main issue.

imigracija nije bila glavni problem.

And the propagandist in California, he understood all this.

Propagandist u Kaliforniji je sve to vrlo dobro razumio.

He was a well-read guy. He was actually a lawyer.

Bio je to načitan čovjek. Zapravo je bio odvjetnik.

He knew the underlying facts,

Znao je sve činjenice,

but he also knew that facts do not drive conversation online.

ali je također znao da činjenice nisu bitne za dijalog na internetu.

What drives conversation online

Ono što je bitno na internetu

is emotion.

su emocije.

See, the original premise of social media

Originalna ideja društvenih mreža

was that it was going to bring us all together,

bila je da nas sve poveže

make the world more open and tolerant and fair ...

i stvori otvoreniji, tolerantniji i pravedniji svijet.

And it did some of that.

To se donekle ostvarilo.

But the social media algorithms have never been built

Ali, algoritmi društvenih mreža nisu nikad bili stvoreni

to distinguish between what's true or false,

da razlikuju što je točno, a što ne,

what's good or bad for society, what's prosocial and what's antisocial.

što je dobro ili loše za društvo, što prosocijalno, a što antisocijalno.

That's just not what those algorithms do.

Algoritmi to ne rade.

A lot of what they do is measure engagement:

Ono što oni rade jest da mjere aktivnost korisnika:

clicks, comments, shares, retweets, that kind of thing.

klikove, komentare, podjele sadržaja, takve stvari.

And if you want your content to get engagement,

Ukoliko želite da vaš sadržaj dobije takvu aktivnost,

it has to spark emotion,

morate izazvati emocije.

specifically, what behavioral scientists call "high-arousal emotion."

Točnije, ono što znanstvenici nazivaju "emocije visoke uzbuđenosti".

Now, "high arousal" doesn't only mean sexual arousal,

Visoka uzbuđenost ne znači samo seksualno uzbuđenje,

although it's the internet, obviously that works.

iako je očito internet ono što je izaziva.

It means anything, positive or negative, that gets people's hearts pumping.

To znači bilo što, pozitivno ili negativno što ubrzava rad vašeg srca.

So I would sit with these propagandists,

Tako bih ja sjedio s tim propagandistima,

not just the guy in California, but dozens of them,

ne samo s onim u Kaliforniji, nego i drugima,

and I would watch as they did this again and again successfully,

i gledao bih kako to rade, svaki put uspješno,

not because they were Russian hackers, not because they were tech prodigies,

ne zato jer su ruski hakeri, ne zato jer su tehnološki geniji,

not because they had unique political insights --

ne zato jer imaju jedinstvene političke poglede -

just because they understood how social media worked,

samo zato jer su razumjeli kako rade društvene mreže

and they were willing to exploit it to their advantage.

i bili su spremni iskoristiti ih za svoje ciljeve.

Now, at first I was able to tell myself this was a fringe phenomenon,

Ispočetka sam govorio sam sebi da je ovo rubni fenomen,

something that was relegated to the internet.

nešto što se samo preselilo na internet.

But there's really no separation anymore between the internet and everything else.

No, više ne postoji razlika između interneta i svega ostalog.

This is an ad that ran on multiple TV stations

Ovo je oglas prikazan na više TV postaja

during the 2018 congressional elections,

tijekom izbora za kongres 2018. godine,

alleging with very little evidence that one of the candidates

u kojem se bez dokaza optužuje jednog od kandidata

was in the pocket of international manipulator George Soros,

da je marioneta kojom upravlja manipulator George Soros,

who is awkwardly photoshopped here next to stacks of cash.

kojeg su na ovoj slici nevješto zalijepili pored brda love.

This is a tweet from the President of the United States,

Ovo je post na Twitteru predsjednika SAD-a,

alleging, again with no evidence,

u kojem on, bez dokaza, tvrdi

that American politics is being manipulated by George Soros.

da američkom politikom manipulira upravo Soros.

This stuff that once seemed so shocking and marginal and, frankly, just ignorable,

Ono što se nekad činilo šokantnim, marginalnim, ili iskreno, za ignoriranje,

it's now so normalized that we hardly even notice it.

danas je toliko normalizirano da to uopće ne primjećujemo.

So I spent about three years in this world.

Proveo sam oko tri godine u ovom svijetu.

I talked to a lot of people.

Razgovarao sam s puno ljudi.

Some of them seemed to have no core beliefs at all.

