What really happened during the Attica Prison Rebellion - Orisanmi Burton

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2021-05-11 ・ TED-Ed


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What really happened during the Attica Prison Rebellion - Orisanmi Burton

272,007 views ・ 2021-05-11

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jihyeon J. Kim κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:07
β€œWe are men.
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β€œμš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:09
We are not beasts and we do not intend to be beaten or driven as such...
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두듀겨 맞고 λ‚΄λͺ°λ¦¬λŠ” 그런 짐승이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€...
00:13
What has happened here is but the sound before the fury
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μ΄κ³³μ—μ„œ λ²Œμ–΄μ§€κ³  μžˆλŠ” 일은
μ••μ œλ°›λŠ” 자의 뢄노에 μ°¬ μ†Œλ¦¬λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.”
00:16
of those who are oppressed.”
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00:18
These words were spoken during the 1971 Attica Prison Rebellion
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이 말은 1971λ…„ μ•„ν‹°μΉ΄ 감μ˜₯ ν­λ™μ—μ„œ
00:22
by one of its leaders, Elliott Barkley.
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μ£Όλ™μžμΈ μ—˜λ¦¬μ—‡ 바클리가 ν•œ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
At the time, Attica prison was severely overcrowded.
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κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œ μ•„ν‹°μΉ΄ 감μ˜₯은 μ‹¬κ°ν•œ κ³Όλ°€μƒνƒœμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
Its majority Black and Latino population faced constant physical and verbal abuse.
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흑인과 라틴계가 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μΈ μž¬μ†Œμžλ“€μ€ 지속적인 신체 및 μ–Έμ–΄ 폭λ ₯을 κ²ͺμ—ˆμ£ .
00:34
All prison guards were white.
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κ°„μˆ˜λ“€μ€ λͺ¨λ‘ λ°±μΈμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:36
Some were members of white supremacist hate groups.
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백인 μš°μ›”μ£Όμ˜μž λ‹¨μ²΄μ˜ νšŒμ›λ„ μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
00:39
Guards threw away letters that weren’t written in English
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κ°„μˆ˜λ“€μ€ μ˜μ–΄λ‘œ μ“΄ νŽΈμ§€κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ νκΈ°ν•˜κ³ 
00:42
and prohibited Muslim religious services.
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무슬림 예배λ₯Ό κΈˆμ§€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
They punished white prisoners for fraternizing with non-white men.
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비백인 μž¬μ†Œμžμ™€ μΉœν•˜κ²Œ μ§€λ‚΄λŠ” 백인 μž¬μ†ŒμžλŠ” λ²Œμ„ λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
Prisoners were allowed one shower a week and one roll of toilet paper a month.
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μž¬μ†Œμžλ“€μ€ 일주일에 ν•œ 번 μƒ€μ›Œν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
ν™”μž₯μ§€λŠ” ν•œ 달에 ν•œ λ‘λ£¨λ§ˆλ¦¬μ”©λ§Œ λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
Among those imprisoned at Attica were Elliott Barkley, Frank Smith,
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아티카에 수감된 μ‚¬λžŒ μ€‘μ—λŠ” μ—˜λ¦¬μ—‡ 바클리,
ν”„λž­ν¬ μŠ€λ―ΈμŠ€μ™€ ν—ˆλ²„νŠΈ X. 블라이든이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
and Herbert X. Blyden.
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00:59
β€œI’m dying here little by little every day...” Barkley wrote his mother.
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β€œμ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 맀일 μ‘°κΈˆμ”© μ£½μ–΄κ°€κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”...” λ°”ν΄λ¦¬λŠ” μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆμ—κ²Œ νŽΈμ§€λ₯Ό 썼죠.
01:04
She contacted authorities, but nothing changed.
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μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ” 당ꡭ에 연락해 λ΄€μ§€λ§Œ λ³€ν•˜λŠ” 게 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
He began writing a book about life at Attica.
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λ°”ν΄λ¦¬λŠ” μ•„ν‹°μΉ΄ 감μ˜₯μ—μ„œμ˜ 삢을 μ±…μœΌλ‘œ μ“°κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
Meanwhile, Smith worked a position called the β€œwarden’s laundry boy”
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ν•œνŽΈ μŠ€λ―ΈμŠ€λŠ” β€˜κ΅λ„κ΄€ 세탁 κΈ‰μ‚¬β€™λΌλŠ” μžλ¦¬μ—μ„œ 일을 ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
01:13
for 30 cents day.
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일당이 30μ„ΌνŠΈ(μ•½ 300원)μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
His grandmother had been enslaved.
