Our immigration conversation is broken -- here's how to have a better one | Paul A. Kramer

55,097 views ใƒป 2019-12-02

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ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Nawal Sharabati ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Riyad Almubarak
00:12
We often hear these days that the immigration system is broken.
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ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ู…ุง ู†ุณู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู… ุนู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุตุงุจ ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌุฑุฉ.
00:16
I want to make the case today that our immigration conversation is broken
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ุฃุฑุบุจ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ููŠ ุฅุซุงุฑุฉ ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ุฃู† ู†ู‚ุงุดู†ุง ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู‡ุฌุฑุฉ ู‚ุฏ ุชูˆู‚ู
00:21
and to suggest some ways that, together, we might build a better one.
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ูˆุงู‚ุชุฑุงุญ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุฏ ู†ุจู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุนู‹ุง ู†ู‚ุงุดู‹ุง ุฃูุถู„.
00:26
In order to do that, I'm going to propose some new questions
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ูˆู„ู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุณุฃู‚ุชุฑุญ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ
00:29
about immigration,
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ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู‡ุฌุฑุฉุŒ
00:31
the United States
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ูˆุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ
00:32
and the world,
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ูˆุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
00:33
questions that might move the borders of the immigration debate.
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ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ู‚ุฏ ุชุญุฑูƒ ุฅุทุงุฑ ู†ู‚ุงุด ุงู„ู‡ุฌุฑุฉ.
00:39
I'm not going to begin with the feverish argument that we're currently having,
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ู„ู† ุฃุจุฏุฃ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฌุฏุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุญู…ูˆู… ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑ ุญุงู„ูŠู‹ุงุŒ
00:43
even as the lives and well-being of immigrants are being put at risk
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุชุนุฑุถ ุญูŠุงุฉ ูˆุฑูุงู‡ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุทุฑ
00:48
at the US border and far beyond it.
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ููŠ ุญุฏูˆุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ูˆู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃุจุนุฏ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ.
00:51
Instead, I'm going to begin with me in graduate school
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ุณุฃุจุฏุฃ ุจุฏู„ู‹ุง ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุนูŠ ูˆุฃู†ุง ููŠ ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุงู„ุนู„ูŠุง
00:54
in New Jersey in the mid-1990s, earnestly studying US history,
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ููŠ ู†ูŠูˆุฌูŠุฑุณูŠ ููŠ ุฃูˆุงุณุท ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู†ูŠุงุชุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃุฏุฑุณ ุฌุฏูŠู‹ุง ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉุŒ
00:57
which is what I currently teach as a professor at Vanderbilt University
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ ุญุงู„ูŠู‹ุง ูƒุฃุณุชุงุฐ ููŠ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ูุงู†ุฏูŠุฑุจูŠู„ุช
01:01
in Nashville, Tennessee.
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ููŠ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู†ุงุดููŠู„ ููŠ ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ุชูŠู†ุณูŠ.
01:03
And when I wasn't studying,
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ู„ุง ุฃุฏุฑุณุŒ
01:05
sometimes to avoid writing my dissertation,
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ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ู„ุฃุชุฌู†ุจ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุฃุทุฑูˆุญุชูŠุŒ
01:07
my friends and I would go into town
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ูƒู†ู‘ุง ุฃู†ุง ูˆุฃุตุฏู‚ุงุฆูŠ ู†ุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ
01:10
to hand out neon-colored flyers, protesting legislation
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ู„ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑุงุช ุฒุงู‡ูŠุฉ ู…ุชูˆู‡ุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงุญุชุฌุงุฌู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠุน
01:15
that was threatening to take away immigrants' rights.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ูŠู‡ุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู† ุจุณู„ุจ ุญู‚ูˆู‚ู‡ู….
01:19
Our flyers were sincere, they were well-meaning,
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ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑุงุชู†ุง ุตุงุฏู‚ุฉ ูˆุชุญู…ู„ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู†ูŠุŒ
01:22
they were factually accurate ...
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ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠุฉ...
01:24
But I realize now, they were also kind of a problem.
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ู„ูƒู†ูŠ ุฃุฏุฑูƒุช ุญุงู„ูŠู‹ุงุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุดูƒู„ ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„.
01:27
Here's what they said:
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ุฅู„ูŠูƒู… ู…ุง ุตุงุบุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑุงุช:
01:28
"Don't take away immigrant rights to public education,
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"ู„ุง ุชุณู„ุจูˆุง ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู† ููŠู…ุง ูŠุฎุต ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุนุงู…ุŒ
01:33
to medical services, to the social safety net.
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ูˆุงู„ุฎุฏู…ุงุช ุงู„ุทุจูŠุฉ ูˆุดูƒุจุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ู† ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ.
01:36
They work hard.
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู† ุจุฌุฏ.
01:37
They pay taxes.
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ูˆูŠุฏูุนูˆู† ุงู„ุถุฑุงุฆุจ.
01:39
They're law-abiding.
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ูˆูŠุญุชุฑู…ูˆู† ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†.
01:41
They use social services less than Americans do.
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ูˆูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุฎุฏู…ุงุช ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูŠู†.
01:45
They're eager to learn English,
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ูˆุฅู†ู‡ู… ุชูˆุงู‚ูˆู† ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉุŒ
01:47
and their children serve in the US military all over the world."
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ูˆูŠุฎุฏู… ุฃูˆู„ุงุฏู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ุนุณูƒุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…".
01:52
Now, these are, of course, arguments that we hear every day.