Neki od njih nisu imali nekakva temeljna uvjerenja.

They just seemed to be betting, perfectly rationally,

Neki od njih posve su racionalno zaključili

that if they wanted to make some money online

da ukoliko žele zaraditi na internetu

or get some attention online,

ili dobiti nešto pozornosti,

they should just be as outrageous as possible.

moraju biti što luđi.

But I talked to other people who were true ideologues.

No, razgovarao sam i s drugima, koji su pravi ideolozi.

And to be clear, their ideology was not traditional conservatism.

Da budem jasan, njihova ideologija nije tradicionalni konzervativizam.

These were people who wanted to revoke female suffrage.

To su ljudi koji bi željeli ukinuti ženama pravo glasa.

These were people who wanted to go back to racial segregation.

To su ljudi koji bi se vratili u vremena rasnih podjela.

Some of them wanted to do away with democracy altogether.

Neki od njih u cijelosti bi ukinuli demokraciju.

Now, obviously these people were not born believing these things.

Ovi ljudi nisu rođeni vjerujući u takve stvari.

They didn't pick them up in elementary school.

Nisu ih naučili u osnovnoj školi.

A lot of them, before they went down some internet rabbit hole,

Mnogi od njih, prije negoli su kliznuli u zečju rupu interneta,

they had been libertarian or they had been socialist

bili su libertarijanci ili čak socijalisti,

or they had been something else entirely.

ili nešto posve drugačije.

So what was going on?

O čemu je bila riječ?

Well, I can't generalize about every case,

Ne mogu govoriti za svaki slučaj,

but a lot of the people I spoke to,

ali mnogi ljudi s kojima sam pričao

they seem to have a combination of a high IQ and a low EQ.

imali su kombinaciju visokog IQ-a i niskog EQ-a.

They seem to take comfort in anonymous, online spaces

Čini se da se dobro snalaze u anonimnim prostranstvima interneta,

rather than connecting in the real world.

umjesto stvaranja odnosa u stvarnosti.

So often they would retreat to these message boards

Povlačili bi se na internet forume

or these subreddits,

ili "subreddite",

where their worst impulses would be magnified.

gdje su se njihovi najgori impulsi još povećavali.

They might start out saying something just as a sick joke,

Možda bi započinjali razgovore neukusnim šalama,

and then they would get so much positive reinforcement for that joke,

a onda bi ih netko ohrabrio zbog tih šala,

so many meaningless "internet points," as they called it,

beznačajnih "internet točki", kako ih nazivaju,

that they might start believing their own joke.

da bi na kraju počeli vjerovati u te svoje šale.

I talked a lot with one young woman who grew up in New Jersey,

Pričao sam s jednom mladom ženom koja je odrasla u New Jerseyu,

and then after high school, she moved to a new place

nakon srednje škole odselila se u drugi grad

and suddenly she just felt alienated and cut off

i odjednom se osjećala usamljeno i izolirano,

and started retreating into her phone.

i utjehu pronašla u mobitelu.

She found some of these spaces on the internet

Pronašla je neke od ovih prostora na internetu

where people would post the most shocking, heinous things.

gdje ljudi postaju šokantne, odvratne stvari.

And she found this stuff really off-putting

Sve joj je to bilo odbojno,

but also kind of engrossing,

ali u isto vrijeme ju je fasciniralo,

kind of like she couldn't look away from it.

toliko da nije mogla prestati čitati.

She started interacting with people in these online spaces,

Počela je komunicirati s ljudima na tim internet stranicama,

and they made her feel smart, they made her feel validated.

zbog kojih se počela osjećati pametno i vrijedno.

She started feeling a sense of community,

Počela je osjećati duh zajedništva

i pitati se sadrže li neki od tih šokantnih postova

started wondering if maybe some of these shocking memes

ipak i mrvicu istine.

might actually contain a kernel of truth.

A few months later, she was in a car with some of her new internet friends

Nekoliko mjeseci kasnije, s novim prijateljima s interneta

headed to Charlottesville, Virginia,

vozila se u Charlottesville u Virginiji,

to march with torches in the name of the white race.

kako bi stupala u paradi s bakljama, u ime bijele rase.

She'd gone, in a few months, from Obama supporter

U nekoliko mjeseci pretvorila se iz Obaminog birača

to fully radicalized white supremacist.

u potpuno radikaliziranog bijelog supremacista.

Now, in her particular case,

U njenom slučaju,

she actually was able to find her way out of the cult of white supremacy.

ona se uspjela osloboditi iz kulta bjelačkog supremacizma.

