What happens when you have a concussion? - Clifford Robbins

2,352,937 views ใƒป 2017-07-27

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
๋งค๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š”
00:07
Each year in the United States,
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00:08
players of sports and recreational activities
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์Šคํฌ์ธ ๋‚˜ ๋ ˆ์ ธํ™œ๋™ ์ค‘
00:11
receive between 2.5 and 4 million concussions.
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250๋งŒ์—์„œ 400๋งŒ ๊ฑด์˜ ๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
How dangerous are all those concussions?
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
The answer is complicated,
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00:20
and lies in how the brain responds when something strikes it.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
The brain is made of soft fatty tissue, with a consistency something like jello.
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๋‡Œ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ง€๋ฐฉ์งˆ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์ ค๋ฆฌ ์ •๋„์˜ ๋ง๋ž‘ํ•จ์„ ์ง€๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
Inside its protective membranes and the skull's hard casing,
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๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ง‰๊ณผ ๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•œ ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ ์•ˆ์—
00:34
this delicate organ is usually well-shielded.
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์ด ์—ฐ์•ฝํ•œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
But a sudden jolt can make the brain shift
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด ๋‡Œ๋Š” ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์—ฌ
00:41
and bump against the skull's hard interior,
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๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ์˜ ๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•œ ๋ฒฝ์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํžˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
and unlike jello, the brain's tissue isn't uniform.
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๋‡Œ ์กฐ์ง์€ ์ ค๋ฆฌ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ท ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
It's made of a vast network of 90 billion neurons,
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๋‡Œ๋Š” 900์–ต๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ,
00:52
which relay signals through their long axons to communicate throughout the brain
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์€ ์ถ•์ƒ‰๋Œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‡Œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์„œ๋กœ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ›์•„
00:57
and control our bodies.
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์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชธ์„ ์กฐ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง‰๋Œ€๊ธฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์— ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์•ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
This spindly structure makes them very fragile
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01:03
so that when impacted, neurons will stretch and even tear.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ฐข์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
That not only disrupts their ability to communicate
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์— ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:11
but as destroyed axons begin to degenerate,
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ํŒŒ๊ดด๋œ ์ถ•์ƒ‰๋Œ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ํ‡ดํ™”๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
01:14
they also release toxins causing the death of other neurons, too.
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๋…์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฟœ์–ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
This combination of events causes a concussion.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
The damage can manifest in many different ways
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ
01:26
including blackout,
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์˜์‹์ƒ์‹ค,
01:28
headache,
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๋‘ํ†ต,
01:29
blurry vision,
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ํ๋ฆฟํ•œ ์‹œ์•ผ,
01:30
balance problems,
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๊ท ํ˜•๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ƒ์‹ค,
01:31
altered mood and behavior,
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๊ฐ์ •๊ณผ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”,
01:33
problems with memory, thinking, and sleeping,
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๊ธฐ์–ต๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๊ณ , ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์žฅ์• 
01:36
and the onset of anxiety and depression.
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๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ณผ ์šฐ์šธ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
Every brain is different,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ์ €๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
01:41
which explains why people's experiences of concussions vary so widely.
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๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์˜ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
Luckily, the majority of concussions fully heal
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜๊ณ 
01:49
and symptoms disappear within a matter of days or weeks.
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์ฆ์ƒ์€ ์ˆ˜์ผ ํ˜น์€ ์ˆ˜์ฃผ ๋‚ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
Lots of rest and a gradual return to activity
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ํœด์‹๊ณผ ์ ์ง„์ ์ธ ์žฌํ™œ์€
01:57
allows the brain to heal itself.
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๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
On the subject of rest,
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๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ• ํ›„ ํœด์‹์— ๊ด€ํ•ด
02:03
many people have heard that you're not supposed to sleep
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ• ์งํ›„ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์„ ์ทจํ•˜๋ฉด
02:05
shortly after receiving a concussion because you might slip into a coma.
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ํ˜ผ์ˆ˜์ƒํƒœ์— ๋น ์งˆ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
That's a myth.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
So long as doctors aren't concerned there may also be a more severe brain injury,
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๋‡Œ์ถœํ˜ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋‡Œ์˜ ๋ถ€์ƒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
02:17
like a brain bleed,
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์˜ํ•™์  ์†Œ๊ฒฌ์ด ์—†๋Š” ํ•œ
02:18
there's no documented problem with going to sleep after a concussion.
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๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ• ์ดํ›„ ์ž ์„ ์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
Sometimes, victims of concussion can experience something
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ• ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ PCS๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
02:26
called post-concussion syndrome, or PCS.
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๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ• ํ›„ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์„ ๊ฒช์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
People with PCS may experience constant headaches,
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๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ• ํ›„ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์„ ๊ฒช๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋‘ํ†ต
02:33
learning difficulties,
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ํ•™์Šต๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ €ํ•˜,
02:35
and behavioral symptoms that even affect their personal relationships
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ด€๊ณ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€
02:39
for months or years after the injury.
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๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ• ์ดํ›„ ๋ช‡๊ฐœ์›” ํ˜น์€ ๋ช‡๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
Trying to play through a concussion, even for only a few minutes,
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๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ• ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋‹จ ๋ช‡๋ถ„์ด๋ผ๋„ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ํ™œ๋™์„ ๊ฐ•ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
02:46
or returning to sports too soon after a concussion,
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๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ• ์ดํ›„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด
02:49
makes it more likely to develop PCS.
