Why is "The Scream" screaming? - Noah Charney

302,572 views ・ 2024-04-04

TED-Ed


請雙擊下方英文字幕播放視頻。

譯者: Spencer Tse 審譯者: 麗玲 辛
00:07
An undulating sky melds into the landscape,
0
7086
3212
波浪的天空融合在風景中,
00:10
two silhouettes move along a balustraded walkway,
1
10339
3212
兩個剪影沿著有欄杆的步道移動,
00:13
and a ghostly figure’s features extend in agony.
2
13634
3838
一個像幽靈的人物, 五官因痛苦而拉長。
00:17
Since Norwegian artist Edvard Munch created “The Scream” in 1893,
3
17764
5130
自挪威藝術家愛德華·孟克於 1893 年創作《吶喊》以來,
00:22
it’s become one of the world’s most famous artworks.
4
22894
3128
它已成為世界上 最著名的藝術作品之一。
00:26
But why has its cry traveled so far and endured so long?
5
26147
4755
但是,為什麼它的呼喊 傳得這麼遠,而且持續如此久?
00:31
Munch was born in 1863, one of five children.
6
31277
3587
孟克出生於 1863 年, 家裡有五個孩子。
00:34
Tuberculosis devastated Europe throughout the 1800s,
7
34947
3504
結核病在 1800 年代 襲擊全歐洲,
00:38
killing almost a quarter of all adults.
8
38451
2502
殺死了近四分之一的成年人。
00:41
It took Munch’s mother’s life, then his elder sister’s.
9
41037
2794
它奪走了孟克的母親和姐姐的生命。
00:43
Soon after, Munch had his own bout of the disease.
10
43831
2795
不久之後,孟克自己也得了結核病。
00:46
Another of his sisters experienced mental illness
11
46751
2794
他的另一個姐妹則患有精神疾病。
00:49
and lived much of her life in an institution.
12
49545
2795
並在一個精神病醫院中 度過了她的大半生。
00:52
Meanwhile, Munch flitted in and out of school due to illness,
13
52673
3504
與此同時,孟克因病而無法定期上學,
00:56
often spending days at home,
14
56177
2127
經常留在家裡,
00:58
drawing and listening to the ominous stories his father read aloud.
15
58304
4171
畫畫和聽他父親朗讀恐怖的故事。
01:02
A devout Lutheran, his father considered Munch’s artistic ambitions unholy.
16
62767
5088
他父親是一位虔誠的路德教徒, 認為孟克的藝術志向並不純潔。
01:08
“I inherited the seeds of madness,” Munch wrote.
17
68022
4046
「我繼承了瘋狂的種子,」孟克寫道。
01:12
“The angels of fear, sorrow, and death stood by my side
18
72068
4421
「從我出生的那天起,
恐懼、悲傷和死亡的天使 就站在我身邊。」
01:16
since the day I was born.”
19
76489
2169
01:19
Eventually, Munch moved to Berlin, where he frequented creative circles
20
79450
4129
最後,孟克搬到柏林, 在那裡他經常出入藝術圈,
01:23
committed to breaking with academic tradition
21
83579
2586
致力於打破學術傳統,
01:26
and instead developing their crafts organically.
22
86165
3170
而用自己的情緒去探討藝術。
01:29
While Munch had trained classically,
23
89460
2211
雖然孟克曾受到傳統的訓練方式,
01:31
he began immersing himself in what he called “soul painting”—
24
91671
4087
但他開始沉浸於他所稱 「靈魂繪畫」的方式,
01:35
compositions that prized raw, subjective affect over realistic rendering.
25
95758
5547
與現實的描述相比,他的作品 更重視原始的、主觀的情感。
01:42
“It’s not the chair that should be painted,” he wrote,
26
102014
2962
「應該畫的不是椅子,」他寫道,
01:45
“but what a person has felt at the sight of it.”
27
105059
3295
「而是一個人看到它時的感受。」
01:48
Many of Munch’s works dealt with personal suffering.
28
108604
3128
孟克的許多作品都涉及個人痛苦。
01:51
This may have also led to what certain critics observed
29
111732
2586
某些評論家認為這些痛苦 可能導致孟克在作品中
01:54
as unsympathetic portrayals of women
30
114318
2586
將女性描繪成冷漠、殘忍的掠奪者, 而倒楣的男士是受害者。
01:56
in works where Munch represented them as cruel predators victimizing hapless men.
31
116904
5422
02:02
And death often haunted Munch’s compositions—
32
122493
3253
死亡經常在孟克的作品出沒,
02:05
from a skeleton helming a boat to a morbid self-portrait
33
125746
3796
從一艘骷髏駕駛的船,病態的自畫像,
02:09
and his sister's final moments to a mother on her deathbed,
34
129542
3587
他姐姐的臨終時刻, 到病床上的一位將死的母親,
02:13
her child assuming a now-familiar expression.
35
133129
3545
她的孩子呈現了我們現在熟悉的表情。
02:17
Munch’s art generated controversy—
36
137008
2252
孟克的藝術引發了爭議,
02:19
some critics characterizing him as “absolutely demented”—
37
139260
3545
一些評論家形容他「絕對精神錯亂」,
02:22
but it also drew acclaim.
38
142805
2127
但它也吸引了讚譽。
02:25
And what would become his most famous work was just around the corner.
39
145016
3879
而他最著名的作品即將問世。
02:29
“The Scream” was inspired by a moment that overwhelmed Munch
40
149145
3670
《吶喊》的靈感來自 某一時刻孟克感受到劇烈的痛苦。
02:32
with an acute sense of anguish.
41
152815
2211
02:35
In a diary entry marked January 22nd, 1892,
