Candis Watts Smith: 3 myths about racism that keep the US from progress | TED

87,198 views ใƒป 2021-08-13

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ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

00:00
Transcriber:
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ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Omar Abbas - ุนู…ุฑ ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: omar idmassaoud
00:15
When Iโ€™m out at the grocery store or maybe a restaurant
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู…ุญู„ ุจู‚ุงู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฑุจู…ุง ููŠ ู…ุทุนู…
00:18
or the park with my son -- heโ€™s six and a half --
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ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุน ุงุจู†ูŠ -ุงู„ุจุงู„ุบ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุณุช ุณู†ูˆุงุช ูˆู†ุตู-
00:22
people will stop us and mention that they think that heโ€™s handsome.
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ูŠุณุชูˆู‚ูู†ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุฑูˆู†ู‡ ูˆุณูŠู…ุง.
00:26
I agree.
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ุฃู†ุง ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ.
00:28
They'll use that opportunity to chop it up with him,
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ุณูŠุณุชุบู„ูˆู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ูุฑุตุฉ ู„ูƒูŠ ูŠุชุญุฏุซูˆุง ู…ุนู‡ุŒ
00:31
and often when they're done talking with him,
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ูˆุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠู†ุชู‡ูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ู…ุนู‡ุŒ
00:33
theyโ€™ll mention that they think heโ€™s a smart and engaging little guy.
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ุณูŠุฐูƒุฑูˆู† ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุฑูˆู†ู‡ ูƒุฑุฌู„ ุตุบูŠุฑ ุฐูƒูŠ ูˆุฌุฐุงุจ.
00:38
When those people walk away, the thought that comes to my mind
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุจุชุนุฏ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุตุŒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชุจุงุฏุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู‡ู†ูŠ
00:41
is that I hope they remember meeting him as a child
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ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุชู…ู†ู‰ ุฃู† ูŠุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ู„ู‚ุงุฆู‡ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุทูู„ุงู‹
00:44
when they see him again as a grown man.
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุฑูˆู†ู‡ ุฑุฌู„ุงู‹ ู†ุงุถุฌู‹ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰.
00:48
This thought comes to my mind
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ุชุชุจุงุฏุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู‡ู†ูŠ
00:49
because Iโ€™ve written two books about race and racism in the United States,
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ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ูƒุชุจุช ูƒุชุงุจูŠู† ุนู† ุงู„ุนุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉุŒ
00:54
and this kind of work can produce feelings of pessimism.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูˆู„ุฏ ู…ุดุงุนุฑ ุงู„ุชุดุงุคู….
00:59
One of the things that Iโ€™ve learned
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ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุชุนู„ู…ุชู‡ุง
01:00
is that Americans have an orientation toward progress.
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ู‡ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูŠู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุชูˆุฌู‡ ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ุชู‚ุฏู….
01:04
In this context,
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ูˆููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณูŠุงู‚ุŒ
01:05
what that means is that we often celebrate the distance between where we were
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ู…ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠู‡ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ู…ุง ู†ุญุชูู„ ุจุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒู†ุง ููŠู‡
01:10
and where we are now.
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ูˆุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุญู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุงูŽู†.
01:11
But that same orientation can blind us from the gap between where we are
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ู„ูƒู† ู†ูุณ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชูˆุฌู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุนู…ูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ูุฌูˆุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุญู† ููŠู‡
ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ุฃู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡.
01:17
and where we could or should be.
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01:20
The other thing Iโ€™ve learned about Americans
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ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุนู„ู…ุชู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูŠู†
01:22
is that we have a very, very narrow understanding of racism,
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ูู‡ู…ู‹ุง ุถูŠู‚ู‹ุง ุฌุฏู‹ุง ู„ู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุฉุŒ
01:26
mostly in the minds and hearts of people,
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ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ููŠ ุนู‚ูˆู„ ูˆู‚ู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ
01:30
usually old people --
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ุนุงุฏุฉ ูƒุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุณู† -
01:32
old people from the South.
