Why doesn't everyone have a jetpack? - Richard Browning

286,656 views ใƒป 2022-02-10

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Miji Ahn ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:06
On April 12, 1961, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin
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1961๋…„ 4์›” 12์ผ, ์†Œ๋ จ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋น„ํ–‰์‚ฌ ์œ ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€๋ฆฐ์€
00:11
piloted a 2,400 kilogram spacecraft in humanityโ€™s first manned space flight.
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2400ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์งœ๋ฆฌ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์„ ์กฐ์ข…ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์œ ์ธ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋น„ํ–‰์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
One week later, Bell Aerosystems debuted another advancement in aviation:
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์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ๋’ค, ๋ฒจ ์—์–ด๋กœ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ๊ณต ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง„๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
the gas-powered rocket pack.
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ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋กœ์ผ“ ํŒฉ์ด์ฃ .
00:27
Capable of flying 35 meters in just 13 seconds,
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13์ดˆ๋งŒ์— 35๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
00:31
the rocket pack thrilled onlookers.
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๊ตฌ๊ฒฝ๊พผ๋“ค์€ ๋กœ์ผ“ ํŒฉ์— ์—ด๊ด‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
But the deviceโ€™s engineers were less enthused.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋กœ์ผ“ ํŒฉ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œ ์—ด๊ด‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:37
Despite years of cutting-edge work,
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์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ์ตœ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
00:39
they knew this short flight was all the rocket pack could muster.
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๋กœ์ผ“ ํŒฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ด ์งง์€ ๋น„ํ–‰์ด ๋‹ค์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
00:43
So why was a massive spacecraft easier to send flying than a single pilot?
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๋Œ€์ฒด ์™œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์„ ๋‚ ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ข…์‚ฌ ํ•œ ๋ช…์˜ ๋น„ํ–‰๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์‰ฌ์šธ๊นŒ์š”?
00:49
According to Newton's laws of motion,
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๋‰ดํ„ด์˜ ์šด๋™ ๋ฒ•์น™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
00:52
the physics behind flight are actually quite simple.
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๋น„ํ–‰์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ด์š”.
00:55
All you need is a powerful enough upward force
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์œ„๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ํž˜์ด
00:58
to counteract the downward force of gravity.
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์ค‘๋ ฅ์ด ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๋‹น๊ธฐ๋Š” ํž˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์„ธ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜์ฃ .
01:01
And since objects with more mass experience stronger gravitational forces,
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์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ์ค‘๋ ฅ๋„ ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‹น๊ธฐ๋ฏ€๋กœ
01:06
lighter objects should be easier to get off the ground.
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๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์šด ๋ฌผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋•…์—์„œ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์‰ฝ์ฃ .
01:10
However, modern jet engines, our primary tool for flight,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋น„ํ–‰์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์žฅ์น˜์ธ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ œํŠธ ์—”์ง„์€,
01:13
actually get more efficient the larger they are.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ํšจ์œจ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
Jet engines work by sucking in huge volumes of air,
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์ œํŠธ ์—”์ง„์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋นจ์•„๋“ค์—ฌ,
01:20
and then expelling that air as quickly as possible.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฟœ์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
While most of this actually bypasses the inner machinery,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์šฐํšŒํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
01:27
it still contributes to a huge portion of the engine's thrust.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์—”์ง„ ์ถ”์ง„๋ ฅ์— ํฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:31
But the air that does enter the engineโ€™s core gets compressed
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์—”์ง„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Š”
01:34
by a series of tightly packed blades.
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๋นฝ๋นฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์–ด์ฐฌ ๋ธ”๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์••์ถ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
That compressed air then enters the combustion chamber,
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์••์ถ•๋œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Š” ์—ฐ์†Œ์‹ค๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ
01:40
where it is injected with jet fuel and ignited.
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์ œํŠธ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์™€ ๋งŒ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ์ด ๋ถ™์ฃ .
01:44
The heat causes the compressed air to rapidly expand,
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๊ทธ ์—ด์ด ์••์ถ•๋œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์‹œ์ผœ
01:48
bursting out of the exhaust and propelling the engine forward.
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๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ํ„ฐ์ ธ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์—”์ง„์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
As air leaves the engine it also turns a turbine embedded in the exhaust nozzle.
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๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Š” ์—”์ง„์„ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ„ฐ๋นˆ๋„ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
01:58
This turbine powers the fan and the compressor blades,
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ํ„ฐ๋นˆ์€ ํŒฌ๊ณผ ์••์ถ• ๋ธ”๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ,
02:01
creating a cycle that maintains thrust for as long as thereโ€™s fuel to burn.
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์—ฐ์†Œํ•  ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ์€ ์ถ”์ง„๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
The more air an engine can take in and expel the more thrust it can produce.
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์—”์ง„์ด ํก์ž…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์–‘์ด ๋งŽ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ถ”์ง„๋ ฅ์ด ๋” ์ปค์ง€์ฃ .
02:12
On a modern jet, the diameter of a frontal fan is larger than a truck.
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ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ œํŠธ ์—”์ง„์˜ ์ „๋ฐฉ ํŒฌ ์ง๊ฒฝ์€ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
And even spinning at relatively low speeds,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋น„๊ต์  ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํšŒ์ „ํ•  ๋•Œ๋„,
02:19
these engines produce more than enough thrust to maintain the necessary speed
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์—ฌ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋น„ํ–‰์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ
02:24
for flying a passenger aircraft.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ถ”์ง„๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚ด์ฃ .