But a lot of the people I spoke to were not.

Ali mnogi s kojima sam razgovarao nisu.

And just to be clear:

Samo da pojasnim:

I was never so convinced that I had to find common ground

nikad nisam bio uvjeren da moram pronaći nešto zajedničko

with every single person I spoke to

sa svakom osobom s kojom sam komunicirao,

that I was willing to say,

tako da bih mogao reći,

"You know what, man, you're a fascist propagandist, I'm not,

"Znaš stari, ti si fašist, ja nisam,

whatever, let's just hug it out, all our differences will melt away."

dođi da se zagrlimo i sve naše razlike će nestati."

No, absolutely not.

Ne, apsolutno ne.

But I did become convinced that we cannot just look away from this stuff.

Ali uvjerio sam se da ne možemo ignorirati ovakve stvari.

We have to try to understand it, because only by understanding it

Moramo ih pokušati razumjeti, zato jer jedino kroz razumijevanje

can we even start to inoculate ourselves against it.

možemo uopće početi štititi se od takvih stvari.

In my three years in this world, I got a few nasty phone calls,

U ove tri godine, primio sam nekoliko gadnih poziva,

even some threats,

čak i nekoliko prijetnji,

but it wasn't a fraction of what female journalists get on this beat.

ali to nije ni dio onog što proživljavaju novinarke.

And yeah, I am Jewish,

I da, ja sam Židov,

although, weirdly, a lot of the Nazis couldn't tell I was Jewish,

iako, začudo, mnogi nacisti nisu prepoznali da sam Židov,

which I frankly just found kind of disappointing.

što me, iskreno, pomalo razočaralo.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Seriously, like, your whole job is being a professional anti-Semite.

Ozbiljno, a oni su profesionalni antisemiti.

Nothing about me is tipping you off at all?

Zar me ništa na meni nije odalo?

Nothing?

Baš ništa?

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

This is not a secret.

Ovo nije tajna.

My name is Andrew Marantz, I write for "The New Yorker,"

Zovem se Andrew Marantz, pišem za "The New Yorker",

my personality type is like if a Seinfeld episode

imam osobnost kao lik iz epizode Seinfelda

was taped at the Park Slope Food Coop.

snimljene u Park Slope trgovini.

Nothing?

Ništa?

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Anyway, look -- ultimately, it would be nice

Na kraju krajeva, bilo bi lijepo

if there were, like, a simple formula:

da postoji jednostavna formula:

smartphone plus alienated kid equals 12 percent chance of Nazi.

mobitel plus usamljeni klinac jednako je 12% šanse da postane nacist.

It's obviously not that simple.

Jasno, to nije tako jednostavno.

And in my writing,

U mojim tekstovima

I'm much more comfortable being descriptive, not prescriptive.

lakše mi je opisivati, nego govoriti što je ispravno.

But this is TED,

Ali ovo je TED

so let's get practical.

pa budimo praktični.

I want to share a few suggestions

Želim dati nekoliko prijedloga

of things that citizens of the internet like you and I

što građani interneta poput vas i mene

might be able to do to make things a little bit less toxic.

mogu učiniti da stvari postanu malo manje toksične.

So the first one is to be a smart skeptic.

Prva je da budete pametni skeptik.

So, I think there are two kinds of skepticism.

Mislim da postoje dvije vrste skepticizma.

And I don't want to drown you in technical epistemological information here,

I ne želim vas udaviti definicijama,

but I call them smart and dumb skepticism.

ali ja ih zovem pametnim i glupim skepticizmom.

So, smart skepticism:

Dakle, pametni skepticizam:

thinking for yourself,

misliti svojom glavom,

questioning every claim,

preispitati činjenice,

demanding evidence --

tražiti dokaze,

great, that's real skepticism.

sve je to zdravi skepticizam.

Dumb skepticism: it sounds like skepticism,

Glupi skepticizam: zvuči kao skepticizam,

but it's actually closer to knee-jerk contrarianism.

ali je zapravo bliže refleksnom kontriranju.

Everyone says the earth is round,

Svi kažu da je Zemlja okrugla,

you say it's flat.

ti kažeš da je ravna.

Everyone says racism is bad,

Svi kažu da je rasizam loš,

you say, "I dunno, I'm skeptical about that."

ti kažeš, "Ne znam, skeptik sam u vezi s tim."

