The human and the honeybee - Dino Martins

翻译人员: Feifei Wu 校对人员: Jiawei Ni

I know, insects, it's really weird,

我知道，昆虫，非常的古怪，

but bear with me.

但是，请原谅我。

Now, I am an entomologist.

现在我是一名昆虫学家。

I confess to that.

我承认这些。

And, when I look at the planet,

当我在看这个星球的时候，

the reason I'm an entomologist

我成为昆虫学家的理由

is because out of the 1.9 million species

是因为生存在地球上

that are described on planet Earth,

一百九十万物种之中

over 1 million of them are insects.

超过一百万种是昆虫。

And I truly believe as a scientist today

作为科学家的我坚信

we live in the best of times

如今我们生活在一个美好的时代

because here we are enjoying TED,

因为我们可以享受TED演讲，

and Facebook,

和脸书（Facebook），

and YouTube,

和YouTube，

and this wonderful theater,

还有这个很棒的剧院，

healthcare,

医疗，

longer life spans.

更长的寿命。

But we also live in the worst of times

但是我们也生活在糟糕的时代，

because we are on a planet with 7 billion people

因为地球上有七十亿人口

with a lot of problems.

随之带来大量的问题。

And for those of us who look at biodiversity,

当我们这些科学家看待生物多样性时，

it's a heart-wrenching and wonderful time all together

同时感到揪心和欢欣

because we see the links between nature and people,

因为我们看到在自然和人类之间的联系，

and we're losing them at the same time.

与此同时我们也正在失去它们。

Both honeybees and humans originate in East Africa.

蜜蜂和人类都起源于非洲东部。

And, here in Kenya, a wonderful relationship exists

在肯尼亚，存在非常美好的关系

where a bird called a honeyguide, up there,

有一种名叫蜜鴷的鸟，右上角

has this interesting phenomenon

有非常有趣的现象

where it actually leads either humans,

它会引导人类，

which it's done for thousands of years,

数千年来皆如此，

77,000 year old paintings from Tanzania,

坦桑尼亚七万七千年古老的绘画，

and the honey badger

和蜜獾

to the wild honeybee colony.

来到野生蜜蜂群体。

Now, for a long time we thought this relationship

长期以来，我们认为这种关系

first evolved between the honeyguide

首先是在蜜鴷和蜜獾之间

and the honey badger.

逐步形成发展起来的

But it turns out that it actually evolved

但结果发现，这种关系其实

between the human and the honeyguide,

是在人类和蜜鴷

and the badger's a parasite.

还有蜜獾的寄生虫之间逐步形成的。

Now, when we look at bees,

我们再来看看蜜蜂，

there is this amazing diversity out there,

它们有惊人的多样性，

20,000 species.

有两万个物种。

And one in three bites of food that we eat

我们吃的食物中的三分之一

is thanks to an insect pollinator.

多亏了授粉昆虫。

So one of the things I'm working on

所以我从事的工作之一

is looking at those links

就是研究那些

between nature and sustainable human life.

自然和可持续的人类生活之间的联系。

And here are just a few of the beautiful bees

这些美丽的蜜蜂，

that we have in Kenya,

生长在肯尼亚

in fact, not far from Nairobi.

事实上，离内罗比不远。

Now, how many of you like coffee?

你们多少人喜欢喝咖啡？

Yeah, I actually can't drink it

事实上我不能喝咖啡

because if I do, my hands shake,

因为只要我一喝，我的手就会发抖，

and I can't pick up ants and bees.

抖到连蚂蚁和蜜蜂都捡不起来。

Chocolate?

巧克力呢？

I love chocolate, the darker the better,

我爱巧克力，越纯越好，

so I really like chocolate.

我非常喜欢巧克力。

Now the thing is, without insect pollinators,

重要的是，如果没有传粉昆虫，

there would be very little coffee

地球上的咖啡会变得非常少

and no chocolate on the planet.

巧克力也不复存在。

Could you imagine that?

你可以想象吗？

That's really scary!

这是非常可怕的事情！

Now, I want to show you

现在，我想告诉你们

out of thousands of examples

今天我会列举出

that I could have brought here today

上千个例子中的其中一些

to show you how insects are connected to your life,

来说明昆虫是如何与你们的生活，

to every single human being on the planet.

和地球上每一个人类联系在一起的。

Here are two colleagues and friends.

这两位是我的同事和朋友

Domina is a farmer in Mwanza

Domina是姆万扎的一位农夫

in western Tanzania,

在坦桑尼亚西部，

and Peter is from the Kerio Valley

Peter来自可瑞尔谷。

in northwestern Kenya.

位于肯尼亚西北部。

Now, Domina grows pigeon feed, cow feed,

Domina种植养殖鸽子和牛的饲料，

a whole wide range of legumes.

