The fish that walk on land - Noah R. Bressman

1,019,402 views ใƒป 2020-08-31

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:06
This pond is the only home this fish has ever known.
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์ด ์—ฐ๋ชป์€ ์ด ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ง‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:10
But lately, itโ€™s gotten crowded and food is scarce.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์—ฐ๋ชป์€ ๋ถ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์Œ์‹์€ ์ ์  ์ค„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
Luckily, it has an option many donโ€™t:
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์šด์ข‹๊ฒŒ๋„ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ”ํžˆ๋“ค ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ํƒ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
as a walking catfish, it can dance its way out of the water
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์ง€๋Š๋Ÿฌ๋ฏธ๋ฉ”๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฌผ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
00:22
and onto bigger and better things.
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๋” ํฌ๊ณ  ์ข‹์€ ์—ฐ๋ชป์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
However, it faces many challenges on its terrestrial journey:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€์ƒ์—์„œ์˜ ์—ฌํ–‰์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋„์ „์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
itโ€™s now in danger of suffocating, drying up,
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ํ˜ธํกํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค๋ฉฐ, ๋ชธ์ด ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
00:32
suffering physical damage from rough terrain,
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๊ฑฐ์นœ ๋•… ํ‘œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
and being hunted by land predators.
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๋˜ ์œก์ง€์˜ ํฌ์‹์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
00:39
We think of fish as completely aquatic animals.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜จ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฌผ์†์—์„œ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
But the walking catfish is just one of hundreds of fish species
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๋Š๋Ÿฌ๋ฏธ๋ฉ”๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅ™์–‘์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ
00:48
that are actually amphibious,
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
meaning that they possess adaptations that enable them to survive on land.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋•…์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ ์‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ง€์š”.
00:56
Fish amphibiousness is a spectrum.
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅ™์–‘์šฉ์€ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ์ด๋ฃน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
At one end are species like the mosquitofish
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ํ•œ์ชฝ ๋์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€
01:03
thatโ€™ll only move on land when forced.
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๊ณต๊ฒฉ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ์—๋งŒ ์œก์ง€์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
And at the other end are species like mudskippers
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ชฝ ๋์˜ ๋ง๋š๋ง๋‘ฅ์–ด๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€
01:09
that nonchalantly hop around mudflats for days at a time.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์—๋„ ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ์ด๊ณ  ์•„๋ฌด๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ™ ์œ„๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
But why do fish make the exodus from water to land?
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ์™œ ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์œก์ง€๋กœ ์ด๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:18
And how do they cope with this drastic transition?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:23
If temperatures get too high for the mangrove rivulus
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ด๋Œ€๊ธฐํ›„์˜ ์–•์€ ๋ฌผ์— ์„œ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งน๊ทธ๋กœ๋ธŒ ํ‚ฌ๋ฆฌํ”ผ์‰ฌ์—๊ฒŒ
01:27
in the shallow tropical pools it inhabits,
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์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉด
01:31
itโ€™ll flip itself onto a bank and cool off in the shade.
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๋‘‘์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Š˜์—์„œ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
During the dry period,
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๊ฑด๊ธฐ์— ๋งน๊ทธ๋กœ๋ธŒ ํ‚ฌ๋ฆฌํ”ผ์‰ฌ๋Š”
01:37
it can survive for two months out of the water
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๋‘ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฌผ ๋ฐ–์˜ ์Šตํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ง€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ
01:40
by staying in moist environments.
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์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
Meanwhile, the eel catfish makes its onshore voyage
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์žฅ์–ด๋ฉ”๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋”ฑ์ •๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:48
to satisfy its hearty craving for beetles.
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์œก์ง€์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๋– ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
And for others, the terrestrial draw is more ritualistic.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€
01:56
Every year under the cover of night,
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ํ•ด๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ฐค์ด ๋˜๋ฉด
01:59
masses of California grunion flop their way onto sandy beaches,
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๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ •์–ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ด๋ณ€๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฐญ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ณ 
02:04
where females deposit thousands of eggs into the sand
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์•”์ปท๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์—
02:09
before re-entering the ocean.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์•Œ์„ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์— ๋‚ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
Underwater, fish breathe with gills,
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๋ฌผ์†์—์„œ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•„๊ฐ€๋ฏธ๋กœ ์ˆจ์„ ์‰ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:15
which are feathery organs packed with blood vessels
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์ด๋Š” ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊นƒํ„ธ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋กœ
02:18
that absorb dissolved oxygen from the water.
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๋ฌผ์†์— ๋…น์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
But in the open air, their gills collapse and are rendered useless,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ์•„๊ฐ€๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋ชจ์–‘์ด ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ ธ ์“ธ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
so amphibious fishes need other ways to breathe.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ฅ™์–‘์šฉ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜ธํก ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
The armored catfishโ€™s stomach is packed with blood vessels,
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๋กœ๋ฆฌ์•„์นด๋ฆฌ์•„๊ณผ ๋ฉ”๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ณต๋ถ€๋Š” ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์—ฌ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
so it can gulp down air and breathe through its stomach lining.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ผ์ผœ์„œ ๋ณต๋ถ€ ๋‚ด๋ฒฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆจ์„ ์‰ฌ์ง€์š”.
02:39
And lungfish, being related to the ancestors of all tetrapods,
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๋˜ ํ์–ด๋Š” ๋„ค๋ฐœ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ์กฐ์ƒ,
02:44
or four-limbed vertebrates, are equipped with true lungs.