I cannot tell you how many young white men I have spoken to in the last few years

Ne mogu vam reći s koliko sam mladih bijelih muškaraca pričao

who have said,

koji su mi rekli,

"You know, the media, my teachers, they're all trying to indoctrinate me

"Znaš, mediji, moji nastavnici, svi me pokušavaju indoktrinirati

into believing in male privilege and white privilege,

da povjerujem u privilegije muškaraca i bijelaca,

but I don't know about that, man, I don't think so."

ali ja nisam baš uvjeren da je to tako."

Guys -- contrarian white teens of the world --

Dečki, kontrirajući bijeli tinejdžeri svijeta,

look:

gledajte,

if you are being a round earth skeptic and a male privilege skeptic

ukoliko ne vjerujete da je Zemlja okrugla, muškarci privilegirani

and a racism is bad skeptic,

i da je rasizam loš,

you're not being a skeptic, you're being a jerk.

vi niste skeptik, nego budala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

It's great to be independent-minded, we all should be independent-minded,

Odlično je biti nezavisni mislilac, svi bismo trebali biti takvi,

but just be smart about it.

ali trebamo to raditi pametno.

So this next one is about free speech.

Sad bih se osvrnuo na slobodu govora.

You will hear smart, accomplished people who will say, "Well, I'm pro-free speech,"

Često čujemo pametne, uspješne ljude koji kažu da se zalažu za slobodu govora,

and they say it in this way that it's like they're settling a debate,

i to kažu na način kao da je to kraj rasprave o ovakvim temama.

when actually, that is the very beginning of any meaningful conversation.

Zapravo, to je tek početak bilo kojeg značajnog razgovora.

All the interesting stuff happens after that point.

Sve zanimljivo događa se nakon te izjave.

OK, you're pro-free speech. What does that mean?

OK, zalažete se za slobodu govora. Što to znači?

Does it mean that David Duke and Richard Spencer

Znači li to da David Duke i Richard Spencer

need to have active Twitter accounts?

moraju imati aktivne profile na Twitteru?

Does it mean that anyone can harass anyone else online

Znači li to da bilo tko ima pravo uznemiravati druge

for any reason?

iz bilo kojeg razloga?

You know, I looked through the entire list of TED speakers this year.

Pregledao sam sve govornike na TED događanjima ove godine.

Nisam našao nijednog ravnozemljaša.

I didn't find a single round earth skeptic.

Is that a violation of free speech norms?

Znači li to da su prekršene slobode govora?

Look, we're all pro-free speech, it's wonderful to be pro-free speech,

Svi smo mi za slobodu govora, divno je biti za slobodu govora,

but if that's all you know how to say again and again,

ali ako je to sve što znate i neprestano ponavljate,

you're standing in the way of a more productive conversation.

sprječavate mogućnost korisnijeg razgovora.

Making decency cool again, so ...

Vratimo uljudnost u modu.

Great!

Sjajno!

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Yeah. I don't even need to explain it.

To ne moram ni objašnjavati.

So in my research, I would go to Reddit or YouTube or Facebook,

U svom istraživanju išao sam na Reddit, YouTube i Facebook

and I would search for "sharia law"

i tražio sam "šerijatsko pravo"

or I would search for "the Holocaust,"

ili npr. "Holokaust",

and you might be able to guess what the algorithms showed me, right?

i možete naslutiti što su mi algoritmi pokazali, zar ne?

"Is sharia law sweeping across the United States?"

"Je li šerijatsko pravo zavladalo SAD-om?"

"Did the Holocaust really happen?"

"Je li se Holokaust uopće dogodio?"

Dumb skepticism.

Glupi skepticizam.

So we've ended up in this bizarre dynamic online,

Tako smo završili u ovoj bizarnoj online dinamici,

where some people see bigoted propaganda

u kojoj neki vide netrpeljivu propagandu

as being edgy or being dangerous and cool,

kao nešto izazovno, opasno i privlačno,

and people see basic truth and human decency as pearl-clutching

a obične istine i uljudnost se percipiraju kao prenemaganje,

or virtue-signaling or just boring.

glumatanje ili jednostavno nešto dosadno.

And the social media algorithms, whether intentionally or not,

Algoritmi društvenih mreža su, namjerno ili nenamjerno

they have incentivized this,

pripomogli ovakvoj situaciji,

because bigoted propaganda is great for engagement.

zato što netrpeljiva propaganda potiče reakcije drugih.