42
155151
3962
在某篇標記 1892 年 1月 22 日的日記中,
02:39
Munch described walking with two friends along a fjord
43
159113
3087
孟克描述了與兩個朋友 一起沿著峽灣漫步,
02:42
overlooking what’s now Oslo at sunset.
44
162200
2836
俯瞰奧斯陸的日落。
02:45
He leaned against a fence, exhausted, as he saw the sky change suddenly.
45
165453
5088
他疲倦地靠在圍欄上, 突然看到天色變化。
02:50
He described “blood and tongues of fire above the blue-black fjord and the city.”
46
170666
6215
他描述:「藍黑峽灣和 城市上方有著血紅色的火舌」。
02:57
As his friends walked on, Munch wrote, “I stood there trembling with anxiety—
47
177048
5130
他的朋友繼續前行,孟克寫道: 「我站在那裡,焦慮地發抖著,
03:02
and I sensed an infinite scream passing through nature.”
48
182303
4546
我感覺到一聲極大的吶喊 劃過自然景色。」
03:07
As with other painful experiences, Munch revisited the scene repeatedly.
49
187225
5005
與其他痛苦的經歷一樣, 孟克多次重新回顧了這場景。
03:12
First, he depicted it with a more recognizably human subject.
50
192563
3879
剛開始,他用較易識別的人形 去描繪那個場景。
03:16
But the following year, he surrendered it to dramatic, abstracted symbolism,
51
196442
4087
接下來的一年,他將這個情境 放入更多戲劇性、抽象的意義。
03:20
the haunting expression on the figure’s skull-like face
52
200529
3087
這個像骷髏般的臉和令人難忘的表情,
03:23
meeting the viewer’s gaze directly.
53
203616
2252
直接與觀眾的注視接觸。
03:26
On this first version, he added a subtle, wry inscription:
54
206118
4046
在第一個版本上,他添加了 隱晦而怪異的題詞:
03:30
“Could only have been painted by a madman!”
55
210289
3128
「只能是由一個瘋子繪製的!」
03:33
Based on Munch’s account, many think the figure isn’t emitting the shriek
56
213668
3962
根據孟克的說法,許多人 認為這個人物不是正在尖叫,
03:37
but reacting to it.
57
217630
1793
而是對那尖叫做出的反應。
03:39
Munch eventually made four versions of “The Scream”—
58
219465
2795
孟克最終製作了四個版本的《吶喊》,
03:42
all on cardboard, two with pastel, two with paint—
59
222260
3461
全都在紙板上, 兩個用粉彩,兩個用油彩,
03:45
and he created numerous prints and lithographs.
60
225721
2962
並創作了許多版畫和石版畫。
03:48
The year following the first “Scream,” he depicted the same setting
61
228849
3796
第一個《吶喊》後一年, 他描繪了同樣的場景,
03:52
but featured a collection of despairing faces.
62
232645
3003
但加入一系列絕望的臉孔。
03:55
In late 1893, Munch premiered “The Scream” at a solo exhibit in Berlin.
63
235940
5130
1893 年底,孟克在柏林的 個展上首次展出《吶喊》。
04:01
The artwork’s bold composition helped fuel the Expressionist movement,
64
241153
4004
這個作品的大膽構圖 激發了表現主義運動,
04:05
which likewise emphasized stark psychological states,
65
245157
3504
該運動同樣強調了嚴峻的心理狀態,
04:08
mapping the emotional contours of World War I and beyond.
66
248661
4046
描繪出第一次世界大戰 及之後的心理輪廓。
04:12
“The Scream” continued its crescendo.
67
252915
2211
《吶喊》繼續成長。
04:15
When it entered the public domain in the mid-1900s,
68
255209
2753
當它在 1900 年代中期 為大眾所知時,
04:17
new renditions and reproductions bolstered its fame.
69
257962
3378
新的詮釋和複製作提高了它的聲譽。
04:21
It featured in popular films during the 1990s,
70
261424
2919
它在 1990 年代 出現在流行電影中,
04:24
and both painted versions of “The Scream” were stolen and recovered
71
264343
3420
《吶喊》的兩個繪畫版本
在 1994 年和 2004 年分別 在兩次的搶劫中被盜,而後被找回。
04:27
in separate heists in 1994 and 2004.
72
267763
4296
04:32
Soon enough, it was a widely accepted archetypal symbol for horror and angst.
73
272268
5630
很快,它成了廣泛接受的 恐怖和焦慮的原型象徵。
最終,一個靈感來自 「吶喊」的表情符號出現了。
04:38
A “Scream”-inspired emoji was eventually implemented.
74
278024
3169
04:41
And, considering how to mark hazardous sites so far-off future generations
75
281235
3962
而且,美國政府在考慮為未來世代 標記危險網站,以便避開時,
04:45
could know to avoid them,
76
285197
1377
04:46
the US government has considered using “The Scream” expression.
77
286574
3962
也曾考慮過使用《吶喊》這個表情。
04:50
While its myriad cultural influences may not always reflect
78
290661
3587
雖然它的無數文化影響可能無法 反映孟克最初想表達的個人煎熬,
04:54
the personal agony Munch initially rendered,
79
294248
2795
04:57
“The Scream” has certainly found a near universal echo.
80
297043
4713
但《吶喊》肯定得到了普世的回響。
關於本網站

本網站將向您介紹對學習英語有用的 YouTube 視頻。 您將看到來自世界各地的一流教師教授的英語課程。 雙擊每個視頻頁面上顯示的英文字幕,從那裡播放視頻。 字幕與視頻播放同步滾動。 如果您有任何意見或要求,請使用此聯繫表與我們聯繫。

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7