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ุญุงู„ูŠู‹ุงุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุฎู„ุงูุงุช ู†ุณู…ุนู‡ุง ูŠูˆู…ูŠู‹ุงุŒ
01:55
Immigrants and their advocates use them
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ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู† ูˆุฃู†ุตุงุฑู‡ู…
01:59
as they confront those who would deny immigrants their rights
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ูˆู‡ู… ูŠูˆุงุฌู‡ูˆู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุชู†ูƒุฑูˆู† ู„ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู†
02:03
or even exclude them from society.
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ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ูŠุณุชุจุนุฏูˆู†ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน.
02:06
And up to a certain point, it makes perfect sense
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ูˆููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉุŒ ูŠุตุจุญ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠู‹ุง ุฌุฏู‹ุง
02:09
that these would be the kinds of claims that immigrants' defenders would turn to.
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ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุฏุนุงุกุงุช ุณูŠุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฏุงูุนูˆู† ุนู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู†.
02:14
But in the long term, and maybe even in the short term,
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ู„ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุจุนูŠุฏุŒ ูˆุฑุจู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุตูŠุฑุŒ
02:18
I think these arguments can be counterproductive.
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ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู†ุจุซู‚ ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูุงุช ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุนูƒุณูŠุฉุŒ
02:21
Why?
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ
02:23
Because it's always an uphill battle
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุนุฏ ุฏูˆู…ู‹ุง ุจู…ุซุงุจุฉ ู…ุนุฑูƒุฉ ุตุนุจุฉ
02:25
to defend yourself on your opponent's terrain.
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ุฃู† ูŠุฏุงูุน ุงู„ู…ุฑุก ุนู† ู†ูุณู‡ ููŠ ุฃุฑุถ ุฎุตู…ู‡.
02:29
And, unwittingly, the handouts my friends and I were handing out
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ูˆุจุดูƒู„ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏุŒ ูุงู„ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒู†ุช ูˆุฃุตุฏู‚ุงุฆูŠ ู†ูˆุฒุนู‡ุง
02:33
and the versions of these arguments that we hear today
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ูˆุตูŠุบ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุณู…ุนู‡ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
02:37
were actually playing the anti-immigrants game.
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ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุชู…ุซู„ ุฎุทุฉ ู„ู…ูƒุงูุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู†.
02:40
We were playing that game in part by envisioning
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ูƒู†ุง ู†ุฎุทุท ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฌุฒุฆูŠู‹ุง ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุชุฎูŠู‘ู„
02:43
that immigrants were outsiders,
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ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู† ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุบุฑุจุงุกุŒ
02:45
rather than, as I'm hoping to suggest in a few minutes,
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ุจุฏู„ู‹ุง ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุขู…ู„ู ุฃู† ุฃู‚ุชุฑุญ ููŠ ุจุถุน ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚ุŒ
02:48
people that are already, in important ways, on the inside.
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ูุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู‡ู… ูุนู„ู‹ุงุŒ ููŠ ุฌูˆุงู†ุจู ู‡ุงู…ุฉุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„.
02:54
It's those who are hostile to immigrants, the nativists,
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู…ูุนุงุฏูŠู† ู„ู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู†ุŒ ูˆูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆู† ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู… ูˆุทู†ูŠูŠู†ุŒ
02:57
who have succeeded in framing the immigration debate
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู†ุฌุญูˆุง ููŠ ุตูŠุงุบุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฏุงู„ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู†
03:00
around three main questions.
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ููŠู…ุง ูŠุฎุต ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ:
03:03
First, there's the question of whether immigrants can be useful tools.
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ุฃูˆู„ู‹ุงุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ููŠู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ู…ููŠุฏุฉ.
03:09
How can we use immigrants?
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ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุณุชุบู„ุงู„ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู†ุŸ
03:12
Will they make us richer and stronger?
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ู‡ู„ ุณูŠุฌุนู„ูˆู†ู†ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุซุฑุงุกู‹ ูˆู‚ูˆุฉุŸ
03:17
The nativist answer to this question is no,
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ุฌูˆุงุจ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠูŠู† ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ููŠุŒ
03:20
immigrants have little or nothing to offer.
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ู„ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูˆู† ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฃูˆ ู„ุง ุดูŠุก ู„ุชู‚ุฏูŠู…ู‡.
03:24
The second question is whether immigrants are others.
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ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูˆู† ุจู…ุซุงุจุฉ ุขุฎุฑูŠู†.
03:30
Can immigrants become more like us?
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ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู† ุฃู† ูŠุตุจุญูˆุง ู…ุซู„ู†ุงุŸ
03:34
Are they capable of becoming more like us?
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ู‡ู„ ู‡ู… ู‚ุงุฏุฑูˆู† ู„ูŠุตุจุญูˆุง ู…ุซู„ู†ุงุŸ
03:37
Are they capable of assimilating?
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ู‡ู„ ู‡ู… ู‚ุงุฏุฑูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุฏู…ุงุฌ ู…ุนู†ุงุŸ
03:39
Are they willing to assimilate?
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ู‡ู„ ู‡ู… ูŠุฑุบุจูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุฏู…ุงุฌุŸ
03:41
Here, again, the nativist answer is no,
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ูˆุฌูˆุงุจ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠูˆู† ู…ุฌุฏุฏู‹ุง ู‡ูˆ ุจุงู„ู†ููŠุŒ
03:43
immigrants are permanently different from us and inferior to us.
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ูŠุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูˆู† ูƒู„ูŠู‹ุง ุนู†ุง ูˆู‡ู… ุฃุฏู†ู‰ ู…ู†ุง.
03:49
And the third question is whether immigrants are parasites.
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ูˆุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ู‡ูˆ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูˆู† ุจู…ุซุงุจุฉ ุทููŠู„ูŠุงุช.
03:54
Are they dangerous to us? And will they drain our resources?