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ํ˜น์€ ๋„ค๋ฐœ๋กœ ๊ฑท๋Š” ์ฒ™์ถ”๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์กฐ์ƒ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€์žˆ์–ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
Theyโ€™ll actually drown if theyโ€™re kept underwater too long.
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ํ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌผ์†์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์ž ๊น ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
Fish have thin, permeable skin that allows for essential compounds
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–‡๊ณ  ํˆฌ๊ณผ์„ฑ ๋†’์€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ ์–ป์–ด
03:00
to diffuse into and out of their bodies while theyโ€™re underwater.
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๋ฌผ ์†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋ชธ ์•ˆ๊ณผ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ํผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
But this works against them on land as their bodily moisture
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ผ์™ธ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ๋บ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์—
03:09
diffuses into the air.
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์ œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
To dodge dehydration, mudskippers roll in the mud like puppies.
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ํƒˆ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ง๋š๋ง๋‘ฅ์–ด๋Š” ๊ฐ•์•„์ง€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ง„ํ™ ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
But the lungfish takes the cake:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ์–ด์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ตœ์•…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
the rivers it inhabits disappear during dry seasons,
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๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ํ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์„œ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ
03:23
so it buries itself in the earth and coats its body in a mucus cocoon.
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๋•… ๊นŠ์ˆ™ํžˆ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„์—๊ณ ์น˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ชธ์„ ๊ฐ์Œ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
It can survive like this for years until being resuscitated
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ํ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ํญํ’์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€
03:34
by the next big rainstorm.
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์ผ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
Amphibious fishes use powerful fins to move on land
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์ˆ˜๋ฅ™์–‘์šฉ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋•…์—์„œ ์›€์ง์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ์ง€๋Š๋Ÿฌ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ
03:41
and clever tools to navigate as they go.
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๊ฐ€๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์žก๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
The Nopoli rock-climbing goby, no bigger than a few centimeters,
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ํ•˜์™€์ด ๊ณ ๋น„๋Š” ๋ชธ์ด ๊ณ ์ž‘ ๋ช‡ ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ–์— ์ž๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:50
scales hundred-meter-tall Hawaiian waterfalls,
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100m ๋†’์ด์˜ ํ•˜์™€์ด ํญํฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋•Œ์—
03:54
inching its way up by alternately attaching the suction cups
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์ž…๊ณผ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ ์ง€๋Š๋Ÿฌ๋ฏธ์˜ ๋นจํŒ์„ ๊ต์ฐจํ•ด ๋ถ™์—ฌ
03:58
on its mouth and pelvic fins.
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์œ„๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
To find water while on land, the mummichog,
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์œก์ง€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:04
like most amphibious fishes, is on the lookout for reflective surfaces.
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์ˆ˜๋ฅ™์–‘์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์šฉ์ดํ•œ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์ธ ๋จธ๋ฏธ์ดˆ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋น›์ด ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋˜๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‹ค๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
Other species, like mosquitofish,
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€
04:12
exercise their inner ear to determine where theyโ€™re oriented on a slope,
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๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋ฉด์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์— ๋ฌผ์ด ์–ด๋”” ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ
04:18
relying on the probability that theyโ€™ll find water by moving downhill.
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ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚ด์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๋ จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
Our walking catfish, meanwhile,
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ง€๋Š๋Ÿฌ๋ฏธ๋ฉ”๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:26
uses the taste buds that coat its body for navigation.
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์˜จ๋ชธ์— ๋ฎ์—ฌ์ง„ ๋ฏธ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
These taste buds are concentrated in its whiskers,
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์ด ๋ฏธ๋ขฐ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ ›๋‚˜๋ฃป ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:33
which whip through the air,
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์ฑ„์ฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ค‘์„ ํœ˜๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ
04:35
sensing compounds that signal the proximity and quality
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๋จน์ž‡๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š”
04:39
of nearby waterโ€” and prey.
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๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์„ ํƒ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
The walking catfish will shimmy towards attractive volatile amino acids
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์ง€๋Š๋Ÿฌ๋ฏธ๋ฉ”๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ™ฉํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฟœ์–ด
04:48
while steering clear of foul waters emanating hydrogen sulfide.
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ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์— ๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
While amphibious fishes face a multitude of new challenges upon leaving the water,
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์ˆ˜๋ฅ™์–‘์šฉ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌผ์„ ๋– ๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„์ „์„ ์ง๋ฉดํ•  ๋•Œ์—
04:59
theyโ€™ve evolved ingenious ways to overcome them.
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์˜ํŠนํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋„์ „์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
Theyโ€™re resilient in the face of droughts and floods
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์œ ์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ญ„๊ณผ ํ™์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋งž๋‹ฅ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
05:06
and have access to new prey as well as a plan B
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๊ณผ์—ด๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜ค์—ผ๋œ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ํ”ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋ฉด
05:10
if they need to escape competitive, polluted, or unhealthy environments.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ณ„ํš์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋จน์ž‡๊ฐ์„ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
While being a โ€œfish out of waterโ€ is generally regarded as a bad thing,
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โ€˜๋ฌผ ๋ฐ–์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐโ€™๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์„์ง€๋ผ๋„
05:19
for these species, it offers an undisputed edge.
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์ด ํ’ˆ์ข…์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์šฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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