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ูƒุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุณู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจ.
01:35
And this really narrow definition can constrain our opportunities
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุถูŠู‚ ุญู‚ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูŠุฏ ูุฑุตู†ุง
01:40
to produce a more racially egalitarian society.
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ู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงู‚.
01:44
We like to hunt for races
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ู†ุญุจ ู…ุทุงุฑุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงู‚
01:45
and distance ourselves from people who say mean things about whole groups of people
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ูˆู†ุจุนุฏ ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู„ุฆูŠู…ุฉ ุนู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
01:51
or who idealize the 1950s.
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ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ูŠู…ุซู‘ู„ูˆู† ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณูŠู†ูŠุงุช.
01:53
But the fact of the matter is that we might just need to look in the mirror.
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ู„ูƒู† ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุฑุจู…ุง ูู‚ุท ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูŽุฉ.
01:58
Now, I'm not saying that everyone here is a racist,
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ู„ุง ุฃู‚ููˆู„ ุฃู† ูƒู„ ุดุฎุต ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุŒ
02:01
but what I am saying is that everyone here has the capacity
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ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ูƒู„ ุดุฎุต ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ
02:05
and perhaps even the propensity
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ูˆุฑุจู…ุง ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ู†ุฒุนุฉ
02:07
to live their life in a way,
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ู„ูŠุนูŠุด ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉุŒ
02:09
to make decisions,
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ูˆูŠุชุฎุฐ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุฑุงุชุŒ
02:10
to rely on biases
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ูˆูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุญูŠุฒุงุช
02:12
that reproduce racial inequality.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนูŠุฏ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑู‚ูŠุฉ.
02:16
Some people say, โ€œWell, you do all this work about racism. Whatโ€™s the answer?โ€
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ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ: โ€œุญุณู†ุงุŒ ุฃู†ุชู ุชู‚ูˆู…ูŠู† ุจูƒู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุจุดุฃู† ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉุŸโ€
02:20
And I say that the first thing we might need to do
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ุฑุจู…ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฃู† ู†ูุนู„ู‡
02:23
is to come to a shared understanding
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชูˆุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุชูุงู‡ู…
02:26
about what racism is in the first place.
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ุญูˆู„ ู…ุงู‡ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุฃูˆู„.
02:30
History shows that racists have had the upper hand
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ูŠูˆุถุญ ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุฃู† ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠูŠู† ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุนู„ูŠุง
02:33
in deciding who the racists are and what racism is,
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ููŠ ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ู… ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠูˆู† ูˆู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุฉุŒ
02:36
and itโ€™s never them or the things that they do.
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ูˆู‡ู… ู„ูŠุณูˆุง ู‡ู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠูุนู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง.
02:39
But maybe if we come together
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ู„ูƒู† ุฑุจู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ุชุนุงูˆู†ุง ู…ุนุง
02:41
and come to a shared and perhaps a precise definition of what racism is,
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ูˆุชูˆุตู„ู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุนุฑูŠู ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ูˆุฑุจู…ุง ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ ู„ู…ุงู‡ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุฉุŒ
02:46
we can work toward creating a society
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุฅู†ุดุงุก ู…ุฌุชู…ุน
02:48
where mothers like me arenโ€™t in constant fear of their childrenโ€™s lives.
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ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ุฃู…ู‡ุงุช ู…ุซู„ูŠ ู„ุง ุชุดุนุฑู† ุจุงู„ุฎูˆู ุงู„ุฏุงุฆู… ุนู„ู‰ ุญูŠุงุฉ ุฃุทูุงู„ู‡ู†.
02:53
I'd like to dispel three myths about racism
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ุฃูˆุฏ ุฅุฒุงู„ุฉ ุซู„ุงุซ ุฎุฑุงูุงุช ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุฉ
02:57
on our trek toward mutual understanding.
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ููŠ ุฑุญู„ุชู†ุง ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ุชูุงู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุชุจุงุฏู„.
