How (and why) to read William Faulkner - Sascha Morrell

Translator: Гульноза Одилова Reviewer: Nazarbek Nazarov

You’re halfway through

Siz 20-asrning

what’s supposedly one of the greatest novels of the 20th century,

eng buyuk romanlaridan biri bo’lgan kitobni yarimini o’qib,

but nothing quite makes sense.

ammo hech narsa tushunmadingizmi?

Narrating characters offer clashing versions of the same story

Asar qahramonlari bitta hikoyani har xil variantlarda taklif qilib,

and often seem unsure who, what, or when they’re talking about.

ko’pincha kim, nima yoki qachon bo’layotgani tushunarsiz bo’lib qoladi.

Seemingly minor details trigger intense emotional reactions you don't understand.

Tushunarsizlik mayda tafsilotlardan ko’rinadi.

And the prose is loaded with convoluted sentences and outlandish imagery.

Nasr esa chigal jumlalar va g’alati tasvirlar bilan to’la.

Confused? Good— that means you’re on the right track.

Adashib kettingizmi? Bu yaxshi— demak to’g’ri yo’ldasiz.

William Faulkner is considered one of America’s most remarkable

Uilyam Folkner Amerikaning eng ko’zga ko’rinarli va

and perplexing writers.

jumboqli yozuvchisidir.

Fortunately, he wasn’t just toying with his audience.

Yaxshiyamki, u shunchaki kitobxonlar bilan o’ynamaydi.

Faulkner used confusion intentionally,

Folkner inson ongining eng sirli qismlarini,

to explore the most mysterious parts of the human mind

shaxsiy, irqiy va mintaqaviy o’ziga xoslikning

and investigate pressing issues of personal, racial, and regional identity.

dolzarb muammolarini o’rganish uchun chalkashlikdan ataylab foydalangan.

The result is a body of work that’s shocking, inventive, and often hilarious—

Natijada hayratlanarli, jumboqli va ko’pincha qiziqarli, ammo,

but above all, challenging.

qiyin ish jamlanmasi paydo bo’ladi.

So what clues should readers look for to navigate his literary labyrinths?

Xo’sh, kitobxonlar bu labirintlarda harakat qilish uchun nima qilish kerak?

Many of Faulkner’s novels are set in the fictional county of Yoknapatawpha—

Folknerning ko’pgina romanlari xayoliy Yoknapatawpha grafligida-

a fantastical reimagining of Lafayette County, Mississippi,

u hayotining ko’p qismini o’tkazgan Missisipi shtatidagi

where he spent most of his life.

Lafayett okrugidan olingan.

Born in 1897, Faulkner grew up steeped in oral storytelling traditions,

1897 yilda tug’ilgan Folkner folklor va oilaviy tarixdan tortib fuqarolar urushiga

from folklore and family histories to local legends of Civil War glory.

oid mahalliy afsonalargacha og’zaki hikoya qilish an’anasi bilan o’sgan.

However, these grand myths didn’t match the messy reality of the American South,

Biroq, bu buyuk afsonalar irqchi Jim Krou qonunlari bilan bo’lingan va qullik va

divided by racist Jim Crow laws

mustamlakachilik zo’ravonlik merosi bilan

and plagued by the legacies of slavery and colonial violence.

azoblangan Amerika janubining dahshatli haqiqatiga to’g’ri kelmadi.

All these tensions come alive inside Yoknapatawpha.

Bu hodisalarning barchasi Yoknapatawpha ichida jonlandi.

Full of horror, humor, and human tragedy,

Folknerning dahshat, hazil va insoniy fojiaga to‘la

Faulkner’s stories feature many memorable characters,

hikoyalarida esda qolarli obrazlar ko’pdir -

like the spurned bride who sleeps beside her would-be husband’s corpse,

bo‘lajak erining jasadi yonida uxlab yotgan rad etilgan kelin

or the duped sharecropper obsessively hunting for imaginary coins.

yoki xayoliy tangalar izlayotgan aldangan sherik kabilardir.

At first glance, these characters seem grotesquely absurd.

Bir qarashda, bu belgilar g’ayrioddiy ko’rinadi.

But under the surface, they all reflect his obsession

Ammo sirtdan qaraganda odamlarning o’tmishga nisbatan

with how people process the past—

harakatini ko’rsatib, o’jarlik bilan ushlab turadigan narsalarni

what they stubbornly hold on to, unwittingly forget and willingly distort.

o’zlarini bilmagan holda unutadilar va buzadilar.

Much of Faulkner’s fiction is told from multiple perspectives,

Folknerning ko’p asarlari o’quvchiga har-hil yondoshuv va

offering the reader several versions of the story’s events.

voqealiklarni bir nechta versiyalarini taklif qiladi.

For example, “The Sound and the Fury” combines the narratives

Masalan, “Ovoz va g’azab” asarida singlisi Keddi haqidagi

of Benjy, Quentin, and Jason Compson,

xotiralar uch aka-uka Benji, Kventin va Jeysonlarni

three brothers haunted by memories of their sister Caddy.

ta’qib qilgani haqida hikoyalari jamlangan.

