How the Normans changed the history of Europe - Mark Robinson

3,251,198 views

2018-08-09 ・ TED-Ed


New videos

How the Normans changed the history of Europe - Mark Robinson

3,251,198 views ・ 2018-08-09

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Myung Duk LIM κ²€ν† : Won Jang
00:06
In the year 1066,
0
6482
1973
1066년에,
00:08
7000 Norman infantry and knights sailed in warships across the English Channel.
1
8455
6588
7000λͺ…μ˜ λ…Έλ₯΄λ§Œμ‘± 병사와 기사듀이 함선을 타고 μ˜κ΅­ν•΄ν˜‘μ„ κ±΄λ„œμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
Their target: England, home to more than a million people.
2
15043
4033
κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λͺ©μ μ§€λŠ” 영ꡭ, 백만 λͺ… 이상이 μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
Theirs was a short voyage with massive consequences.
3
19076
4001
κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 짧은 ν•­ν•΄λŠ” μ—„μ²­λ‚œ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό κ°€μ Έμ˜€κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
And around the same period of time,
4
23077
2129
그리고 같은 기간에,
00:25
other groups of Normans were setting forth all across Europe,
5
25206
4162
λ…Έλ₯΄λ§Œμ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ 뢀쑱듀도 유럽 μ „μ—­μœΌλ‘œ λ– λ‚˜λ©΄μ„œ,
00:29
going on adventures that would reverberate throughout that continent’s history.
6
29368
4331
μœ λŸ½λŒ€λ₯™μ˜ 역사에 큰 파μž₯을 μΌμœΌν‚¬ λͺ¨ν—˜μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
So who were these warriors
7
33699
2182
κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ λ„λŒ€μ²΄ 이 전사듀은 λˆ„κ΅¬μ˜€κ³ ,
00:35
and how did they leave their mark so far and wide?
8
35881
4240
μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 흔적을 κ·Έ λ©€λ¦¬κΉŒμ§€ 남길 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
00:40
Our story begins over 200 years earlier,
9
40121
3409
이 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ˜ μ‹œμž‘μ€ 200λ…„ μ΄μ „μœΌλ‘œ 거슬러 μ˜¬λΌκ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
when Vikings began to settle on the shores of northern France
10
43530
3962
바이킹듀이 뢁뢀 ν”„λž‘μŠ€ ν•΄μ•ˆμ— μ •μ°©ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ„ λ•ŒλΆ€ν„°μ΄λ©°,
00:47
as part of a great Scandinavian exodus across northern Europe.
11
47492
4441
μ΄λŠ” μŠ€μΉΈλ””λ‚˜λΉ„μ•„ λŒ€νƒˆμΆœμ˜ μΌλΆ€λΆ„μœΌλ‘œ λΆμœ λŸ½μ— κ±Έμ³μ„œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
The French locals called these invaders Normans,
12
51933
2829
ν”„λž‘μŠ€ 원주민듀은 이 μΉ¨λž΅μžλ“€μ„
그듀이 온 뢁μͺ½ λ°©ν–₯μ—μ„œ 이름을 λ”° λ…Έλ₯΄λ§Œμ‘±μ΄λΌ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
named for the direction they came from.
13
54762
2382
00:57
Eventually, Charles, the king of the Franks,
14
57144
2899
κ²°κ΅­, ν”„λž‘ν¬μ‘±μ˜ μ™• 샀λ₯Όλ₯΄λŠ”
01:00
negotiated peace with the Viking leader Rollo in 911,
15
60043
4479
λ°”μ΄ν‚Ήλ“€μ˜ μ§€λ„μž λ‘€λ‘œμ™€ 911년에 ν‰ν™”ν˜‘μ •μ„ λ§Ίκ³ ,
01:04
granting him a stretch of land along France’s northern coast
16
64522
4153
ν”„λž‘μŠ€ 뢁뢀 ν•΄μ•ˆκ°€μ˜ 땅을 λ„˜κ²¨μ£Όμ—ˆλŠ”λ°,
01:08
that came to be known as Normandy.
17
68675
2979
κ·Έ 땅이 λ…Έλ₯΄λ§λ””라 뢈리게 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
The Normans proved adaptable to their newly settled life.
18
71654
3610
λ…Έλ₯΄λ§Œμ‘±λ“€μ€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ •μ°©μƒν™œμ— 잘 μ μ‘ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
They married Frankish women,
19
75264
1789
그듀은 ν”„λž‘ν¬μ‘± μ—¬μ„±λ“€κ³Ό κ²°ν˜Όν–ˆκ³ ,
01:17
adopted the French language,
20
77053
1627
ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ–΄λ₯Ό λ°›μ•„λ“€μ˜€μœΌλ©°,
01:18
and soon started converting from Norse paganism to Christianity.