03:01
First:
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ุงู„ุฎุฑุงูุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰:
03:04
itโ€™s true that the South has done its work to earn its reputation
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ุตุญูŠุญ ุฃู† ุณูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจ ู‚ุงู…ูˆุง ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ู… ู„ูƒุณุจ ุณู…ุนุชู‡ู…
03:08
as the most racist region.
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ุจุงุนุชุจุงุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุฉ.
03:11
But there are other states and regions that are competing for the title.
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ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ูˆู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุชุชู†ุงูุณ ู„ู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู„ู‚ุจ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุฉ.
03:15
For example,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ
03:17
if we look at the most segregated states in terms of where Black kids go to school,
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ุฅุฐุง ู†ุธุฑู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุนุฒู„ู‹ุง ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุญูŠุซ ูŠุฐู‡ุจ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ุณูˆุฏ ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉุŒ
03:22
we'll see, sure, some are in the South.
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ุณู†ุฑู‰ุŒ ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏุŒ ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจ.
03:25
There are some out west,
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ุจุนุถ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุฑุจุŒ
03:26
in the Midwest
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุบุฑุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุท
03:28
and in the Northeast.
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ูˆููŠ ุดู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุดุฑู‚.
03:30
They're where we live.
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ู‡ู… ุญูŠุซ ู†ุนูŠุด.
03:32
Or if we look at states with the biggest racial disparities
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ุฃูˆ ุฅุฐุง ู†ุธุฑู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุฐุงุช ุงู„ุชุจุงูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ุนุฑู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ
03:37
in terms of prison populations,
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ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุนุฏุฏ ู†ุฒู„ุงุก ุงู„ุณุฌูˆู†ุŒ
03:39
we see that none of them are in the South.
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ู†ุฑู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฃูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจ.
03:42
They're where we live.
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ู‡ู… ุญูŠุซ ู†ุนูŠุด.
03:44
My colleague Rebecca Kreitzer and I
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ุฃู†ุง ูˆุฒู…ูŠู„ุชูŠ ุฑูŠุจูŠูƒุง ูƒุฑูŠุชุฒุฑ
03:47
looked at a standard battery of racial attitudes of prejudice,
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ู†ุธุฑู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ุนูŠุงุฑูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ู ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุนุตุจุฉุŒ
03:52
and we found that in the 1990s,
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ูˆูˆุฌุฏู†ุง ุฃู† ููŠ ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู†ูŠุงุชุŒ
03:56
states in the South dominated the most racially negative attitudes.
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ู‡ูŠู…ู†ุช ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ู ุณู„ุจูŠุฉ ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู‹ุง.
04:03
But this geography has evolved, and things have changed.
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ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌุบุฑุงููŠุง ู‚ุฏ ุชุทูˆุฑุชุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู‚ุฏ ุชุบูŠุฑุช.
04:07
By 2016, we found that the Dakotas, Nebraska,
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ุจุญู„ูˆู„ ุนุงู… 2016ุŒ ูˆุฌุฏู†ุง ุฃู† ุฏุงูƒูˆุชุง ูˆู†ุจุฑุงุณูƒุงุŒ
04:12
states in the Midwest, in the Northeast,
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ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ุบุฑุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุท ูˆุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุดุฑู‚ูŠุŒ
04:14
were competing for the "most prejudiced population" titles.
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ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠุชู†ุงูุณูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู„ู‚ุงุจ โ€œุงู„ุณูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุชุญูŠุฒู‹ุงโ€œ.
04:18
Now, I'm not saying that one state is more racist than another,
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ุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ
04:23
but what I am saying is that every state
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ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุฃู† ูƒู„ ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ
04:25
might have its own special brand of racism.
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ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ุง ุทุงุจุนู‡ุง ุงู„ุฎุงุต ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุฉ.
04:29
And it doesn't have to be like this.
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ูˆู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุญูˆ.
04:31
Most of the inequalities that we see in our day-to-day lives
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ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุชูุงูˆุชุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุฑุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠุฉ
04:34
happen at the state and local level.