One brother's narration will occasionally fill the gaps left by another's,

Bir akani hikoyasi vaqti-vaqti bilan boshqa akani hikoyalari to’ldiradi

but just as often, their accounts contradict each other.

lekin ko’pincha ularning hikoyalari bir-biriga zid keladi.

To make things more confusing, Benjy’s narration is disjointed in time,

Vaziyatni chalkashtirish uchun Benjining hikoyasi o’tmish va

slipping between past and present without warning.

ayni vaqt o’rtasida ogohlantirishsiz sirg’alib ketadi.

Meanwhile, Quentin's section confuses fact and fantasy

Kventinning bo’limida esa haqiqat va afsona aralashtirib yuboradi,

as it jumps backward in time from the day of his untimely death.

chunki u bevaqt vafot etgan kundan vaqtni orqaga qaytaradi.

Only the aggressive, money-hungry Jason attempts to embrace the present—

Faqat tajovuzkor, pulga o’ch Jeyson hozirgi kun bilan yashaydi,

but even he is constantly overtaken by past resentments.

lekin o’tmishdagi noroziliklar yengib o’tishga harakat qiladi.

Following these threads can be bewildering,

Ushbu asarlar tushunarsizga o’xshar,

but Faulkner wants the audience to share in the characters’ confusion.

ammo Folkner kitobxonlariga bu voqealiklarga sherik bo’lishini xoxledi

This approach allows readers to understand the Compsons’

Ushbu yondashuv kitobxonlarni Compsonslarni moyillik va

biases and blindspots firsthand.

noto’g’ri qarashlarini tushunishga imkon beradi.

And since his characters’ distortions of the past

Uning qahramonlari o’tmishni buzib ko’rsatishlari

often reflect larger denials of Southern history,

ko’pincha janub tarixini inkor etishni aks ettirsada,

it also allows Faulkner to explore his own anxieties about the South.

bu Folknerga janubni ko’proq o’rganishga imkon beradi.

For example, his novel “Light in August” deliberately induces ambiguity

Masalan, “Avgustdagi yorug’lik” roman qahramonlarini irqiy kelib chiqishida

about a character’s racial origins in ways that undermine rigid Jim Crow policies.

noaniqlik bo’lib, bu Jim Krouning qat’iy siyosatiga putur etkazadi.

And in “Absalom, Absalom!” narrating townsfolk

“Absalom, Absalom!” shahar aholisining so’zlariga ko’ra,

remark that “no one knew how”

mahalliy er egasi uning mulkiga

a local landowner had come into his property,

qanday kelganini “hech kim bilmasdi”

and that his house was built “apparently out of nothing.”

va uning uyi “yo’qdan” qurilgan.

This kind of evasive language shows how characters are desperate to cover up

Bunday mujmallik qahramonlarning genotsid va qullikning chidab bo’lmas

the region's intolerable history of genocide and slavery.

tarixini yashirishga qanday intilayotganligini ko’rsatadi.

But even when exploring the heaviest topics,

Ammo eng og’ir mavzularni o’qiyotganda ham,

Faulkner spellbinds readers with verbal acrobatics.

Folkner kitobxonlarni yozuvchi mahorati bilan sehrlaydi.

One particularly bewildering sentence in “Absalom, Absalom!”

“Absalom, Absalom!” asaridagi qiziqarli bir jumlasi

runs 1,288 words long,

1288 soʻzdan iborat boʻlib,

and features locals haggling over “violently-colored candy,”

unda mahalliy aholi “yorqin rangli konfet”, “bulutli tovuqlar”

a “cloudy swirl of chickens,” and a hard-drinking planter

eskirgan toʻpga ham, raqqosaga ham o’xshatilgan

who’s compared to both a worn-out cannon and a showgirl.

ichkilikboz plantator bilan savdolashgani ko’rsatilgan.

Even his jokes can breed more confusion,

Hatto uning hazillarida ham adashtirishi mumkun,

such as when Benjy Compson conflates his sister Caddy with golf caddies.

masalan, Benji Kompson o’z singlisi Kedini golf o’yinchilari bilan adashtirgani.

Reading Faulkner is rarely easy, but it is deeply rewarding.

Folknerni o’qish ka’mdan-kam hollarda oson, lekin juda foydali.

He invites readers to contemplate the unreliable nature of history and memory.

U kitobxonlarni tarix va hotiralar haqida mulohaza qilishga chaqirda.

And in teaching us to embrace confusion

Folkner qiyinchiliklarni qabul qilishga va

and recognize the limits of our perception,

idrok chegaralarini tan olishga o’rgatish orqali

Faulkner can help us listen for hidden meanings

bizni o’rab turgan tovush va g’azabdagi

in the sound and fury that surround us.

yashirin ma’nolarni tinglashimizga yordam beradi.