21
78680
4265
곧, 뢁ꡬ의 μ΄κ΅λ„μ—μ„œ κΈ°λ…κ΅λ‘œ κ°œμ’…ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
But though they adapted,
22
82945
1769
비둝 그듀은 적응은 ν•˜μ˜€μ§€λ§Œ
01:24
they maintained the warrior tradition
23
84714
2222
μ „μ‚¬λ‘œμ„œμ˜ 전톡과
01:26
and conquering spirit of their Viking forebears.
24
86936
3180
바이킹 μ„ μ‘°λ“€μ˜ 정볡 정신은 μœ μ§€ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
Before long, ambitious Norman knights were looking for new challenges.
25
90116
5229
곧, 야심에 μ°¬ λ…Έλ₯΄λ§Œμ‘± 기사듀은 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 도전을 μ°Ύμ•„ λ‚˜μ„°κ³ ,
01:35
The Normans’ best-known achievement was their conquest of England.
26
95345
4720
κ·Έλ“€μ˜ κ°€μž₯ 잘 μ•Œλ €μ§„ 업적은 영ꡭ 땅을 μ λ Ήν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
In 1066, William, the Duke of Normandy,
27
100065
3202
1066λ…„, λ…Έλ₯΄λ§λ””μ˜ κ³΅μž‘ μœŒλ¦¬μ—„μ€
01:43
disputed the claim of the new English king, Harold Godwinson.
28
103267
4656
영ꡭ μ™• ν•΄λ‘€λ“œ κ³ λ“œμœˆμŠ¨μ˜ μ¦‰μœ„ 선언에 λ°˜λ°•ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
Soon after landing in England,
29
107923
2123
μœŒλ¦¬μ—„κ³Ό 그의 기사듀은 μ˜κ΅­μ— 상λ₯™ν•œ ν›„ 곧,
01:50
William and his knights met Harold’s army near the town of Hastings.
30
110046
4616
ν—€μ΄μŠ€νŒ…μŠ€ λ§ˆμ„ κ·Όμ²˜μ—μ„œ ν•΄λ‘€λ“œμ˜ κ΅°λŒ€μ™€ 맞λ‹₯뜨리게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:54
The climactic moment in the battle
31
114662
1874
κ·Έ μ „νˆ¬μ˜ κ°€μž₯ μ ˆμ •μΈ μˆœκ°„μ€
01:56
is immortalized in the 70-meter-long Bayeux Tapestry,
32
116536
4593
70λ―Έν„° 길이의 λ°”μ΄μœ  νƒœν”ΌμŠ€νŠΈλ¦¬μ— μƒˆκ²¨μ Έ μ˜μ›νžˆ λ‚¨κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
where an arrow striking Harold in the eye seals the Norman victory.
33
121129
5386
ν•΄λ‘€λ“œμ˜ λˆˆμ— 화살이 κ½‚ν˜€ λ…Έλ₯΄λ§Œμ‘±μ΄ μŠΉλ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” μˆœκ°„μ΄ λ¬˜μ‚¬λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ§€μš”.
02:06
William consolidated his gains with a huge castle-building campaign
34
126515
4603
μœŒλ¦¬μ•”μ€ 그의 승리λ₯Ό ꡳ히기 μœ„ν•΄ κ±°λŒ€ν•œ 성을 μΆ•μ‘°ν–ˆκ³ 
02:11
and a reorganization of English society.
35
131118
3102
영ꡭ μ‚¬νšŒλ₯Ό μž¬νŽΈμ„±ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
He lived up to his nickname "William the Conqueror"
36
134220
2861
κ·ΈλŠ” "정볡왕 μœŒλ¦¬μ—„"μ΄λΌλŠ” 별λͺ…에 걸맞게,
02:17
through a massive survey known as the Domesday Book,
37
137081
3841
λ”μŠ€λ°μ΄ λ¬Έμ„œλΌ μ•Œλ €μ§„ λ°©λŒ€ν•œ μ‘°μ‚¬μ„œλ₯Ό μž‘μ„±ν–ˆλŠ”λ°,
02:20
which recorded the population and ownership
38
140922
2622
이 μ‘°μ‚¬μ„œλŠ” 영ꡭ의 인ꡬ와
02:23
of every piece of land in England.
39
143544
3448
λͺ¨λ“  ν† μ§€μ˜ μ†Œμœ μ£Όλ₯Ό κΈ°λ‘ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
Norman French became the language of the new royal court,
40
146992
3381
λ…Έλ₯΄λ§Œμ‘±μ΄ μ“°λ˜ ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ–΄λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ™•μ‹€μ˜ μ–Έμ–΄κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
02:30
while commoners continued to speak Anglo-Saxon.