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ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠ.
04:37
What that means is that we don't have to go all the way to Congress
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ู…ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠู‡ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู„ุณู†ุง ู…ุถุทุฑูŠู† ู„ู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒูˆู†ุฌุฑุณ
04:40
to make change in our communities.
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ู„ุฅุญุฏุงุซ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ููŠ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุชู†ุง.
04:42
We can simply hold our city, our county, our state legislators to task
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุชู†ุง ูˆุจู„ุฏู†ุง ูˆุงู„ู…ุดุฑุนูŠู† ููŠ ูˆู„ุงูŠุชู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠุฉ
04:48
to produce more equitable outcomes.
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ู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฅู†ุตุงูู‹ุง.
04:52
Myth two:
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ุงู„ุฎุฑุงูุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ:
04:55
we're not that good at hunting for racists.
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ู„ุณู†ุง ุฌูŠุฏูŠู† ููŠ ู…ุทุงุฑุฏุฉ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠูŠู†.
04:59
Remember that time when the governor of Virginia did blackface,
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ุฃุชุฐูƒุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุญูŠู†ู…ุง ุตุจุบ ุญุงูƒู… ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ูุฑุฌูŠู†ูŠุง ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ ุจุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฏุŒ
05:02
and people were like, "Oh, that's bad. I need to get that racist out of here"?
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ูˆู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ: โ€œุฃูˆู‡ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠุกุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ุฅุฎุฑุงุฌ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงโ€œุŸ
05:07
I was giving y'all the side-eye, and here's why.
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ูƒู†ุช ุงู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ูŠูƒู… ุฌู…ูŠุนุง ุจู†ุธุฑุฉ ุฌุงู†ุจูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุจ.
05:11
While people were going back to yearbooks
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ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠุนูˆุฏูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆูŠุฉ
05:14
to look for things that were obviously racist,
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ู„ู„ุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุฉุŒ
05:17
fewer people were looking into the current-day policy stances
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ูƒุงู† ุนุฏุฏ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠู†ุธุฑูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ู ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠุฉ
05:21
of legislators who probably did blackface but didn't get caught.
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ู„ู„ู…ุดุฑุนูŠู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุฑุจู…ุง ุตุจุบูˆุง ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ู… ุจุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฏ ู„ูƒู† ู„ู… ุชูู†ุดุฑ ุตูˆุฑู‡ู… ู„ู„ุนู„ู†.
05:26
So, how many of us might have supported a candidate
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ู„ุฐุงุŒ ูƒู… ู…ู†ุง ุฑุจู…ุง ุฏุนู… ู…ุฑุดุญู‹ุง
05:30
who is willing to let neighborhoods secede from their district
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ูƒุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณุชุนุฏุงุฏ ู„ู„ุณู…ุงุญ ู„ู„ุฃุญูŠุงุก ุจุงู„ุงู†ูุตุงู„ ุนู† ู…ู†ุทู‚ุชู‡ู…
05:34
so that kids could go to all-white schools --
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ุญุชู‰ ูŠุชู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู„ุง ูŠุฑุชุงุฏู‡ุง ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ุจูŠุถ
05:36
in the 21st century?
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ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู†ุŸ
05:39
Or how many of us might have supported a ballot measure
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ุฃูˆ ูƒู… ู…ู†ุง ู‚ุฏ ุฃูŠุฏ ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุฑุงุน
05:42
that systematically reduced some groups' chances of voting?
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‚ู„ู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุฌูŠ ู…ู† ูุฑุต ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุชุตูˆูŠุชุŸ
05:46
Or how many of us might have focused on the behavior of Black mothers
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ุฃูˆ ูƒู… ู…ู†ุง ู‚ุฏ ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ุฃู…ู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุณูˆุฏ
05:52
rather than doctors or health care systems and policies
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ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุทุจุงุก ุฃูˆ ุฃู†ุธู…ุฉ ูˆุณูŠุงุณุงุช ุงู„ุฑุนุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉ
05:55
when we learn about the huge racial disparities
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุทู‘ู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ููˆุงุฑู‚ ุงู„ุนุฑู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุงุฆู„ุฉ
05:58
in maternal and infant mortality?