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슀미슀의 ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ” λ…Έμ˜ˆμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
Because Smith and others were treated as less-than-human
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μŠ€λ―ΈμŠ€μ™€ λ‹€λ₯Έ 이듀이 κ°„μˆ˜λ“€ λ§ˆμŒλŒ€λ‘œ 인간 μ΄ν•˜μ˜ 취급을 λ°›μ•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
01:20
at the will of their keepers, they viewed prison as an extension of slavery.
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감μ˜₯을 λ…Έμ˜ˆμƒν™œμ˜ μ—°μž₯이라고 λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:24
And Blyden had participated in prison strikes and rebellions.
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블라이든은 감μ˜₯μ—μ„œ μ‹œμœ„μ™€ 폭동에 μ°Έμ—¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
He and others saw the violence of prison as symptomatic of a societal problem
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그와 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 감μ˜₯ 폭λ ₯을 μ‚¬νšŒ 문제의 증상이라고 λ³΄μ•˜λŠ”λ°
01:32
where individuals are denied justice based on their class and race.
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계측과 인쒅 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ³΅μ •ν•œ λŒ€μš°λ₯Ό 받을 수 μ—†μ—ˆμ£ .
01:36
They felt people shouldn’t be stripped of their rights to health and dignity
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그듀은 ν˜•λ²Œμ„ λ°›μ•˜λ‹€κ³  ν•΄μ„œ 건강과 μ‘΄μ—„μ˜ κΆŒλ¦¬κ°€
01:39
upon being sentenced.
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λ°•νƒˆλ˜μ–΄μ„œλŠ” μ•ˆ λœλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:41
Instead, resources should go towards meeting people’s basic needs
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μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 기본적인 ν•„μš”λ₯Ό μ±„μšΈ μ •λ„μ˜ μžμ›μ€ μ£Όμ–΄μ„œ
01:45
to prevent crime in the first place.
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μ• μ΄ˆμ— 범죄λ₯Ό 막아야 ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ΄€μ£ .
01:47
In the summer of 1971, Blyden co-founded the Attica Liberation Faction.
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1971λ…„ 여름에 블라이든은 μ•„ν‹°μΉ΄ 해방당을 κ³΅λ™μ‘°μ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
The group compiled a manifesto
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λ‹Ήμ—μ„œλŠ” μ„±λͺ…μ„œλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
01:54
and petitioned Corrections Commissioner Russell Oswald
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κ΅μ •μ‹œμ„€ 감독관인 λŸ¬μ…€ μ˜€μŠ€μ™ˆλ“œμ™€ λ„¬μŠ¨ 둝펠러 μ£Όμ§€μ‚¬μ—κ²Œ
01:57
and Governor Nelson Rockefeller for better treatment.
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더 λ‚˜μ€ 처우λ₯Ό μš”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” 탄원을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
Though largely ignored, they continued organizing.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ λ¬΄μ‹œλ‹Ήν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ μ‘°μ§ν•΄λ‚˜κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
After activist George Jackson was killed at a California prison,
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ν™œλ™κ°€ 쑰지 잭슨이 μΊ˜λ¦¬ν¬λ‹ˆμ•„ 감μ˜₯μ—μ„œ μ‚΄ν•΄λ‹Ήν•œ λ’€
02:07
700 men at Attica participated in a silent fast.
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μ•„ν‹°μΉ΄ 감μ˜₯ μž¬μ†Œμž 700λͺ…이 침묡 단식에 λ™μ°Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
Just weeks later, on September 9th, a spontaneous uprising began.
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λͺ‡ μ£Ό λ’€ 9μ›” 9일에 μ˜λ„μΉ˜ μ•Šκ²Œ 폭동이 μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
A group of prisoners overpowered guards, sparking the Attica Rebellion.
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일뢀 μž¬μ†Œμžλ“€μ΄ κ°„μˆ˜λ“€μ„ μ œμ••ν•˜λ©° μ•„ν‹°μΉ΄ 폭동을 μ΄‰λ°œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
Prisoners broke windows, started fires, and captured supplies.
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μž¬μ†Œμžλ“€μ€ 창문을 κΉ¨κ³ , λΆˆμ„ 지λ₯΄κ³ , λ³΄κΈ‰ν’ˆμ„ νƒˆμ·¨ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
They beat many guards.
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λ§Žμ€ κ°„μˆ˜λ“€μ„ λ•Œλ Έμ§€μš”.
02:26
One of them, William Quinn, would die from his injuries.
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그쀑에 μœŒλ¦¬μ—„ 퀸은 λΆ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ 인해 μ£½μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
Soon, over 1,200 prisoners had assembled in the yard with 42 hostages,
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곧 1,200λͺ…μ˜ μž¬μ†Œμžλ“€μ΄ 42λͺ…μ˜ μΈμ§ˆμ„ 작고 감μ˜₯ λ§ˆλ‹Ήμ— λͺ¨μ—¬μ„œ
02:35
preparing to demand change.