和多种豆类。

And she feeds her family,

她靠着这些养家，

she survives in a very remote area

她生活在非常偏远的地区

based off of these amazing crops,

靠着这些惊人的作物，

legumes, a lot of traditional vegetables,

豆类，大量传统的蔬菜维生，

and all of them are pollinated

而全部这些作物都需要

by these different wild bee species.

借着不同种类的野生蜜蜂授粉。

Now, Peter grows five varieties of mango on his farm,

Peter在他的农场里种着五种不同的芒果，

and he actually paid for his education

事实上他靠着种植和销售芒果

by growing and selling mangoes.

来支付他的教育费用。

And I really like mangoes

我非常喜欢芒果

and so it's really a great pleasure working on the farm

所以在这个种植五种不同芒果的农场工作

with five different varieties of mango.

我非常开心。

And if you look at all these different fruits and crops here,

如果你看这些不同的水果和作物，

one thing that connects us to biodiversity

有件事让我们和生物多样性相连

and one thing we do as a scientist,

和我们身为科学家会做的一件事就是

we write papers.

我们写学术论文

We do research, and we write papers.

我们做调查，然后写论文。

Nobody ever reads them,

从没有人去读它们，

but here's one of my papers.

这是我其中的一篇论文。

It's on the African violet.

关于非洲紫罗兰论文。

This is in the U.S.

这是在美国

This florist sells about 10,000 dollars worth

这位花商每年销售价值高达一万美元

of violets a year.

的紫罗兰。

It's worth about 6 billion dollars in trade.

这是个价值六十亿美元的贸易。

It originates in East Africa,

它起源于东部非洲，

and we never knew what pollinated it.

我们从不知道它透过什么授粉的。

Well, I went off and studied this.

所以，我前往非洲研究这个主题。

One thing to say about pollinators

关于传粉者一件重要的事

is it comes done to being about sex.

就是性生活。

And how many of you like sex?

你们有多少人喜欢性生活的？

Where are we, the Vatican?

我们在哪？梵蒂冈吗？

So what happens when insects help plants have sex

当昆虫帮助植物发生性关系时

is there's really good sex.

那是非常美好的性。

This is an example of really good sex.

举个非常好的性，

基本上当蜜蜂接近花朵时，

So basically the bee comes along,

it vibrates the flower

它会使花朵在一个特别的频率颤动，

at a specific frequency, 11 to 12 hertz,

在十一到十二赫兹之间，

pollen is released,

花粉被释放出来，

and the plant survives in the wild.

因此植物才能在自然环境下生存下来。

This is one of the world's most endangered plants.

这是世界上最濒临灭绝的植物之一。

We go up into the deserts of northern Kenya,

我们来到肯尼亚北部的沙漠，

which are now very famous

这里现在非常出名

because of the discovery of oil.

因为在这里发现了石油。

But I will tell you a little different story.

但我要说的是不同的故事。

These animals, the camel,

这些动物，骆驼，

which allow life in this very remote community,

它们可以在偏远的地区生活，

are browsing off of a shrub called indigofera,

以一种名为槐蓝属的灌木为食，

and indigofera is 100% dependent on bee pollination.

这种槐蓝属的生产繁衍完全依靠蜜蜂授粉。

So all these wild bees produce the indigofera,

所以说这些野生蜜蜂使槐蓝属得以生存，

which the camels and goats eat.

供骆驼和山羊为食。

And we look at a community like this,

当我们看看像这样的部落，

Nalaray, northern Samburu,

那拉瑞，桑布鲁北部，

and people will look at these children

当人们看到这些孩童时，

and say they are poor.

会说他们很贫穷。

And I disagree

我不同意这个说法

because over lunch we collected 30 different bee species

因为在午餐时我们能在餐桌上收集到三十种不同的蜜蜂

in the Acacia where they had their lunch

但就在他们吃午餐的金合欢树上

and 400 pollinator species in the Acacia tortilis

就有有四百中授粉物种

where their classroom is located.

他们的教室就在金合欢树上。

So I want to leave you with a radical piece of technology

所以我想拜托大家一件很简单的事

called the bee hotel

名叫蜜蜂酒店

that you can innovate and build for yourself.

在那里你可以自己创建和构架。

Create a habitat where bees can nest and live

就在你自己的后院里

in your own backyard.

创造一个蜜蜂可以筑巢和生活的栖息地。

But more importantly, please create space

但更重要的是，请在你心中

in your hearts for insects.

为昆虫建造一个空间。

Spend five minutes a day with them if you can.

如果可以的话每天花五分钟和它们待在一起。（掌声）

And I believe that if the one lesson

我相信，我们能从昆虫身上学到的

we can learn from insects

重要的一课就是

is that meek shall inherit the Earth.

温柔的人必承受地土（圣经）。