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ู‡ู„ ูŠุนุฏูˆู† ุฎุทุฑู‹ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅู„ูŠู†ุงุŸ ู‡ู„ ุณูŠุณุชู†ุฒููˆู† ูƒู„ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏู†ุงุŸ
03:59
Here, the nativist answer is yes and yes,
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ูˆูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง ุฌูˆุงุจ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠูˆู† ู†ุนู… ูˆู†ุนู…ุŒ
04:02
immigrants pose a threat and they sap our wealth.
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ูŠุดู‘ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูˆู† ุชู‡ุฏูŠุฏู‹ุงุŒ ูˆูŠุณุชู†ุฒููˆู† ุซุฑูˆุงุชู†ุง.
04:07
I would suggest that these three questions and the nativist animus behind them
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ุณุฃู‚ุชุฑุญ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆุนุฏุงุก ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠู† ูˆุฑุงุกู‡ุง
04:11
have succeeded in framing the larger contours of the immigration debate.
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ู†ุฌุญุชุง ููŠ ุตูŠุงุบุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ู… ููŠู…ุง ูŠุฎุต ุงู„ุฌุฏุงู„ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู†.
04:15
These questions are anti-immigrant and nativist at their core,
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ุชุนุงุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู† ูˆูŠุนุฏ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠูˆู† ููŠ ุฌูˆู‡ุฑู‡ุงุŒ
04:20
built around a kind of hierarchical division of insiders and outsiders,
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ูˆู…ุจู†ูŠุฉ ุญูˆู„ ู†ูˆุนู ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู‚ุณูŠู… ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูŠ ู„ุณูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ูˆุงู„ุบุฑุจุงุกุŒ
04:26
us and them,
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ู†ุญู† ูˆู‡ู…ุŒ
04:28
in which only we matter,
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ููŠู…ุง ูŠู‡ู…ู†ุง ูู‚ุทุŒ
04:31
and they don't.
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ูˆู„ุง ูŠู‡ู…ู‡ู….
04:33
And what gives these questions traction and power
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ูˆู…ุง ูŠู…ู†ุญ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุฑุฏูˆุฏ ุงู„ูุนู„ ูˆุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ
04:36
beyond the circle of committed nativists
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ู„ู…ุง ูˆุฑุงุก ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุฒุงู… ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠูŠู†
04:38
is the way they tap into an everyday, seemingly harmless sense
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ู‡ูˆ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุชู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุถุบุท ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุถุงุฑุฉ
04:43
of national belonging
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ู„ู„ุงู†ุชู…ุงุก ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠ
04:45
and activate it, heighten it
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ูˆุชูุนูŠู„ู‡ ูˆู…ุถุงุนูุชู‡
04:47
and inflame it.
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ูˆุฅุดุนุงู„ู‡.
04:50
Nativists commit themselves to making stark distinctions
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ูŠุชุนู‡ุฏ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠูˆู† ุจุฅุญุฏุงุซ ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ ุดุฏูŠุฏ
04:55
between insiders and outsiders.
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ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุณูƒุงู† ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุบุฑุจุงุก.
04:57
But the distinction itself is at the heart of the way nations define themselves.
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ู„ูƒู† ูŠู‚ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ ุจุญุฏ ุฐุงุชู‡ ููŠ ุฌูˆู‡ุฑ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ู… ู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู….
05:02
The fissures between inside and outside,
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ูุงู„ุฅู†ุดู‚ุงู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ูˆุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌุŒ
05:06
which often run deepest along lines of race and religion,
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู…ูŠู‚ู‹ุง ุงุณุชู†ุงุฏู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠู†ุŒ
05:11
are always there to be deepened and exploited.
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ูˆู‡ู…ุง ุฏูˆู…ู‹ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู„ูŠูƒูˆู†ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนู…ู‚ู‹ุง ูˆุงุณุชุบู„ุงู„ู‹ุง.
05:15
And that potentially gives nativist approaches resonance
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ูˆูŠู…ู†ุญ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠูŠู† ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฌุงูˆุจ
05:19
far beyond those who consider themselves anti-immigrant,
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ุจุนูŠุฏู‹ุง ุนู† ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆู† ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู… ู…ุนุงุฏูŠู† ู„ู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู†ุŒ
05:23
and remarkably, even among some who consider themselves pro-immigrant.
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ูˆุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู„ูุช ู„ู„ู†ุธุฑุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุจูŠู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆู† ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู… ู…ู†ุงุตุฑูŠู† ู„ู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู†.
05:28
So, for example, when Immigrants Act allies
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุญู„ูุงุก ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู†
05:32
answer these questions the nativists are posing,
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ูŠุฑุฏูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุนุงุฑุถู‡ุง ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠูˆู†.
05:35
they take them seriously.
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ูุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠุฃุฎุฐูˆู†ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุฌุฏ.
05:37
They legitimate those questions and, to some extent,
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠุดู‘ุฑุนูˆู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉุŒ ูˆุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏู ู…ุงุŒ
05:40
the anti-immigrant assumptions that are behind them.
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ุชูƒู…ู†ู ุงู„ูุฑุถูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู† ุฎู„ู ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ.
05:44
When we take these questions seriously without even knowing it,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุฌุฏ ุฏูˆู† ู…ุนุฑูุชู‡ุงุŒ
05:48
we're reinforcing the closed, exclusionary borders
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ูุฅู†ู†ุง ู†ุนุฒุฒ ุงู„ุฅุทุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ุบู„ู‚ุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠู‘ุฏุฉ
05:51
of the immigration conversation.
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ุจุดุฃู† ู†ู‚ุงุด ุงู„ู‡ุฌุฑุฉ.