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λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μš”κ΅¬ν•  μ€€λΉ„λ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
They established a medical bay, delegated men to prepare and ration food,
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의료 κ΅¬νšμ„ μ„€μ •ν•˜κ³  μŒμ‹μ„ λ°°λΆ„ν•˜κ³  차릴 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ 뽑고
02:42
protected and sheltered guards, and elected a negotiating committee.
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κ°„μˆ˜λ“€μ„ λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κ³  μˆ˜μš©ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° ν˜‘μƒ μœ„μ›νšŒλ₯Ό μ„ μΆœν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
They appointed Blyden chief negotiator, Smith as security chief,
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블라이든을 졜고 ν˜‘μƒμžλ‘œ, 슀미슀λ₯Ό κ²½λΉ„ μ±…μž„μžλ‘œ,
02:50
and Barkely as a speaker.
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λ°”ν΄λ¦¬λŠ” λŒ€λ³€μΈμœΌλ‘œ λ½‘μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:52
Later that day, Barkley presented their demands to the press.
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κ·Έλ‚  늦게 λ°”ν΄λ¦¬λŠ” 언둠에 μš”κ΅¬μ‚¬ν•­μ„ λ°œν‘œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:56
When his mother saw him on TV, she was terrified.
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그의 μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ” 바클리λ₯Ό TVμ—μ„œ 보고 큰 걱정에 νœ©μ‹Έμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
He was just days from being released.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 단 λ©°μΉ  뒀에 석방될 μ˜ˆμ •μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:02
But she believed authorities would want retribution.
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당ꡭ이 보볡할 것이라고 μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ” μƒκ°ν–ˆμ£ .
03:05
Over the next four days, prisoners held negotiations with officials.
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λ‹€μŒ 4일 λ™μ•ˆ μž¬μ†Œμžλ“€μ€ κ΄€κ³„μžλ“€κ³Ό ν˜‘μƒμ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
They called for a minimum wage, rehabilitation programs,
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μ΅œμ € μž„κΈˆ, μž¬ν™œ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨,
03:12
better education, and more.
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더 λ‚˜μ€ ꡐ윑 등을 μš”κ΅¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
They promised all remaining hostages would be safe
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남아 μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  인질의 μ•ˆμ „μ€
03:17
if they were given amnesty for crimes committed during the uprising.
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폭동 기간에 저지λ₯Έ 범행을 사면해 μ€€λ‹€λŠ” 쑰건으둜 μ•½μ†ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
Meanwhile, Governor Rockefeller began crisis talks with President Nixon.
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ν•œνŽΈ 둝펠러 μ£Όμ§€μ‚¬λŠ” λ‹‰μŠ¨ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήκ³Ό κΈ΄κΈ‰ν•˜κ²Œ 회의λ₯Ό κ°œμ‹œν–ˆμ£ .
03:25
The president told his chief of staff that the rebellion should be quelled
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λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ€ μ°Έλͺ¨μ΄μž₯μ—κ²Œ 폭동을 μ§„μ••ν•΄μ„œ
03:29
to set an example for other Black activists.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 흑인 μš΄λ™κ°€λ“€μ—κ²Œ 본보기가 되게 ν•˜λΌκ³  ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
Commissioner Oswald announced he’d meet a number of the demands,
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μ˜€μŠ€μ™ˆλ“œ 감독관은 μ—¬λŸ¬ 가지 μš”κ΅¬λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄μ£Όκ² λ‹€κ³  ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:34
but refused to guarantee amnesty.
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사면 보μž₯은 κ±°λΆ€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
Prisoners refused to surrender.
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μž¬μ†Œμžλ“€μ€ ꡴볡을 κ±°λΆ€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
As warnings of an imminent siege mounted,
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곡격이 μž„λ°•ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” μ‹ ν˜Έκ°€ λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚˜μž
03:41
they threatened to kill 8 hostages if attacked.
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κ³΅κ²©ν•˜λ©΄ 인질 8λͺ…을 죽이겠닀고 μœ„ν˜‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
Nevertheless, Rockefeller ordered troops to retake the prison.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ‘νŽ λŸ¬λŠ” κ΅°λŒ€μ— 감μ˜₯ νƒˆν™˜ λͺ…령을 λ‚΄λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:48
Helicopters tear-gassed the yard.