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PCS๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์„ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
In some cases, a concussion can be hard to diagnose
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๋ช‡๋ช‡์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์€ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
because the symptoms unfold slowly over time.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฆ์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์„œ์„œํžˆ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
That's often true of subconcussive impacts
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์ฆ‰์‹œ ๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์•ฝํ•œ
03:04
which result from lower impact jolts to the head
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๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์šด ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ๋“ค์„ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด
03:06
than those that cause concussions.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
This category of injury doesn't cause noticable symptoms right away,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์šด ์ง„ํƒ•์€ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
03:13
but can lead to severe degenerative brain diseases over time
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋ฏธํ•œ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์— ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:17
if it happens repeatedly.
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์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ํ‡ดํ–‰์„ฑ ๋‡Œ์งˆํ™˜์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
Take soccer players, who are known for repeatedly heading soccer balls.
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ํ—ค๋”ฉ์„ ์ž์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ•๊ตฌ์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค์„
03:25
Using a technique called Diffusion Tensor Imaging,
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DTI๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋ฏธํ•œ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ด
03:27
we're beginning to find out what effect that has on the brain.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‡Œ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
This method allows scientists to find large axon bundles
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ถ•์ƒ‰๋Œ๊ธฐ ๋ญ‰์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ 
03:35
and see how milder blows might alter them structurally.
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๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์šด ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
In 2013, researchers using this technique discovered
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2013๋…„์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
03:43
that athletes who had headed the ball most,
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์ผ๋…„์— 1800ํšŒ ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ
03:46
about 1,800 times a year,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ํ—ค๋”ฉ์„ ํ•œ ์ถ•๊ตฌ์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š”
03:49
had damaged the structural integrity of their axon bundles.
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์ถ•์ƒ‰๋Œ๊ธฐ ๋ญ‰์น˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์†์ƒ์„ ์ž…์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
The damage was similar to how a rope will fail
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์†์ƒ์€ ๋ฐง์ค„์˜ ์„ฌ์œ  ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋‹ฅ๊ฐ€๋‹ฅ์ด
03:56
when the individual fibers start to fray.
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ํ—ค์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋กœํ”„๊ฐ€ ๋Š์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
Those players also performed worse on short-term memory tests,
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์ด ์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์„ ๊ฒช์€ ์ ์€ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์–ต๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ์—์„œ ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์„ฑ์ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
so even though no one suffered full-blown concussions,
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04:07
these subconcussive hits added up to measurable damage over time.
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๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์šด ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ด ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ˆ„์ ๋˜์–ด ํฐ ์†์ƒ์„ ์ž…๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋ฏธํ•œ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋ˆ„์ ๋˜๋ฉด
04:14
In fact, researchers know that an overload of subconcussive hits
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04:18
is linked to a degenerative brain disease known as Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy,
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๋งŒ์„ฑ์™ธ์ƒ์„ฑ๋‡Œ๋ณ‘์ฆ (CTE) ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„
04:24
or CTE.
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ํ‡ดํ–‰์„ฑ ๋‡Œ์งˆํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
People with CTE suffer from changes in their mood and behavior
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CTE๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ 30๋Œ€ ํ˜น์€ 40๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋Š”
04:30
that begin appearing in their 30s or 40s
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์ •์„œ์™€ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
04:33
followed by problems with thinking and memory
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์™€ ๊ธฐ์–ต์˜ ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ๋™๋ฐ˜๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
that can, in some cases, even result in dementia.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์น˜๋งค๋กœ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
The culprit is a protein called tau.
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๋ฒ”์ธ์€ ํƒ€์šฐ๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
Usually, tau proteins support tiny tubes inside our axons called microtubules.
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์ด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์€ ์ถ•์ƒ‰๋Œ๊ธฐ ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์†Œ๊ด€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๊ด€์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
04:50
It's thought that repeated subconcussive hits damage the microtubules,
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๊ฒฝ๋ฏธํ•œ ์ง„ํƒ•์ด ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋ฉด ๋ฏธ์†Œ๊ด€์ด ์†์ƒ๋˜๊ณ 
04:54
causing the tau proteins to dislodge and clump together.
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ํƒ€์šฐ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์€ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๊ด€์—์„œ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ๋‚˜์™€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋ญ‰์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
The clumps disrupt transport and communication along the neuron
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์ด ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‰ด๋ก  ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต๊ณผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๊ตํ™˜์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ 
05:04
and drive the breakdown of connections within the brain.
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๋‡Œ ๋‚ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ง์˜ ์™€ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
Once the tau proteins start clumping together,
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ํƒ€์šฐ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ด ๋ญ‰์น˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด
05:11
they cause more clumps to form
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๋‡Œ์— ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„
05:13
and continue to spread throughout the brain,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ 
05:16
even after head impacts have stopped.
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๋‡Œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
The data show that at least among football players,
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๋ฐ์ดํƒ€ ์ƒ์œผ๋ก  ํ’‹๋ณผ์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค๋งŒ ๋ณด๋”๋ผ๋„ 50%~80%์˜ ๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์€
05:22
between 50 and 80% of concussions go unreported and untreated.
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์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
Sometimes that's because it's hard to tell
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์• ์ดˆ์— ๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์„ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ
05:30
a concussion has occurred in the first place.
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ํž˜๋“ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:32
But it's also often due to pressure or a desire to keep going
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์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ด์ƒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๋„๋ก
05:37
despite the fact that something's wrong.
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์••๋ฐ•์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
This doesn't just undermine recovery.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:42
It's also dangerous.
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์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
Our brains aren't invincible.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ์ฒœํ•˜๋ฌด์ ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
They still need us to shield them from harm
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ํ•ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ 
05:49
and help them undo damage once it's been done.
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์†์ƒ์„ ์ž…์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํšŒ๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ์–ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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