ููƒูŠู ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉุŸ
05:55
So how did we get here?
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05:56
How did these become the leading ways that we talk about immigration?
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ูƒูŠู ุฃุตุจุญุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุชู‚ูˆุฏ ุทุฑู‚ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู† ุงู„ู‡ุฌุฑุฉุŸ
06:01
Here, we need some backstory,
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ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุตุฉ ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉุŒ
06:02
which is where my history training comes in.
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠู†ุจุซู‚ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎูŠ ุจุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุจ.
06:05
During the first century of the US's status as an independent nation,
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ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู„ู…ูƒุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ูƒุฃู…ุฉ ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ุฉุŒ
06:11
it did very little to restrict immigration at the national level.
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ู‚ุงู…ุช ุจุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู„ุชู‚ูŠูŠุฏ ุงู„ู‡ุฌุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠ.
06:15
In fact, many policymakers and employers worked hard
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ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุตุงู†ุนูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุฑ ูˆุฃุตุญุงุจ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุจุฌุฏ
06:17
to recruit immigrants
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ู„ุชูˆุธูŠู ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู†
06:20
to build up industry
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ู„ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
06:22
and to serve as settlers, to seize the continent.
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ูˆุงู„ุฎุฏู…ุฉ ูƒู…ุณุชูˆุทู†ูŠู† ู„ู„ุณูŠุทุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฑุฉ.
06:26
But after the Civil War,
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ู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู„ูŠุฉุŒ
06:29
nativist voices rose in volume and in power.
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ุงุฑุชูุนุช ุฃุตูˆุงุช ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุตุนูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ูˆุงู„ู†ููˆุฐ.
06:35
The Asian, Latin American, Caribbean and European immigrants
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ูุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูˆู† ู…ู† ุขุณูŠุง ูˆุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุงู„ู„ุงุชูŠู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุงุฑูŠุจูŠู‡ ูˆู…ู† ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง
06:40
who dug Americans' canals,
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุญูุฑูˆุง ู‚ู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูŠู†ุŒ
06:43
cooked their dinners,
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ูˆุญุถู‘ุฑูˆุง ูˆุฌุจุงุช ุทุนุงู…ู‡ู…ุŒ
06:44
fought their wars
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ูˆู†ุงุถู„ูˆุง ููŠ ุญุฑูˆุจู‡ู…
06:46
and put their children to bed at night
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ูˆูˆุถุนูˆุง ุฃุทูุงู„ู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณู‘ุฑุฉ ู„ูŠู„ู‹ุง
06:48
were met with a new and intense xenophobia,
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ู‚ูˆุจู„ูˆุง ุจูƒุฑุงู‡ูŠุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ูˆุดุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู„ู„ุฃุฌุงู†ุจุŒ
06:52
which cast immigrants as permanent outsiders
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ูˆุถุนุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู† ูƒุบุฑุจุงุก ุจุดูƒู„ ุฏุงุฆู…
06:56
who should never be allowed to become insiders.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ุง ูŠุชุนูŠู† ุงู„ุณู…ุงุญ ู„ู‡ู… ู…ุทู„ู‚ู‹ุง ู„ูŠุตุจุญูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„.
ููŠ ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู†ูŠุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุŒ ุงู†ุชุตุฑ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠูˆู†ุŒ
07:00
By the mid-1920s, the nativists had won,
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07:02
erecting racist laws
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ููŠ ุณู† ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุฉ
07:04
that closed out untold numbers of vulnerable immigrants and refugees.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ู†ุนุช ู…ู† ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆูŠู† ุงู„ุถุนูุงุก.
ุจุฐู„ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูˆู† ูˆุญู„ูุงุคู‡ู… ู‚ุตุงุฑู‰ ุฌู‡ุฏู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉุŒ
07:11
Immigrants and their allies did their best to fight back,
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07:14
but they found themselves on the defensive,
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ู„ูƒู† ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู… ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฏูุงุนุŒ
07:16
caught in some ways in the nativists' frames.
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ูˆุฃู„ู‚ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ู‚ุจุถ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ููŠ ูƒูˆุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠูŠู†.
07:20
When nativists said that immigrants weren't useful,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠูˆู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู†ุŒ
07:25
their allies said yes, they are.
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ู‚ุงู„ ุญู„ูุงุคู‡ู… ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู…ููŠุฏูˆู†.
07:28
When nativists accused immigrants of being others,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุงุชู‡ู… ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠูˆู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู† ุจุฃู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูˆู†ุŒ
07:33
their allies promised that they would assimilate.
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ุชุนู‡ุฏ ุญู„ูุงุคู‡ู… ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู…ู†ุฏู…ุฌูˆู†.
07:37
When nativists charged that immigrants were dangerous parasites,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุงุชู‡ู… ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠูˆู† ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู† ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุทููŠู„ูŠุงุช ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉุŒ
07:43
their allies emphasized their loyalty, their obedience,
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ุฃูƒุฏ ุญู„ูุงุคู‡ู… ูˆู„ุงุกู‡ู… ูˆุฑุถูˆุฎู‡ู…ุŒ
07:46
their hard work and their thrift.
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ูˆุนู…ู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฌุงุฏ ูˆุชูˆููŠุฑุงุชู‡ู….