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ููŠ ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุฃู…ู‡ุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ุŸ
06:01
It doesn't have to be like this.
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ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู‡ูƒุฐุง.
06:03
We could do something different.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุดูŠุก ู…ุฎุชู„ู.
06:05
We could scrutinize the behaviors of the rule makers.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ูุญุต ุณู„ูˆูƒูŠุงุช ุตุงู†ุนูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ.
06:10
We could orient ourselves toward a more just society,
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุชูˆุฌูŠู‡ ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง ู†ุญูˆ ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนุฏู„ุงุŒ
06:14
and on our way there,
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ูˆููŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ู†ุง ู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
06:15
we can't mystify practical policy solutions.
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ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฅุฑุจุงูƒ ุงู„ุญู„ูˆู„ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุณูŠุงุณุฉ.
06:20
Myth three:
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ุงู„ุฎุฑุงูุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ:
06:24
If you believe that when all the grandmas in Mississippi die
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชู…ูˆุช ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌุฏุงุช ููŠ ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ู…ูŠุณูŠุณูŠุจูŠ
06:28
that racism is going to go with them,
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ุณุชุฑุญู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุฉ ู…ุนู‡ู†ุŒ
06:30
you are in for a big disappointment.
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ุฃู†ุช ููŠ ุฎูŠุจุฉ ุฃู…ู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ.
06:33
We like to think that young people
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ู†ุญุจ ุฃู† ู†ุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ
06:35
are going to do the hard work of eradicating racism,
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ุณูˆู ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุดุงู‚ ู„ู„ู‚ุถุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุฉุŒ
06:38
but there are some things that we should note.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ู„ุงุญุธู‡ุง.
06:42
We know that young folks, young white folks especially, like diversity,
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุนู„ู… ุฃู† ุงู„ุดุจุงุจุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ุจูŠุถ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ุฎุตูˆุต ูŠุญุจูˆู† ุงู„ุชู†ูˆุนุŒ
06:46
they appreciate it, they're looking for it.
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ูู‡ู… ูŠู‚ุฏุฑูˆู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆูŠุจุญุซูˆู† ุนู†ู‡.
06:49
But we also know that they don't live diverse lives.
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ู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ู†ุนู„ู… ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู„ุง ูŠุนูŠุดูˆู† ุญูŠุงุฉ ู…ุชู†ูˆุนุฉ.
06:52
Research shows that the average white American literally has one black friend.
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ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฃุจุญุงุซ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุทู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ ุงู„ุฃุจูŠุถ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุญุฑููŠุงู‹ ุตุฏูŠู‚ ุฃุณูˆุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ.
06:58
And what that means is that most don't have any at all.
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ูˆู…ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠู‡ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ู… ู„ุง ูŠู…ู„ูƒูˆู† ุฃูŠ ุตุฏูŠู‚ ุฃุณูˆุฏ.
07:03
Sociologists like Sarah Mayorga show that even when well-meaning white folks
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ูŠูุธู‡ุฑ ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุน ู…ุซู„ ุณุงุฑุฉ ู…ุงูŠูˆุฑุบุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุญุชู‰ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุถ ุฐูˆูŠ ู†ูˆุงูŠุง ุญุณู†ุฉ
07:08
move to diverse neighborhoods,
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุญูŠุงุก ู…ุชู†ูˆุนุฉุŒ
07:10
they don't necessarily have positive interactions,
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ูู„ูŠุณ ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช ุฅูŠุฌุงุจูŠุฉุŒ
07:12
no less any with their neighbors who aren't white.
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ู…ุน ุฌูŠุฑุงู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ูŠุณูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูŠุถ.