41
150373
3393
평민듀은 계속 μ•΅κΈ€λ‘œμƒ‰μŠ¨μ–΄λ₯Ό μΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
Over time, the two merged to give us the English we know today,
42
153766
4226
μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 흐λ₯΄λ©° 두 μ–Έμ–΄λŠ” ν†΅ν•©λ˜μ–΄ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν˜„μž¬ μ“°λŠ” μ˜μ–΄κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ‚˜
02:37
though the divide between lords and peasants can still be felt
43
157992
3968
κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ μ˜μ£Όμ™€ μ†Œμž‘λ† μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ ꡬ뢄은 μ—¬μ „νžˆ λŠκ»΄μ§€λŠ”λ°
02:41
in synonym pairs such as cow and beef.
44
161960
6582
λ™μ˜μ–΄λ‘œμ„œ μ˜μ–΄ μ–΄μ›μ˜ μ†Œ(cow)와 λΆˆμ–΄ μ–΄μ›μ˜ μ†Œκ³ κΈ°(beef)처럼 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
By the end of the 12th century,
45
168542
1760
12μ„ΈκΈ° λ§κΉŒμ§€
02:50
the Normans had further expanded into Wales,
46
170302
3057
λ…Έλ₯΄λ§Œμ‘±μ€ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ„Έλ ₯을
μ›¨μΌμ¦ˆ, μŠ€μ½”ν‹€λžœλ“œ, 그리고 μ•„μΌλžœλ“œκΉŒμ§€ λ„“ν˜€κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
Scotland,
47
173359
785
02:54
and Ireland.
48
174144
1369
02:55
Meanwhile, independent groups of Norman knights
49
175513
2973
ν•œνŽΈ, μΌλ‹¨μ˜ λ…Έλ₯΄λ§Œμ‘± 기사듀은
02:58
traveled to the Mediterranean,
50
178486
1684
μ˜ˆλ£¨μ‚΄λ ˜μ—μ„œ λŒμ•„μ˜¨ μˆœλ‘€μžμ˜ 이야기에 감λͺ…을 λ°›μ•„ μ§€μ€‘ν•΄λ‘œ 떠났고
03:00
inspired by tales of pilgrims returning from Jerusalem.
51
180170
3898
03:04
There, they threw themselves into a tangled mass of conflicts
52
184068
4255
κ·Έ 지역에 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ κΈ°μ„± μ„Έλ ₯듀간에 μ–½νžŒ 좩돌의 격전μž₯에 λ›°μ–΄λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
among the established powers all over that region.
53
188323
3247
03:11
They became highly prized mercenaries,
54
191570
2385
그듀은 높은 보상을 λ°›λŠ” μš©λ³‘μ΄ λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
03:13
and during one of these battles,
55
193955
1892
이 μ „νˆ¬λ“€ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ—μ„œ
03:15
they made the first recorded heavy cavalry charge with couched lances,
56
195847
5186
기둝상 졜초의 λˆ•ν˜€μ„œ μž‘λŠ” 창으둜 무μž₯ν•œ μ€‘κΈ°λ³‘λŒ€λ₯Ό κ΅¬μ„±ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
03:21
a devastating tactic that soon became standard in medieval warfare.
57
201033
4912
이 파괴적인 μ „μˆ μ€ 곧 μ€‘μ„Έμ‹œλŒ€ κ΅μ „μ˜ ν‘œμ€€μ΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
The Normans were also central to the First Crusade of 1095-99,
58
205945
5702
λ˜ν•œ λ…Έλ₯΄λ§Œμ‘±μ€ 1095-99년에 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 1μ°¨ μ‹­μžκ΅°μ˜ 쀑심이 λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
03:31
a bloody conflict that re-established Christian control
59
211647
3575
이 μΉ˜μ—΄ν•œ μ „νˆ¬λ₯Ό 톡해
쀑동 일뢀 지역에 기독ꡐ μ„Έλ ₯이 λ‹€μ‹œ 자리λ₯Ό 작게 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:35
in certain parts of the Middle East.
60
215222
2534
03:37
But the Normans did more than just fight.
61
217756
3434
λ…Έλ₯΄λ§Œμ‘±μ΄ μ „μŸλ§Œ ν•œ 것은 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
As a result of their victories,
62
221190
1877
승리의 결과둜
03:43
leaders like William Iron-Arm and Robert the Crafty
63
223067
3659
μ² κ°‘μ˜ μœŒλ¦¬μ—„, μ˜λ¦¬ν•œ λ‘œλ²„νŠΈ 같은 μ§€λ„μžλ“€μ€
03:46
secured lands throughout Southern Italy,
64
226726
2622
μ΄νƒˆλ¦¬μ•„ λ‚¨λΆ€μ˜ 땅듀을 ν™•λ³΄ν•˜μ—¬,
03:49
eventually merging them to form the Kingdom of Sicily in 1130.