07:50
Even as advocates welcomed immigrants,
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ุญุชู‰ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฑุญุจ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุตุฑูˆู† ุจุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู†ุŒ
07:53
many still regarded immigrants as outsiders to be pitied, to be rescued,
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ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู† ูƒุบุฑุจุงุก ูŠุณุชุญู‚ูˆู† ุงู„ุดูู‚ุฉ ูˆูŠุฌุจ ุฅู†ู‚ุงุฐู‡ู…ุŒ
08:00
to be uplifted
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ูˆูŠุชุนูŠู† ุฑูุน ู…ุณุชูˆุงู‡ู…
08:02
and to be tolerated,
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ูˆูŠุชุนูŠู† ู…ุณุงู…ุญุชู‡ู…ุŒ
08:04
but never fully brought inside as equals in rights and respect.
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ู„ูƒู† ู„ู… ูŠุชู… ุฌุฐุจู‡ู… ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ู…ุทู„ู‚ู‹ุง ูƒู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ูˆุงู„ุงุญุชุฑุงู….
08:11
After World War II, and especially from the mid-1960s until really recently,
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ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุณูŠู…ุง ู…ู† ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ุณุชูŠู†ูŠุงุช ุญุชู‰ ู…ุคุฎุฑู‹ุงุŒ
08:17
immigrants and their allies turned the tide,
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ุญูˆู‘ู„ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูˆู† ูˆุญู„ูุงุคู‡ู… ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑุŒ
08:20
overthrowing mid-20th century restriction
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ุจุงู„ุฅุทุงุญุฉ ุจุชู‚ูŠูŠุฏุงุช ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู†
08:23
and winning instead a new system that prioritized family reunification,
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ูˆูƒุณุจ ู†ุธุงู… ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุจุฏู„ู‹ุง ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุนุทูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูˆูŠุฉ ู„ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุดู…ู„ ุงู„ุฃุณุฑุŒ
08:28
the admission of refugees
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ูˆู‚ุจูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆูŠู†
08:29
and the admission of those with special skills.
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ูˆู‚ุจูˆู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุชู…ุชุนูˆู† ุจู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุช ุฎุงุตุฉ.
08:33
But even then,
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ู„ูƒู† ุญุชู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ
08:34
they didn't succeed in fundamentally changing the terms of the debate,
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ู„ู… ูŠู†ุฌุญูˆุง ุฃุณุงุณู‹ุง ููŠ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุดุŒ
08:39
and so that framework endured,
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ูˆุจุฐู„ูƒ ุงุณุชู…ุฑ ุฅุทุงุฑ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ุŒ
08:41
ready to be taken up again in our own convulsive moment.
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ุฌุงู‡ุฒู‹ุง ู„ุงุชุฎุงุฐู‡ ู…ุฌุฏุฏู‹ุง ููŠ ูˆู‚ุชู†ุง ุงู„ุญุงุถุฑ ุงู„ู…ุชุณู… ุจุงู„ุชุดู†ุฌ.
08:47
That conversation is broken.
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ุชูˆู‚ู ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุด.
08:50
The old questions are harmful and divisive.
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ุชุนุฏ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ุถุงุฑุฉ ูˆู…ุซูŠุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู….
08:55
So how do we get from that conversation
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ููƒูŠู ู„ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ูƒุณุจ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุด
08:58
to one that's more likely to get us closer to a world that is fairer,
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ู„ู†ู‚ุงุด ูŠู‚ุฑุจู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุนุงู„ู… ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนุฏุงู„ุฉุŒ
09:02
that is more just,
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ูู‚ุท ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนุฏุงู„ุฉุŒ
09:04
that's more secure?
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ูˆุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฃู…ุงู†ู‹ุงุŸ
09:07
I want to suggest that what we have to do
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ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุงู‚ุชุฑุงุญ ุฃู† ู…ุง ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡
09:09
is one of the hardest things that any society can do:
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ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุฃุตุนุจ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ุฃูŠ ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡:
09:13
to redraw the boundaries of who counts,
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ู„ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุญุฏูˆุฏ ู„ู…ู† ูŠูุนุชุจุฑุŒ
09:17
of whose life, whose rights
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ูˆู„ู…ู† ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ูˆุญู‚ูˆู‚ู‡
09:20
and whose thriving matters.
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ูˆุงุฒุฏู‡ุงุฑู‡ ู…ู‡ู….
09:23
We need to redraw the boundaries.
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ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุตูŠุงุบุฉ ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู.
09:26
We need to redraw the borders of us.
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ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ุญุฏูˆุฏูŠุฉ.
09:31
In order to do that, we need to first take on a worldview that's widely held
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ู„ู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฃูˆู„ู‹ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุณุฎุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุทุงู‚ ูˆุงุณุน
09:36
but also seriously flawed.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ู…ุนูŠุจุฉ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุทูŠุฑ.
09:39
According to that worldview,
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ูˆูู‚ู‹ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉุŒ
09:41
there's the inside of the national boundaries, inside the nation,
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ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ู„ู„ุญุฏูˆุฏ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฉุŒ
09:45
which is where we live, work and mind our own business.
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ุฃูŠู†ู…ุง ู†ุนูŠุด ูˆู†ุนู…ู„ ูˆู†ุนุชู†ูŠ ุจุฃุนู…ุงู„ู†ุง.
09:49
And then there's the outside; there's everywhere else.
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌุŒ ุญูŠุซ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุขุฎุฑ.
09:53
According to this worldview, when immigrants cross into the nation,
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ูˆูู‚ู‹ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุนุจุฑ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฉุŒ
09:57
they're moving from the outside to the inside,
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ูุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ุŒ
10:00
but they remain outsiders.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ู… ูŠุจู‚ูˆู† ุบุฑุจุงุก.
10:03
Any power or resources they receive
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ุชุนุฏู ุฃูŠ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ูŠุชู„ู‚ูˆู†ู‡ุง
10:07
are gifts from us rather than rights.