Everyone clicks on it, everyone comments on it,

Svi na to klikaju, svi komentiraju,

whether they love it or they hate it.

bilo da to vole ili mrze.

So the number one thing that has to happen here

Prva stvar koja se treba dogoditi

is social networks need to fix their platforms.

jest da društvene mreže porade na svojim platformama.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

So if you're listening to my voice and you work at a social media company

Ukoliko me sada slušate i radite za neku od društvenih mreža

or you invest in one or, I don't know, own one,

ili ste njihov investitor ili vlasnik,

this tip is for you.

ovo je savjet za vas.

If you have been optimizing for maximum emotional engagement

Ukoliko ste optimizirali za maksimalan emotivni angažman

and maximum emotional engagement turns out to be actively harming the world,

i to se pokazalo destruktivnim za ovaj svijet,

it's time to optimize for something else.

vrijeme je da optimiziramo za nešto drugo.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

But in addition to putting pressure on them to do that

Osim što ćemo izvršiti pritisak da se društvene mreže promijene,

and waiting for them and hoping that they'll do that,

čekati i nadati se da će se promijeniti,

there's some stuff that the rest of us can do, too.

postoji još nešto što svi možemo učiniti.

So, we can create some better pathways or suggest some better pathways

Možemo stvoriti ili sugerirati alternative

for angsty teens to go down.

za otuđene tinejdžere.

If you see something that you think is really creative and thoughtful

Ako vidite nešto kreativno ili duboko,

podijelite to na svojim profilima,

and you want to share that thing, you can share that thing,

čak i ako niste preplavljeni intenzivnim osjećajima.

even if it's not flooding you with high arousal emotion.

Jasno mi je da je to mali korak,

Now that is a very small step, I realize,

ali ako to svi učinimo, onda to postaje važno,

but in the aggregate, this stuff does matter,

because these algorithms, as powerful as they are,

jer bez obzira na moć algoritama,

they are taking their behavioral cues from us.

oni se oblikuju prema našem ponašanju.

So let me leave you with this.

Dozvolite mi da kažem još ovo.

You know, a few years ago it was really fashionable

Prije nekoliko godina bilo je zaista moderno

to say that the internet was a revolutionary tool

reći da je internet revolucionaran alat

that was going to bring us all together.

koji će nas sve povezati.

It's now more fashionable to say

Sad je moderno govoriti

that the internet is a huge, irredeemable dumpster fire.

da je internet jedan golemi kontejner pun smeća koje gori.

Neither caricature is really true.

Nijedna od ovih karikatura nije točna.

We know the internet is just too vast and complex

Svi znamo da je internet prevelik i prekompleksan

to be all good or all bad.

da bi bio "dobar" ili "loš".

And the danger with these ways of thinking,

Ovakav način razmišljanja je opasan,

whether it's the utopian view that the internet will inevitably save us

bilo da je utopijski, da će nas internet spasiti,

or the dystopian view that it will inevitably destroy us,

ili distopijski, da će nas neminovno uništiti,

either way, we're letting ourselves off the hook.

u svakom slučaju - gubimo kontrolu.

There is nothing inevitable about our future.

Ništa nije sigurno o našoj budućnosti.

The internet is made of people.

Internet čine ljudi.

People make decisions at social media companies.

Ljudi donose odluke u tvrtkama koje posjeduju društvene mreže.

People make hashtags trend or not trend.

Ljudi odlučuju koji će hashtagovi biti popularni.

People make societies progress or regress.

Ljudi čine da društva napreduju ili se vraćaju unatrag.

When we internalize that fact,

Kad to shvatimo,

we can stop waiting for some inevitable future to arrive

možemo prestati čekati nekakvu neizvjesnu budućnost da se ostvari

and actually get to work now.

i početi stvarati sada.

You know, we've all been taught that the arc of the moral universe is long

Uče nas da je luk moralnog svemira dug,

ali da se ipak savija prema pravdi.

but that it bends toward justice.

Maybe.

Možda.

Maybe it will.

Možda je to uistinu tako.

But that has always been an aspiration.

Ali to je samo aspiracija,

It is not a guarantee.

nije garancija.

The arc doesn't bend itself.

Luk se neće saviti sam.

It's not bent inevitably by some mysterious force.

Neće ga saviti neka nevidljiva sila.

The real truth,

Stvarna istina,

which is scarier and also more liberating,

koja je strašnija, ali i oslobađajuća,

is that we bend it.

jest da ga mi savijamo.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)