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헬리μ½₯ν„°λ‘œ 감μ˜₯ λ§ˆλ‹Ήμ— μ΅œλ£¨κ°€μŠ€λ₯Ό ν„°λœ¨λ Έκ³ 
03:50
Troopers shot over 2,000 rounds of ammunition,
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κ΅°λŒ€λŠ” 2,000발이 λ„˜κ²Œ λ°œν¬ν•΄μ„œ
03:53
killing 29 prisoners and 10 guards, and wounding many others.
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μž¬μ†Œμž 29λͺ…κ³Ό κ°„μˆ˜ 10λͺ…이 μ£½κ³  λ‹€μˆ˜κ°€ 뢀상을 μž…μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
Witnesses say troopers found Barkley and shot him in the back.
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증언에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ 경찰은 바클리λ₯Ό λ“± λ’€μ—μ„œ μˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:01
Officers stripped surviving men naked, tortured them,
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ꡐ도관듀은 살아남은 μž¬μ†Œμžλ“€μ˜ μ˜·μ„ λ²—κΈ°κ³  κ³ λ¬Έν–ˆμœΌλ©°
04:04
and deprived them of medical attention.
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μΉ˜λ£Œλ°›μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ²Œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
Blyden was starved for days.
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블라이든은 λ©°μΉ  λ™μ•ˆ κ΅Άμ—ˆκ³ 
04:09
Smith was sexually violated, burned with cigarettes,
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μŠ€λ―ΈμŠ€λŠ” 성폭행을 λ‹Ήν•˜κ³ , λ‹΄λ±ƒλΆˆλ‘œ 화상을 μž…μ—ˆμœΌλ©°
04:12
dragged into isolation, and beaten.
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λ…λ°©μœΌλ‘œ λŒλ €κ°€ 두듀겨 λ§žμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:16
Directly after the attack, Governor Rockefeller thought prisoners
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곡격이 μžˆμ€ 직후에 둝펠러 μ£Όμ§€μ‚¬λŠ”
04:19
were responsible for the deaths of the 10 guards.
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κ°„μˆ˜ 10λͺ…μ˜ 죽음이 μž¬μ†Œμž μ±…μž„μ΄λΌκ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:22
He called it β€œa beautiful operation.”
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λ‘νŽ λŸ¬λŠ” 그것을 β€˜ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ μž‘μ „β€™μ΄λΌκ³  λΆˆλ €μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:24
President Nixon congratulated Rockefeller and told his chief of staff
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λ‹‰μŠ¨ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ€ 둝펠러λ₯Ό μΉ˜ν•˜ν•˜λ©°
μ°Έλͺ¨μ΄μž₯μ—κ²Œ β€˜κ³Όκ²©μ£Όμ˜μžβ€˜λ“€μ„ λ©ˆμΆ”λ €λ©΄ β€˜λͺ‡ λͺ… 죽이’면 λœλ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμ£ .
04:28
that the way to stop β€œradicals” was to β€œkill a few.”
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04:30
But autopsies soon confirmed that prisoners
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 곧 λ‚˜μ˜¨ λΆ€κ²€ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 보면
04:33
hadn’t killed any guards during the attack, as threatened.
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μœ„ν˜‘κ³Ό 달리 μž¬μ†Œμžλ“€μ€ μ†Œμš” 쀑에 μ–΄λ–€ κ°„μˆ˜λ„ 죽이지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
Government forces had.
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μ •λΆ€ 곡ꢌλ ₯이 μ£½μ˜€μ£ .
04:38
Nixon told Rockefeller to stand his ground.
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λ‹‰μŠ¨ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ€ λ‘νŽ λŸ¬μ—κ²Œ λ¬ΌλŸ¬μ„œμ§€ 말라고 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:41
Those who survived the massacre continued fighting for revolutionary change.
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ν•™μ‚΄μ˜ μƒμ‘΄μžλ“€μ€ κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ ν˜μ‹ μ μΈ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ‹Έμ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:46
Long after being released,
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μ„λ°©λ˜κ³  였랜 μ‹œκ°„ ν›„
04:47
Smith and Blyden campaigned for social justice and prison abolition.
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μŠ€λ―ΈμŠ€μ™€ 블라이든은 μ‚¬νšŒ μ •μ˜μ™€ 감μ˜₯ 폐지λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μΊ νŽ˜μΈμ„ λ²Œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:52
The demands men made at Attica in 1971
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1971λ…„ μ•„ν‹°μΉ΄ 감μ˜₯μ—μ„œ 이듀이 ν–ˆλ˜ μš”κ΅¬λŠ”
04:55
remain at the core of ongoing protestsβ€” within and beyond prison walls.
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감μ˜₯ μ•ˆνŒŽμ—μ„œ μ—¬μ „νžˆ 진행 쀑인 μ‹œμœ„μ˜ ν•΅μ‹¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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