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ุจู…ุซุงุจุฉ ู…ู†ุญ ู…ู†ุง ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุญู‚ูˆู‚ู‹ุง.
10:11
Now, it's not hard to see why this is such a commonly held worldview.
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ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุตุนุจ ุญุงู„ูŠู‹ุง ุฑุคูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุดุงุฆุนุฉ.
10:16
It's reinforced in everyday ways that we talk and act and behave,
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชูุฏุนู… ุจูƒู„ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ูˆู†ุนู…ู„ ูˆู†ุชุตุฑู ุจู‡ุงุŒ
10:20
down to the bordered maps that we hang up in our schoolrooms.
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ูˆุตูˆู„ู‹ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุฑุงุฆุท ุงู„ุญุฏูˆุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุนู„ู‚ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูุตูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณูŠุฉ.
10:23
The problem with this worldview is that it just doesn't correspond
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ุชุนุฏ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูู‚ุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุจุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ุง ุชุชูู‚ ูู‚ุท
10:27
to the way the world actually works,
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ู…ุน ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ
10:29
and the way it has worked in the past.
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ูˆู„ุง ููŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุนู…ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ.
10:33
Of course, American workers have built up wealth in society.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุญู‚ู‚ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูˆู† ุจุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุญุงู„ ุงู„ุซุฑูˆุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช.
10:38
But so have immigrants,
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ูˆุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูˆู† ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŒ
10:39
particularly in parts of the American economy that are indispensable
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ู„ุง ุณูŠู…ุง ููŠ ู‚ุทุงุนุงุช ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุงุณุชุบู†ุงุก ุนู†ู‡ุง
10:43
and where few Americans work, like agriculture.
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ูˆุญูŠุซ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„.
10:46
Since the nation's founding,
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ู…ู†ุฐ ุชุฃุณูŠุณ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฉุŒ
10:48
Americans have been inside the American workforce.
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ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูˆู† ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ.
10:53
Of course, Americans have built up institutions in society
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ุจู†ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูˆู† ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุคุณู€ู€ุณุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน
10:59
that guarantee rights.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุถู…ู† ุงู„ุญู‚ูˆู‚.
11:01
But so have immigrants.
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ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู†.
11:02
They've been there during every major social movement,
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ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู…ุชูˆุงุฌุฏูŠู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ูƒู„ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉุŒ
11:06
like civil rights and organized labor,
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ูƒุงู„ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุชู†ุธูŠู… ุงู„ุนู…ุงู„ุฉุŒ
11:08
that have fought to expand rights in society for everyone.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุงุถู„ุช ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุชูˆุณูŠุน ุงู„ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู„ูƒู„ ุดุฎุต.
11:12
So immigrants are already inside the struggle
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ูˆุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูˆู† ู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุตุฑุงุน
11:15
for rights, democracy and freedom.
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ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠู…ู‚ุฑุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุญุฑูŠุฉ.
11:19
And finally, Americans and other citizens of the Global North
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ูˆุฃุฎูŠุฑู‹ุงุŒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูŠู† ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ู… ู…ู† ู…ูˆุงุทู†ูŠ ุดู…ุงู„ ุงู„ูƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถูŠุฉ
11:24
haven't minded their own business,
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ู„ู… ูŠู‡ุชู…ูˆุง ุจุฃุนู…ุงู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉุŒ
11:26
and they haven't stayed within their own borders.
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ูˆู„ู… ูŠุจู‚ูˆุง ุฏุงุฎู„ ุญุฏูˆุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ.
11:28
They haven't respected other nations' borders.
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ู„ู… ูŠุญุชุฑู…ูˆุง ุญุฏูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฃู…ู… ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰.
11:31
They've gone out into the world with their armies,
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ุฎุฑุฌูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู…ุน ุฌูŠูˆุดู‡ู…ุŒ
11:33
they've taken over territories and resources,
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ูˆุงุณุชูˆู„ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏุŒ
11:35
and they've extracted enormous profits from many of the countries
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ูˆุญู‚ู‚ูˆุง ุฃุฑุจุงุญู‹ุง ุทุงุฆู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„
11:39
that immigrants are from.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูˆู†.
11:42
In this sense, many immigrants are actually already inside American power.
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ูˆุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูู‡ูˆู…ุŒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู† ู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู†ููˆุฐ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ.
11:49
With this different map of inside and outside in mind,
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ุจูˆุถุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู„ูˆุทู†ูŠูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุบุฑุจุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ุงุนุชุจุงุฑุŒ
11:54
the question isn't whether receiving countries
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ู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูุณุชู‚ุจู„ุฉ
11:57
are going to let immigrants in.
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ุณุชุณู…ุญ ู„ู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง.
11:59
They're already in.
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ุง.
12:02
The question is whether the United States and other countries
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ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ููŠู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„
12:04
are going to give immigrants access to the rights and resources
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ุณุชู…ู†ุญ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู† ุญู‚ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ
12:09
that their work, their activism and their home countries
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุนู…ุงู„ู‡ู… ูˆุฃู†ุดุทุชู‡ู… ูˆุฃูˆุทุงู†ู‡ู…
12:13
have already played a fundamental role in creating.
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ู‚ุฏ ู„ุนุจุช ุฏูˆุฑู‹ุง ุฃุณุงุณูŠู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ.
12:18
With this new map in mind,
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ุจูˆุถุน ุงู„ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุนุชุจุงุฑุŒ
12:20
we can turn to a set of tough, new, urgently needed questions,
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ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู…ู„ุญุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู‚ุงุณูŠุฉุŒ
12:25
radically different from the ones we've asked before --
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ุชุฎุชู„ู ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌุฐุฑูŠ ุนู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุทุฑุญู†ุงู‡ุง ุณุงุจู‚ู‹ุง...
