The science of macaroni salad: What's in a mixture? - Josh Kurz

Nauka salate od makarona: šta se nalazi u smesi? - Džoš Kerc (Josh Kurz)

Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Jessica Ruby

Prevodilac: Mile Živković Lektor: Anja Saric

The world we live in is made of things,

Svet u kom živimo sastoji se od stvari,

billions and billions of different things,

milijardu različitih stvari,

like pickles and pianos and dump trucks and octopi.

poput turšije,

klavira.

smećarskih kamiona

i oktopusa.

Iako se ove stvari čine potpuno različitim,

And even though these things seem totally different,

they're all made of the same stuff, just combined in different ways.

sve se sastoje od istih stvari

koje su samo iskombinovane na drugačije načine.

To give you an idea of how this combining works,

Kao primer toga kako ovo kombinovanje funkcioniše,

let's take something apart.

hajde da rastavimo nešto.

Let's start with this bowl of macaroni salad.

Počnimo sa ovom činijom salate od makarona.

If you were to reverse a recipe for macaroni salad,

Kada biste preokrenuli recept za salatu od makarona,

videli biste da se pravi tako što se pomeša

you'll see it's made by mixing together a bunch of ingredients,

hrpa sastojaka,

poput makarona,

like macaroni, mayo, vinegar, vegetables, and mustard.

majoneza,

sirćeta,

povrća

i senfa.

This type of combining is called a mixture.

Ovakva vrsta kombinovanja naziva se smesom.

Kada napravite smesu,

When you make a mixture,

kombinujete dve ili više stvari zajedno

you're combining two or more things together

a da zapravo ne izmenite

without actually changing the chemical identity of those things.

hemijski identitet tih stvari,

Like mud, for example.

poput blata, na primer.

The soil and water in mud haven't actually changed.

Zemlja i voda u blatu nisu se zapravo izmenile.

They're still soil and water,

Još uvek su zemlja i voda,

samo ste napravili smesu zemlje i vode,

you've just created a mixture of soil and water -- mud.

blato.

It turns out that macaroni salad is actually a mixture of mixtures

Ispostavlja se da je salata od makarona

zapravo smesa smesa

because many of the ingredients, like mayo and mustard,

jer su mnogi od sastojaka

poput majoneza i senfa

već sami smese,

are already mixtures themselves,

which is nice for us because if we look closely,

što je za nas dobro

jer ako pogledamo izbliza,

we'll the see the three main types of mixtures that exist.

videćemo tri glavna tipa smesa koje postoje.

The size of the particles in a mixture determines the type of mixture.

Veličina čestica u smesi

određuje tip smese.

On one end of the scale is a suspension, like our muddy water example.

Sa jedne strane je suspenzija,

poput našeg primera s blatnjavom vodom.

You get this if you take big chunks of something

Ovo se dobije kada uzmete velike komade nečega

and mix it with something else so those chunks are just floating around.

i to pomešate s nečim drugim

tako da ti komadi samo lebde okolo.

Uzmite tečni senf na primer.

Take runny mustard for example.

You'll see a bunch of little particles

Videćete gomilu malih čestica

like mustard seeds, pepper, allspice, and minced shallots

poput semenki senfa,

bibera,

pimenta

i mlevenog vlašca

all floating around in a liquid,

koji lebde okolo u tečnosti,

in this case vinegar with water.

u ovom slučaju u sirćetu u vodi.

This is called a suspension

Ovo se zove suspenzija

because you've got particles of one thing suspended in another.

jer su čestice jedne stvari

suspendovane u drugoj stvari.

Now, on the other end of the spectrum is a solution.

Sa druge strane nalazi se

rastvor.

Čestice u ovoj smesi su tako male

The particles in this mixture are so small,

da su to zapravo molekuli.

they are the actual molecules.

A solution is sort of like a suspension of molecules

Rastvor je poput suspenzije molekula

gde se jedan tip molekula pretapa

where one type of molecule is blended or dissolved with another.

ili rastvara u drugi.

Vinegar is an example of a solution

Sirće je primer rastvora

gde se molekuli sirćetne kiseline

where the molecules of acetic acid are blended with molecules of water.

pretapaju u molekule vode.

The chemical properties of the molecules haven't changed,

Hemijska svojstva molekula nisu se promenila,

sada su samo jednako izmešana.

they're just evenly mixed together now.

Slana voda i gazirana pića

Saltwater and carbonated soda are both examples of solutions

su primeri rastvora

gde su drugi molekuli rastvoreni u vodi.

where other molecules are dissolved in water.

The last type of mixture is called a colloid,

Poslednji tip smese naziva se koloid,

which is somewhere between a suspension and a solution.

što je nešto između suspenzije i rastvora.

To se dešava kada uzmete dva materijall koji se ne rastvaraju

It's when you take two materials that don't dissolve

i čestice napravite tako sitnim

and you make the particles so small that they can't separate.

da ne mogu da se odvoje.

Mayo is what happens when you take oil and water,

Majonez nastaje

kada uzmete ulje i vodu,

which don't mix,

koji se ne mešaju,

i vežete ih zajedno,

and you bind them together,

obično uz pomoć druge supstance

usually with the help of another substance called an emulsifier.

koja se naziva emulgatorom.

In the case of mayo, it's lecithin, found in eggs.

Kod majoneza, to je lecitin, koji se može naći u jajima.

Sada imate veoma malo grumenje ulja

And now you are left with really small globs of oil

hanging out with really small droplets of water.

koje se druži sa veoma malim kapljicama vode.

Whipped cream, hairspray, Styrofoam, and Jello

Šlag,

lak za kosu,

stiropor

i žele

are all other examples of colloids.

su drugi primeri koloida.

Vratimo se salati od makarona.

So, let's get back to macaroni salad.

You've call colloids like mayo, suspensions like mustard,

Imate koloide poput majoneza,

suspenzije poput senfa

and solutions like vinegar,

i rastvore poput sirćeta,

ali imate i celer,

but you've also got celery, shallots, and all other vegetable chunks

vlašac

i sve druge komadiće povrća

that are also part of the salad.

koji su deo salate.

These aren't mixtures, really, but we can break them up,

Ovo zapravo nisu smese,

ali možemo da ih rastavimo,

isto kao što TV može da se rastavi

just like a TV can be broken up

into smaller and smaller complex component parts.

na sve manje kompleksne sastavne delove.

Kod povrća,

In the case of vegetables, if you keep breaking things up,

ako nastavite da rastvarate stvari,

završićete s hiljadama

they'll eventually end with thousands of complex organic molecules,

kompleksnih organskih molekula,

things like ATP synthase

sa stvarima poput ATP sintaze

and RNA transcriptase

i RNA transkriptaze

and water.

i vode.

Sada, kada smo rastopili sve rastvore,

So now, once we've unblended all the solutions,

unmixed all the colloids, separated all the suspensions

odmešali sve koloide

i odvojili sve suspenzije

i rastavili svo povrće,

and taken apart all of our vegetables,

došli smo do kraja onoga što fizički možemo rastaviti.

we've reached the end of what we can unmix physically.

What we're left with is a whole bunch of molecules,

Ostaje nam hrpa molekula,

and these molecules remain chemically the same

i ovi molekuli hemijski ostaju isti

bez obzira da li su sami

whether they are by themselves or thrown together in a salad.

ili izmešani u salati.

Ako želite da ih dalje rastavljate,

If you want to separate these guys even further,

we need to unmix things chemically,

moramo da stvari odmešamo hemijski,

što znači da moramo da počnemo da prekidamo neke veze.

which means we need to start breaking some bonds.