65
229348
5424
1130λ…„, μ‹œμΉ λ¦¬μ•„ μ™•κ΅­μœΌλ‘œ ν†΅ν•©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
Under Roger II,
66
234772
1488
λ‘œμ € 2μ„Έ μ¦‰μœ„ν•˜μ—
03:56
the kingdom became a beacon of multicultural tolerance
67
236260
3249
μ‹œμΉ λ¦¬μ•„ 왕ꡭ은 μ’…κ΅μ „μŸκ³Ό 내전에 μ˜ν•΄ 망가진 μ„Έμƒμ—μ„œ
03:59
in a world torn apart by religious and civil wars.
68
239509
3680
닀문화에 λŒ€ν•œ κ΄€μš©μ˜ λͺ¨λ²”이 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
Muslim Arab poets and scholars served in the royal court
69
243189
4030
μ΄μŠ¬λžŒκ΅λ„μΈ μ•„λž μ‹œμΈκ³Ό ν•™μžλ“€μ΄ κΆμ •μ—μ„œ 일을 ν•  λ•Œ,
04:07
alongside Byzantine Greek sailors and architects.
70
247219
3402
동방정ꡐ도인 그리슀 λ±ƒμ‚¬λžŒλ“€, 건좕가듀도 ν•¨κ»˜ 일을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
Arabic remained an official language along with Latin, Greek, and Norman French.
71
250621
5218
μ•„λžμ–΄λŠ” 라틴어, κ·Έλ¦¬μŠ€μ–΄, λ…Έλ₯΄λ§Œμ‹ ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ–΄μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ κ³΅μ‹μ–΄λ‘œ λ‚¨μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:15
The world’s geographical knowledge was compiled in The Book of Roger,
72
255839
4281
μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ 지리학적 지식이 "λ‘œμ €μ˜ μ±…" 에 λ‹΄κ²¨μ‘Œκ³ ,
04:20
whose maps of the known world
73
260120
1583
μ•Œκ³  있던 μ„Έκ³„μ˜ μ§€λ„λ“€λ§ŒνΌμ€
04:21
would remain the most accurate available for 300 years.
74
261703
4119
κ·Έ 이후 300λ…„κ°„ κ°€μž₯ μ •ν™•ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚¨μ•„μžˆκ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:25
And the churches built in Palermo combined Latin-style architecture,
75
265822
4504
λ˜ν•œ νŒ”λ ˆλ₯΄λͺ¨μ— 지어진 κ΅νšŒλ“€μ€ 라틴 ν˜•μ‹μ˜ 건좕양식에
04:30
Arab ceilings,
76
270326
1387
μ•„λžμ‹ 천μž₯,
04:31
and Byzantine domes,
77
271713
1956
λΉ„μž”ν‹΄ μ–‘μ‹μ˜ 돔을 κ²°ν•©ν•˜μ—¬
04:33
all decorated with exquisite golden mosaics.
78
273669
3853
μ •κ΅ν•œ κΈˆμƒ‰ λͺ¨μžμ΄ν¬λ‘œ 치μž₯을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
So if the Normans were so successful, why aren’t they still around?
79
277522
3770
그런데, λ…Έλ₯΄λ§Œμ‘±μ΄ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λ²ˆμ„±ν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄, μ™œ μ§€κΈˆμ€ λ‚¨μ•„μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ€ κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
04:41
In fact, this was a key part of their success:
80
281292
3397
사싀, κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 성곡에 μ£Όμš”ν•œ μš”μ†Œκ°€ λ°”λ‘œ 이 것인데:
04:44
not just ruling the societies they conquered,
81
284689
2852
그듀은 μžμ‹ λ“€μ΄ μ λ Ήν•œ μ‚¬νšŒλ₯Ό 단지 ν†΅μΉ˜ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
04:47
but becoming part of them.
82
287541
2056
κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 일뢀가 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:49
Although the Normans eventually disappeared as a distinct group,
83
289597
3791
비둝 λ…Έλ₯΄λ§Œμ‘±μ΄ κ²°κ΅­ λ…μžμ μΈ μ§‘λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œμ„œλŠ” μ‚¬λΌμ‘Œμ§€λ§Œ,
04:53
their contributions remained.
84
293388
2006
κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 업적듀은 μ—¬μ „νžˆ 남아 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:55
And today, from the castles and cathedrals that dot Europe’s landscape
85
295394
4411
그리고 μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μœ λŸ½μ— μ‚°μž¬ν•΄μžˆλŠ” μ„±κ³½κ³Ό μ„±λ‹Ήλ“€μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„°
04:59
to wherever the English language is spoken,
86
299805
2813
μ˜μ–΄κ°€ μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ–΄μ§€λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ 곳이던 간에
05:02
the Norman legacy lives on.
87
302618
2357
λ…Έλ₯΄λ§Œμ‘±μ˜ μœ μ‚°μ€ 계속 μ‚΄μ•„μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7