12:29
questions that might change the borders of the immigration debate.
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ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุชุบูŠุฑ ุญุฏูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฌุฏู„ ููŠู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู‡ุฌุฑุฉ.
12:34
Our three questions are about workers' rights,
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ุฃุณุฆู„ุชู†ุง ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุจุดุฃู† ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู†ุŒ
12:38
about responsibility
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠุฉ
12:40
and about equality.
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ูˆุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ.
12:44
First, we need to be asking about workers' rights.
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ุฃูˆู„ู‹ุงุŒ ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ู†ุทุฑุญ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุจุดุฃู† ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู†ุŒ
12:48
How do existing policies make it harder for immigrants to defend themselves
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ูƒูŠู ุชุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุตุนุจู‹ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู† ู„ู„ุฏูุงุน ุนู† ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู…
12:52
and easier for them to be exploited,
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ูˆุฃูƒุซุฑ ุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ู… ู„ุงุณุชุบู„ุงู„ู‡ุงุŒ
12:54
driving down wages, rights and protections for everyone?
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ู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุต ุฑูˆุงุชุจู‡ู… ูˆุญู‚ูˆู‚ู‡ู… ูˆุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุนุŸ
12:58
When immigrants are threatened with roundups, detention and deportations,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูู‡ุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูˆู† ุจุงู„ุทุฑุฏ ูˆุงู„ุงุนุชู‚ุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุชุฑุญูŠู„ุŒ
13:02
their employers know that they can be abused,
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ูŠุนุฑู ุฃุตุญุงุจ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฅุณุงุกุฉ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ู…ุŒ
13:04
that they can be told that if they fight back,
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ูˆุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ู… ุฃู†ู‡ ูˆููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู†ุถุงู„ู‡ู…ุŒ
13:06
they'll be turned over to ICE.
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ุณูŠุชู… ุชุณู„ูŠู…ู‡ู… ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆูƒุงู„ุฉ ุฅู†ู‚ุงุฐ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู‡ุฌุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฌู…ุงุฑูƒุŒ
13:09
When employers know
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุนุฑู ุฃุตุญุงุจ ุงู„ุนู…ู„
13:11
that they can terrorize an immigrant with his lack of papers,
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ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุชุฑู‡ูŠุจ ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑ ู„ุนุฏู… ุญู…ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุงู‚ ุงู„ุซุจูˆุชูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉุŒ
13:16
it makes that worker hyper-exploitable,
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ู…ู…ุง ูŠุฌุนู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุธู ู…ุณุชุบู„ู‹ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ
13:18
and that has impacts not only for immigrant workers
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ู…ู…ุง ูŠุคุซุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู†
13:21
but for all workers.
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ู„ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู†.
13:24
Second, we need to ask questions about responsibility.
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ุซุงู†ูŠู‹ุงุŒ ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ู†ุทุฑุญ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุจุดุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠุฉ.
13:28
What role have rich, powerful countries like the United States
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ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชู„ุนุจู‡ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุบู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุฐุงุช ุงู„ู†ููˆุฐ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ
13:31
played in making it hard or impossible
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ููŠ ุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุตุนุจู‹ุง ุฃูˆ ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ู‹ุง
13:34
for immigrants to stay in their home countries?
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ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู† ู„ู„ุจู‚ุงุก ููŠ ุฃูˆุทุงู†ู‡ู…ุŸ
13:38
Picking up and moving from your country is difficult and dangerous,
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ูŠุนุฏู ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ู…ู† ุฏูˆู„ูƒู… ุตุนุจู‹ุง ูˆุฎุทูŠุฑู‹ุงุŒ
13:41
but many immigrants simply do not have the option of staying home
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ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ูŠู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู† ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุฎูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ุจู‚ุงุก ููŠ ุฃูˆุทุงู†ู‡ู…
13:45
if they want to survive.
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ู„ูˆ ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุจู‚ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ.
13:47
Wars, trade agreements
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ูุงู„ุญุฑูˆุจ ูˆุงู„ุงุชูุงู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ
13:49
and consumer habits rooted in the Global North
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ูˆุนุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฃุตู„ุช ููŠ ุดู…ุงู„ ุงู„ูƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถูŠุฉ
13:51
play a major and devastating role here.
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ุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑู‹ุง ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠู‹ุง ูˆู…ุญุจุทู‹ุง.
13:57
What responsibilities do the United States,
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ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชุนูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ
14:00
the European Union and China --
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ูˆุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจูŠ ูˆุงู„ุตูŠู†...
14:02
the world's leading carbon emitters --
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ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงู†ุจุนุงุซ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…...
14:04
have to the millions of people already uprooted by global warming?
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ุฃู† ุชู‚ูˆู… ููŠู‡ุง ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุงู‚ุชู„ุนุช ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ุงุญุชุจุงุณ ุงู„ุงุญุชุฑุงุฑูŠุŸ
14:11
And third, we need to ask questions about equality.
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ูˆุซุงู„ุซู‹ุงุŒ ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุทุฑุญ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉุŸ
14:15
Global inequality is a wrenching, intensifying problem.
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ุชุนุฏ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุณุชูุญู„ุฉ ู…ู„ู‘ุญุฉ ูˆู…ูˆุฌุนุฉ.
14:20
Income and wealth gaps are widening around the world.
