What happens if an engineered virus escapes the lab?

739,875 views ใƒป 2023-03-14

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Hyeryung Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:06
In the spring of 1979, a lab worker in Sverdlovsk, USSR
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1979๋…„ ๋ด„, ์†Œ๋ จ ์˜ˆ์นดํ…Œ๋ฅธ๋ถ€๋ฅดํฌ์˜ ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋˜ ์ง์›์ด
00:12
removed a clogged air filter in the ventilation system
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ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์žฅ์น˜์—์„œ ๋ง‰ํžŒ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋บ€ ํ›„ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ƒˆ ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ผ์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
and didnโ€™t replace it.
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00:18
His note to the supervisor was never transferred to the official logbook,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ณง ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ธ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณต์‹ ์ผ์ง€์— ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ 
00:22
so when the next shift rolled in,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๊ต๋Œ€ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์ž๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์™€ ๋Š˜ ํ•˜๋˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์ผ์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:23
workers simply started production as usual.
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00:26
Now, in most labs, this would have been a minor mistake.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์˜€์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
But this lab was a biological weapons facility
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์‹œ์„ค์ด์–ด์„œ
00:33
producing huge quantities of anthraxโ€”
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์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ํƒ„์ €๊ท ์„ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:36
which, if inhaled, can kill up to 90% of those it infects.
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์ด ๊ท ์„ ํก์ž…ํ•œ ๊ฐ์—ผ์ž๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ 90%๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
This deadly anthrax powder floated out into the sky for hours,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ํƒ„์ €๊ท  ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์— ๋– ๋‹ค๋…”๊ณ 
00:45
causing the largest documented outbreak of inhalation anthrax on record
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํƒ„์ €๊ท  ํ”ผํ•ด ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฒ˜์ฐธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
and resulting in at least 64 deaths.
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์ตœ์†Œ 64๋ช…์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:52
What happened at Sverdlovsk was a tragedy,
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์˜ˆ์นดํ…Œ๋ฅธ๋ถ€๋ฅดํฌ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ด ๋น„๊ทน์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€
00:55
and the Soviet bioweapons program was a violation of international law.
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์†Œ๋ จ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๊ตญ์ œ๋ฒ•์„ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•ด์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
But these days, itโ€™s not just state-sponsored bioweapons programs
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:03
that keep biosecurity experts up at night.
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๋‹จ์ง€, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ํ›„์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด๋‚˜ ํƒ„์ €๊ท ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
Nor is anthrax their largest concern.
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01:09
Theyโ€™re worried about an even more dangerous kind of lab leak.
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์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ์œ ์ถœ์„ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:14
Since the 1970s, researchers have been manipulating the DNA of microbes
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1970๋…„๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ DNA๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ
01:18
to give them abilities they didnโ€™t have before.
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
This is called โ€œgain of functionโ€ work
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โ€œ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ํš๋“โ€œ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํฐ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
and it includes a huge body of scientific research.
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01:27
The majority of this work helps humanity with very little risk,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ตํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
for example, engineered viruses are used in vaccine production,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
01:35
gene therapy, and cancer treatments.
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์œ ์ „์ž ์น˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ์•” ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
01:38
But within the gain of function realm lies an intensely debated sub-field
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๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ํš๋“ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋…ผ์˜๋˜๋Š” ํ•˜์œ„ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š”
01:43
where scientists engineer superbugs.
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์Šˆํผ๋ฒ„๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
Officially known as โ€œenhanced potential pandemic pathogens,โ€
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์Šˆํผ๋ฒ„๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ โ€œ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์ „์—ผ ๋ณ‘์›์ฒด(ePPP)โ€œ๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•˜๋ฉฐ
01:50
these ePPPs are typically variants of well-known viruses,
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์ด ePPP๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ๋ณ€์ข…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
such as Ebola or avian influenza that have been engineered to be, say,
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๊ธฐ์กด์— ์žˆ๋˜ ์—๋ณผ๋ผ๋‚˜ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ๋…๊ฐ ๋”ฐ์œ„์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ
01:59
more transmissible or more deadly.
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์ „์—ผ์ด ๋” ์ž˜ ๋˜๊ณ  ๋” ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๋ณ€์ข…์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:02
The stakes of this kind of work are much higher:
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž‘์—…์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
if even one unusually dangerous virus escaped a lab,
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ํ”์น˜ ์•Š์€ ์น˜๋ช…์  ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์œ ์ถœ๋˜์–ด๋„
02:09
it could cause a global pandemic.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘์ด ์œ ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:13
Virologists developing ePPPs argue this research could help us prepare
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ePPP๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€
์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘ ์œ ํ–‰์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
for future pandemics,
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02:19
allowing us to jump start treatments and potentially save lives.
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์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:23
For example, in the early 2010s,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, 2010๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์—
02:25
several research teams created a deadly strain of bird flu
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€์ด ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ๋…๊ฐ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:29
with the novel ability to spread through the air between mammals.
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์ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „์—ผ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
Advocates of the project argued that by creating this ePPP,
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ฐฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
ePPP๋ฅผ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:37
we could learn crucial information
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02:39
about a worst-case-scenario virus under controlled conditions.