07:17
My research with Professor Christopher DeSante shows
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ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจุญุซูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ุจุฑูˆููŠุณูˆุฑ ูƒุฑูŠุณุชูˆูุฑ ุฏูŠุณุงู†ุชูŠ
07:21
that when we ask white millennials their racial attitudes
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ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุณุฃู„ ุฌูŠู„ ุงู„ุฃู„ููŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุถ ุนู† ู…ูˆุงู‚ูู‡ู… ุงู„ุนุฑู‚ูŠุฉ
07:24
and policy preferences,
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ูˆุชูุถูŠู„ุงุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุฉุŒ
07:26
that they're sometimes, just as in other times,
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ุฃู†ู‡ู… ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ูƒู…ุง ููŠ ุฃูˆู‚ุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ
07:29
even more racially conservative than boomers.
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ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑู‚ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒู‡ูˆู„.
07:33
When we ask them about the things that are important to them,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุณุฃู„ู‡ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู‡ู…ุŒ
07:36
they don't have any particular sense of urgency
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ูู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุฃูŠ ุฅุญุณุงุณ ุฎุงุต ุจุงู„ุฅู„ุญุงุญ
07:39
around questions of racial inequality.
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ุญูˆู„ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑู‚ูŠุฉ.
07:43
How did we get like this?
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ูƒูŠู ุฃุตุจุญู†ุง ู‡ูƒุฐุงุŸ
07:46
Well, one of the things we might think about is how we raise our kids
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุฏ ู†ููƒุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ูƒูŠู ู†ุฑุจูŠ ุฃุทูุงู„ู†ุง
07:49
and equip them to solve the problems that we want them to solve.
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ูˆุชุฌู‡ูŠุฒู‡ู… ู„ุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุฑูŠุฏู‡ู… ุฃู† ูŠุญู„ูˆู‡ุง.
07:55
Research shows that white parents in particular
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ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฃุจุญุงุซ ุฃู† ุงู„ุงูŽุจุงุก ุงู„ุจูŠุถ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ุฎุตูˆุต
08:01
will either choose to not talk about issues of racism to their kids
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ุณูŠุฎุชุงุฑูˆู† ุฅู…ุง ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู‚ุถุงูŠุง ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุฉ ู„ุฃุทูุงู„ู‡ู…
08:05
in order to protect them from a harsh racial reality
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ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุญู…ุงูŠุชู‡ู… ู…ู† ูˆุงู‚ุน ุนู†ุตุฑูŠ ู‚ุงุณู
08:10
or they instill colorblind lessons,
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ุฃูˆ ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจุบุฑุณ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ููŠ ุนู…ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู„ูˆุงู†ุŒ
08:13
and that can actually reinforce negative racial attitudes.
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุนุฒุฒ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ู ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ุจูŠุฉ.
08:17
So it's kind of like
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
08:19
how some of your parents might have given you books about puberty
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ูƒูŠู ู‚ุฏ ุฃุนุทุงูƒ ุฃุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠูƒ ูƒุชุจู‹ุง ุนู† ุณู† ุงู„ุฑุดุฏ
08:23
so they didn't have to talk about the birds and the bees,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุทูŠูˆุฑ ูˆุงู„ู†ุญู„ุŒ
08:26
and then you tried to connect all the dots and then you did it all wrong.
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ุซู… ุญุงูˆู„ุช ุฑุจุท ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุซู… ูุนู„ุช ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุทุฆ.
08:29
It's like that.
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ุฅู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู‡ูƒุฐุง.
08:31
It doesn't have to be like this.
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ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู‡ูƒุฐุง.
08:33
We can do better.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ูุนู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃูุถู„.