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ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ูุฌูˆุงุช ุงู„ุฑูˆุงุชุจ ูˆุงู„ุซุฑูˆุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
14:23
Increasingly, what determines whether you're rich or poor,
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ูˆุนู„ู‰ ู†ุญูˆู ู…ุชุฒุงูŠุฏุŒ ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุฏ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุชู… ุฃุบู†ูŠุงุก ุฃูˆ ูู‚ุฑุงุกุŒ
14:26
more than anything else,
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ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ุขุฎุฑุŒ
14:28
is what country you're born in,
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูˆู„ุฏุชู… ููŠู‡ุงุŒ
14:30
which might seem great if you're from a prosperous country.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฑุงุฆุนู‹ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุชู… ู…ู† ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู…ุฒุฏู‡ุฑุฉ.
14:33
But it actually means a profoundly unjust distribution
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ู„ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุชูˆุฒูŠุนู‹ุง ุบูŠุฑ ุนุงุฏู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
14:37
of the chances for a long, healthy, fulfilling life.
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ู„ูุฑุต ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ.
14:43
When immigrants send money or goods home to their family,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุฑุณู„ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุจุถุงุฆุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุณุฑู‡ู… ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏู‡ู…ุŒ
14:46
it plays a significant role in narrowing these gaps,
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ูŠู„ุนุจ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุฏูˆุฑู‹ุง ู…ู‡ู…ู‹ุง ููŠ ุชุถูŠูŠู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุฌูˆุงุชุŒ
14:49
if a very incomplete one.
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ู… ูŠูƒุชู…ู„ ุฃุญุฏู‡ุง ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง.
14:51
It does more than all of the foreign aid programs
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ูŠู‚ูˆู… ู‡ุฐุง ุจู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุจุฑุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุงุช ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉ
14:54
in the world combined.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุฉ.
14:58
We began with the nativist questions,
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ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ู…ุน ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠูŠู†ุŒ
15:01
about immigrants as tools,
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ุจุดุฃู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู† ูƒุฃุฏูˆุงุชุŒ
15:04
as others
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ูƒุขุฎุฑูŠู†ุŒ
15:05
and as parasites.
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ูˆูƒุทููŠู„ูŠุงุช.
15:07
Where might these new questions about worker rights,
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูŠู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุนู…ุงู„ุŒ
15:11
about responsibility
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ูˆุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠุฉ
15:12
and about equality
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ูˆุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ
15:14
take us?
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ุฃู† ุชุฃุฎุฐู†ุงุŸ
15:16
These questions reject pity, and they embrace justice.
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ุชุฑูุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุดูู‚ุฉ ูˆุชุชุจู†ู‰ ุงู„ุนุฏุงู„ุฉ.
15:21
These questions reject the nativist and nationalist division
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ุชุฑูุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ู‚ูˆู…ูŠ ูˆุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠ
15:25
of us versus them.
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ู„ู…ู‚ูˆู„ุฉ ู†ุญู† ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ู‡ู….
15:27
They're going to help prepare us for problems that are coming
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ุณุชุณุงุนุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ู„ุชุญุถูŠุฑ ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง ู„ู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ
15:30
and problems like global warming that are already upon us.
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ูˆู„ู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุงุญุชุจุงุณ ุงู„ุงุญุชุฑุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ ูุนู„ู‹ุง.
15:35
It's not going to be easy to turn away from the questions that we've been asking
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ู„ู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุณู‡ู„ู‹ุง ู„ู†ุชูุงุฏู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุทุฑุญู‡ุง ุฏูˆู…ู‹ุง
15:39
towards this new set of questions.
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ู†ุญูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ.
15:42
It's no small challenge
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ู„ู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠ ุตุบูŠุฑู‹ุง
15:43
to take on and broaden the borders of us.
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ู„ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ุญุฏูˆุฏู†ุง ูˆุชูˆุณูŠุนู‡ุง.
15:48
It will take wit, inventiveness and courage.
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ุณูŠุชุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก ูˆุงู„ุฅุจุฏุงุน ูˆุงู„ุฌุฑุฃุฉ.
15:53
The old questions have been with us for a long time,
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ุทุฑุญู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุฒู…ู†ูŠุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉุŒ
15:55
and they're not going to give way on their own,
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ูˆู„ู† ุชุจุชุนุฏ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุจู…ูุฑุฏู‡ุงุŒ
15:58
and they're not going to give way overnight.
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ูˆู„ู† ู†ุชุฎู„ู‰ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุจู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูˆุถุญุงู‡ุง.
16:01
And even if we manage to change the questions,
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ูˆุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ุงุณุชุทุนู†ุง ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉุŒ
16:04
the answers are going to be complicated,
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ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฌูˆุจุฉ ู…ุนู‚ุฏุฉุŒ
16:06
and they're going to require sacrifices and tradeoffs.
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ูˆุณุชุชุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุชุถุญูŠุงุช ูˆุงู„ุชุณูˆูŠุงุช.
16:10
And in an unequal world, we're always going to have to pay attention
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ูˆููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชูƒุงูู‰ุกุŒ ุณูŠุชุนูŠู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฏูˆู…ู‹ุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชุจุงู‡
16:13
to the question of who has the power to join the conversation
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ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฐุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ู†ููˆุฐ ู„ู„ุงู†ุถู…ุงู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดุฉ
16:17
and who doesn't.
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ูˆู…ู† ุฐุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุง ูŠู…ู„ูƒู‡ุง.
16:18
But the borders of the immigration debate
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ู„ูƒู† ุญุฏูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฌุฏู„ ุจุดุฃู† ุงู„ู‡ุฌุฑุฉ
16:21
can be moved.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ ุฃู† ูŠุชุบูŠุฑ.
16:23
It's up to all of us to move them.
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ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฌู…ูŠุนู‹ุง ุชุบูŠูŠุฑู‡.
16:26
Thank you.
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ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ู„ูƒู….
16:27
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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