02:26
But smaller engines simply canโ€™t take in this much air.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž‘์€ ์—”์ง„์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํก์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด์š”.
02:30
For most of the 20th century, engineers couldnโ€™t produce an engine
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20์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ€๋„๋ก ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€
02:34
small and light enough for an individual to wear,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ž‘๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ณ์ง€๋งŒ,
02:37
yet powerful enough to lift itself alongside its pilot and fuel.
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์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์™€ ์กฐ์ข…์‚ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋„์šธ ๋งŒํผ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์—”์ง„์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
Designs could only carry enough fuel for 30 seconds of flight,
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๊ตฌ์กฐ์ƒ ์‹ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ 30์ดˆ๊ฐ„ ๋น„ํ–‰์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ๊ณ 
02:46
and when airborne, the powerful thrust in a single direction
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๊ณต์ค‘์—์„œ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ถ”์ง„๋ ฅ์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•ด
02:49
made jetpacks difficult and dangerous to control.
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์กฐ์ข…์ด ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ์œ„ํ—˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
But the new millennium brought advances in materials, manufacturing,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์ฒœ ๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋“ค์–ด ์†Œ์žฌ, ์ œ์กฐ, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋ฐœ์ „ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
02:57
and computing technology,
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02:59
including systems which could manage fuel injection with incredible precision.
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ •๋ฐ€๋„๋กœ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:04
Together, these dramatically improved the fuel efficiency
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์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ํšจ์œจ๊ณผ ์ œํŠธ ์—”์ง„์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰๋น„๋„
03:07
and power-to-weight ratio of jet engines.
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๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
By 2016, micro-engines the size of a coffee can
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2016๋…„์ฏค์—”,
์ปคํ”ผ ์บ”๋งŒํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— 2kg๋„ ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์ดˆ์†Œํ˜• ์—”์ง„์ด
03:14
and weighing less than 2kg
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03:17
could achieve 220 Newtons of force.
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220 ๋‰ดํ„ด์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:21
This was when an English engineer named Richard Browning
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์ด๋•Œ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณตํ•™์ž ๋ฆฌ์ฐจ๋“œ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šฐ๋‹์€
03:25
saw the opportunity to create a new kind of lightweight jetpack.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ ์ œํŠธ ํŒฉ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
In addition to a single engine strapped to the back,
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๋“ฑ์ชฝ์— ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ์—”์ง„ ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์— ๋”ํ•ด,
03:33
this so-called Jet Suit involved a pair of micro-engines on each arm
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ํŒ” ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ์ดˆ์†Œํ˜• ์—”์ง„ ํ•œ ์Œ์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ์ œํŠธ ์ˆ˜ํŠธ๋กœ
03:38
to split and balance the thrust.
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์ถ”์ง„๋ ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์‚ฐํ•ด ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์žก์ฃ .
03:42
Working with the back engine, these provided three-points of stability,
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๋“ฑ์ชฝ ์—”์ง„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ด์„œ, ์‚ผ๊ฐํ˜•์˜ ์•ˆ์ •๊ฐ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
which some pilots describe as being akin to comfortably leaning on crutches
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์–ด๋–ค ์กฐ์ข…์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ชฉ๋ฐœ์„ ์งš๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:51
while a friend supports your back.
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์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ฐ›์ณ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
It may seem complicated to manage all these engines at once,
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์—”์ง„๋“ค์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ์กฐ์ข…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
03:57
but many pilots master it in less than a day
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๋งŽ์€ ์กฐ์ข…์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋„ ์•ˆ ๋˜์–ด์„œ ํ†ต๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:00
with the help of another advanced computer systemโ€” their brain.
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๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋•๋ถ„์—์š”.
๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋‡Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
Various brain regions and multiple sensory systems
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๋‡Œ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š”
04:08
perfectly calibrate our sense of balance and spatial orientation,
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๊ท ํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์ง€๋‚จ๋ ฅ์„ ์™„๋ฒฝํžˆ ์กฐ์œจํ•˜์—ฌ
04:12
helping pilots smoothly direct their flights.
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์กฐ์ข…์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๋น„ํ–‰์„ ์›ํ™œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:15
Slight movements of the arms allow operators to increase and decrease lift,
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ํŒ”์„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์Šน๊ณผ ํ•˜๊ฐ•,
04:20
quickly turn in mid-air, or glide forward for up to 5 minutes.
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๊ณต์ค‘์—์„œ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ „ํ™˜, ์ตœ๋Œ€ 5๋ถ„๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™œ๊ฐ•์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
This technology is still fairly new,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์•„์ง ๊ฝค ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
04:27
and without major advances in fuel efficiency and engine technology,
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์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ํšจ์œจ๊ณผ ์—”์ง„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋” ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š”
04:31
donโ€™t expect to have a jetpack of your own any time soon.
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๊ฐœ์ธ์šฉ ์ œํŠธ ํŒฉ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„์ง ์ด๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
But if reaching for the sky already got us this far,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์™”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:38
who knows where we'll fly next?
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””๋ฅผ ๋‚ ์ง€ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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