08:34
We can have hard conversations with our kids
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ู…ุญุงุฏุซุงุช ุตุนุจุฉ ู…ุน ุฃุทูุงู„ู†ุง
08:38
so that they don't grow up like many of us did,
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ุญุชู‰ ู„ุง ูŠูƒุจุฑูˆุง ูƒู…ุง ูุนู„ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุงุŒ
08:40
thinking that talking about racism makes you a racist -- it doesn't --
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ู…ุนุชู‚ุฏูŠู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุฉ ูŠุฌุนู„ูƒ ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู‹ุง -ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ุบูŠุฑ ุตุญูŠุญ-
08:46
and so that we can prevent them from making the same mistakes
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ูˆู„ูƒูŠ ู†ู…ู†ุนู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงุฑุชูƒุงุจ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฃุฎุทุงุก
08:49
that we've seen in the past.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฑุฃูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ.
08:54
Remember a long, long time ago in 2008,
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ุฃุชุฐูƒุฑ ู…ู†ุฐ ูˆู‚ุช ุทูˆูŠู„ ููŠ ุนุงู… 2008ุŒ
08:58
when we were all pining to live in a post-racial world?
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ุฌู…ูŠุนู‹ุง ู†ุชูˆู‚ ู„ู„ุนูŠุด ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ู…ุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุฉุŸ
09:02
Well, I say that it's time for us to think bigger and dream bigger
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู‚ุฏ ุญุงู† ู„ูƒูŠ ู†ููƒุฑ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูˆู†ุญู„ู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุจุฑ
09:06
and think about what it would be like to live in a post-racist world.
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ูˆู†ููƒุฑ ููŠ ู…ุง ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุนูŠุด ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ู…ุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุฉ.
09:10
But in order to do that, we'd have to come together
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุชุนุงูˆู† ู…ุนู‹ุง
09:13
to have a shared definition of racism --
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ู„ู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุนุฑูŠู ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ู„ู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุฉ
09:15
not just in the matter of hearts and minds,
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ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูˆุจ ูˆุงู„ุนู‚ูˆู„ุŒ
09:18
but in systems, policies, rules,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ุธู…ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุงุช ูˆุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏุŒ
09:22
decisions made over and over again to marginalize some people --
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ูˆุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูุชุฎุฐ ู…ุฑุงุฑู‹ุง ูˆุชูƒุฑุงุฑู‹ุง ู„ุชู‡ู…ูŠุด ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
09:26
and agree to become anti-racists -- people who learn more and do better.
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ูˆูŠูˆุงูู‚ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุถุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุชุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูˆูŠูุนู„ูˆู† ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูุถู„.
09:33
So we could ask harder questions of candidates
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ู„ุฐุงุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุทุฑุญ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุฃุตุนุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑุดุญูŠู†
09:37
about their stances on racial inequality
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ุญูˆู„ ู…ูˆุงู‚ูู‡ู… ู…ู† ุนุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑู‚ูŠุฉ
09:39
before we throw our full weight behind them.
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ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ุจุซู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ูˆุฑุงุกู‡ู….
09:42
We could buycott or boycott businesses
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุดุฑุงุก ุฃูˆ ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุฉ ุฃุนู…ุงู„
09:46
whose practices don't align with our values.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ุง ุชุชูˆุงูู‚ ู…ู…ุงุฑุณุงุชู‡ู… ู…ุน ู‚ูŠู…ู†ุง.
09:49
We could talk to our kids about racism.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุชุญุฏุซ ู…ุน ุฃุทูุงู„ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุฉ.
09:53
We could figure out our state's special brand of racism
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ุทุงุจุน ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ูˆู„ุงูŠุชู†ุง
09:58
and work to eradicate it.
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ูˆุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุถุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡.
10:02
People made racial disparities, and people can unmake them.
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ุตู†ุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููˆุงุฑู‚ ุนุฑู‚ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู‡ู… ุฃู† ูŠููƒูƒูˆู‡ุง.
10:06
And sure, it'll be hard,
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ูˆุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏุŒ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุตุนุจู‹ุงุŒ
10:09
but the fact of the matter is,
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ู„ูƒู† ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู‡ูŠุŒ
10:10
someone is depending on us to do nothing at all.
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ุดุฎุต ู…ุง ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚.
10:17
Thank you.
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ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ูƒู….
10:18
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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