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์ตœ์•…์˜ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œ๋œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
02:44
But many critics argued that itโ€™s unclear whether bird flu
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ๋…๊ฐ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์•ผ์ƒ์—์„œ๋„ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
would ever evolve in the wild as it did in the lab.
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02:51
Consequently, they believed the knowledge gained by studying this dangerous virus
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด์„œ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์‹์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ณด๋‹ค
02:55
wasnโ€™t remotely worth the risk of creating it in the first place.
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๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:59
Both sides of this ongoing debate are trying to save lives;
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์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๋„๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:02
they just disagree on the best way to do it.
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๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ž๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
However, everyone agrees that an ePPP lab leak could be catastrophic.
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๋‹ค๋งŒ, ePPP๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ถœ๋˜๋ฉด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์žฌ์•™์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์—”
๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋™์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
Labs that work with dangerous pathogens are designed with numerous safety features
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์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์•ˆ์ „ ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
to protect the scientists who work there, as well as the outside world,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค๊ณผ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
03:20
such as ventilation systems that decontaminate air
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์˜ค์—ผ๋œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์žฅ์น˜๋‚˜
03:23
and airtight โ€œspacesuitsโ€ with dedicated oxygen.
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์ „์šฉ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ€ํ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ณต ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
Sometimes buildings are even nested inside each other
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์–ด๋–ค ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์ฒฉ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
03:30
to prevent natural disasters from breaching the closed environment.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ž์—ฐ ์žฌํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์™€๋„ ๋ฐ€ํ๋œ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์ด ๋šซ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
But this technology is expensive to build and maintain.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์ง“๊ณ  ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
And even when our tech doesn't fail,
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์„ค์‚ฌ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
03:40
thereโ€™s still room for the most common kind of mistake:
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์ฃ .
03:43
human error.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ธ์žฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
Many human errors are inconsequential:
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๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
a researcher spills a sample,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์ด ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ์Ÿ์•„๋„
03:49
but quickly disinfects the otherwise well-controlled environment.
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์ž˜ ํ†ต์ œ๋œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ์†Œ๋…ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
Other incidents, however, are much more concerning.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ์šฐ๋ ค๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:56
In 2009, a researcher accidentally stuck themselves
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2009๋…„, ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋กœ ์—๋ณผ๋ผ์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ”๋Š˜์— ์ฐ”๋ ค
03:59
with an Ebola-contaminated needle,
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04:01
endangering their life and the lives of those treating them.
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๋ณธ์ธ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊นŒ์ง€ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋น ๋œจ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
In 2014, six vials containing the virus that causes smallpox were found
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2014๋…„์—๋Š”, ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘ ์œ ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์œ ๋ฆฌ๋ณ‘ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€
04:10
in an unsecured storage room where theyโ€™d been forgotten for decades.
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๋ณด์•ˆ์ด ํ—ˆ์ˆ ํ•œ ์ €์žฅ๊ณ  ์•ˆ์— ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฉ์น˜๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:15
That same year, a CDC scientist unknowingly contaminated
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๊ฐ™์€ ํ•ด, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์งˆ๋ณ‘ํ†ต์ œ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์€ ์ž์‹ ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ
04:18
a sample of relatively harmless bird flu with a deadly lab-grown variant,
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๋ฌดํ•ดํ•œ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ๋…๊ฐ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ‘œ๋ณธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ž‘๋œ ๋ณ€์ข…์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค์—ผ์‹œ์ผฐ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:23
and then shipped the contaminated sample to the USDA.
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์˜ค์—ผ๋œ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋†๋ฌด๋ถ€์— ๋ฐœ์†กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
While these incidents did not lead to larger crises,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์€ ๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ ํฐ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
04:30
the potentially catastrophic consequences of an ePPP leak
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ePPP๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ถœ๋˜๋ฉด ์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์žฌ์•™์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
04:34
have convinced many scientists that we should stop
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
this kind of research altogether.
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04:39
But if that doesnโ€™t happen, what can we do to minimize risk?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:43
Well, first, we can work to reduce human error by examining past mistakes.
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์šฐ์„ , ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ์ธ์  ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ค„์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
Some experts have suggested creating an international database of leaks,
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ์  ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ž๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
near-misses, and fixes taken that would help labs adapt their protocols
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ์œ ์ถœ๊ณผ ์œ„๊ธฐ, ๋Œ€์‘ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์•„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋•๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:56
to minimize human errors.
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04:58
And a robust, well-funded pandemic early warning system
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๋˜ํ•œ ์žฌ์ • ์ง€์›์ด ํƒ„ํƒ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋ฉด
05:02
would help protect us from any disease outbreakโ€”
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์–ด๋–ค ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ๋ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด๋„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
whether it comes from a lab leak or a natural spillover.
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ์œ ์ถœ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด๋“  ์ž์—ฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด๋“  ๋‹ค ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:09
Developing the kind of global standards and databases necessary
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด๋‚˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€
05:12
for these changes would be difficultโ€”
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๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
requiring unprecedented international collaboration and transparency.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ตญ์ œ์  ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
05:19
But we need to overcome these hurdles
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ด ๋ฒฝ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
because pandemics don't care about borders or politics.
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๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘ ์œ ํ–‰์€ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ •์น˜์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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